CN103700302B - A kind of pyrolysis of waste integrated experimental device for education experiment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of teaching pyrolysis of waste integrated experimental device, for studying the process of electron wastes non-metal powder pyrolysis resource produce oil.This device comprises the compositions such as pyrolysis reactor, heating arrangement, programme regulator for temperature, temperature probe and condenser.Apparatus structure is simple, easy to operate, be easy to dismounting, good seal performance, is applicable to undergraduate and carries out the experimental teaching of pyrolysis of waste resource.This device not only enhances pyrolysis reactor heat-transfer effect, and efficiently solve owing to heating the more problem of the uneven pyrolytic reaction incomplete sum accessory substance caused, effectively have collected pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis solid residue simultaneously, the acidic liquid adsorbent that advances into that pyrolysis off-gas is entering air of cooling is effectively adsorbed, avoid the pollution of pyrolysis off-gas to environment, reach gratifying experiment effect, this invention is suitable for University Environment, chemical student carries out pyrolysis of waste resource education experiment.

Description

An integrated experimental device for waste pyrolysis used in teaching experiments

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of experimental teaching for courses related to waste pyrolysis and resource utilization, in particular to an integrated waste pyrolysis experimental device used for teaching experiments.

Background technique

With the progress and development of science and technology, the connotation and extension of environmental science and engineering disciplines have been continuously expanded, which puts forward higher requirements for the experimental teaching necessary to cultivate high-quality environmental talents. To this end, while maintaining the advantages and functions of traditional experimental teaching, according to the development needs of environmental disciplines, actively explore and establish teaching projects that are consistent with the development level of the discipline and suitable for undergraduate experiments, so as to organically combine traditional experimental teaching with the development needs of the discipline. , to complement each other and achieve the best combination.

Electronic waste is a new type of waste. In recent years, it has become the fastest-growing solid waste in the world. Its growth rate is three times that of ordinary solid waste. It has the characteristics of environmental hazards and resource recycling value. The treatment and resource utilization of electronic waste has become the focus and focus of current research. However, at present, domestic colleges and universities only offer solid waste experiments mainly for domestic garbage among undergraduates, and the teaching of e-waste treatment and recycling experiments is still in the exploratory stage, especially the teaching of e-waste non-metallic powder pyrolysis and recycling. Experiments have not been reported yet. The successful research and development of this experimental teaching device not only embodies the characteristics of the frontier development of the subject and solving practical environmental problems, but also pays attention to the innovation of experimental projects and the significance of practical application, and further improves the experimental content of solid waste for undergraduates, becoming an improvement in the level of experimental teaching. Important content with innovation. The experimental device meets the experimental needs of undergraduate students, and has the characteristics of strong multiple sets, easy operation, reasonable price, and good experimental teaching effect. At the same time, it effectively solves the problem that the engineering or scientific research device system is complex, large in size and high in cost, and students can only conduct visits or demonstration experiments, and improves the experimental effect of students.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an integrated experimental device for pyrolysis of waste for teaching, which is suitable for pyrolysis experiments of electronic waste and other organic polymer materials. The experimental device has simple structure, convenient operation, easy disassembly, and good sealing performance. Good, it can meet the experimental teaching needs of college students majoring in environment, chemical engineering and other related majors.

In order to achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention is:

A waste pyrolysis integrated experimental device for teaching experiments proposed by the present invention consists of a material tank 2, a pyrolysis reactor 3, an elbow 5, a gas-liquid collector 6, a condenser 7, and a gas-liquid delivery pipe 8 , a gas-liquid separator 9, an oil cup 10 and an exhaust gas exhaust pipe 11, characterized in that: the pyrolysis reactor 3 is placed horizontally, the condenser 7 is placed vertically, and the pyrolysis reactor 3 is provided with a thermocouple, and the pyrolysis One end of the reactor 3 is connected to the inlet pipe 1, and the other end is connected to the elbow 5. The feed tank 2 is arranged in the center of the pyrolysis reactor 3, and the elbow 5 is connected to the upper end of the condenser 7. The upper end of the condenser 7 is provided with an arc-shaped The gas-liquid collector 6 and the condenser 7 are provided with an inclined tube 8, the angle of inclination between the inclined tube 8 and the horizontal plane is 75-80°, the outlet of the gas-liquid collector 6 is aligned with the inclined tube 8, and the gas-liquid separator 9 is rounded Bench-shaped, located below the condenser 7, the other end of the gas-liquid separator 9 is connected to the oil receiving cup 10.

