CN103695680B - 一种Fe、W、C三元相碳化物Fe6W6C的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种Fe、W、C三元相碳化物Fe6W6C及其制备方法,主要采取以下步骤:采用还原铁粉(纯度99%,粒度小于150μm,国药集团)、W粉(纯度99.9%,粒度小于150μm,国药集团)、碳粉(纯度99.9%,国药集团)作为反应物原料,按Fe:W:C=(4~6):(4~6):(1~2)的化学计量比配制成Fe-W-C混合粉末。将一定量原料混合粉末与磨球加入球磨罐后,对球磨罐抽真空后通入氩气,在氩气保护下放在QM-3SP4行星式球磨机进行球磨。对于Fe-W-C混合粉末进行30~50h。球磨采用直径0.7mm的钢球,球料比为(7~10):1,球磨机转速为400~500r/min。取出则得到以三元相碳化物Fe6W6C。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料合成领域,具体涉及一种Fe、W、C三元相碳化物Fe6W6C的制备方法
背景技术
1964年WalterKohn,Hohenberg等人提出了密度泛函理论(DFT)为理论基础的第一性原理计算方法,之后DFT成为凝聚态物理领域计算电子结构及其特性最有力的工具。通过DFT计算可以得到各类体系的电子运动状态及相关的微观信息,能合理地解释或预测原子间的键合、分子的结构、化学反应的过程以及物质的性质等。目前DFT计算已在研究固体体相微结构、固-液界面以及表面吸附等的过程中得到了成功应用。特别是近几年来,DFT计算在复合材料界面方面的研究也取得了重要的进展:例如Han和Dai等人通过计算TiB2(0001)表面和Al(111)/TiB2(0001)界面的自由能,发现HCP堆垛类型的Ti原子的终止界面稳定性最高,而Ti原子终止界面的结合功经计算也大于B原子终止界面的结合功,这表明随着构建界面的两个表面活性增加,所构建界面的结合功即增大,这一结果为铝基TiB2涂层以及TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备奠定了理论基础。Siegel等人发现W原子终止的WC表面和Al(111)/WC(0001)界面具有较低的表面能和界面自由能,而C原子的终止界面结合强度高于W原子的终止界面结合强度;随后他们又建立了大量陶瓷相(碳化物、氮化物、氧化物陶瓷等)增强Al基复合材料界面结合能的数据库,发现由非极性表面构建的界面结构具有较小的界面结合强度。Gong等人通过对Ni/Ni3Al界面掺杂Re、Ru、Cr、Co、Mo、W、Ta等元素的热力学、力学性质的密度泛函理论计算,系统阐述了Ni基超合金Ni/Ni3Al界面与不同掺杂元素间的作用机理。王绍青等人认为:以非金属原子作为陶瓷材料的结合表面,有利于实现金属与陶瓷材料间的高强度结合,如对于Al/TiN界面,可提高结合强度11%左右,此外他们经计算提出通过调节气相沉积过程中的氮气偏压可以实现对Al/TiN界面原子结构的有效控制。
Fe6W6C属于过渡族金属碳化物M6W6C,这是一类具有高硬度、高熔点及优良导热性的η型化合物。使用密度泛函理论计算研究物质结构和本征性质时,仅需要了解物质的晶体结构,便可以计算得到电子结构,热力学参数等多种基本性质,对于难于制备的材料的研究具有重大的价值。我们将使用DFT为基础的第一性原理计算Fe6W6C的体相。
在材料加工领域内,球磨是通过磨球的冲击作用以及磨球与球磨内壁的研磨作用而粉碎、混合物料的过程。机械合金化则是通过高能球磨使粉末经反复的变形、冷焊、破碎,从而实现合金化的一个复杂物理化学过程。通过机械合金化,能够极大的提高固体的反应特性以及粉末混合的均匀性,并显著降低反应温度,因此可用于制备Fe6W6C三元碳化物。
目前,对于三元碳化物,用机械合金化(MA)技术是制备此种新型高性能材料的重要途径之一。采用MA工艺制备的材料具有均匀细小的显微组织和弥散的强化相,力学性能往往优于传统工艺制备的同类材料。机械合金化(MechanicalAlloying,简称MA)是指金属或合金粉末在高能球磨机中通过粉末颗粒与磨球之间长时间激烈地冲击、碰撞,使粉末颗粒反复产生冷焊、断裂,导致粉末颗粒中原子扩散,从而获得合金化粉末的一种粉末制备技术。
