CN103868993A - Method and device for acoustic discrimination of multistage yield points by rock triaxial single sample method - Google Patents
Method and device for acoustic discrimination of multistage yield points by rock triaxial single sample method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for acoustic discrimination of multistage yield points by a rock triaxial single sample method. The upper end and the lower end in a triaxial chamber are respectively provided with an upper rigid pressure head and a lower rigid pressure head; the device is characterized in that an acoustic emission (AE) probe and an acoustic wave probe coupling testing device are respectively and fixedly arranged in the upper rigid pressure head and the lower rigid pressure head in a sealing way, and are used for bearing the high-pressure oil in the triaxial chamber; an AE acquisition system and an acoustic meter are connected; in the rock axial loading process, AE test and acoustic wave velocity test are completed at the same time in the whole process of rock microcrack dynamic propagation until yield failure, and the like; the experiment information data such as AE and acoustic wave can be output by the AE acquisition system and the acoustic meter in the rock failure process; the yield points can be judged jointly according to the propagation of microcrack in rock matrix, the AE characteristic change law near the yield points and the acoustic wave velocity change characteristics; the level of axial pressure loading is controlled to be stopped by a computer, and the next level of axial pressure loading of confining pressure is carried out; the multistage yield points of a rock single sample test piece are sequentially discriminated and tested.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rock mechanics field, relate to rock failure process and Mechanism Study technology and brittle rock list sample triaxial test technology, specifically relate to a kind of acoustics method of discrimination and device of rock three axle list sample fado level yield points.
Background technology
Along with Chinese society rapid development of economy, the large-scale development of water resources, the rapid expansion of railway traffic and the rise of Nuclear Power Industry, the large-scale engineering relevant to rock mass is increasing, and these engineerings also present the feature of extensive large buried depth.In rock mechanics indepth and engineering research, face the rock mechanics and engineering problem of the series of challenges such as the rapid construction of structural safety, rock burst and long tunnel that high-ground stress, high external water pressure cause.Therefore, the research of rock stratum, deep rock mass damage Micromechanics mechanism and mechanical characteristic becomes focus.
The general axisymmetric stress system of single confined pressure that adopts of indoor rock ordinary triaxial test, first applies wall pressure to rock sample and reaches a certain steady state value (σ
2=σ
3), then increase axle pressure σ
1, until rock sample destroys.A rock sample can only draw a pair of σ
1and σ
3data, cannot determine the strength envelope of rock, can not obtain the parameter such as cohesive strength and angle of internal friction of rock.Under every profession and trade specification and GB general provision rock triaxial test same water percentage, rock sample must not be less than 5.Owing to being difficult to get enough rock samples and test specimen self has certain discreteness in some engineerings, in test, there will be the not enough and discrete phenomena comparatively of test figure, bring inconvenience to test and data processing.
Thus, monolithic sample triaxial (test) method arises at the historic moment, and monolithic sample triaxial test also first determines that confined pressure loads grade, as σ
3=c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, test procedure, for first adding 1 grade of confined pressure c1 of confined pressure to the, then adds axial compression to breakdown point (yield point); Now, keep axial compression constant, confined pressure is loaded on the 2nd grade of confined pressure value on the basis of the 1st grade of confined pressure, now keeps confined pressure constant, then increase axial compression gradually until the 2nd grade destroy (surrender), by that analogy.But for a long time, because rock is hard brittle material, in the method, what value every grade of axial compression adds to, and how this grade of breakdown point is differentiated, and is restricting application and the popularization of the method in rock triaxial test always, is also difficult to be approved by geotechnical engineer.
Therefore, in monolithic sample triaxial test, very difficult judgement of obtaining rock yield point in multistage three axle loading procedures by trial curve or other means always, this is to need at present one of problem solving.
