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CN103776374A - High-speed, high-accuracy and high-redundancy absolute grating ruler reading head device - Google Patents

High-speed, high-accuracy and high-redundancy absolute grating ruler reading head device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103776374A
CN103776374A CN201410040692.2A CN201410040692A CN103776374A CN 103776374 A CN103776374 A CN 103776374A CN 201410040692 A CN201410040692 A CN 201410040692A CN 103776374 A CN103776374 A CN 103776374A
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China
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grating
absolute
code channel
indication
speed
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CN201410040692.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘强
陈彬
陈新
陈新度
王晗
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Priority to CN201410040692.2A priority Critical patent/CN103776374A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-speed, high-accuracy and high-redundancy absolute grating ruler reading head device. The high-speed, high-accuracy and high-redundancy absolute grating ruler reading head device comprises a tackle body (1), grating glass (3), an absolute code channel (4), an incremental code channel (5), an absolute code channel collector (6), a first indication grating (7) and a second indication grating (8), wherein the grating glass (3) is installed below the tackle body (1), the absolute code channel (4) and the incremental code channel (5) are marked on the grating glass (3) side by side, the first indication grating (7) and the second indication grating (8) are installed in the movement direction of the tackle body (1) side by side and are located over the incremental code channel (5), and the absolute code channel collector (6) used for collecting information about whether the reading head reaches the absolute position or not is also installed on the tackle body (1) and located over the absolute code channel (4). Under the high-speed and high-accuracy working condition of a grating ruler, reading reliability is guaranteed, and the functions of displacement calculation and multiple limitation of the grating ruler are provided.

