CN103866190A - Low-brittleness 650MPa-grade steel for automotive beams and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-brittleness 650MPa-grade steel for automotive beams and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses low-brittleness 650MPa-grade steel for automotive beams and a preparation method thereof. The steel comprises 0.06-0.08% of C, not more than 0.1% of Si, 1.40-1.60% of Mn, not more than 0.012% of P, not more than 0.005% of S, 0.020-0.070% of Al, 0.035-0.050% of Nb, 0.05-0.075% of Ti, not more than 0.005% of N and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. The steel is prepared by the processes of molten iron desulfurization, converter smelting, vacuum treatment, continuous casting, slab examination and cleaning, slab heating, hot continuous rolling, laminar cooling, reeling and finishing in sequence. The steel has the beneficial effects that the steel has high strength, and the weight reduction effect can be 10-25% when the steel is used for frame design; the steel has good moldability and is suitable for stamping, rolling, bending and other processes; the steel has good low-temperature toughness and is suitable for transportation in cold regions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology field, relate to a kind of vehicle beam steel, be specifically related to a kind of low fragility 650MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Alleviate tare by improving armor plate strength, reach energy-conservation of consumption reduction, reducing environmental pollution is the important topic of current automotive industry research.At home and abroad, mostly present stage is to adopt the certain microalloy element of interpolation to strengthen the intensity of steel.Beam steel, as the safety load-bearing part of passenger-cargo carriage, has very high requirement to performance and plasticity.Domestic each steel mill is all carrying out the research work of related fields.But alloying element used, consumption, which kind of technique are all not quite similar, relevant with equipment of each factory, technology, raw material etc.At present, the production technology of the following rank beam steel of 650MPa is quite ripe, also more extensive in the application of automotive industry.Be limited to the backward molding equipment of domestic automobile industry, generally use at present the manufacture of the following rank steel grade of 650MPa heavily to block crossbeam, working strength scope mainly concentrates on 510MPa～600MPa, and more the range of application of high intensity levels crossbeam is less or in industrial authentication phase.
The vehicle frame that heavily blocks chassis adopts hot rolling automotive frame steel to do, and its frame assembly is divided into longeron, lining beam, crossbeam, stiffener and stiffening plate etc., and each component are to adopt cold stamping shaping or rolling forming mode, the main riveting method that adopts of its assembling.
Automotive frame is the supporting part of passenger-cargo carriage, is also the safety member in vehicle traveling process.In order to improve weight-carrying ability, heavily block the hot-rolled steel sheet manufacture of the general 6～12mm of employing of crossbeam.According to tonnage and the application scenario of heavily blocking, heavily block crossbeam and adopt single-beam or twin beams design.By improving intensity rank, can reduce the thickness of crossbeam, or by twin beams change in design for single-beam design, bring multiple benefits, in alleviating car weight, can reduce oil consumption or increase freight tonnage.The intensity that further increases steel for automobile crossbeam under the condition of prior art condition is the problem that people are studying always.
CN200910272678.4 discloses a kind of tensile strength in 590MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam and manufacture method thereof, its gained steel grade intensity is lower, in chemical composition, adopt micro-titanium processing, titanium Main Function is the inclusion modification such as S, P making in steel, reduces the harm of inclusion, its shape is changed, thereby improve the plasticity of steel, for reaching this object, its content is generally in 0.03% left and right.This steel grade intensity is lower, can not meet modern heavy-duty commercial car manufacturing concern to the high-strength attenuate of steel to adapt to day by day harsh day environmental regulation requirement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of tensile strength at 650MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam, in having higher intensity and good formability, also has good low-temperature flexibility.