In view of above difficult point, the variation that can use for reference test specimen acoustic velocity in rock test process judges in single sample method the yield failure point of every grade.Adopt at present sonic test to evaluate stable and lax, damage range and the degree of rock mass, utilize manual method to apply dynamic load to measured medium, as the excitaton source that excites elastic wave, make it to propagate in medium, then receive by amount of analysis measurement equipment the information of acoustic wave transmitting, as velocity of wave, amplitude, frequency, sound spectrum, waveform etc.Sonic detection is widely used in all kinds of engineering constructions, such as detecting the stable of underground cavern, roadway surrounding rock, evaluate quality and the classification of rock mass, mineral deposit, ore pillar stability monitoring, the validity check of foundation and slope reinforcement processing, and the detection of karst and crystal cave, soft stratum or interlayer, fault belt, waste mantle etc.But this method is affected by the factor such as structure and integrality of rock sample itself, adopts merely the method sometimes easily to be judged by accident.
In addition, sonic test detects index as the stability of evaluation engineering rock mass and damage range and degree one, there is complete trace routine and method of testing separately, in the prior art, simple adopt sonic test more difficult comprehensively qualitative, quantitatively to carrying out real-time monitored and sign in Rock Fracture Processes, have obvious limitation.Meanwhile, the micro-crack in rock, concrete material, in generation, expansion, folding and perforation process, can produce acoustic emission.Because micro-crack is difficult to directly observation, acoustic emission method has just become the powerful of micro-crack dynamic changing process in study of rocks, concrete stress deformation process.Acoustic emission testing technology is to utilize the attenuation change situation of acoustic emission to evaluate the degree of impairment in rock, and the information that acoustic emission provides is compared with horn of plenty, as: accumulative total is launched number N, acoustic emission rate AER, acoustic emission wave amplitude A, acoustic emission energy E harmony T launch time.
Under heavily stressed triaxial test condition, rock is placed in the chamber of high oil pressure by rubber sleeve, and acoustic velocity test and the acoustic emission test of rock sample become more difficult.Therefore, need to test and the acoustic means method of discrimination such as acoustic emission test by acoustic velocity, obtain parameters such as comparatively comprehensively reflecting in AE acoustic emission in the whole destructive process of rock AE acoustic emission number, energy and amplitude, thereby obtain the judgement of rock yield point in multistage three axle loading procedures, this is the problem that needs at present solution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of acoustics method of discrimination of rock three axle list sample fado level yield points is provided, by the AE acoustic emission number in coupling acoustic emission AE and acoustic velocity joint test acoustic velocity change procedure and the whole destructive process of rock, the acoustic velocity variation characteristic of the parameter such as energy and amplitude and rock characteristic intensity critical annex, can comparatively comprehensively carry out qualitative to rock microcracks dynamic change, observe quantitatively and characterize, thereby can analyze the resistance to spalling that rises of rock qualitative, quantitative, the characteristic strength values such as damage strength, accurately differentiate the yield point of rock in process of the test, thereby ensure that axial compression loads other confined pressure of next stage.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of acoustics discriminating gear of rock three axle list sample fado level yield points, solving acoustic emission AE probe under high confining pressure is arranged in push-down head with sonic probe coupling sealing, can bear high oil pressure and be placed in the three axocoel chambers that are full of high confining pressure, can collect harmless AE signal, show intuitively generation position and the extensions path of secondary micro-crack in rock failure mechanism of rock process, accurately differentiate the yield point of rock in process of the test, thereby ensure that axial compression loads other confined pressure of next stage, increased the success ratio of test.