Description

A kind of high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head device
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head device, belongs to the innovative technology of high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head device.
Background technology
Add in industry at modern machine, mostly adopt grating sensor to carry out position feedback device.Because grating scale can be carried out closed-loop control to system, reduce the error that the reasons such as ball-screw thermal deformation cause, improve machining precision, so current medium-to-high grade digital control system adopts grating scale as displacement of the lines feedback element more and more [1].Its high precision and high resolving power, in conjunction with relatively low price, make it not only in machine tool field, and are widely used in coordinate measuring machine, Robotics, each position and velocity survey and position and motion control application [2].
Grating scale can be divided into increment grating scale and absolute grating ruler.Increment type grating scale principle of work is: light forms Moire fringe by the grating of two relative motions, after Moire fringe is counted, segmented, obtains displacement variable; Absolute grating scale principle of work is: on scale grating, delineate a code channel with absolute position encoder, read head obtains absolute position by the coding that reads current location.
Increment type grating scale is owing to being to Moire fringe counting, output pulse signal, thus can reach at work very high movement velocity, but its precision is in general not as absolute grating scale, can not meet more high-precision process requirements; Thereby absolute grating scale utilizes camera, by magnifier, absolute code channel is carried out to image acquisition and decodes current absolute position, although but this reading code mode precision can reach very high, but in the time that speed exceedes certain threshold value, will produce smear or take the phenomenons such as time delay, so do not reach the object of operate at high speeds, cause working (machining) efficiency lower.
In addition, traditional grating scale only relies on a code channel to read positional information, and reliability is lower, especially contaminated after, the bit error rate is high; If grating scale breaks down, can not normally use immediately; Limit function mode is single, if stop means lost efficacy, grating scale is vulnerable to strong shock and scraps.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to consider the problems referred to above and the high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head device of a kind of high-speed, high precision, highly redundant is provided.The present invention can improve rate of reading, reading accuracy and reading certainty, and the present invention, under grating scale high-speed, high precision condition of work, has guaranteed the reliability of reading, and the multiple limit function of displacement calculation and grating scale self is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head device of the present invention, include coaster vehicle body, Grating glass, definitely code channel, increment code channel, definitely code channel collection head, the first indication grating, the second indication grating, wherein Grating glass is arranged on the below of coaster vehicle body, on Grating glass, be carved with side by side two kinds of code channels, one is absolute code channel, another kind is increment code channel, the first indication grating and the second indication grating are installed side by side along the direction of motion of coaster vehicle body, and directly over increment code channel, whether go to the absolute code channel collection head of absolute position and be also arranged on coaster vehicle body for gathering read head, and directly over absolute code channel.
Above-mentioned the first indication grating and the upper surface of the second indication grating and the upper surface of Grating glass are parallel; The upper surface of above-mentioned absolute code channel collection head is also parallel with the upper surface of Grating glass.
The side in the same way of above-mentioned coaster vehicle body is provided with the roller that several sizes are identical, and their geometric center is not on same straight line, the upper surface that roller is close to Grating glass rolls, and guarantees that absolute code channel collection head, the first indication grating and the second indication grating and Grating glass keep opposing parallel and reduce friction and vibration.
The present invention is compared with other prior aries, and tool has the following advantages:
1) the present invention utilizes grand micro-complex technique thought, and indication grating, as the necessary device high-speed motion of increment type grating scale, improves grating scale operating rate, in the time moving to target proximity, suitably slow down, now definitely code channel collection head work, strengthen image data amount, reach high-precision object.
2) the present invention utilizes redundancy thought, and the positional information of the increment type that two indication gratings obtain provides reference for error code correction, thereby has improved the reliability of absolute grating ruler coding and decoding, makes the final absolute location information of grating scale read more reliable.
3) adding of two indication gratings of the present invention, make grating scale direction determining accuracy more increase one deck guarantee.
4) adding of two indication gratings of the present invention, has increased grating scale self limit function for subsequent use, the impact damage of bringing to grating scale while avoiding better linear electric motors limit function to lose efficacy.
5) adding of two indication gratings of the present invention, in the time that definitely code channel collection head lost efficacy, can be used as backup survey instrument, and the increment that two kinds of different accuracies are provided is to measure, and nonserviceables to guarantee that grating scale has certain measurement function down.
The present invention is in improving the absolute grating ruler movement velocity in when work, reading code precision, increase the reliability of its reading, and possess the computing function that direction determining that grating scale moves and displacement increase or reduce, the limit function for subsequent use of double grating scale self is also additionally provided.The present invention is a kind of high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head device with high speed, high precision, highly redundant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the stereographic map of read head structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of read head structure of the present invention.
In figure: 1, coaster vehicle body 2, roller 3, Grating glass 4, absolute code channel 5, increment code channel 6, absolute code channel collection head 7, the first indication grating 8, the second indication grating.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
Structural representation of the present invention is as Fig. 1, shown in 2, high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head device of the present invention, include coaster vehicle body 1, Grating glass 3, definitely code channel 4, increment code channel 5, definitely code channel collection head 6, the first indication grating 7, the second indication grating 8, wherein Grating glass 3 is arranged on the below of coaster vehicle body 1, on Grating glass 3, be carved with side by side two kinds of code channels, one is absolute code channel 4, another kind is increment code channel 5, the first indication grating 7 and the second indication grating 8 are installed side by side along the direction of motion of coaster vehicle body 1, and directly over increment code channel 5, recording increment code channel Moire fringe quantity, whether go to the absolute code channel collection head 6 of absolute position and be also arranged on coaster vehicle body 1 for gathering read head, and directly over absolute code channel 4, for recording the absolute position of grating scale.
The upper surface of above-mentioned the first indication grating 7 and the second indication grating 8 is parallel with the upper surface of Grating glass 3; The upper surface of above-mentioned absolute code channel collection head 6 is also parallel with the upper surface of Grating glass 3.
The side in the same way of above-mentioned coaster vehicle body 1 is provided with the roller 2 that several sizes are identical, and their geometric center is not on same straight line, when work, the upper surface that roller 2 is close to Grating glass rolls, to guarantee the relative level of coaster and Grating glass 3, also guarantee absolute code channel collection head 6, the first indication grating 7 and the second indication grating 8 keep opposing parallel with Grating glass 3, and reduce absolute code channel collection head 6, friction and the vibration of the first indication grating 7 and the second indication grating 8 and Grating glass 3, in addition, the lower end of above-mentioned coaster vehicle body 1 is provided with the roller 2 that several sizes are identical, when work, roller 2 along the side of Grating glass 3 along with coaster moves and rolls, guarantee that coaster vehicle body 1 and the direction of relative movement of Grating glass 3 do not change.