In the present invention, the pyrolysis reactor 3 is connected to the elbow 5 through a sealing ring and a quick-open ferrule, and the elbow 5 is connected to the condenser 7 through a seal ring and a quick-open ferrule; the gas-liquid separator 9 is connected to the oil receiving cup 10 It is connected by a sealing ring and a quick release ferrule.

In the present invention, the inclined pipes 8 are pyrolysis gas-liquid delivery pipes, several inclined pipes 8 are arranged in parallel and evenly distributed in the condenser 7, and the number of eight inclined pipes is 2-5.

In the present invention, the condenser 7 is provided with a pyrolysis waste gas discharge pipe 11, one end of which is connected to the gas-liquid separator 9, and the other end is led out through the inner wall of the condenser and discharged after being absorbed by two sets of acid liquid absorption devices.

In the present invention, the condensed water in the condenser 7 is circulated by a pump.

In the present invention, when the device is in use, the pyrolysis reactor 3 is placed in the heating device 13 , the gas inlet pipe 1 is connected to the nitrogen cylinder, and the heating device 13 is connected to the temperature program controller 12 .

In the present invention, the heating element in the heating device adopts silicon carbide rods, the heating temperature is up to 1100°C, the double-layer shell structure, and the furnace adopts alumina polycrystalline fiber material, which has the characteristics of balanced temperature field and low surface temperature.

In the present invention, the temperature program controller 12 adopts a 10-segment program temperature control system, phase-shift trigger, and thyristor control.

Owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:

1. Compared with the usual tubular pyrolysis device, this integrated pyrolysis experimental device for teaching has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient disassembly, uniform temperature field, low surface temperature and small volume. The pyrolysis reactor not only increases the heating surface of the material, but also forms a synergistic effect with the heating of the tube wall, which strengthens the heat transfer effect and effectively solves the problem of incomplete pyrolysis reaction and many by-products caused by uneven heating. question.

2. The pyrolysis reactor and the vertical condenser are connected with an elbow of the same pipe diameter, and are connected by a fluorine rubber O-ring and a cartoon-style quick-open ferrule. According to the gas flow direction of the quick-opening ferrule, a stop is added at the outflow end, which can effectively prevent the viscous pyrolysis reaction product from contacting the interface part, and effectively prevent the pyrolysis product from solidifying and accumulating at the sealing connection part, which will cause the upper end cover to be difficult to open In addition, each interface is connected with a cartoon-style quick-release ferrule, which is easy to disassemble and clean each part.

3. The lower end of the condenser and the oil storage cup are connected by a cartoon-type quick-open connection, and the inner wall of the lower end of the condenser adopts a rounded platform structure to ensure that the liquid pyrolysis oil flows into the oil storage cup (glass cup) without causing the pyrolysis oil to Adhesion stuck in joints.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural cross-sectional view of an integrated device for pyrolysis reaction and condensation for teaching in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pyrolysis recycling reaction device for non-metallic powder of electronic waste including the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 .

Numbers in the figure: 1 is the intake pipe, 2 is the trough, 3 is the pyrolysis reactor, 4 is the quick-open ferrule, 5 is the elbow, 6 is the gas-liquid collector, 7 is the condenser, 8 is the inclined pipe, 9 is a gas-liquid separator, 10 is an oil cup, 11 is a waste gas discharge pipe, 12 is a temperature program controller, and 13 is a heating device.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment 1: The pyrolysis reaction condensation integrated device for teaching proposed by the present invention consists of a pyrolysis reactor 3, a hopper 2, a gas-liquid delivery pipe 8, a condenser 7, a gas-liquid separator 9, an oil receiving cup 10, Elbow 5, quick opening ferrule 4 and waste gas discharge pipe 11 etc. are composed, and the structure is as shown in Figure 1. There is a thermocouple inside the pyrolysis reactor 3, the inlet pipe 1 is connected to the left end of the pyrolysis reactor 3, and the right end is connected to the elbow 5 through the quick-open ferrule 4, and is sealed with a fluorine rubber gasket to ensure a good seal sex.

