CN103732879B - 带有球头废气门阀与应力减轻的曲柄臂的废气涡轮增压器 - Google Patents
带有球头废气门阀与应力减轻的曲柄臂的废气涡轮增压器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种废气涡轮增压器,其带有涡轮机壳体和设置在涡轮机壳体中的采用球头构造方式的废气门-阀。该废气门-阀的操纵曲柄具有曲柄臂和曲柄主轴,关闭部件固定在该曲柄臂上,曲柄主轴与曲柄臂一体地连接,且安置在涡轮机壳体壁中。在曲柄主轴与曲柄臂之间的过渡区域内设有用于使得曲柄主轴轴承密封的止挡凸肩和弯曲应力减轻袋槽,由此实现曲柄主轴轴承的密封,并使得弯曲应力在曲柄臂与曲柄主轴之间的过渡区域中均匀地分布,进而保证操纵曲柄的延长的寿命,同时实现节约的设计。
Description
本发明涉及一种废气涡轮增压器,其涡轮机壳体具有可借助球头-阀关闭的废气门-通道。
废气涡轮增压器日益用于增大汽车内燃机的功率。这种事日益频繁,其目的是要在功率相同或者甚至增大的情况下减小内燃机的结构尺寸和重量,同时按照日益严格的法律规定降低消耗,进而减少CO2排放。工作原理在于,利用废气流中含有的能量来提高内燃机进气道中的压力,从而实现改善给内燃机充注空气-氧气,从而能为每个燃烧过程转换更多的动力燃料即汽油或柴油,亦即提高内燃机的功率。
为此,废气涡轮增压器具有设置在内燃机废气道上的涡轮机和设置在进气道上的压缩机,该涡轮机带有用废气流驱动的涡轮机叶轮,该压缩机带有建立压力的压缩机叶轮。涡轮机叶轮和压缩机叶轮抗扭地固定在转子轴的相对的端部上,该转子轴可转动地支撑在设置于涡轮机与压缩机之间的轴承单元内。由此借助废气质量流驱动涡轮机轮,并通过转子轴又驱动压缩机轮,由此将废气能量用于在进气道中建立压力。
涡轮机和压缩机是叶轮机械,且基于物理定律而具有分别取决于结构尺寸和构造方式的最佳的工作区域,所述工作区域的特点是物质流量、压力比和相应叶轮的转速。
与此相反,汽车中的内燃机工作的特点是,负荷与工作区域动态地变化。
于是为了能使得废气涡轮增压器的工作区域适应于内燃机的变化的工作区域,进而保证所希望的响应特性,而尽可能感觉不到延迟(涡轮迟滞),给废气涡轮增压器配备所谓的可变几何形状的涡轮机和可通过阀瓣打开的旁通通道。涡轮机侧的相应的旁通通道称为废气门。该废气门把沿流向处于涡轮机叶轮之前的废气通道与处于涡轮机叶轮之后的废气通道连接起来。废气门可以通过关闭装置例如阀瓣而打开或关闭。在内燃机转速低且废气物质流相应地小的情况下,废气门关闭,全部废气物质流都通过涡轮机叶轮引导。这确保涡轮机叶轮和压缩机叶轮的转速足够用,进而保证即使内燃机转速低也能使压缩机建立足够的压力。于是,在内燃机转速高且废气物质流相应地大的情况下,废气门打开,至少一部分废气物质流越过涡轮机叶轮直接导入沿流向处于涡轮机叶轮之后的排气区域中,以便把涡轮机叶轮和压缩机叶轮的转速以及涡轮机和压缩机的压力比保持在废气涡轮增压器的所希望的工作内。
按已知的方式,采用瓣阀作为用于打开和关闭废气门-通道的关闭装置。这种传统的瓣阀在涡轮机壳体10的剖视图1中示出。经由入口区域1,废气物质流AM进入到废气涡轮机的螺旋壳体2中。废气物质流AM从螺旋壳体2被引导到涡轮机叶轮(未示出)上,然后经由出口区域4进入到废气系统中,再经由废气系统排放至外界。废气门-通道3于是在直接的路径上把入口区域1与出口区域4连接起来。废气门-通道3具有扁平的阀座8。为了关闭废气门-通道,把一个关闭部件5置放到阀座8上,该关闭部件在这种情况下为盘状阀瓣的形式。关闭部件5固定在曲柄臂6上,该曲柄臂围绕曲柄主轴旋转轴线7可转动地安置。通过曲柄臂6围绕曲柄主轴旋转轴线7的旋转,关闭部件5沿着阀瓣的关闭-打开路径9从近乎竖直的方向置放到阀座8上,废气门-通道3由此关闭,而沿相反的方向则打开。
