CN103842618B - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN103842618B CN103842618B CN201280036106.6A CN201280036106A CN103842618B CN 103842618 B CN103842618 B CN 103842618B CN 201280036106 A CN201280036106 A CN 201280036106A CN 103842618 B CN103842618 B CN 103842618B
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- cylinder
- piston
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- bent axle
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008450 motivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B7/00—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
- F01B7/02—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B7/00—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
- F01B7/02—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons
- F01B7/04—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons acting on same main shaft
- F01B7/06—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons acting on same main shaft using only connecting-rods for conversion of reciprocatory into rotary motion or vice versa
- F01B7/08—Machines or engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders with oppositely reciprocating pistons acting on same main shaft using only connecting-rods for conversion of reciprocatory into rotary motion or vice versa with side rods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/28—Engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/28—Engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders
- F02B75/282—Engines with two or more pistons reciprocating within same cylinder or within essentially coaxial cylinders the pistons having equal strokes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/14—Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines; Mounting of injectors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Internal combustion engine includes: at least one cylinder (12)；And pair of pistons (16,18), this is positioned at cylinder toward each other and can move back and forth to piston (16,18), and this is to being formed with combustor (28) between piston (16,18).Electromotor has at least one fuel injector (34), it is at least partially situated in cylinder, fuel injector has nozzle (38), nozzle (38) is positioned in combustor and fuel is discharged in combustor by nozzle (38), in wherein nozzle (38) is directly exposed to combustor (28).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to internal combustion engine.More particularly it relates to have the internal combustion engine of relative piston configuration.
Background technology
WO2008/149061(Cox transmission (Cox Powertrain)) describe a kind of 2 cylinder 2 strokes and directly spray
Formula internal combustion engine.The two cylinder is horizontally opposed, and there is work relative, that can move back and forth in each cylinder
Plug, above-mentioned piston forms combustor in-between.Piston drives the central bent axle between the two cylinder.Interior in each cylinder
Piston (i.e. closer to the piston of bent axle) drives bent axle by two parallel Scotland yoke mechanisms.Outer piston in each cylinder
Driving bent axle by the 3rd Scotland yoke, wherein the 3rd Scotland yoke is by being nested in interior work through the drive link at inner carrier center
Between above-mentioned two Scotland yoke mechanism of plug.Drive link is that hollow tubular form and fuel are by being contained in drive link
Fuel injector is injected in combustor.The wall of drive link has a series of hole being spaced at periphery, and fuel passes through these
Hole is the most outwards penetrated to combustor.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates generally to the internal combustion engine that piston is relative, and it has the fuel injector being arranged in each cylinder,
The combustion between piston that is relative and that can move back and forth at two in the cylinder is formed to inject fuel directly into
Burn in room.The present invention is the development of the electromotor configuration described in WO2008/149061, and the present invention manages to provide holding
The advantage of front engine, i.e. have high-power output weight ratio closely and effective electromotor, and provide additionally
Advantage.
In the first aspect, the invention provides a kind of internal combustion engine, comprising: at least one cylinder；Pair of pistons, is positioned at
Cylinder is interior and relative to each other and can move back and forth, and this is to being formed with combustor between piston；And set at least in part
Putting at least one fuel injector in cylinder, fuel injector has nozzle, and nozzle is positioned in combustor and fuel
Being expelled in combustor by nozzle, wherein nozzle is directly exposed in combustor.
By the nozzle of ejector directly being exposed to combustor (the most actually making nozzle be positioned at combustor), it is to avoid
To being sprayed the needs of fuel by the hole in wall, this is contrary with the layout of above-mentioned prior art, in the layout of prior art
In, ejector is contained in center driven bar.This results in simpler structure, the fuel injection of improvement, air movement, with
And combustion characteristics, and more conventional ejector can be used.
Specifically, in the case of using an ejector.Ejector be preferably placed at the central axial line of piston/cylinder or
Proximate to it.Injector nozzle is usually located at one end (one end in projection to the cylinder) place of ejector.
The design of the present invention is suitable to (CI&HCCI) electromotor and spark ignition (SI) and ignition spark-assist electromotor.?
