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CN103665141B - 与艰难梭菌细胞毒素b相互作用的蛋白 - Google Patents

与艰难梭菌细胞毒素b相互作用的蛋白 Download PDF

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CN103665141B
CN103665141B CN201310752493.XA CN201310752493A CN103665141B CN 103665141 B CN103665141 B CN 103665141B CN 201310752493 A CN201310752493 A CN 201310752493A CN 103665141 B CN103665141 B CN 103665141B
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魏文胜
袁鹏飞
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Abstract

本发明提供一种与艰难梭菌细胞毒素B相互作用的蛋白,其为硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖CSPG4,或由CSPG4蛋白N端640个氨基酸组成的多肽。本发明首次发现CSPG4具有艰难梭菌细胞毒素B细胞受体的功能,抑制CSPG4的表达或功能可显著降低艰难梭菌细胞毒素B的毒性,为治疗艰难梭菌感染提供了新思路。

Description

与艰难梭菌细胞毒素B相互作用的蛋白
技术领域
本发明涉及蛋白质工程领域,具体地说,涉及一种与艰难梭菌细胞毒素B相互作用的蛋白。
背景技术
艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile)是一种厌氧的革兰氏阳性菌,最早发现于1935年,直到1978年发现该菌与临床长期使用某些抗生素(氨苄青霉素、头孢霉素、红霉素、氯林可霉素等)引起的伪膜性肠炎有关,从而逐渐受到重视。目前,科学界已经公认艰难梭菌感染是临床上抗生素相关性腹泻(antibiotic-associated diarrhoea,AAD)以及假膜性肠炎(pseudomenbranous colitis,PMC)的主要病因。在2013年美国疾病预防与控制中心发布的文件中(ANTIBIOTICRESISTANCE THREATS in the United States,2013)指出,仅在美国一地,每年有超过25万人被艰难梭菌感染,其中14000人因此死亡。每年因治疗艰难梭菌感染所需花费超过10亿美元。
艰难梭菌通过分泌两种外毒素,肠毒素A和细胞毒素B来实现其致病性。其中,毒素B被认为是艰难梭菌感染过程中所必须的外毒素(Lyras,2009)。毒素B通过受体介导的内吞机制进入细胞(Florin,1983),进一步通过糖基转移酶活性使细胞内的GTPase失去活性,从而使肠细胞失去细胞骨架,细胞形态发生变化,肠细胞功能出现异常,引发强烈的腹泻。
由于艰难梭菌具有很强的耐药性,目前尚无一种非常有效的方法治疗艰难梭菌感染(Rupnik,2009)。目前,对于艰难梭菌感染的细胞机制所知甚少,特别是毒素蛋白入胞机制,所应用的宿主受体蛋白尚不清楚。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种与艰难梭菌细胞毒素B相互作用的蛋白。
为了实现本发明目的,本发明的一种与艰难梭菌细胞毒素B相互作用的蛋白,其为硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖CSPG4,其氨基酸序列如SEQID No.1所示,或该序列经替换、缺失或添加一个或几个氨基酸形成的具有同等功能的氨基酸序列。
本发明的另一种与艰难梭菌细胞毒素B相互作用的多肽CSPG4N1-640,其由CSPG4蛋白N端640个氨基酸组成,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.2所示,或该序列经替换、缺失或添加一个或几个氨基酸形成的具有同等功能的氨基酸序列。
本发明还提供一种抗艰难梭菌感染的药物,其有效成分为CSPG4或CSPG4N1-640。
本发明还提供一种用于诊断艰难梭菌感染的试剂,所述试剂中含有CSPG4或CSPG4N1-640。
本发明还提供一种用于诊断艰难梭菌感染的试剂盒,所述试剂盒中包括上述试剂。
本发明还提供CSPG4蛋白在制备抗艰难梭菌感染药物及诊断试剂中的应用。
本发明还提供多肽CSPG4N1-640在制备抗艰难梭菌感染药物及诊断试剂中的应用。
本发明还提供CSPG4基因打靶载体,其构建方法包括以下步骤:
1)基于TALEN基因敲除技术,采用ULtiMATE方法(Yang,2013)组装针对CSPG4编码序列5'-TCCAGCCCCCGGCCT-3'以及5'-CTGGCCAACATAGTC-3'的DNA识别区段,并最终克隆至pGL3-TALEN载体中;