废气门-阀的另一种设计在DE102008011416A1中公开,以及在剖视图2和3中示出。在此,废气物质流AM也经由入口区域1进入到废气涡轮机的螺旋壳体2中。废气物质流AM从螺旋壳体2被引导到涡轮机叶轮(未示出)上,然后经由出口区域4进入到废气系统中,再经由废气系统排放至外界。废气门-通道3于是在直接的路径上把入口区域1与出口区域4连接起来。该阀是所谓的球头阀。在此,关闭部件5是个球缺,其也与操纵曲柄14的曲柄臂6连接。曲柄臂6借助曲柄主轴12和主轴轴承套13围绕曲柄主轴旋转轴线7可转动地支撑在涡轮机壳体壁16中。然而,曲柄臂6和在曲柄臂6上的关闭部件5的布置方式在此经过选择,使得当曲柄臂围绕轴线7转动时,关闭部件沿着关闭/打开路径11在一定程度上平行于阀座8摆入到废气门-通道3中,最后密封地靠置于阀座8上。这具有的优点是,作用到关闭部件上且与关闭力相逆的废气力以较小的力臂作用到曲柄臂6上。促动器必须将调节力施加到在涡轮机壳体外部抗扭地与曲柄主轴12连接的调节杆13上,以便使得阀尽可能密封地关闭并保持关闭,所需要的调节力由此明显小于前述传统设计。
但这种设计的缺点是,会有明显大的法向力作用到曲柄臂上,并通过转动主轴作用到主轴轴承套上,且在曲柄臂6上特别是在从曲柄臂6到转动主轴12的过渡部分上引起增大的弯曲应力。这种效应还会在曲柄主轴12与曲柄臂6之间的过渡区域中因边棱尖锐的凸肩17而增强,同时需要所述凸肩作为接触止挡,并用于使得曲柄主轴穿过涡轮机壳体16的通孔按照迷宫式密封的方式密封。
这需要在几何形状或材料技术上强化对曲柄臂和转动主轴的设计,以便确保工作中所要求的持久耐用。而这又不利地影响到重量、主轴轴承的密封性和废气涡轮增压器的尺寸或阀机构的成本。
因此,本发明的目的在于,提出一种具有废气门-阀的废气涡轮增压器,其中,用于操纵阀的操纵力小,而废气涡轮增压器的结构大小、重量、功能和成本却由此不会或者至少尽可能小地受到不利影响。
该目的通过一种具有根据权利要求1的特征的废气涡轮增压器得以实现。从属权利要求所述为有利的可单独地或者相互组合地采用的设计和改进。
废气涡轮增压器具有带涡轮机壳体的废气涡轮机。涡轮机壳体被涡轮机壳体壁包夹,在该涡轮机壳体中设有废气门-阀。该废气门-阀是球头-阀,且具有球缺形关闭部件和操纵曲柄。操纵曲柄具有曲柄臂,关闭部件就固定在该曲柄臂的前端。有个曲柄主轴与曲柄臂一体地连接,进而形成一个单元。带有关闭部件的曲柄臂设置在涡轮机壳体内部。操纵曲柄利用曲柄主轴向外穿过涡轮机壳体壁,且围绕曲柄主轴旋转轴线可转动地安置在涡轮机壳体壁中。在曲柄主轴与曲柄臂之间的过渡区域内设有止挡凸肩,操纵臂利用该止挡凸肩贴靠在涡轮机壳体壁的对应止挡上或者贴靠在主轴轴承套上。由此确定了操纵臂相对于涡轮机壳体壁的轴向位置,同时按照简单的迷宫式密封的方式将曲柄主轴轴承的轴承间隙封闭,以防止废气流出即所谓的“漏气”。本发明的特征在于,与止挡凸肩邻接地,在朝向涡轮机壳体壁的曲柄臂内侧,设有弯曲应力减轻袋槽,其使得弯曲应力在曲柄臂与曲柄主轴之间的过渡区域中均匀地分布。
采用本发明将实现如下优点。首先,由于给定的杠杆比,使用球头阀能实现废气门-阀的良好的密封,且操纵力比较小。此外,弯曲应力减轻袋槽负责使得应力线在操纵曲柄中特别是在曲柄臂与曲柄主轴之间的过渡区域中和在止挡凸肩的区域中均匀地分布。通过这种方式,有效地避免了比如以前在止挡凸肩的区域中出现的由作用到操纵曲柄上的增大的法向力产生的弯曲应力尖峰,而无需在几何形状或材料技术方面增强对操纵曲柄的设计。同时可以实现使得止挡凸肩保持已知的形状,这对于曲柄主轴轴承的密封来说意义重大。
从属权利要求中公开了本发明的有利设计。
根据本发明的一种有利的设计,弯曲应力减轻袋槽在曲柄臂中沿径向朝向曲柄主轴旋转轴线伸展,将止挡凸肩底切,直至伸展到曲柄主轴-外直径的区域中,并在那里构造的其袋槽基底处具有倒圆的轮廓。由此保证弯曲应力线在曲柄臂中沿着弯曲应力减轻袋槽围绕袋槽基底的倒圆轮廓伸展,进而以较小的弧度经过止挡凸肩伸入到曲柄主轴中。由此在边棱尖锐的(90°角)止挡凸肩处不会出现令人担心的应力尖峰,且能避免因在该处出现的切槽效应所致的构件提前失效。