In the present embodiment, the side in the same way of above-mentioned coaster vehicle body 1 is provided with the geometric center of 2, three rollers 2 of roller that 3 sizes are identical not on same straight line.The lower end of above-mentioned coaster vehicle body 1 is provided with 2 rollers 2 that size is identical.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned the first indication grating 7 is identical with the size of the second indication grating 8, thickness is identical, unique different be that the first indication grating 7 is different with respect to the grating slope angle on the increment code channel 5 on Grating glass 3 from the grating on the second indication grating 8, the first indication grating 7 is different with the Moire fringe width that the indication grating on the second indication grating 8 modulates from increment code channel 5, thereby makes the first indication grating 7 different with the position signalling precision that the indication grating on the second indication grating 8 produces.
In the present embodiment, the mode that above-mentioned Grating glass 3 connects with glue is fixed on the chi shell inside of grating scale, therefore can think that Grating glass 3 is fixed, does not draw the chi shell of grating scale in schematic diagram.
When above-mentioned absolute code channel collection head 6 gathers the positional information on absolute code channel 4, what adopt is the mode of camera exposure, which has quite high precision, but also there is certain speed limitation simultaneously, in the time that coaster speed exceedes certain threshold value, the image gathering just can produce smear, and take time delay factor and can produce larger error under high-speed motion, so in the time that coaster speed is in this threshold value, positional information is gathered by absolute code channel collection head 6, so just has high-precision serviceability.
In the present embodiment, the first indication grating 7 and the second indication grating 8 and 5 relative motions of increment code channel, form Moire fringe, acquisition system is counted Moire fringe, output pulse signal, thus can reach at work very high movement velocity, but its precision is in general not as absolute grating scale.Therefore, when coaster vehicle body 1 is that movement velocity is while exceeding the threshold value of above-mentioned absolute code channel collection head 6, system stops absolute reading code, then gather increment reading code, and in last absolute location information of conversion reading code mode moment sigma-delta information, when waiting until that absolute code channel collection head 6 is fast and arriving target location, coaster slows down, below speed is reduced to above-mentioned threshold value time, restart absolute reading code, so just can reach the performance of grating scale operate at high speeds.
In said process, coaster vehicle body 1 reaches target location when static, now system can obtain three position datas, it is the absolute location information that absolute code channel collection head 6 obtains, the first indication grating 7 adds the final position information that incremental process information obtains from starting point absolute position, the second indication grating 8 adds the final position information that incremental process information obtains from starting point absolute position.The lower accuracy positional information that the first indication grating 7 and the second indication grating 8 obtain contrasts with the absolute location information that definitely code channel collection head 6 gathers, if error in the reasonable scope, thinks that the absolute position that absolute code channel collection head 6 obtains is credible; If after contrast, definitely any positional information comparison in code channel collection head 6 and the first indication grating 7 or the second indication grating 8, error exceeds allowed band, and the first indication grating 7 and both positional informations of the second indication grating 8 are within permissible error scope, think now the absolute location information decoding error that definitely code channel collection head 6 obtains, again the reading images information contrast of decoding, new absolute location information is within the scope of permissible error, think that this absolute location information is credible and export it, otherwise, export fault alarm information.
Above-mentioned the first indication grating 7 and the second indication grating 8 are owing to being all fixed on coaster vehicle body 1, both positions are relatively static, the low precision position information that both obtain in theory equates, but owing to there being error, position difference between the two should be in a very little fixed range, if when work, the difference of the first indication grating 7 and both positional informations of the second indication grating 8 is not within allowed band, definitely the obtained absolute location information of code channel collection head 6 is incredible, now system output grating scale failure message.
Above-mentioned the first indication grating 7 and the second indication grating 8 have direction identification function while work, have therefore increased the reliability of the direction determining of absolute grating ruler.
When the low precision position information obtaining when above-mentioned the first indication grating 7 and the second indication grating 8 is gone to the early warning position at increment code channel 5 two ends; automatically stop mobile; as the limit function for subsequent use of absolute grating ruler, better protect absolute grating ruler to exempt from unexpected shock and damage.
Adding of above-mentioned the first indication grating 7 and the second indication grating 8, in the time that definitely code channel collection head 6 lost efficacy, can be as two backup survey instruments, nonserviceabling guarantees that grating scale has certain measurement function down.
Principle of work of the present invention is:
When grating scale carries out displacement measurement, coaster can drive absolute code channel collection head 6, the first indication grating 7 to slide along Grating glass 3 together with the second indication grating 8.In absolute grating ruler reading head moving process, the absolute position that might as well establish starting point is P 0, after sliding and stopping, the distance that the first indication grating 7 is walked is L 1, the distance that the second indication grating 8 is walked is L 2(forward moves and gets positive sign, and negative sense moves gets negative sign), the absolute position that now the first indication grating 7 and the second indication grating 8 obtain is:
P 1=P 0+L 1
P 2=P 0+L 2
Now definitely code channel collection head 6 to obtain absolute position be P 3, P in theory 1=P 2=P 3, but owing to there is error in actual measurement, these three numerical value are not necessarily equated, but this does not affect absolute grating ruler and finally exports measurement result.Now system is first by P 1with P 2contrast, because the first indication grating 7 modulates the increment type grating scale that precision is different, L so with increment code channel 5 respectively from the second indication grating 8 1with L 2more just have certain error, cause P 1with P 2more also can produce corresponding error.Because the first indication grating 7 is relative static with the second indication grating 8 installation sites, if this error not in allowed band, grating scale output fault alarm information; If this error is in allowed band, system continues P 1(or P 2also can because P now 1p 2almost equal) and P 3contrast, if error now, within allowed band, illustrates absolute position P 3credible, system output absolute position P 3if error now exceeds outside allowed band, definitely code channel collection head 6 again gathers immediately image and obtains absolute position P 4, new absolute position P 4again with P 1contrast, if error within allowed band, absolute position P 4credible and export it, if still exceed error allowed band, export grating scale fault alarm information.
In sum, the present invention comprises a kind of redundancy based on grand micro-compound thought, in improving the absolute grating ruler movement velocity in when work, reading code precision, increase the reliability of its reading, and possess the computing function that direction determining that grating scale moves and displacement increase or reduce, the limit function for subsequent use of double grating scale self is also additionally provided.The present invention is a kind of absolute grating ruler reading head device with high speed, high precision, highly redundant.