Concrete scheme is as follows:
Low fragility 650MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam, its chemical composition is by mass percentage:
C0.06～0.08%, Si<0.1%, Mn1.40～1.60%, P<0.012%, S<0.005%, Al0.020～0.070%, Nb0.035～0.050%, Ti0.05～0.075%, N<0.005%%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
Press such scheme, described low fragility 650MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam process desulfurizing iron, converter smelting, vacuum-treat, continuous casting, slab inspection and cleaning, heating of plate blank, hot continuous rolling, laminar flow is cooling, batches, and finishing makes;
Wherein, after converter smelting, tap and start to add iron alloy at 1/3 o'clock, tap that it is complete to add at 2/3 o'clock, and alloying order is followed successively by ferro-aluminum, ferromanganese, ferro-niobium; Use adds aluminium machine and adds aluminum steel and carry out final deoxygenation, adds ferrotianium, Ferrotitanium particle diameter≤30mm when vacuum-treat;
During Hot Strip Rolling, first continuous casting steel billet is heated in 160～240min to 1230～1280 ℃ and carries out roughing, roughing end temp is controlled at 1040～1140 ℃ and carries out finish rolling again, and finishing temperature is 780～880 ℃.
Press such scheme, it is cooling that described laminar flow is cooled to back segment, and 35 ℃ of the water temperature < of water coolant control speed of cooling >=10 ℃/s.
Press such scheme, coiling temperature is 500～580 ℃.
The preparation method of above-mentioned low fragility 650MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam, comprises desulfurizing iron, converter smelting, and vacuum-treat, continuous casting, slab inspection and cleaning, heating of plate blank, hot continuous rolling, laminar flow is cooling, batches the processing step of finishing; It is characterized in that:
After converter smelting, tap and start to add iron alloy at 1/3 o'clock, tap that it is complete to add at 2/3 o'clock, and alloying order is followed successively by ferro-aluminum, ferromanganese, ferro-niobium; Use adds aluminium machine and adds aluminum steel and carry out final deoxygenation, adds ferrotianium, Ferrotitanium particle diameter≤30mm when vacuum-treat;
In described during Hot Strip Rolling, first continuous casting steel billet is heated in 160～240min to 1230～1280 ℃ and carries out roughing, roughing end temp is controlled at 1040～1140 ℃ and carries out finish rolling again, and finishing temperature is 780～880 ℃.
Press such scheme, the cooling back segment that requires of laminar flow is cooling, 35 ℃ of the water temperature < of water coolant, and controlling speed of cooling is >=10 ℃/s.
Press such scheme, coiling temperature is 500～580 ℃.
Carbon is cheap solution strengthening element.If its content exceedes 0.08%, press formability can reduce; If its content is less than 0.06%, can not meet the requirement of material to intensity, so, its content is limited to 0.06%～0.08% scope.
The generation of element silicon accelerating oxidation iron sheet in course of hot rolling, worsens surface quality, in follow-up punching course, easily comes off, and causes and uses difficulty, so its content is limited to <0.1%.
Manganese is to improve intensity and the most effective element of toughness, can improve intensity-extension balance of steel.But add the manganese of volume, can cause increasing the hardening capacity of steel, Given this, will on it, be defined as 1.60%, so, its content is limited to 1.40%～1.60% scope.
Phosphorus is the harmful element in steel, easily causes center segregation of casting blank, worsens for fear of cold bending performance, toughness, and setting its upper content limit is 0.012%.
Sulphur is the element being harmful to very much.Sulphur in steel often exists with the oxide morphology of manganese, this sulfide inclusion is very disadvantageous to the impelling strength of steel, and causes the anisotropy of performance, along with the raising of beam steel intensity, the expansion of tiny crack is very responsive to inclusion, so sulphur content in steel is controlled at below 0.005%.
Aluminium adds for deoxidation, in the time that Als contains quantity not sufficient 0.020%, can not bring into play its effect; On the other hand, because the aluminium that adds volume easily forms aluminum oxide agglomerate, so, on regulation Als, be limited to 0.070%.Therefore, Als content is limited to 0.020%～0.070% scope.
Niobium is indispensable element in crystallization controlled rolling, in thermomechanical processing, crystal grain thinning, reduction austenite are to ferritic transition temperature and precipitation strength, therefore in steel, add trace alloying element niobium and can be convenient to the carrying out of controlled rolling, and improve intensity and the toughness of steel plate.So the consideration of the aspects such as comprehensive mechanical property of steel plate and cost, is limited to 0.035～0.050% scope by its content.