In CI embodiment, fuel by cycle of engine two pistons closest to and combustion chamber volume minimum moment by normally
Spray to combustor.The nozzle of ejector this moment in the circulating cycle will be positioned in combustor.For HCCI and SI
Modification, injection is likely to occur earlier in the circulating cycle, it is likely that carry out when air inlet starts.
The nozzle of fuel injector preferably from the end face of the housing of ejector on the direction of cylinder axis outwardly.Spray
Mouth can have a series of hole at its perimeter, and fuel is expelled in combustor the most radially by this series of hole.Excellent
Selection of land, has valve (such as needle valve) in nozzle, this valve can operate, to control the fuel to hole supply pressurization.Can pass
System mode controls fuel supply.
In some embodiments, fuel injector is fixed on the end of cylinder, is normally fixed to the structural portion fixed
Part, and from this one end along the central axial line of cylinder or with the central axial line projection abreast of cylinder to cylinder so that ejector
Nozzle is positioned at fixed position, and wherein injector nozzle is positioned at combustor in whole cycle of engine.In this case, spray
Emitter extends through the immediate piston in one end of the ejector prominence with cylinder, and this piston is configured to along ejector
Housing moves back and forth.
In substitutability is arranged, fuel injector moves together with one of piston.It can be fixed to piston, to live with this
Plug moves in complete piston stroke together, or alternately, can move in only a part piston stroke together with piston.
Generally, the motion of piston drives the bent axle being positioned at cylinder end, the immediate piston with the crankshaft end of cylinder
It is referred to as " inner carrier ", and is referred to as " outer piston " from the piston that bent axle is farthest.Fuel injector or each fuel injector can
It is associated with outer piston or inner carrier.
Especially fix and the piston (such as outer piston) that is associated moves back and forth along case of sprayer at ejector
In the case of, ejector is the most cooled.Can be by (such as engine oil, starting to case of sprayer internal supply coolant
Machine coolant, former water cooling such as sea water or fuel) cooling is provided.
One of piston carry out on case of sprayer reciprocating in the case of, the outer surface of case of sprayer preferably carries
For running surface, piston can slide along this running surface.Sealing can be provided between piston and the running surface of case of sprayer
The most one or more sealing ring of system, with limit burning gases spill and lubricating oil enter combustor.
Ejector can be fixed to the outside of engine structure by any suitable coupling arrangement.In some cases, may be used
Desirably to use such coupling arrangement, it allows ejector to become to be parallel to the central axial line of cylinder also by oneself autoregistration
Adapt to thermal deformation and the tolerance of piston associated there.Such as, (this kind of connection of Euclidean (Oldham) coupling device can be used
Device allows ejector to move in the face vertical with its axis, and allows desired alignment, and prevents the shifting along its axis
Dynamic).
In the case of piston drives bent axle, any suitable driven linkage can be used for reciprocal fortune contrary for piston
The dynamic rotary motion being converted into bent axle.But, in a preferred embodiment, employ Scotland yoke mechanism.Employing Soviet Union's lattice
In the case of Lan E mechanism, at least must there be at least one the Soviet Union's lattice driving bent axle for inner carrier (i.e. closest to the piston of bent axle)
Blue yoke and at least one Scotland yoke for outer piston driving bent axle.But, in order to avoid the less desirable injustice on outer piston
The power of weighing apparatus, is avoiding the need in the case of the center driven bar of cylinder, and more preferably outer piston passes through two Scotland
Yoke drives bent axle, and the either side of cylinder has Scotland yoke and it is by the respective connection being positioned on cylinder opposition side
Component is connected to outer piston.Connecting elements can be such as be positioned at cylinder edge or near cylinder edge be positioned at cylinder
Interior bar or sleeve part.It is further preferred that connecting elements is positioned at outside cylinder.Connecting elements such as can include one or more driving
Bar.
In second aspect, the invention provides a kind of internal combustion engine, comprising: at least one cylinder；It is arranged on cylinder one
Bent axle at end；It is positioned at the relative to each other of cylinder and two pistons that can move back and forth, shape between the two piston
Become combuster；And be arranged on the central axial line of cylinder or at least one fuel parallel with the central axial line of cylinder injection
Device, this at least one fuel injector arrangement becomes in fuel injection to combustor, and wherein piston drives linkage by respective
Device drives the bent axle being arranged on cylinder end, and the driven linkage for the piston (outer piston) farthest from bent axle is positioned at
Outside cylinder.