The present invention solves its technical matters by the following technical solutions: a kind of acoustics method of discrimination three axocoels of rock three axle list sample fado level yield points are indoor, rock sample test specimen is placed on, between lower two rigid pressure heads, by upper, in lower rigid pressure head, sealing is fixedly mounted with AE acoustic emission probe and sonic probe coupling test device respectively, and bear the indoor high oil pressure of three axocoels, access AE acquisition system and sonic apparatus, in the axial loading procedure of rock, complete rock microcracks dynamic expansion until the acoustic emission test in the overall processes such as yield failure and acoustic velocity test simultaneously, and by experiment information data such as AE acquisition system and sonic apparatus output rock failure process acoustic emission and sound waves, combine judgement yield point according near the characteristics of Acoustic Emission Changing Pattern expansion of micro-crack in Rock Matrix and yield point and acoustic velocity variation characteristic, computer control stops the loading of this rank axle pressure, the axial compression of carrying out next rank confined pressure loads, the multistage yield point that completes successively rock list sample test specimen is differentiated test.
A kind of acoustics discriminating gear of rock three axle list sample fado level yield points, on three axocoels are indoor, lower two ends are separately installed with rigid pressure head and lower rigid pressure head, on upper rigid pressure head, be provided with platen, latch is fixed on upper platen on upper rigid pressure head, force-transmitting pole is arranged on platen, lower rigid pressure head is arranged on the integrated chassis of data line, it is characterized in that: on, in lower rigid pressure head, sealing is fixed with AE acoustic emission probe and sonic probe respectively, upper rigid pressure head and lower rigid pressure head one side are embedded in respectively rare two wedge-type seal joints, on the integrated chassis of data line, be provided with interior connection road slot, data line arranges external connection slot in integrated chassis, interior connection road slot and external connection slot are communicated with cable, rock sample test specimen is placed on, between lower two rigid pressure heads.
Described AE acoustic emission probe is connected to signal internal wiring, and signal internal wiring access wedge-type seal joint picks out signal external connection, and connects road slot in access, then accesses AE acquisition system by external connection slot, AE acquisition system access computing machine.
Described sonic probe is connected to acoustic signals internal wiring, and acoustic signals internal wiring access wedge-type seal joint picks out acoustic signals external connection, and connects road slot in access, then accesses sonic apparatus by external connection slot, sonic apparatus access computing machine.
Interior connection road slot and external connection slot that the integrated chassis of described data line arranges at least arrange respectively four, and each interior connection road slot is communicated with corresponding external connection slot respectively.
The present invention compared with prior art also has following major advantage:
1, in triaxial test rigid pressure head of the present invention, acoustic apparatus is set, by upper, in lower two rigid pressure heads, sealing arranges sound wave respectively, acoustic emission probe coupling device, to rock failure process experiment observation rock microcracks, dynamic change is carried out qualitative, characterize quantitatively, can complete sonic test simultaneously, acoustic emission test, comparatively comprehensively to rock failure process experiment information data, information of acoustic wave is as velocity of wave, amplitude, frequency, sound spectrum, waveform etc., and acoustic emission information is as transmitting number, acoustic emission rate, acoustic emission wave amplitude, acoustic emission energy, the acoustic emission time etc., by coupling AE monitoring and location, velocity of wave rate variation comparative study rock deformation and failure and intensity evolution mechanism, to the stability of engineering rock mass, damage range and degree have judgement comparatively accurately.
2, the present invention adopts monolithic three choosing for rock brittleness characteristic of method of principal axes Loading Control mode to have deep meaning, in triaxial test, also do not load 2, 3 grades just occur because of rock brittleness characteristic that formula out of control destroys and make to test that all that has been achieved is spoiled, be difficult to accomplish determining of yield point, although adopt axial strain and hoop strain control triaxial test can increase the success ratio of monolithic sample triaxial test, but this kind of method has uncontrollability, it can not shift to an earlier date anticipation yield point, and employing sound wave of the present invention, acoustic emission probe coupling device, by obtaining rock failure process experiment information data, can can judge breakdown point before slightly in breakdown point moment of arriving, now can adopt man-machine interaction mode to stop immediately the loading of this rank axle pressure, thereby ensure that axial compression loads other confined pressure of next stage, thereby greatly increase the success ratio of test.