Titanium is cheap alloy strengthening element, with carbon with nitrogen is compound separates out, and not only crystal grain thinning, and in deformation process, hinder dislocation moving.For making full use of the strengthening effect of titanium, stipulate to be limited to 0.05% under it, for avoiding too high titanium to cause toughness to worsen, stipulate to be limited to 0.075% on it.So, its content is limited to 0.05～0.075% scope.
The avidity of nitrogen element and titanium elements is very strong, is combined forms large size inclusion metallic for fear of nitrogen with titanium, is limited to <0.005%.
In patent of the present invention, on Composition Design, due to the raising of steel-making level, S, P content itself can be controlled in very low level, it is purer that steel becomes, Ti adds as alloy strengthening element, simultaneously, in order to guarantee effectively separating out of Ti element, N unit is have to strict requirement, avoid N element and Ti to form large-sized TiN inclusion metallic, in hot rolling technology design, in order to guarantee that the Ti compound in steel billet fully dissolves, in heating steel billet process, to Heating temperature with there is special requirement heat-up time, simultaneously in order fully to improve the plasticity of steel plate, in the laminar flow type of cooling, do not adopt leading portion cooling, but use the back segment type of cooling.
Along with titanium content increases, slab heating temperature needs to improve, object is that the compound in order to guarantee titanium fully dissolves, in this patent, require 1230～1280 ℃, if lower than 1230 ℃, titaniferous compound dissolves insufficient in heat-processed, in rolling process, exists with large-sized titaniferous compound, affects its precipitating reinforcing effect.
To upper existence requirement heat-up time, exceed 240 minutes heat-up time, austenite crystal is too grown up, cause strength decreased, simultaneously billet surface forms excessive iron scale, easy-clear not in de-scaling process, when steel rolling, iron scale is rolled into steel plate, forms hole shape defect on surface.
The cooling employing back segment of the laminar flow type of cooling, compares the leading portion type of cooling, and the cooling elder generation of back segment is cooling again after air cooling after a while, and therefore the cooling cooling intensity of back segment is lower, can improve the unit elongation of steel, can reduce steel plate internal stress simultaneously, improves toughness.
Coiling temperature is set in 500～580 ℃, is beneficial to the formation of bainite structure, and the toughness of bainite structure is better than pearlitic structure.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1) intensity is high, can reach 10%～25% at Vehicle Frame Design weight loss effect;
2) good moldability, is applicable to the techniques such as punching press, roll-in, bending;
3) low-temperature flexibility is good, is applicable to the transportation of cold district.
Embodiment
Following examples are further to understand technical scheme of the present invention, not as the restriction to protection domain.
Low fragility 650MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam, its chemical composition is by mass percentage:
C0.06～0.08%, Si<0.1%, Mn1.40～1.60%, P<0.012%, S<0.005%, Al0.020～0.070%, Nb0.035～0.050%, Ti0.05～0.075%, N<0.005%%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
Its process desulfurizing iron, converter smelting, vacuum-treat, continuous casting, slab inspection and cleaning, heating of plate blank, hot continuous rolling, laminar flow is cooling, batches, and finishing makes.
After preparation process control converter smelting, tap and start to add iron alloy at 1/3 o'clock, tap that it is complete to add at 2/3 o'clock, and alloying order is followed successively by ferro-aluminum, ferromanganese, ferro-niobium; Use adds aluminium machine and adds aluminum steel and carry out final deoxygenation, adds ferrotianium, Ferrotitanium particle diameter≤30mm when vacuum-treat.During Hot Strip Rolling, first continuous casting steel billet is heated in 160～240min to 1230～1280 ℃ and carries out roughing, roughing end temp is controlled at 1040～1140 ℃ and carries out finish rolling again, and finishing temperature is 780～880 ℃.
In order to improve the utilization ratio of effective titanium, Ferrotitanium particle diameter≤30mm.Because the avidity of titanium and oxygen is very strong, must in the vacuum-treat link after deoxidation, in molten steel, add titanium, avoid titanium and oxygen to form compound, floating enters covering slag.Hot continuous rolling controlling of production process is very important, for realizing ferrite and the bainite structure of low alloy steel of the present invention, the present invention adopts and reheats the control of original austenite structure refinement, form complex chemical compound with carbon, nitrogen respectively by niobium and titanium, in rolling and process of cooling, separate out, its precipitate hinders grain growth, thereby realizes grain refining.