The linkage for outer piston it is positioned at outside cylinder, it is to avoid to any driving through inner casing by offer
The needs of bar.One or more drive links without pass through combustor also allow for more easy, traditional Combustion chamber design, interior
The simpler cooling of piston, eliminates the blow-by gas pathway of crankcase and eliminates the heat loss of drive link.Use outer link device
Also mean that ejector to position (or the centre near piston) relative to its centre and not interfere with.
Such as the situation of the embodiment of above-mentioned first aspect, any suitable driven linkage can be used for piston
Contrary reciprocating motion is converted into the rotary motion of bent axle, but Scotland yoke mechanism is preferred.Such as, outer piston can be by two
Individual Scotland yoke drives bent axle, and the either side of cylinder has one of the two Scotland yoke, and the two Scotland yoke passes through
External drive linkage is connected to outer piston.External drive linkage can include the connection structure being positioned on cylinder either side
Part, the most one or more drive rods.
When single-cylinder configuration is possible, according to a first aspect of the present invention and/or embodiment excellent of second aspect
Publish motivation and include multiple cylinder, such as two cylinders, four cylinders, six cylinders, eight cylinders or more.
In the case of multiple cylinders are used, the aspect such as balance in the overall shape of electromotor and size, power provides
The various configurations of different benefits are all possible.Exemplary configuration includes, but is not limited to coaxial and relative cylinder to (such as
' horizontal dual cylinder ', ' horizontal four cylinders ' etc.), ' straight ' configuration side by side of all cylinders, there are two in line and ' U ' configurations of exhaust casing
(such as ' square 4 '), ' V ' configuration and ' W ' configure (inblock cylinder that i.e. two neighbouring ' V ' configures) and radial configuration.Root
According to configuration, multiple cylinders can drive a bent axle or multiple bent axle.Generally ' horizontal ' configuration, ' straight ' configuration, ' V ' configuration and
Radial configuration has a bent axle, and ' U ' configuration and ' W ' configuration have two bent axles, one bent axle of every exhaust casing.At this
In some bright embodiments, two engine units with mutually despun bent axle can be used (the most each to have one
Or multiple cylinder), the output shaft being shared that mutually the most despun bent axle is driven by conical tooth roller box.This layout has
Following benefit: balance moment of torsion recoil effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below with reference to accompanying drawings, embodiments of the present invention are described by way of example, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the horizontal four-banger configuration according to embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of the electromotor of Fig. 1 of the line z-z along Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of the electromotor of Fig. 1 of the center line of a pair relative cylinder along the lower side shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the isometric view of the electromotor of Fig. 1；
Fig. 5 is the simplified plan view of the critical component (becoming assembling form) of the electromotor of Fig. 1, including bent axle, Su Ge
Blue yoke, piston, drive rod and fuel injector；
Fig. 6 is the simplification isometric view of the critical component shown in Fig. 5；And
Fig. 7 (a) to Fig. 7 (m) shows that the electromotor of Fig. 1 cylinder of figure lower left from circulation has minimum combustor and holds
It is long-pending that (' top dead-centre (top dead centre) ' or ' TDC ' use this term (TDC) to be infra for being referred to as the sake of convenience
Because it would be recognized by those skilled in the art that this is and the simulation point of the operation circulation for more conventional the electromotor arranged)
Moment start bent axle be respectively at 0 °, 30 °, 60 °, 90 °, 120 °, 150 °, 180 °, 210 °, 240 °, 272 °, 300 °, 330 °,
The complete snapshot rotated of 360 °.
Detailed description of the invention
Here being used for illustrating embodiments of the present invention is 2 strokes, direct injection four cylinder engine.This electromotor is configured to tool
There is the cylinder of two pairs of level of relative.Cylinder is arranged side by side by a pair cylinder with another, to form ' horizontal four cylinder (flat
Four) ' configuration.As Fig. 4 is best shown at, this arrangement provides the electromotor with the total envelope of low section, this low section is total
Envelope is favourable for some application (being used for example as outside marine engine).Electromotor according to embodiment of the present invention
Also act as other offshore applications and land vehicle and the propelling of aircraft or power generation unit.