The temperature-measuring thermocouple in the present invention is placed inside the thermocouple casing, arranged on the side wall of the pyrolysis reactor 3, and the inlet pipe 1 is connected with the carrier gas delivery pipe respectively through a tee, so as to prevent the pyrolysis reactor 3 from pyrolyzing The gas-liquid product formed after the product passes through the elbow 5 gathers at the upper end of the condenser 7 to avoid leakage, and an arc-shaped gas-liquid collector 8 is specially arranged at the upper end of the condenser 7 . The pyrolysis gas is transported and condensed by three Φ10mm gas-liquid delivery pipes in the condenser 7 to form liquid oil. In order to prevent liquid oil from accumulating above the oil cup, a gas-liquid separator ⁹ is specially provided, and a 115°C chamfer is formed. The pyrolysis waste gas is discharged with the vertical waste gas exhaust pipe 11.

A feeding trough 2 is arranged in the pyrolysis reactor 3, the left end of the pyrolysis reactor 3 is connected to the inlet pipe 1 by welding, the right end is the discharge end of the pyrolysis product is connected to the elbow, and the elbow 5 is connected to the upper end of the condenser 7. An arc-shaped gas-liquid collector 6 is arranged inside the upper end of the condenser 7, and the collected pyrolysis gas enters three parallel inclined tubes in the condenser 7, and the inclination angle of the inclined tubes is controlled ^at about 75°, and the condensed liquid passes through the gas The liquid separator flows into the oil receiving cup 10, and the gas-liquid separator 9 is in the shape of a rounded frustum. The condensed pyrolysis waste gas rises along the Φ10mm vertical pipe and enters the environment. Each connection is provided with a quick-open ferrule 4, and is sealed with a fluororubber gasket to ensure the sealing performance of the entire device.

The pyrolysis reactor 3 is made of high-temperature-resistant stainless steel SUS310S tube with an outer diameter of φ42 and a length of 40 cm, and is placed horizontally. The raw material tank is placed in the center of the pyrolysis reactor, which is used to place the pyrolysis raw materials before the reaction and the pyrolysis residue after the reaction. Coking is conducive to the removal of residues. One end of the pyrolysis reactor 3 is closed, with two small holes, one of which is connected to the external carrier gas to push the reaction gas in the pyrolysis reactor to flow toward the outlet of the reaction product. The thermocouple is used to correctly measure the reaction temperature in the pyrolysis reactor; the other end is connected to the vertical condenser 7 through the elbow 5 of the same pipe diameter, and is connected by a fluororubber O-ring and a cartoon-type quick-opening ferrule. According to the gas flow direction of the quick-open ferrule, a stop is added at the outflow end to facilitate operation and prevent liquid oil residue.

Three φ10mm inclined tubes 8 are installed in the condenser 7, and the inclined tubes 8 have an inclination angle of 75°, which are used as pyrolysis gas-liquid delivery pipes, parallel and evenly distributed with the condenser 7, so that the oil-containing pyrolysis gas at a certain temperature can quickly pass through and condense To become pyrolysis oil, the inner wall of the quick-open ferrule at the lower end of the condenser 7 adopts a rounded table shape to promote the liquid oil to fall into the oil receiving cup 10 (glass cup) to prevent the liquid oil from remaining at the interface. The condensed water is circulated by the pump At103 to make it continuously circulated.

Pyrolysis waste gas exhaust and adsorption system, a pyrolysis waste gas discharge pipe φ10mm is installed in the condenser, parallel to the condenser, the lower end is connected with the gas-liquid separator 9, and the upper end is led out through the side wall of the condenser 7 after passing through the elbow and passed through 2 groups of acidic liquid adsorption devices are adsorbed and then discharged to avoid the impact of pyrolysis gas on the environment.

As shown in Fig. 2, it is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the pyrolysis reaction integrated experimental device for teaching of the present invention. The present invention is located in the heating device 13, and the inlet pipe 1 is connected to the nitrogen cylinder.

The heating device 13 uses silicon carbide rods as its heating element, and the maximum heating temperature is 1100°C. It has a double-layer shell structure, and the furnace is made of alumina polycrystalline fiber material. It has the characteristics of balanced temperature field, low surface temperature, and small furnace volume.