3, the acoustic apparatus that in rock monolithic sample triaxial test of the present invention, multistage yield point is differentiated, adopt the sealing of AE acoustic emission probe to be arranged in the interior rigid pressure head of chamber of triaxial chamber, can judge yield point by near the characteristics of Acoustic Emission Changing Pattern expansion of micro-crack in the stressed rear Rock Matrix of collection rock and yield point, therefore the aggregate-value to AE energy and acoustic emission number or signals collecting rate can determine that the breakdown point of rock in process of the test is yield point well, especially in the time that on-site sampling difficulty or the complete homogeneity of test specimen are difficult to reach, configuration sound wave, acoustic emission probe test coupling device, the superiority of monolithic test specimen triaxial test method more can embody, therefore there is stronger engineering using value.
4, the present invention adopts sonic probe and the acoustic emission AE method of testing being coupled of popping one's head in, can be by catching the destructive process of the acoustic emission signal reflection rock in test block destructive process, show intuitively generation position and the extensions path of secondary micro-crack in rock failure mechanism of rock process, by rock failure mechanism of rock overall process Experimental on acoustic emission, can disclose contacting between rock fracture expansion process and sound emission signal characteristic, judge rock certain stage in destructive process according to sound emission signal characteristic, and obtain precursor information and the INSTABILITY CRITERION of the rock failure mechanism of rock; Meanwhile, testing the acoustic velocity variation characteristic through test specimen total length of rock sample under stands under load at different levels by the sonic probe at test specimen pressure head two ends, is also in every grade of test, and the relative bust point of acoustic velocity is also the omen judging point of the rock failure mechanism of rock.If single transmitting AE probe or the sonic probe of arranging in rigid pressure head merely, the AE signal of collection or the acoustic velocity recording by sonic probe can not comprehensive and accurate reflection destructive characteristics points.Therefore,, by being built in AE probe and the sonic probe coupling monitoring device of upper push-down head, solved the related key technical problem in monolithic test specimen triaxial test, especially to solving the objective obtaining value method difficult problem of Engineering Rock Mechanics parameter under specific condition.
5, the acoustics discriminating gear of rock three axle list sample fado level yield points of the present invention, under heavily stressed triaxial test condition, rock is placed in the chamber of high oil pressure by rubber sleeve, effectively solve in the chamber of high oil pressure, acoustic velocity test and the acoustic emission test of rock sample, acoustic emission and sonic probe sealing are packed in rigid pressure head, for atmospheric pressure state, and by embedding at least respectively two wedge-type seal joints in rigid pressure head one side, make three axocoels indoor confined pressure effect wedge shape sealing adaptor and be pressed on rigid pressure head, confined pressure is higher, seal tightr, reinforce rigid pressure head more airtight, the effectively testing tool in protection rigid pressure head, realize common test acoustic emission and acoustic signals in real time, probe test signal logical can be effectively and information lossless ground export.
6, the acoustics discriminating gear of rock three axle list sample fado level yield points of the present invention, by be provided with interior connection road slot in three axle cavity bottom, internally bear high pressure, data line is provided with external connection slot in integrated chassis, acoustic emission probe picks out signal wire, in access, connect road slot, then access external connection slot by cable, and access AE data acquisition system (DAS) and computing machine; And sonic probe picks out signal wire, in access, connect road slot, access external connection slot by cable again, and access sonic apparatus and computing machine, complete acoustic emission and the experiment of sound wave coupling measurement rock failure process simultaneously, and record microfissure acoustic emission number, velocity of wave overall process evolution Feature and rule under different stress paths in brittle rock test specimen.
Brief description of the drawings
The acoustics discriminating gear structural representation of Fig. 1 rock three axle list sample fado level yield points of the present invention.