In more detail, referring initially to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, electromotor 10 includes four cylinders 12, its centrally disposed bent axle 14 weeks
Enclosing, central authorities' bent axle 14 is mounted for around axis z-z(with reference to Fig. 1) rotate.It is positioned at the two of bent axle side bottom Fig. 1
Individual cylinder is a pair relative cylinder, and is that another is to relative cylinder towards two other cylinder at Fig. 1 top.
There is in each cylinder two pistons, inner carrier 16 and outer piston 18.Two piston phases each other in each cylinder
To and move back and forth in opposite direction, be 180 degree of out-phase in this example.
Each piston has bizet 20,22, and skirt section 24,26, and wherein the bizet of the two piston is toward each other, and skirt
Portion 24, skirt section 26 are cantilevered out from bizet.In this example, the bizet 26 of outer piston is substantially flat and the bizet 24 of inner carrier is ring-type
Sinking, this ring-type sinking has substantially water-drop-shaped cross section.At top dead center, when piston bizet each other closest to (almost in contact with)
Time, relative bizet 24,26 limits toroidal combustion chamber 28, and fuel is injected in toroidal combustion chamber 28.
As described in greater detail, upper left side cylinder as shown in Figure 1 and lower right cylinder, when piston is in its circulation
In be spaced farthest with maximum position (" bottom dead centre (the bottom dead accommodating volume limiting in cylinder
Centre), time "), the bizet of piston is respectively facing the inner of cylinder and outer end and returns enough remote, to expose air inlet 30 and aerofluxus
Mouth 32.When piston 16,18 moves towards each other in the compression stroke of circulation, the skirt section of piston covers and closes off these gas
Mouthful, air inlet 30 is closed in the skirt section 24 of inner carrier 16 and air vent 32 is closed in the skirt section 26 of outer piston 18.As Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is optimal
Illustrating, air vent 32 has bigger axial length (i.e. along the size in longitudinal axis direction of cylinder) than air inlet, so that
The longer time is opened and stayed open to air vent earlier than air inlet, to contribute to the scavenging of cylinder.
Be associated with each cylinder 12 is fuel injector 34.Fuel injector 34 has a cylindrical shell 36, and
Its end has injector nozzle 38.Fuel is supplied to nozzle by case of sprayer the most under pressure.
Nozzle 38 highlights from the end face of case of sprayer 36, and has in the equally spaced a series of holes of its perimeter, and fuel is by being somebody's turn to do
A series of holes are sprayed in a generally radial direction.Nozzle is opened by needle valve (not shown) and is closed.When needle valve is opened, combustion
Material is injected by this some holes under pressure.Opening and closing of needle valve can be controlled in a conventional manner.In using, can lead to
Cross supply coolant and carry out case of sprayer, wherein coolant can be such as fuel or engine coolant (although in some feelings
Under condition, this is unwanted).
Fuel injector 34 is installed along the central axial line of cylinder 12.In this example, the outer end of ejector 34 is fixed to position
Parts 40 in cylinder outer end (i.e. one end contrary with bent axle 14 of cylinder).Ejector 34 extends through in outer piston bizet 22
Central opening 42 so that the inner of ejector is positioned at the centre of cylinder 12, wherein nozzle 38 is prominent from the inner of ejector.
More specifically, as shown in the lower left cylinder of Fig. 1 and the left side cylinder of upper right side cylinder and Fig. 2, when piston 16,18 be in upper extremely
During point, in the nozzle 38 of fuel injector 34 is directly in toroidal combustion chamber 28 and fuel can from nozzle 38 laterally spray to
In combustor 28.
During central injection device described here is arranged, ejector 34 is secured in place and at electromotor 10
In operating process, outer piston 18 is along the outer side shifting of case of sprayer 36.Suitable sealing member 44 is arranged on outer piston bizet 22
Opening 42 perimeter, to maintain piston crown 22 and ejector when piston 18 is along case of sprayer 36 front-rear reciprocation movement
Sealing between housing 36, thus avoid or at least minimize the gas-pressurized from cylinder internal leakage and prevent oil from entering burning
Room.