已表明特别有利的是,在弯曲应力减轻袋槽的袋槽基底处的倒圆的轮廓具有介于0.2mm和1.5mm之间的半径。由此一方面保证曲柄臂的材料厚度不会过于减小,另一方面,在袋槽基底处有足够大圆度,以便避免严重的应力尖峰。
本发明的另一设计的特征是,弯曲应力减轻袋槽沿着曲柄臂内侧,即在由曲柄主轴和曲柄臂夹成的弯角的内侧,在曲柄臂的面向涡轮机壳体壁的一侧延伸,且在两侧分别被增强肋限定。增强肋的伸展情况以及弯曲应力减轻袋槽的伸展情况在此随同曲柄臂的伸展情况。对弯曲应力减轻袋槽的这种设计得到了在制造技术上有利的曲柄臂几何形状,同时保证在工作中的废气力作用下克制曲柄臂弯曲的高的坚固性,尽管曲柄臂的材料厚度因弯曲应力减轻袋槽而减小。
此外有利的是,在曲柄臂内侧对增强肋高度进行选定,使得这些增强肋从曲柄臂内侧朝向曲柄主轴旋转轴线最多伸展至止挡凸肩的区域中。通过这种方式保证在工作中的废气力作用下克制曲柄臂弯曲的最大的曲柄臂坚固性,同时,这种造型能实现明显节省曲柄臂的材料,这又随之引起重量轻且成本低。
换句话说,总之,本发明的核心涉及一种废气涡轮增压器,其带有涡轮机壳体和设置在涡轮机壳体中的采用球头构造方式的废气门-阀。废气门-阀的操纵曲柄具有曲柄臂和曲柄主轴,关闭部件就固定在该曲柄臂上,曲柄主轴与曲柄臂一体地连接且安置在涡轮机壳体壁中。在曲柄主轴与曲柄臂之间的过渡区域中设有用于使得曲柄主轴轴承密封的止挡凸肩和弯曲应力减轻袋槽,由此使得弯曲应力在曲柄臂与曲柄主轴之间的过渡区域中均匀地分布,进而保证操纵曲柄的延长的寿命,同时实现节约的设计。
下面参照附图详述本发明的实施例。
其中:
图1为根据现有技术的带有瓣阀的涡轮机壳体的侧剖视图;
图2为根据现有技术的带有球头阀的涡轮机壳体的侧剖视图;
图3为图2的涡轮机壳体的立体剖视图;
图4为本发明的废气涡轮增压器的废气门-机构的剖视图;和
图5为本发明的废气涡轮增压器的废气门-阀的操纵曲柄的三个视图。
功能相同和名称相同的部分在这些附图中统一地标有相同的附图标记。
图1、2和3的主题表明了前述的现有技术,且已在说明书前言部分相应地引用过。
图4所示的球头-废气门-阀采用了与其在本发明的废气涡轮增压器中相同的设计。在操纵曲柄14的曲柄臂6上固定着关闭部件5。关闭部件5具有球缺的一部分,其位于阀座8上,由此密封地封闭废气门-通道3。为了把关闭部件5固定在曲柄臂上,关闭部件5具有固定销21,该固定销穿过在曲柄臂6的端部上的相应的通孔,并利用固定圈22固定在该位置上。操纵臂14的曲柄主轴12穿过涡轮机壳体壁16,并借助主轴轴承套15围绕曲柄主轴旋转轴线7可转动地安置在所述涡轮机壳体壁中。在涡轮机壳体的外侧,有个调节杆13抗扭地与操纵曲柄14的曲柄主轴连接。借助促动器(未示出)对调节杆13施加操纵力,该操纵力作为转矩作用到曲柄主轴12上,并使得操纵曲柄14围绕曲柄主轴旋转轴线7转动。视操纵力的作用方向而定,关闭部件5摆向阀座8或者摆动离开该阀座,从而将废气门-阀关闭或打开。曲柄臂6与曲柄主轴12一起被一体地构造成一个单元,并与曲柄主轴形成90°的角度。在后续过程中,曲柄臂以90°的弧形从曲柄主轴12离开,最后平行于曲柄主轴旋转轴线7伸展。用于关闭部件5的固定销21的容纳孔也以90°的角度设置在曲柄臂的端部上,从而关闭部件5的中轴线相对于曲柄主轴旋转轴线7也以90°的角度布置。废气力FA的作用方向在图4中用标有FA的箭头示出。
在曲柄主轴12与曲柄臂6之间的过渡区域中,在操纵曲柄14上构造有止挡凸肩17,操纵曲柄以该止挡凸肩贴靠在主轴轴承套15的端侧面上,由此预先给定了操纵曲柄的轴向位置。此外,止挡凸肩17由此遮盖住曲柄主轴12与主轴轴承套15之间的轴承间隙,由此用作简单的用于密封轴承间隙的迷宫式密封件。由此避免废气经由轴承间隙吹出(漏气)。从曲柄主轴12的方向观察,弯曲应力减轻袋槽18在曲柄臂中设置于止挡凸肩17之后。