The temperature program controller 12 sets the temperature rise rate for the target temperature required by the pyrolysis reactor 3, adopts a 10-stage program temperature control system, phase-shift trigger, and thyristor control to realize an adjustable temperature rise program.

In order to verify the oil production situation of the experimental device invented, the specific circumstances are as follows:

(1) Use banana water to treat the inner wall of the experimental device reactor 3, the elbow 5, the gas-liquid collector 6 installed in the condenser, the gas-liquid conveyor 8, the gas-liquid separator 9, the exhaust gas exhaust pipe 11 and the oil connection Cup 10 is rinsed to remove residual substances;

(2) Weigh non-metal fine particle material m=49g;

(3) Experimental parameters: carrier gas - argon, air flow - 1L/min, programmed temperature rise - 8.94°C/min, holding temperature - 500°C (holding time 30min);

(4) At the end of the experiment, take out the residual solid after calcination and weigh 36.2636g, calculate the theoretical oil production (with some pyrolysis gas) as 12.7364g, and the theoretical oil production rate is 25.99%;

(5) It has been verified through multiple experiments that the experimental effect is better when the material is 50g and the temperature is kept at 500°C for 30 minutes.

Claims (7)

1. the pyrolysis of waste integrated experimental device for education experiment, by hopper (2), pyrolysis reactor (3), elbow (5), gas and liquid collecting device (6), condenser (7), inclined tube (8), gas-liquid separator (9), connect lubricating cup (10) and exhaust pipe (11) composition, it is characterized in that: pyrolysis reactor (3) horizontal positioned, condenser (7) is vertically placed, pyrolysis reactor is provided with thermopair in (3), pyrolysis reactor (3) one end connects draft tube (1), the other end is connected with elbow (5), pyrolysis reactor (3) central authorities arrange reinforced hopper (2), elbow (5) is connected with condenser (7) upper end, condenser (7) inside, upper end arranges circular arc pyrolysis gas collection (6), inclined tube (8) is provided with in condenser (7), inclined tube (8) and horizontal plane angle are 75-80 °, the outlet of gas and liquid collecting device (6) connects inclined tube (8), gas-liquid separator (9) is in reverse frustoconic, be positioned at condenser (7) below, gas-liquid separator (9) other end connects lubricating cup (10), exhaust pipe (11) one end is connected with gas-liquid separator (9) upper end, and the other end passes into acidic liquid absorption plant after bend pipe.

2. the pyrolysis of waste integrated experimental device for education experiment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that pyrolysis reactor (3) and elbow (5) are by O-ring seal with open cutting ferrule soon and be connected, elbow (5) and condenser (7) are by O-ring seal and open cutting ferrule soon and be connected; Gas-liquid separator (9) with connect lubricating cup (10) by O-ring seal with open cutting ferrule soon and be connected.

3. the pyrolysis of waste integrated experimental device for education experiment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described inclined tube (8) is for pyrolysis gas-liquid delivery pipe, some inclined tubes (8) are arranged in parallel, be uniformly distributed in condenser (7), inclined tube (8) radical is 2-5 root.

4. the pyrolysis of waste integrated experimental device for education experiment according to claim 1, is characterized in that condenser (7) interior condensate water is circulated by pump.

5. the pyrolysis of waste integrated experimental device for education experiment according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that the described pyrolysis of waste integrated experimental device for education experiment uses, pyrolysis reactor (3) is positioned in heating arrangement (13), draft tube (1) is connected with nitrogen cylinder, and heating arrangement (13) is connected with programme regulator for temperature (12).

6. the pyrolysis of waste integrated experimental device for education experiment according to claim 5, it is characterized in that the heating element in described heating arrangement adopts Elema, heating-up temperature is up to 1100 DEG C, double-layer shell structure, burner hearth adopts aluminum oxide polycrystal body fibrous material, has the equilibrium of warm field, the low feature of surface temperature.

7. the pyrolysis of waste integrated experimental device for education experiment according to claim 5, it is characterized in that described programme regulator for temperature (12) adopts 10 sections of temperature programmed control systems, this controller adopts SCR control.