Except the outer surface of case of sprayer be configured to allow for piston 18 sliding contact in addition to, fuel injector 34 self can
There is conventional construction.Generally injected fuel spray will become multiple radial pattern, and the most the plurality of radial jet is at ejector
Nozzle ambient separation open and pass through valve and arrange that (such as including pin and the needle valve in seat portion, wherein pin engages with seat portion
To close valve) it is controlled.Fuel injector such as can be accommodated in the conventional injector in sleeve, and this sleeve provides so
Shell body, piston slides along this shell body.In this arrangement, the nozzle of conventional injector is prominent from one end of sleeve.Spray
Emitter can by be positioned at the coolant of sleeve around, but this most also can need not.Alternately, can make
With the ejector of customization, it has such main body, and this main body provides running surface outside it, and not necessarily in this spray
Cool down in emitter, but internals can be still traditional in this case.
In this example, piston 16,18 arranges 50,52,54,56 driving bent axles 14 by four Scotland yokes, wherein should
Four Scotland yokes arrange that 50,52,54,56 are arranged on bent axle 14 on eccentric part 58 respectively.In Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 best seen from
Connection between piston 16,18 and Scotland yoke 50,52,54,56, in particular for the connection of outer piston 18.In this example
In, as explained in further detail below, Scotland yoke is shared by multiple pistons, so that the number of Scotland yoke minimizes,
And thus make the Len req of bent axle minimize, thus provide greater compactness of design.
Position, the direction used below and elsewhere/relatively (on " ", D score, "left", "right" etc.) refer to
It is the relative position of parts shown in the drawings, and it is not considered that infer any particular orientation of electromotor, or the portion of electromotor
Part position in space.
With reference to Fig. 5, it can be observed that four Scotland yokes 50,52,54,56 are connected to bent axle 14, and wherein bent axle 14 is vertical
Extend through the centre of accompanying drawing.
First Scotland yoke 50(is positioned at the top of Fig. 5) be connected to neighbouring with one end of bent axle 14.Drive rod 60 will
This Scotland yoke 50 is connected to outer piston 18a, 18b(of two upsides cylinder 12a, 12b as shown in Figure 5).As Fig. 6 most preferably shows
Going out, there are two drive rods 60 in each outer piston 18a, 18b, drive rod 60 is fixed to the neighbouring turning of connecting plate 72a, 72b
(turning, top side in Fig. 1, towards the top of bent axle), connecting plate 72a, 72b self are fixed to piston 18a, 18b.Connecting plate
72a, 72b extend beyond the neighboring of cylinder 12, so that drive rod 60 is from the turning of plate 72a, 72b along the outside of cylinder (i.e.
Externally) extend.
Second Scotland yoke 52 is positioned at two upsides and is connected between cylinder 12a, 12b and by drive rod 62 respectively
Inner carrier 16a, 16b(Fig. 1 of the two cylinder is clearly shown that).Drive rod 62 is from the centre of inner carrier 16a, 16b
Extend to the connecting portion of itself and Scotland yoke 52.Advantageously, second Scotland yoke 52 is connected to downside also by drive rod 64
Outer piston is to 18c, 18d.Being similar to and drive rod 60 discussed above, there are two bars 64 in each piston, bar 64 is from respective company
Neighbouring turning (being immediate two turnings in this case with the midpoint of the bent axle) place of fishplate bar 72c, 72d extends, its
Middle connecting plate 72c, 72d are fixed to the outer end of outer piston 18c, 18d.
3rd Scotland yoke 54 is positioned at two downsides and is connected between cylinder 12a, 12d and by drive rod 66 respectively
Inner carrier 16a, 16b(of the two cylinder are clearly shown that the most in FIG).Drive rod 66 is from inner carrier 16c, 16d
Centre extends to the connecting portion of itself and Scotland yoke 54.Being similar to second Scotland yoke 52, the 3rd Scotland yoke is by driving
Bar 68 is additionally connect to upside outer piston to 18a, 18b.There are two bars 68 in each piston, bar 68 is from connecting plate 72a, 72b
Two other neighbouring turning is (with the turning of drive rod 60 extended spot (i.e. immediate two turnings with the midpoint of bent axle) phase
Instead) place extends.
Shown in Fig. 5, the 4th Scotland yoke 56 is in the lower end of bent axle 14.This Scotland yoke 56 is by for each work
Another of plug 18c, 18d is connected to the outer piston of downside to 18c, 18d to drive rod 70.These bars be connected to connecting plate 72c,
Each lower corners (i.e. contrary with connecting the turning having drive rod 64 turning) of 72d, wherein connecting plate 72c, 72d is fixed to
The outer piston of downside is to 18c, 18d.