在图5中以三个不同的视图单独示出了操纵曲柄14,如由该图可特别清楚地看出,弯曲应力减轻袋槽18在曲柄臂6中径向地朝向曲柄主轴旋转轴线7伸展,将止挡凸肩底切,直至伸展到曲柄主轴-外直径D的区域中,并在那里构造的其袋槽基底19处形成倒圆的具有半径R的轮廓。由于这种开槽,减小了曲柄臂6的材料厚度。为了补偿这种减小,曲柄臂(6)在其旁侧边缘上设有增强肋20,这些增强肋侧向地限定了弯曲应力减轻袋槽18,且明显有助于增强曲柄臂6。操纵曲柄14的剖视图B-B在图5的系列视图中位于右下方,由该剖视图可见,增强肋20的高度H经过选定,使得这些增强肋沿着曲柄主轴旋转轴线7的方向伸展至止挡凸肩17,从而在一个平面上过渡至止挡凸肩17。
总之,操纵曲柄14具有相对复杂的几何形状。曲柄臂6首先与曲柄主轴12形成90°的角度,以便在其后续延展中再次经历一个90°的弧形,从而曲柄臂6经过该弧形后平行于曲柄主轴旋转轴线7伸展。在曲柄臂6的背离曲柄主轴12的端部上布置着容纳孔23,用于借助固定圈22容纳关闭部件5的固定销21(见图4)。在此,容纳孔23相对于曲柄主轴旋转轴线错开距离V地布置在曲柄臂6的端部上。由此在废气门-阀的关闭状态下,废气力FA(见图4)不仅引起作用到操纵曲柄14上的弯曲力,而且通过错开距离V同时引起转矩或曲柄力矩。
Claims (5)
1.一种废气涡轮增压器,带有涡轮机壳体和处于涡轮机壳体中的废气门的阀,涡轮机壳体具有涡轮机壳体壁(16),其中,该废气门的阀是球头阀,且具有球缺形关闭部件(5)、操纵曲柄(14)和曲柄主轴(12),操纵曲柄带有曲柄臂(6),关闭部件(5)固定在该曲柄臂上,曲柄主轴与曲柄臂(6)一体地连接,且围绕曲柄主轴旋转轴线(7)能够转动地安置在涡轮机壳体壁(16)中,其中,在曲柄主轴(12)与曲柄臂(6)之间的过渡区域内设有止挡凸肩(17),
其特征在于,
与止挡凸肩(17)邻接地,在朝向涡轮机壳体壁(16)的曲柄臂内侧,设有弯曲应力减轻袋槽(18),该弯曲应力减轻袋槽使得弯曲应力在曲柄臂(6)与曲柄主轴(12)之间的过渡区域中均匀地分布。
2.如权利要求1所述的废气涡轮增压器,其特征在于,弯曲应力减轻袋槽(18)在曲柄臂(6)中沿径向朝向曲柄主轴旋转轴线(7)伸展,将止挡凸肩(17)底切,直至伸展到所述曲柄主轴(12)的外直径(D)的区域中,并在所述外直径(D)的区域中构造的袋槽基底(19)处具有倒圆的轮廓。
3.如权利要求2所述的废气涡轮增压器,其特征在于,在袋槽基底(19)处的倒圆的轮廓具有介于0.2mm和1.5mm之间的半径(R)。
4.如权利要求2所述的废气涡轮增压器,其特征在于,弯曲应力减轻袋槽(18)沿着曲柄臂内侧延伸,且在两侧分别被增强肋(20)限定。
5.如权利要求4所述的废气涡轮增压器,其特征在于,在曲柄臂内侧对增强肋(20)的高度(H)进行选定,使得所述增强肋朝向曲柄主轴旋转轴线(7)最多伸展至止挡凸肩的区域中。
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DE102011076587.5 | 2011-05-27 | ||
PCT/EP2012/058506 WO2012163638A1 (de) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-09 | Abgasturbolader mit einem kugelhahn-wastegate-ventil mit spannungsentlastetem kurbelarm |
