CN103821573A - Carnot-Brayton mixed circle efficient power generation assembly - Google Patents
Carnot-Brayton mixed circle efficient power generation assembly Download PDFInfo
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- CN103821573A CN103821573A CN201310646295.5A CN201310646295A CN103821573A CN 103821573 A CN103821573 A CN 103821573A CN 201310646295 A CN201310646295 A CN 201310646295A CN 103821573 A CN103821573 A CN 103821573A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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Abstract
The invention provides a Carnot-Brayton mixed circle efficient power generation assembly. The Carnot-Brayton mixed circle efficient power generation assembly comprises a Carnot-Brayton circle loop (1), wherein the Carnot-Brayton circle loop (1) comprises a group of compressors (5), a heat exchanger (6), a heat-work power conversion machine (2) and a condenser; the compressors (5) and the heat exchanger (6) are sequentially connected with each other serially; a cooler is arranged between each two compressors; inlets of the group of compressors (5) are connected with an outlet of the condenser (4); outlets of the group of compressors (5) are connected with an inlet of the heat exchanger (6); an outlet of the heat exchanger (6) is connected with an inlet of the heat-work power conversion machine (2); and an outlet of the heat-work power conversion machine (2) is connected with an inlet of the condenser (4). By using the Carnot-Brayton mixed circle efficient power generation assembly, a Carnot circle and a Brayton circle are combined into a closed circle, and the Brayton circle is improved by using the advantage that the Carnot cycle is high in efficiency, so that the thermal efficiency of the circle is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of electrical equipment, particularly a kind of Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment.
Background technique
Carnot's cycle (Carnot cycle) is proposed in 1824 by French engineer Ni Gulalaiang nail (unit of length) Sa Di Kano, to analyze the working procedure of heat engine.Carnot's cycle is by two isothermal processs and two gas circulation that adiabatic process forms, there is not phase transformation in the power cycle that is characterized in gas working medium, comprise four steps in thermodynamic cycle: gas isothermal expansion, gas adiabatic expansion, gas isothermal compression, gas adiabatic compression.According to the second law of thermodynamics, at identical high and low temperature heat source temperature T
1with T
2between in all circulations of working, for the highest, be called Carnot theorem with the thermal efficiency of Carnot's cycle.Although the thermal efficiency of Carnot's cycle is high, but completely in reality, be difficult to realize according to the heat engine of Carnot's cycle work, because the pressurized gas of the expansion of heat engine acting require could realize under the condition of isothermal heating, and in fact the expansion of heat engine acting is that pressurized gas complete rapidly in a short period of time, be adiabatic expansion, be difficult to realize isothermal expansion process by external heat; And low-pressure gas isothermal heat release compression, must make the heat of pressurized gas exchange with the external world at any time, gas temperature equates with extraneous, this is impossible realize in real work, the compression process of gas, also complete in the short period of time, be also difficult to realize gas isothermal compression process by external condensation.
Bretton (George Brayton (1830 – 1892)), American engineer, within 1872, propose, when engine operation, constantly from extraneous air amount, the air after pressurization, through a series of thermal processions such as heating actings, final high temperature discharge, the high-temperature gas of discharge in the external world progressively dissipate energy finally reach and ambient atmosphere balance, form an open cyclic process.The thermal efficiency of his [thermodynamic theory (being called afterwards brayton cycle) is used as the method for calculating gas turbine performance.The feature of brayton cycle is the isobaric power cycle of gas working medium, formed by four thermal processions, the equipressure of constantly carrying out pressurized gas by gas in heat power equipment adds the isobaric heat release compression of the adiabatic expansion of thermal expansion, pressurized gas, low-pressure gas and 4 processes of adiabatic compression of low-pressure gas, make heat energy constantly be converted into mechanical energy, then by generator, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy.Brayton cycle is divided into two kinds of open cycle and closed cycles: what cycle fluid finally drained into again atmosphere from atmosphere is open cycle; It is closed cycle that cycle fluid is closed what recycle.Brayton cycle is the compression ratio of gentle compressor just, is two principal elements that affect the thermal efficiency.Reduce the initial temperature of pressurized gas, and corresponding raising compression ratio, can make brayton cycle efficiency significantly improve.Brayton cycle has many good qualities, and volume is little, and acting generated energy is large, easily realizes various scale power generations, and the working medium of its use is air, has cheapness, the advantage such as nontoxic, corrosion-free, is therefore widely used in the gas turbine power generation of various scales; But the shortcoming of brayton cycle maximum is that generating efficiency is lower, for example, the efficiency of general gas turbine only has 25-30%, follows internal-combustion engine to compare slightly high, and most of heat energy is discharged by tail gas, and temperature of its outlet tail gas is up to 450-500 ℃.