Connecting plate 72 is determined shape, puts down each other so that being connected to the drive rod at immediate turning with the midpoint of bent axle
Go and side by side and the most do not interfere during piston movement.
Therefore, upside outer piston 18a, 18d are all connected to first Scotland yoke 50 by first pair of drive rod 60 and pass through
Second pair of drive rod 68 is connected to the 3rd Scotland yoke 54.Outer piston 18c, 18d are all connected by first pair of drive rod 70 in downside
It is connected to second Scotland yoke 52 to the 4th Scotland yoke 56 and by second pair of drive rod 64.Inner carrier 16a, 16b are logical in upside
Cross respective center driven bar 62 and be connected to second Scotland yoke 52, and downside inner carrier 16c, 16d are by respective central authorities
Drive rod 66 is connected to the 3rd Scotland yoke 54.
In other words, first Scotland yoke 50 is driven by upside outer piston 18a, 18b, and second Scotland yoke 52 passes through upside
Inner carrier 16a, 16b and downside outer piston 18c, 18d drive, the 3rd Scotland yoke 54 by downside inner carrier 16c, 16d and on
Side outer piston 18a, 18b drive, and the 4th Scotland yoke is driven by downside outer piston 18c, 18d.
As it has been described above, reduce, by sharing Scotland yoke between inner carrier and outer piston, the Scotland that otherwise will need
Yoke number, so that the Len req of bent axle minimizes.
The inner carrier of a pair relative cylinder is with another crosslinking realized the outer piston of relative cylinder by Scotland yoke also
Contribute to making the piston stabilisation in cylinder, thus prevent piston being not intended to around the axis vertical with the central axial line of cylinder
Some rotations.This layout is also used for positioning yoke slider, thus avoids the need for other features (such as track or column table
Face) position yoke slider.
The operation of electromotor
Fig. 7 shows the operation of electromotor in a complete bent axle rotates.Specifically, Fig. 7 (a) to Fig. 7 (m) with
The increment of 30 ° shows the position of piston.
The Fig. 7 (a) being in 0 ° of ADC shows that being in 0 crank position (at random limits in the lower left cylinder 12c of Fig. 5
For TDC) electromotor.In this position, lower left outer piston 18c and lower left inner carrier 16c is in its hithermost point.In example
In the direct injection ic engine shown, about at this crankshaft rotation angle, fuel delivery will be injected in the cylinder of lower left, and fire
The boiled beginning.Now, air vent 32 and the air inlet 30 of lower left cylinder is completely enclosed by outer piston and inner carrier respectively.
In the Fig. 7 (b) being in 30 ° of ADC, when power stroke starts, inner carrier and the outer piston of lower left cylinder divide
From.
In the Fig. 7 (c) being in 60 ° of ADC, lower left cylinder continues its power stroke, and two pistons have equal
But speed in opposite direction.
In the Fig. 7 (d) being in 90 ° of ADC, lower left cylinder continues its power stroke.
In the Fig. 7 (e) being in 120 ° of ADC, the outer piston of lower left cylinder has the air vent 32 opened, and air inlet
Mouth is still closed.Under this " aerofluxus (blowdown) " situation, from combustor expanding gas kinetic energy a part such as
Fruit expectation can be reclaimed by turbocharger (" pulse " turbocharging) in outside, such as compressing next time.
In the Fig. 7 (f) being in 150 ° of ADC, the inner carrier of lower left cylinder has opened air vent 32, and cylinder is just
By single current scavenging (uniflow scavenged).
In the Fig. 7 (g) being in 180 ° of ADC, the inner carrier of lower left cylinder and outer piston cause air inlet 30 and aerofluxus
Mouth 32 all stays open and continues single current scavenging.These pistons are in bottom dead centre.
In the Fig. 7 (h) being in 210 ° of ADC, in the cylinder of lower left, two groups of QI KOU 30,32 stay open and continue list
Stream scavenging.