Three axocoel chambers 1, latch 2, upper rigid pressure head 3, upper rigid pressure head 3 ', rock sample test specimen 4, AE sound send out probe 5, sonic probe 6, interior connection road slot 7,8-external connection slot 8, sonic apparatus 9, AE acquisition system 10, the integrated chassis 11 of data line, wedge-type seal joint 12, wedge-type seal joint 13, acoustic signals external connection 14, acoustic signals internal wiring 15, AE signal external connection 16, AE signal internal wiring 17, force-transmitting pole 18, platen 19, computing machine 20.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention will be further described.
See Fig. 1, the acoustics discriminating gear of rock three axle list sample fado level yield points, three axocoel chambers 1 are airtight container, in it, be full of high oil pressure, on three axocoel chambers 1 are interior, lower two ends be separately installed with rigid pressure head 3 and lower rigid pressure head 3 ', rock sample test specimen 4 be placed on lower rigid pressure head 3 ' on, rock sample test specimen 4 is placed in the three axocoel chambers 1 that are full of high oil pressure all the time, upper rigid pressure head 3 is pressed on rock sample test specimen 4, on upper rigid pressure head 3, be provided with platen 19, latch 2 is fixed on upper platen 19 on upper rigid pressure head 3, in maintenance, platen 19 and upper rigid pressure head 3 positions are placed in the middle, force-transmitting pole 18 is arranged on platen 19, force-transmitting pole 18 pressurizes to platen 19, pressure-acting is in upper rigid pressure head 3 and the rock sample test specimen 4 below it, lower rigid pressure head 3 ' be arranged on the integrated chassis 11 of data line, on the integrated chassis 11 of data line, be provided with interior connection road slot 7, interior connection road slot 7 bears the indoor high oil pressure of three axocoels, the interior external connection slot 8 that arranges in the integrated chassis 11 of data line, interior connection road slot 7 and external connection slot 8 use cables are communicated with, the outer atmospheric pressure normality of external connection slot 8 place's triaxial chambers, interior connection road slot 7 and external connection slot 8 at least arrange respectively four, each interior connection road slot 7 is communicated with corresponding external connection slot 8 respectively.
AE acoustic emission probe 5 and sonic probe 6 are packed in respectively in rigid pressure head 3, in like manner, AE acoustic emission probe 5 and sonic probe 6 seal be respectively packed in lower rigid pressure head 3 ' in.Upper and lower rigid pressure head 3,3 ' can use cast member, put into upper rigid pressure head 3 and the lower rigid pressure head 3 ' sealing of AE acoustic emission probe 5 and sonic probe 6, upper rigid pressure head 3 and lower rigid pressure head 3 ' interior are atmospheric pressure state, upper rigid pressure head 3 and lower rigid pressure head 3 ' in high oil pressure, upper rigid pressure head 3 and lower rigid pressure head 3 ' mono-sides have embedded respectively wedge- type seal joint 12,13, wedge-type seal joint at least arranges two, and wedge- type seal joint 12,13 picks out end and bears the three interior high oil pressure in axocoel chamber 1.
AE acoustic emission probe 5 is connected to signal internal wiring 17, signal internal wiring 17 accesses wedge-type seal joint 12 and picks out signal external connection 16, and connection road slot 7 in access, access AE acquisition system 10 by external connection slot 8 again, acoustic emission signal is outputed to AE acquisition system 10, and is input to computing machine 20 by signal internal wiring 17, wedge-type seal joint 12, signal external connection 16 and interior connection road slot 7, external connection slot 8 by AE acoustic emission probe 5.
Sonic probe 6 is connected to acoustic signals internal wiring 15, acoustic signals internal wiring 15 accesses wedge-type seal joint 13 and picks out acoustic signals external connection 14, and connection road slot 7 in access, access sonic apparatus 9 by external connection slot 8 again, acoustic signals is outputed to sonic apparatus 9, and is input to computing machine 20 by acoustic signals internal wiring 15, wedge-type seal joint 13, acoustic signals external connection 14 and interior connection road slot 7, external connection slot 8 by sonic probe 6.