In order to improve brayton cycle generating efficiency, industrial conventional method is that high-temperature tail gas is received on the steamer of Rankine cycle and generated electricity, thereby can make the thermal efficiency increase by 20% left and right, make whole efficiency reach 50% left and right, become " Gas Turbine Combined-cycle ".But although Gas Turbine Combined-cycle has improved efficiency to a certain extent, its cost is high.Owing to having used a set of Rankine cycle power generation system more, on the one hand greatly increased cost, make on the other hand turbogenerator that original volume is little add steam turbine after volume excessive, be difficult to use in the generating of middle and small scale.Therefore, be difficult to apply, cause most of gas turbine to be the brayton cycle electricity generating device of more inefficient single circulation.
Carnot's cycle and brayton cycle have thermomechanics advantage separately, therefore how to bring into play its advantage, overcome the deficiency, explore new circulation method and theory, find the new way that improves the brayton cycle thermal efficiency, improve the generating efficiency of gas turbine, and simplified apparatus, tool is of great significance undoubtedly.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the present invention is to provide Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment that a kind of generating efficiency is high, utilize the advantage that Carnot cycle Thermal efficiency is high, brayton cycle is improved, thereby realized the object that increases substantially the thermodynamic cycle generating thermal efficiency.
Technological scheme: a kind of Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment provided by the invention, comprises the one group of compressor, heat exchanger, hot merit power-converting machinery and the condenser that are in turn connected into ring; Described one group of compressor is provided with cooler between any two.
As preferably, the quantity of described compressor is more than two.
Preferred as another kind, described compressor is scroll compressor, screw compressor, centrifugal compressor, piston compressor, slide vane compressor or Axial Flow Compressor.
Preferred as another kind, also comprise generator, described generator is connected with hot merit power-converting machinery.
Preferred as another kind, also comprise pressure regulator valve, described pressure regulator valve is located between heat exchanger and hot merit power-converting machinery.
Preferred as another kind, the mixture of one or more in described Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment employing carbon dioxide, air, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen and oxygen is as cycle fluid.
Preferred as another kind, described hot merit power-converting machinery is steam turbine or decompressor.
As further preferred, described decompressor is scroll expansion machine, screw type decompressor, centrifugal decompressor or piston expansion engine.
Beneficial effect: Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment provided by the invention, Carnot's cycle is combined with brayton cycle, utilize the advantage that Carnot's cycle efficiency is high, brayton cycle is improved, form a mixed cycle power equipment, thereby bring into play advantage separately, increased substantially the thermal efficiency of gas turbine with a circulation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is Kano-Bretton mixed cycle schematic diagram of the present invention; Wherein, (a), for the P-V figure of thermodynamic cycle, (b) be the T-S figure of thermodynamic cycle.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is made and being further illustrated.
Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment, see Fig. 1, comprise generator (6) and be in turn connected into one group of compressor (1), heat exchanger (2), pressure regulator valve (7), hot merit power-converting machinery (3), the condenser (4) of ring, generator (6) is connected with hot merit power-converting machinery (3); Described one group of compressor (1) is provided with cooler (5) between any two.