机械合金化粉末并非像金属或合金熔铸后形成的合金材料那样,各组元之间充分达到原子间结合,形成均匀的固溶体或化合物。在大多数情况下,在有限的球磨时间内仅仅使各组元在那些相接触的点、线和面上达到或趋近原子级距离,并且最终得到的只是各组元分布十分均匀的混合物或复合物。当球磨时间非常长时,在某些体系中也可通过固态扩散,使各组元达到原子间结合而形成合金或化合物。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种Fe、W、C三元相碳化物Fe6W6C及其制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的制备方法如下:
1)取还原铁粉、W粉、纳米碳粉按还原铁粉:W粉:纳米碳粉=(4~6):(4~6):(1~2)的化学原子计量比配制成Fe-W-C混合粉末;
2)将Fe-W-C混合粉末与WC或不锈钢磨球加入球磨罐后,对球磨罐抽真空后通入氩气,在氩气保护下球磨;
3)球磨完成后在通有惰性气体的保护手套箱中取出粉末即得到以Fe6W6C为主的粉末。
所述的还原铁粉的纯度为99%,粒度小于150μm;
W粉的纯度99.9%,粒度小于150μm;
纳米碳粉的纯度99.9%,粒度小于150μm。
所述的球磨采用QM-3SP4行星式球磨机,球磨时间为50~100h,磨球直径为5~12mm,磨球与Fe-W-C混合粉末的质量比为(7~10):1,球磨机转速为400~500r/min。
按本发明的制备方法制成的Fe、W、C三元相碳化物Fe6W6C,其粉末颗粒度≥10μm,Fe6W6C的质量含量≥80%。
由于原料粉末的均匀混合十分困难,故三元碳化物在原材料熔点以下的温度是很难直接合成的。本发明采用Fe粉,W粉,C粉三种单质粉放入球磨机中通过长时间合金化从而获得Fe6W6C,则能够极大的提高固体的反应特性以及粉末混合的均匀性,并显著降低反应温度。
由于经过长时间的机械合金化,粉末颗粒不仅发生机械合金化反应,并且其颗粒度也同时急剧变小,因此球磨后的粉末表面能急剧增大,并且有时不能冷却彻底。如若不能冷却充分,粉末直接接触空气中的氧气易发生急剧氧化反应甚至发生燃烧,通有惰性气体的保护手套箱中取出粉末。
附图说明
图1是球磨后的粉末颗粒TEM图。
图2是Fe-W-C混合粉末球磨100h后的SEM能谱面扫描分析。
由图1的TEM图中可以看出Fe3W3C颗粒粒度为5μm,并且颗粒边缘尖锐,说明经过了高能量的球磨后,粉末明显变细小并且尖锐化。
图2中:图2(a)为Fe元素的面扫描照片,可以观察到固溶的Fe元素均匀分布于整个粉末体系中。图2(b)为W元素的面扫描照片,可以发现相对于Fe元素,W元素的分布并不均匀,这是由于机械合金化反应围绕细化的W晶粒进行,故W元素在图(b)中呈现聚集趋势。图2(c)为Fe,W两种元素在同一区域内的面扫描图谱,可以发现Fe、W共同存在的区域显示为黄色,即为通过机械合金化产生的三元碳化物Fe6W6C。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
1)采用还原铁粉(纯度99%,粒度小于150μm,国药集团)、W粉(纯度99.9%,粒度小于150μm,国药集团)、纳米碳粉(纯度99.9%,粒度小于150μm,国药集团)作为反应物原料,按还原铁粉:W粉:纳米碳粉=4:5:1的化学原子计量比配制成Fe-W-C混合粉末;
2)将Fe-W-C混合粉末与WC或不锈钢磨球加入球磨罐后,对球磨罐抽真空后通入氩气,在氩气保护下放在QM-3SP4行星式球磨机进行球磨。球磨时间为50h,磨球直径为8mm,磨球与Fe-W-C混合粉末的质量比为10:1,球磨机转速为500r/min。
3)球磨后由于粉末粒度变小,粉末的表面能急剧增大,并且有时不能冷却彻底,如直接在空气中开罐粉末易发生氧化甚至燃烧,因此需要在通有惰性气体的保护手套箱中取出粉末即得到以Fe6W6C为主的粉末。
经过XRD测试,所得Fe6W6C粉末材料的粒度为≥10μm,Fe6W6C的含量为80wt%。
实施例子2
1)采用还原铁粉(纯度99%,粒度小于150μm,国药集团)、W粉(纯度99.9%,粒度小于150μm,国药集团)、纳米碳粉(纯度99.9%,粒度小于150μm,国药集团)作为反应物原料,按还原铁粉:W粉:纳米碳粉=5:4:1.5的化学原子计量比配制成Fe-W-C混合粉末;