The acoustics of rock three axle list sample fado level yield points is differentiated, three axocoels are indoor, rock sample test specimen is placed on, between lower two rigid pressure heads, by upper, in lower rigid pressure head, sealing is fixed with AE acoustic emission probe and sonic probe respectively, AE acoustic emission probe and sound wave probe signal line access respectively sonic apparatus and AE acquisition system, in rock axle pressure loading procedure, complete the sonic test of rock microcracks dynamic change simultaneously, acoustic emission test, output rock failure process sound wave, acoustic emission experiment information data, in monitoring Rock Matrix, near the expansion of micro-crack and yield point, characteristics of Acoustic Emission Changing Pattern judges yield point, adopt man-machine interaction mode to stop immediately the loading of this rank axle pressure, the axial compression of carrying out next rank confined pressure loads, the multistage yield point that completes successively rock list sample test specimen is differentiated test.
Claims (3)
1. the acoustics method of discrimination of rock three axle list sample fado level yield points, it is characterized in that: three axocoels are indoor, rock sample test specimen is placed on, between lower two rigid pressure heads, by upper, in lower rigid pressure head, sealing is fixedly mounted with AE acoustic emission probe and sonic probe coupling test device respectively, and bear the indoor high oil pressure of three axocoels, access AE acquisition system and sonic apparatus, in the axial loading procedure of rock, complete rock microcracks dynamic expansion until the acoustic emission test in the overall processes such as yield failure and acoustic velocity test simultaneously, and by experiment information data such as AE acquisition system and sonic apparatus output rock failure process acoustic emission and sound waves, combine judgement yield point according near the characteristics of Acoustic Emission Changing Pattern expansion of micro-crack in Rock Matrix and yield point and acoustic velocity variation characteristic, computer control stops the loading of this rank axle pressure, the axial compression of carrying out next rank confined pressure loads, the multistage yield point that completes successively rock list sample test specimen is differentiated test.
2. the acoustics discriminating gear of a kind of rock three axle list sample fado level yield points according to claim 1, on in three axocoel chambers (1), lower two ends are separately installed with rigid pressure head (3) and lower rigid pressure head (3 '), on upper rigid pressure head (3), be provided with platen (19), latch (2) is fixed on upper platen (19) on upper rigid pressure head (3), force-transmitting pole (18) is arranged on platen (19), lower rigid pressure head (3 ') is arranged on the integrated chassis of data line (11), it is characterized in that: on, lower rigid pressure head (3), in (3 '), sealing is fixed with AE acoustic emission probe (5) and sonic probe (6) respectively, upper rigid pressure head (3) and lower rigid pressure head (3 ') side are embedded in respectively rare two wedge-type seal joints (12), (13), on the integrated chassis of data line (11), be provided with interior connection road slot (7), external connection slot (8) is set in the integrated chassis of data line (11), interior connection road slot (7) and external connection slot (8) are communicated with cable, rock sample test specimen (4) is placed on, between lower two rigid pressure heads (3),
Described AE acoustic emission probe (5) is connected to signal internal wiring (17), signal internal wiring (17) access wedge-type seal joint (12) picks out signal external connection (16), and connection road slot (7) in access, by external connection slot (8) access AE acquisition system (10), AE acquisition system (10) accesses computing machine (20) again;
Described sonic probe (6) is connected to acoustic signals internal wiring (15), acoustic signals internal wiring (15) access wedge-type seal joint (13) picks out acoustic signals external connection (14), and connection road slot (7) in access, by external connection slot (8) access sonic apparatus (9), sonic apparatus (9) accesses computing machine (20) again.
3. the acoustics discriminating gear of a kind of rock three axle list sample fado level yield points according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: interior connection road slot (7) and external connection slot (8) that the integrated chassis of described data line (11) arranges at least arrange respectively four, each interior connection road slot (7) is communicated with corresponding external connection slot (8) respectively.
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