In the present embodiment, the quantity of compressor is three, that is to say, in the present embodiment, Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment comprises generator (6) and is in turn connected into first compressor (11) of ring, the first cooler (12), the second compressor (13), the second cooler (14), the 3rd compressor (15), heat exchanger (2), pressure regulator valve (7), hot merit power-converting machinery (3), condenser (4), and generator (6) is connected with hot merit power-converting machinery (3).Alternatively, the quantity of compressor (5) also can rationally arrange as required, as long as all realizing above object of the present invention at one, but, use plural compressor series connection, can greatly improve generating efficiency.
In the present invention, compressor 5 is screw compressor; Alternatively, also can select the compressor of any appropriate; Preferably, can select scroll compressor, screw compressor, centrifugal compressor, piston compressor, slide vane compressor or Axial Flow Compressor.
The working principle of this device is:
Low-pressure gas in Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment is after several grades of cooled compressed of one group of compressor 1 and cooler 5, form pressurized gas, after heat exchanger heating, form high temperature and high pressure gas, enter the interior expansion acting of hot merit power-converting machinery 3, drive generator 6 to generate electricity, the gas that becomes low-temp low-pressure enters condenser 4 condensations, completes once circulation.
Kano-brayton cycle provided by the invention is by an isopiestic process, an isothermal process and two gas circulation (see figure 2)s that adiabatic process forms, be specially: gas carries out low-pressure gas adiabatic compression (1-2 in equipment, Carnot's cycle), pressurized gas equipressure adds thermal expansion (2-3, brayton cycle), pressurized gas adiabatic expansion (3-5, brayton cycle), low-pressure gas isothermal heat release compression (5-1, Carnot's cycle) totally 4 processes, make heat energy constantly be converted into mechanical energy, then by generator, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy.It is the inflation process of brayton cycle that the pressurized gas equipressure of this circulation adds thermal expansion (2-3), and low-pressure gas isothermal heat release compression (5-1) is the compression process of Carnot's cycle, thereby forms the combination of Kano-brayton cycle (1-2-3-5-1).
Inflation process, conventionally add thermal expansion according to the isothermal of Carnot's cycle work is difficult to realize in reality, because the expansion of heat engine acting is that pressurized gas complete in the short period of time, be difficult to realize isothermal expansion process by expanding while by external heat, and the pressurized gas equipressure of brayton cycle (1-2-3-4-1) add thermal expansion (2-3) be enter heat engine expand before first heating, continue again pressurized gas adiabatic expansion (3-4) process, by heating high-pressure gas before the outside expansion of heat engine, realize the process that gas-heated expands.
Compression process, conventionally just can be achieved by the method for the tail gas heat quantity of loss higher temperature according to the isobaric heat release compression of brayton cycle work, and the isothermal compression of Carnot's cycle loop mesolow gas, be the process (5-1) that realizes isothermal compression by point pole compression and the condensation of split pole external environment condition, need not lose the heat of tail gas and can realize cyclic process.
According to thermodynamic theories, in heat engine inflation process isothermal expansion acting maximum, and in compression process isothermal compression minimal energy loss.But realize isothermal compression, the heat that must make gas at any time with external world's exchange, gas temperature equates with extraneous, this one-level compression in real work is impossible realization.For reducing the gas temperature after compression and reducing compressor power consumption, close to constant temperature compression process as far as possible, it is middle cooling that the present invention has adopted implements spatial scalable compression to add, and effectively solved this problem.After implements spatial scalable compression, must, through middle cooling, make to enter into the pressurized air intake temperature of the second level, equal or close to the intake temperature of the first order, could reduce like this delivery temperature and compressor power consumption.The cooling process that realizes the compression of gas constant temperature in the middle of implements spatial scalable compression adds, make brayton cycle without discharge high-temperature tail gas, can return to cycle of higher pressure state, the high-temperature tail gas heat of brayton cycle discharge is further converted to output work, has increased considerably the output (1-4-5 of Fig. 2) of merit.