Be in Fig. 7 of 240 ° of ADC (i) in, in the cylinder of lower left, inner carrier has closed air vent 32, and air inlet
Mouth 32 is partly opened.In other embodiments, air vent can be opened and/or at air inlet after air inlet open
Close before closing.It is also possible in some applications expect that QI KOU timing is asymmetrical, such as by using telescoping valve to control
The opening and closing of QI KOU.
In the Fig. 7 (j) being in 270 ° of ADC, in the cylinder of lower left, outer piston has closed air vent 32, and two
Piston moves towards each other, thus the air that compression is between the two.
In the Fig. 7 (k) being in 300 ° of ADC, in the cylinder of lower left, piston continues compression stroke.
In the Fig. 7 (l) being in 330 ° of ADC, lower left cylinder terminates close to compression stroke, and " extruding " stage
Will start.Inner carrier starts from air-out therebetween with the outside of outer piston, ring-type relative face.
In the Fig. 7 (m) being in 360 ° of ADC, position is identical with Fig. 3 (a).Lower left cylinder has arrived tdc position,
It is in its hithermost position at this position inner carrier and outer piston.The stage that " extrudes " continues, thus enhances and be superimposed upon
" smoke ring " effect on cylinder axis whirlpool through existing, cylinder-bore axis whirlpool is caused by air inlet partially tangentially.Work as combustion
Burn room when being most like ring bodies and there is minimum volume, the gas motion of this combination at TDC in its maximum intensity.Now, many
Individual radial injected fuel spray sheds from central authorities' fuel injector, arrives nearly all accessible air and causes very effective
Burning.Injection need not accurately when minimum volume, and injection timing can be as speed in some embodiments
And/or load function and change.
The geometry of bent axle and the size of QI KOU and position are depended in concrete angle and timing；Above description is only intended to
Design to the present invention illustrates.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and each embodiment specifically described can be made various amendment, without departing from
The present invention.Fuel injector can be from the inner projection of cylinder, and inner carrier slides on the injector.In this situation
Under, combustion bowl (combustion bowl) will be possibly formed in outer piston.It should also be understood by those skilled in the art that book is sent out
Bright embodiment can be 2 strokes or 4 strokes, it is possible to is compression ignition or spark ignition.
Claims (12)
1. internal combustion engine, including:
At least one cylinder；
Pair of pistons, the pair of piston is positioned at described cylinder toward each other and can move back and forth, the pair of
Combustor it is formed with between piston；And
At least one fuel injector, is at least partially situated in described cylinder, and described fuel injector has nozzle, described spray
Mouth is positioned in described combustor and fuel is discharged in described combustor by described nozzle,
Wherein said nozzle is directly exposed in described combustor,
Wherein said fuel injector is fixed on an end of described cylinder and from described end along the central authorities of described cylinder
Axis or with the central axial line of described cylinder projection abreast in described cylinder so that injector nozzle is positioned at fixed position
Place, when the volume of described combustor is positioned at its minima, described fixed position is positioned at described combustor.
Internal combustion engine the most according to claim 1, wherein said fuel injector is arranged on the central axial line of described cylinder
Or it is parallel with the central axial line of described cylinder.
Internal combustion engine the most according to claim 1 and 2, the nozzle of wherein said fuel injector is from the housing of described ejector
End face along cylinder axis direction outwardly.
Internal combustion engine the most according to claim 3, wherein said nozzle has a series of hole at its perimeter, and fuel passes through
Described a series of hole is expelled in described combustor the most radially.
Internal combustion engine the most according to claim 1, wherein said ejector extends through the projection with described cylinder to be had described
The immediate piston in described end of ejector, and this piston is configured to move back and forth along the housing of described ejector.
6., according to the internal combustion engine according to any one of the claims, wherein said fuel injector is cooled.
7., according to the internal combustion engine according to any one of the claims, wherein said ejector is maintained in coupling arrangement,
Described coupling arrangement permits moving but be limited in the shifting on described cylinder axis direction in the plane vertical with cylinder axis
Dynamic.
8. according to the internal combustion engine according to any one of the claims, wherein said internal combustion engine also include being positioned at described at least
The bent axle of the end of one cylinder, the reciprocating motion of described piston drives described bent axle, described fuel injector and distance institute
The outer piston stating bent axle farthest is associated.
Internal combustion engine the most according to claim 8, also includes driven linkage, and described driven linkage is by described piston
It is connected to described bent axle, the contrary reciprocating motion of described piston to be converted into the rotary motion of described bent axle.