2)将Fe-W-C混合粉末与WC或不锈钢磨球加入球磨罐后,对球磨罐抽真空后通入氩气,在氩气保护下放在QM-3SP4行星式球磨机进行球磨。球磨时间为80h,磨球直径为5mm,磨球与Fe-W-C混合粉末的质量比为8:1,球磨机转速为400r/min。
3)球磨后由于粉末粒度变小,粉末的表面能急剧增大,并且有时不能冷却彻底,如直接在空气中开罐粉末易发生氧化甚至燃烧,因此需要在通有惰性气体的保护手套箱中取出粉末即得到以Fe6W6C为主的粉末。
所得Fe6W6C粉末的粒度为≥10μm,Fe6W6C的含量为86wt%。
实施例3:
1)采用还原铁粉(纯度99%,粒度小于150μm,国药集团)、W粉(纯度99.9%,粒度小于150μm,国药集团)、纳米碳粉(纯度99.9%,粒度小于150μm,国药集团)作为反应物原料,按还原铁粉:W粉:纳米碳粉=6:6:2的化学原子计量比配制成Fe-W-C混合粉末;
2)将Fe-W-C混合粉末与WC或不锈钢磨球加入球磨罐后,对球磨罐抽真空后通入氩气,在氩气保护下放在QM-3SP4行星式球磨机进行球磨。球磨时间为100h,磨球直径为12mm,磨球与Fe-W-C混合粉末的质量比为7:1,球磨机转速为450r/min。
3)球磨后由于粉末粒度变小,粉末的表面能急剧增大,并且有时不能冷却彻底,如直接在空气中开罐粉末易发生氧化甚至燃烧,因此需要在通有惰性气体的保护手套箱中取出粉末即得到以Fe6W6C为主的粉末。
Claims (1)
1.一种Fe、W、C三元相碳化物Fe6W6C的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)取还原铁粉、W粉、纳米碳粉按还原铁粉:W粉:纳米碳粉=(4~6):(4~6) :(1~2)的化学原子计量比配制成Fe-W-C混合粉末;其中,还原铁粉的纯度为99%,粒度小于150μm;W粉的纯度99.9%,粒度小于150μm;纳米碳粉的纯度99.9%,粒度小于150μm;
2)将Fe-W-C混合粉末与WC或不锈钢磨球加入球磨罐后,对球磨罐抽真空后通入氩气,在氩气保护下球磨;其中,球磨采用QM-3SP4行星式球磨机,球磨时间为50~100h,磨球直径为5~12mm,磨球与Fe-W-C混合粉末的质量比为(7~10):1,球磨机转速为400~500r/min;
3)球磨完成后在通有惰性气体的保护手套箱中取出粉末即得到以Fe6W6C为主的粉末。
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CN107227416B (zh) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-11-09 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种M6C型合金碳化物Fe3W3C的制备方法 |
EP3650562B1 (en) | 2017-05-11 | 2023-09-27 | Hyperion Materials & Technologies (Sweden) AB | An iron tungsten borocarbide body for nuclear shielding applications |
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Structural,electronic and magnetic properties of η carbides(Fe3W3C,Fe6W6C,Co3W3C and Co6W6C)from first principles calculations;D.V.Suetin等;《Physica B》;20091231;第40卷(第2期);第3544-3549页 * |
粉末冶金原位制备(Ti,W)C/Fe耐磨覆层材料的研究;郭伦 等;《热加工工艺》;20071231;第36卷(第15期);第50-53页 * |
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