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WO2015097786A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-25 | 2015-07-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | ウェイストゲートバルブ装置 |
EP2915977B1 (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2018-10-10 | Honeywell International Inc. | Turbine wastegate |
DE112015002919T5 (de) | 2014-06-20 | 2017-03-09 | Ihi Corporation | Turbolader |
CN106030089B (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2018-09-11 | 爱三工业株式会社 | 双偏心阀 |
US20160177806A1 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-23 | Caterpillar Inc. | Exhaust Outlet Elbow Center Divider Connection |
US9447754B1 (en) | 2015-07-02 | 2016-09-20 | Bright Acceleration Technologies LLC | Method and apparatus for internal combustion engine system with improved turbocharging |
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US10364739B2 (en) | 2016-09-01 | 2019-07-30 | Bright Acceleration Technologies LLC | Synergistic induction and turbocharging in internal combustion engine systems |
US10697357B2 (en) | 2016-09-01 | 2020-06-30 | Bright Acceleration Technologies LLC | Cross-port air flow to reduce pumping losses |
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JP6724826B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-13 | 2020-07-15 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 過給機 |
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DE102018217602A1 (de) * | 2018-10-15 | 2020-04-16 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Abgasturbine eines Abgasturboladers mit einer abgedichteten Wastegate-Ventileinrichtung sowie Abgasturbolader |
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