Along with titanium content increases, slab heating temperature needs to improve, object is that the compound in order to guarantee titanium fully dissolves, in this patent, require 1230～1280 ℃, if lower than 1230 ℃, titaniferous compound dissolves insufficient in heat-processed, in rolling process, exists with large-sized titaniferous compound, affects its precipitating reinforcing effect.To upper existence requirement heat-up time, exceed 240 minutes heat-up time, austenite crystal is too grown up, cause strength decreased, simultaneously billet surface forms excessive iron scale, easy-clear not in de-scaling process, when steel rolling, iron scale is rolled into steel plate, forms hole shape defect on surface.
35 ℃ of the water temperature < of water coolant in laminar cooling process, control speed of cooling >=10 ℃/s, adopt the back segment type of cooling.Compare the leading portion type of cooling, the cooling elder generation of back segment is cooling again after air cooling after a while, and therefore the cooling cooling intensity of back segment is lower, can improve the unit elongation of steel, can reduce steel plate internal stress simultaneously, improves toughness.
Coiling temperature is 500～580 ℃.Be beneficial to the formation of bainite structure, the toughness of bainite structure is better than pearlitic structure.
Metallographic detected result shows, this steel be organized as ferrite and bainite.Tension test shows, this hardness of steel is high, and yield tensile ratio is high, has good non-deformability.Wide cold bending test shows, even be still up to the standards, to have good cold shaping performance under the condition of d=0.
Embodiment
Prepare low fragility 650MPa level hot rolling automotive frame steel by the specific chemical composition shown in table 1.Preparation process is as follows:
In 90 tons of steelworkss and 250 tons of converters, carry out top bottom blowing, adopt Desulphurization of Pig Iron, make S≤0.005% in molten iron; After stove, tap and start to add iron alloy at 1/3 o'clock, tap and add complete at 2/3 o'clock, alloying order: ferro-aluminum → ferromanganese → ferro-niobium, use adds aluminium machine and adds aluminum steel and carry out final deoxygenation, in the time of vacuum-treat, add titanium, and to carrying out trimming, making chemical composition in steel meet the requirement of table 1, surplus is Fe and is inevitably mingled with; Again the pouring molten steel of composition shown in table 1 is become to the slab of 230～250mm × 1050～2150mm section; Then slab is delivered to hot rolling mill, on 2250mm milling train, carry out hot continuous rolling, be rolled into hot-rolled sheet coil, then carry out finishing; First continuous casting steel billet is heated in 160～240min to 1230～1280 ℃ and carries out roughing, end temp is 1040～1140 ℃, carry out again finish rolling, finishing temperature is 780～880 ℃, the cooling mode of the cooling employing back segment of control laminar flow after rolling with steel, 35 ℃ of the water temperature < of water coolant, controlling speed of cooling is >=10 ℃/s, coiling temperature is 500～580 ℃.Rolled iron twists in finishing line and carries out surface quality inspection, and further controls plate shape well, finally obtains the hot rolled coil of 3～8mm.
Table 1
| Composition | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Als | Nb | Ti | N |
| 1 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 1.42 | 0.011 | 0.003 | 0.047 | 0.035 | 0.053 | 0.004 |
| 2 | 0.063 | 0.03 | 1.47 | 0.009 | 0.004 | 0.045 | 0.037 | 0.062 | 0.0034 |
| 3 | 0.067 | 0.05 | 1.55 | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.051 | 0.041 | 0.071 | 0.0035 |
| 4 | 0.073 | 0.05 | 1.60 | 0.011 | 0.002 | 0.060 | 0.048 | 0.69 | 0.0021 |
| 5 | 0.080 | 0.04 | 1.58 | 0.010 | 0.002 | 0.042 | 0.050 | 0.075 | 0.0037 |
In above-mentioned table 1, five groups of each constituent contents of embodiment are all calculated in mass percent, and the performance of its corresponding product is shown in Table 2.Wherein, lower yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, 180 ° of wide clod washes ,-60 ℃ of ballistic works are all carried out according to national standard.