Therefore, the present invention organically combines high efficiency Carnot's cycle and brayton cycle, can bring into play advantage separately, forms a mixed cycle power equipment, thereby has increased substantially the thermal efficiency of brayton cycle power equipment; This power equipment can improve more than 20% than traditional brayton cycle electricity generating device efficiency, uses a set of circulation means, has just reached the generating efficiency of Gas Turbine Combined-cycle, and significantly cost-saving and energy consumption is significant.
Above-mentioned Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment is generated electricity under different condition.
Application example one, Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment adopts helium as working medium, and high side pressure is 1Mpa, and the heating-up temperature of heat exchanger 6 is 500 ℃; Low-pressure lateral pressure is 0.096Mpa, and condenser 14 condensing temperatures are 20 ℃, and condensation adopts water-cooling pattern.
Application example two, Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment adopts helium as working medium, and high side pressure is 1Mpa, and the heating-up temperature of heat exchanger 6 is 300 ℃; Low-pressure lateral pressure is 0.2Mpa, and condenser 14 condensing temperatures are 20 ℃, and condensation adopts air cooling mode.
Application example three, Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment adopts helium as working medium, and high side pressure is 1Mpa, and the heating-up temperature of heat exchanger 6 is 200 ℃; Low-pressure lateral pressure is 0.33Mpa, and condenser 14 condensing temperatures are 20 ℃, and condensation adopts air cooling mode.The thermal efficiency is in table 1.
Application example four, basic identical with application example three, difference is only: adopt carbon dioxide as working medium, the thermal efficiency is 34.9%.
Application example five, basic identical with application example three, difference is only: adopt nitrogen as working medium, the thermal efficiency is 38.9%.
Application example six, basic identical with application example three, difference is only: adopt oxygen as working medium, the thermal efficiency is 38.5%.
Application example seven, basic identical with application example three, difference is only: adopt air as working medium, the thermal efficiency is 39%.
By above example, can find out, the kind of the gas that uses is very little on the impact of the thermal efficiency.
Brayton cycle under the thermal efficiency and the same terms of application example one to three and the contrast of the thermal efficiency of Carnot's cycle, be shown in Fig. 1.
The thermal efficiency ratio of table 1 Kano-Bretton mixed cycle mixing apparatus
Disclosed is above only specific embodiments of the invention; but the present invention is not limited thereto, in addition, the present invention can also other modes realize; do not departing under the prerequisite of design of the present invention and invention spirit, any apparent modification and replacement are all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment, is characterized in that: comprise the one group of compressor (1), heat exchanger (2), hot merit power-converting machinery (3) and the condenser (4) that are in turn connected into ring; Described one group of compressor (1) is provided with cooler (5) between any two.
2. a kind of Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the quantity of described compressor (5) is more than two.
3. a kind of Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described compressor (5) is scroll compressor, screw compressor, centrifugal compressor, piston compressor, slide vane compressor or Axial Flow Compressor.
4. a kind of Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise generator (6), described generator (6) is connected with hot merit power-converting machinery (3).
5. a kind of Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise pressure regulator valve (7), described pressure regulator valve (7) is located between heat exchanger (6) and hot merit power-converting machinery (2).
6. a kind of Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the mixture of one or more in described Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment employing carbon dioxide, air, nitrogen, helium, hydrogen and oxygen is as cycle fluid.
7. a kind of Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described hot merit power-converting machinery (3) is steam turbine or decompressor.
8. a kind of Kano-Bretton hybrid power generation equipment according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described decompressor is scroll expansion machine, screw type decompressor, centrifugal decompressor or piston expansion engine.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110945213A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2020-03-31 | Ceox 有限公司 | Mechanical/electrical power generation system |
| CN111456919A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-28 | 天津大学 | Hot compression carbon dioxide brayton cycle system |
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- 2013-12-04 CN CN201310646295.5A patent/CN103821573A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110945213A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2020-03-31 | Ceox 有限公司 | Mechanical/electrical power generation system |
| CN110945213B (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2022-05-24 | Ceox技术有限公司 | Mechanical/electrical power generation system |
| CN111456919A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-28 | 天津大学 | Hot compression carbon dioxide brayton cycle system |
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