Claims (8)

1. a high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head device, it is characterized in that including coaster vehicle body (1), Grating glass (3), definitely code channel (4), increment code channel (5), definitely code channel collection head (6), the first indication grating (7), the second indication grating (8), wherein Grating glass (3) is arranged on the below of coaster vehicle body (1), on Grating glass (3), be carved with side by side two kinds of code channels, one is absolute code channel (4), another kind is increment code channel (5), the first indication grating (7) and the second indication grating (8) are installed side by side along the direction of motion of coaster vehicle body (1), and directly over increment code channel (5), whether go to the absolute code channel collection head (6) of absolute position and be also arranged on coaster vehicle body (1) for gathering read head, and directly over absolute code channel (4).
2. the device of high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head according to claim 1, is characterized in that the upper surface of above-mentioned the first indication grating (7) and the second indication grating (8) is parallel with the upper surface of Grating glass (3); The upper surface of above-mentioned absolute code channel collection head (6) is also parallel with the upper surface of Grating glass (3).
3. the device of high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head according to claim 1, the side in the same way that it is characterized in that above-mentioned coaster vehicle body (1) is provided with the roller (2) that several sizes are identical, and their geometric center is not on same straight line, and the upper surface that roller (2) is close to Grating glass (3) rolls.
4. the device of high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head according to claim 1, the lower end that it is characterized in that above-mentioned coaster vehicle body (1) is provided with the roller (2) that several sizes are identical, and roller (2) rolls along the side of Grating glass (3).
5. the device of high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head according to claim 4, the side in the same way that it is characterized in that above-mentioned coaster vehicle body (1) is provided with 3 rollers (2) that size is identical, and the lower end of above-mentioned coaster vehicle body (1) is provided with 2 rollers (2) that size is identical.
6. according to the high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head device described in claim 1 to 5 any one, it is characterized in that above-mentioned the first indication grating (7) is different with respect to the grating slope angle on increment code channel (5) with the grating on the second indication grating (8), the first indication grating (7) is different from the Moire fringe width that increment code channel (5) modulates with the indication grating on the second indication grating (8).
7. high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head device according to claim 6, is characterized in that above-mentioned Grating glass (3) is fixed on the chi shell inside of grating scale in glue mode even.
8. high-speed, high precision highly redundant absolute grating ruler reading head device according to claim 7, while it is characterized in that above-mentioned absolute code channel collection head (6) gathers the positional information on absolute code channel (4), employing be the mode of camera exposure.
CN201410040692.2A 2014-01-28 2014-01-28 High-speed, high-accuracy and high-redundancy absolute grating ruler reading head device Pending CN103776374A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105444790A (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-03-30 大连华宇冶金设备有限公司 Linear long-distance absolute value position optical encoder
CN105627921A (en) * 2015-12-18 2016-06-01 佛山轻子精密测控技术有限公司 Absolute encoder subdivision acquisition system and measurement method thereof
CN106500606A (en) * 2016-12-26 2017-03-15 清华大学深圳研究生院 A kind of many code channel grating scales
CN107560546A (en) * 2017-10-11 2018-01-09 长光(沧州)光栅传感技术有限公司 Grating scale photoelectric sensor
CN108627097A (en) * 2018-05-09 2018-10-09 广东工业大学 A kind of absolute grating scale
CN112762836A (en) * 2020-12-23 2021-05-07 长春汇通光电技术有限公司 Grating scale, grating scale reading method and device and computer storage medium

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CN105444790A (en) * 2014-12-17 2016-03-30 大连华宇冶金设备有限公司 Linear long-distance absolute value position optical encoder
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CN108627097A (en) * 2018-05-09 2018-10-09 广东工业大学 A kind of absolute grating scale
CN108627097B (en) * 2018-05-09 2020-05-08 广东工业大学 Absolute grating ruler
CN112762836A (en) * 2020-12-23 2021-05-07 长春汇通光电技术有限公司 Grating scale, grating scale reading method and device and computer storage medium
CN112762836B (en) * 2020-12-23 2023-02-28 长春汇通光电技术有限公司 Grating scale, grating scale reading method and device and computer storage medium

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Application publication date: 20140507