Internal combustion engine the most according to claim 9, wherein said driven linkage includes multiple Scotland yoke mechanism.
11. internal combustion engines according to claim 10, including: at least one Soviet Union's lattice of described bent axle are driven for described inner carrier
Blue yoke；And supply described outer piston drive described bent axle and lay respectively at least two Scotland yoke of described cylinder both sides.
12. internal combustion engines according to claim 11, wherein said at least two Scotland yoke is relative by described cylinder
Respective connecting elements on side is connected to described outer piston, and wherein said connecting elements is positioned at outside described cylinder.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1108766.5 | 2011-05-24 | ||
| GB1108766.5A GB2491155B (en) | 2011-05-24 | 2011-05-24 | Opposed piston engine having injector located within cylinder |
| PCT/GB2012/051161 WO2012160376A2 (en) | 2011-05-24 | 2012-05-24 | Internal combustion engines |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103842618A CN103842618A (en) | 2014-06-04 |
| CN103842618B true CN103842618B (en) | 2016-12-07 |
Family
ID=44279576
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201280036106.6A Expired - Fee Related CN103842618B (en) | 2011-05-24 | 2012-05-24 | Internal combustion engine |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9512777B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2721256B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6069306B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101598875B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103842618B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE212012000008U1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK2721256T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2638339T3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2491155B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK1197092A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL229585B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU92143B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL2721256T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT2721256T (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012160376A2 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2901005B1 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2017-11-15 | Achates Power, Inc. | Fuel injection with swirl spray patterns in opposed-piston engines |
| KR102219792B1 (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2021-02-24 | 콕스 파워트레인 엘티디 | Internal combustion engines |
| CN103670989A (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2014-03-26 | 四川大学 | Opposed piston pump |
| US10161371B2 (en) | 2015-02-27 | 2018-12-25 | Avl Powertrain Engineering, Inc. | Opposed piston three nozzle piston bowl design |
| US10066590B2 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2018-09-04 | Avl Powertrain Engineering, Inc. | Opposed piston three nozzle combustion chamber design |
| DE102015008556A1 (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2017-01-12 | Ralf Muckenhirn | Multistage Combustion Hot Gas Vapor Pressure Differential Parallel Cylinder Counter Piston Engine For Natural Gas, Hydrogen And Other Fuels With Integrated Electric Generator. |
| AT518769B1 (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2018-01-15 | Ecool Advanced Urban Eng Gmbh | Internal combustion engine |
| US10557430B2 (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2020-02-11 | Ge Global Sourcing Llc | Oil carryover reduction system |
| US11338829B2 (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2022-05-24 | Transportation Ip Holdings, Llc | Oil carryover reduction system |
| US10465516B1 (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2019-11-05 | Hts Llc | Opposed piston engine cam shape |
| US11661848B2 (en) * | 2021-08-29 | 2023-05-30 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises Llc | Four piston scotch yoke actuator |
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- 2012-05-24 CN CN201280036106.6A patent/CN103842618B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-05-24 ES ES12725135.3T patent/ES2638339T3/en active Active
- 2012-05-24 LU LU92143A patent/LU92143B1/en active
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- 2012-05-24 EP EP12725135.3A patent/EP2721256B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-05-24 US US14/119,831 patent/US9512777B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL229585A0 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
| KR101598875B1 (en) | 2016-03-02 |
| PT2721256T (en) | 2017-08-29 |
| PL2721256T3 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
| US20140165967A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
| JP6069306B2 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
| HK1197092A1 (en) | 2015-01-02 |
| DE212012000008U1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
| GB201108766D0 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
| ES2638339T3 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
| IL229585B (en) | 2018-08-30 |
| WO2012160376A2 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
| JP2014515453A (en) | 2014-06-30 |
| EP2721256B1 (en) | 2017-07-05 |
| KR20140031333A (en) | 2014-03-12 |
| GB2491155A (en) | 2012-11-28 |
| WO2012160376A3 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
| EP2721256A2 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
| CN103842618A (en) | 2014-06-04 |
| US9512777B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 |
| GB2491155B (en) | 2013-04-10 |
| LU92143B1 (en) | 2013-02-08 |
| DK2721256T3 (en) | 2017-09-04 |
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