Table 2
Can find out by table 2, the lower yield strength of embodiments of the invention steel product is between 600～720MPa, and tensile strength is between 680～780MPa, and elongation is between 18%～27%.Its tensile strength Schwellenwert is 680MPa, higher than the average strength 655MPa of patent CN200910272678.4 noted earlier, shows that the intensity rank of steel grade has promoted a grade.By the adjustment of each composition, design and the technique that composition adapts, be significantly improved the intensity of steel grade, and unit elongation is obviously reduced, and has good low-temperature flexibility simultaneously, and-60 ℃ of ballistic works are 70J, have realized the matched well of intensity and toughness.
Claims (7)
1. a low fragility 650MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam, is characterized in that chemical composition is by mass percentage:
C0.06～0.08%, Si<0.1%, Mn1.40～1.60%, P<0.012%, S<0.005%, Al0.020～0.070%, Nb0.035～0.050%, Ti0.05～0.075%, N<0.005%%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
2. low fragility 650MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described low fragility 650MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam is cooling by desulfurizing iron, converter smelting, vacuum-treat, continuous casting, slab inspection and cleaning, heating of plate blank, hot continuous rolling, laminar flow, batches, finishing is prepared and obtains successively;
Wherein, after described converter smelting, tap and start to add iron alloy at 1/3 o'clock, tap that it is complete to add at 2/3 o'clock, and alloying order is followed successively by ferro-aluminum, ferromanganese, ferro-niobium; Use adds aluminium machine and adds aluminum steel and carry out final deoxygenation, adds ferrotianium, Ferrotitanium particle diameter≤30mm when vacuum-treat;
In described during Hot Strip Rolling, first continuous casting steel billet is heated in 160～240min to 1230～1280 ℃ and carries out roughing, roughing end temp is controlled at 1040～1140 ℃ and carries out finish rolling again, and finishing temperature is 780～880 ℃.
3. low fragility 650MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that described laminar flow is cooled to back segment cooling, and 35 ℃ of the water temperature < of water coolant control speed of cooling >=10 ℃/s.
4. low fragility 650MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that coiling temperature is 500～580 ℃.
5. the preparation method of low fragility 650MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam claimed in claim 1, comprises that desulfurizing iron, converter smelting, vacuum-treat, continuous casting, slab inspection and cleaning, heating of plate blank, hot continuous rolling, laminar flow are cooling, batches, the processing step of finishing; It is characterized in that:
After described converter smelting, tap and start to add iron alloy at 1/3 o'clock, tap that it is complete to add at 2/3 o'clock, and alloying order is followed successively by ferro-aluminum, ferromanganese, ferro-niobium; Use adds aluminium machine and adds aluminum steel and carry out final deoxygenation, adds ferrotianium, Ferrotitanium particle diameter≤30mm when vacuum-treat;
In described during Hot Strip Rolling, first continuous casting steel billet is heated in 160～240min to 1230～1280 ℃ and carries out roughing, roughing end temp is controlled at 1040～1140 ℃ and carries out finish rolling again, and finishing temperature is 780～880 ℃.
6. low fragility 650MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam preparation method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that laminar flow is cooled to back segment cooling, and 35 ℃ of the water temperature < of water coolant control speed of cooling >=10 ℃/s.
7. low fragility 650MPa level steel for automobile crossbeam preparation method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that coiling temperature is 500～580 ℃.
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| CN104805359A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-07-29 | 东北大学 | Automobile beam steel with tensile strength of 610MPa and preparation method for automobile beam steel |
| CN104988398A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-10-21 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | 610MPa-grade automobile frame steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN109023111A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2018-12-18 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | A kind of 1000MPa grades of hot rolling automotive frame steel and its manufacturing method |
| CN113549843A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-26 | 重庆钢铁股份有限公司 | 610L automobile beam steel belt and manufacturing and application thereof |
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| CN103866190B (en) | 2016-07-13 |
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