2)基于CRISPR系统的基因敲除载体,以CSPG4编码序列5'-TTGGCCAGACTTGCATCCG-3'为靶序列,通过酶切,将U6启动子、靶序列和gRNA5'-GTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCAAGTTAAAATAAGGCTAGTCCGTTATCAACTTGAAAAAGTGGCACCGAGTCGGTGCTTTTTTT-3'依次连接,并克隆至pGL3-basic载体中,即得CSPG4基因打靶载体。
本发明还提供含有上述打靶载体的宿主细胞,其为人或哺乳动物细胞。
本发明首次发现CSPG4是艰难梭菌细胞毒素B的细胞受体。对CSPG4表达抑制可以显著降低毒素B对细胞的毒性。考虑到毒素B在艰难梭菌感染中的不可或缺的作用,CSPG4将是治疗艰难梭菌感染的重要靶点。
CSPG4基因(GenBank:NM_001897)最初作为黑色素瘤的标志物被发现,截至目前,已发现CSPG4在正常组织的发育和功能上也发挥一定的作用。本发明首次发现CSPG4在艰难梭菌细胞毒素B在毒性作用中起到关键作用。抑制CSPG4表达能显著降低艰难梭菌细胞毒素B的毒性。
本发明通过构建全基因组shRNA文库结合高通量测序技术,经细胞毒素B筛选后,首次发现CSPG4在艰难梭菌细胞毒素B发挥毒性过程中起关键作用。通过TALEN以及CRISPR等基因敲除技术,在HeLa和HT29细胞中完全抑制CSPG4基因的表达,由此明显抑制了TcdB的毒性。同时,克隆并表达了CSPG4基因的N端肽段CSPG4N1-640,并证明该肽段能竞争性抑制毒素B的细胞毒性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中用70pg/mL TcdB处理8小时后,shRNA文库细胞中仍含有保持明显形态,即对TcdB不敏感的细胞。
图2为本发明实施例1中利用深度测序揭示出针对CSPG4的shRNA在抑制TcdB毒性上具有明显作用。
图3为本发明实施例2中野生型HeLa、CSPG4基因敲除型HeLa(CSPG4-/-)以及CSPG4过表达型HeLa(CSPG4-/-/CSPG4)在TcdB处理下,细胞形态变化情况;其中,a.野生型HeLa、CSPG4基因敲除型HeLa(CSPG4-/-)以及CSPG4过表达型HeLa(CSPG4-/-/CSPG4)在0.1ng/mL TcdB处理八小时后的形态变化情况;b.野生型HeLa、CSPG4基因敲除型HeLa(CSPG4-/-)以及CSPG4过表达型HeLa(CSPG4-/-/CSPG4)在不同浓度TcdB处理时形态变化情况。
图4为本发明实施例2中野生型HeLa、CSPG4基因敲除型HeLa(CSPG4-/-)以及CSPG4过表达型HeLa(CSPG4-/-/CSPG4)在高浓度TcdB处理下,细胞死亡情况。
图5为本发明实施例3中通过Western Blot确定CSPG4表达量与细胞膜内TcdB量的关系;其中,a.野生型HeLa、CSPG4基因敲除型HeLa(CSPG4-/-)以及CSPG4过表达型HeLa(CSPG4-/-/CSPG4)CSPG4表达量与细胞表面结合TcdB的量;b.野生型HeLa、CSPG4基因敲除型HeLa(CSPG4-/-)以及CSPG4过表达型HeLa(CSPG4-/-/CSPG4)细胞中CSPG4表达量与细胞膜结构上TcdB的结合量。
图6为本发明实施例4中SDS-PAGE电泳后,利用考马斯亮蓝染色鉴定CSPG4N1-640的表达纯化情况。
图7为本发明实施例4中Pull-down检测证明TcdB与CSPG4N1-640存在直接的相互作用。ANTXR1N-Fc为阴性对照。
图8为本发明实施例5中使用ImageXpress Micro XL WidefieldHigh Content Screening System观察CSPG4N1-640能够竞争性抑制TcdB的毒性。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段,所用原料均为市售商品。
实施例1全基因组shRNA文库筛选
shRNA文库购自Open-biosystem,共65000条shRNA,针对人类的20000个基因。通过慢病毒系统将该文库构建于HeLa细胞中。使用含70pg/mL TcdB的培养基培养2×106个HeLa细胞,8小时后,使用移液器除去被TcdB侵染的细胞,并更换为正常的培养基培养3天。重复操作6次后,收集对TcdB具有抗性的HeLa细胞(图1),利用引物(5'-ACGTCGAGGTGCCCGAAGGA-3'和5'-TACATCTGTGGCTTCACTA-3')进行PCR扩增,进一步通过深度测序确定针对CSPG4的shRNA能够抑制TcdB的毒性(图2)。
实施例2CSPG4基因敲除
针对CSPG4基因的TALENs序列如下:5'-TCCAGCCCCCGGCCT-3'(TALENL),5'-CTGGCCAACATAGTC-3'(TALENR)。针对CSPG4基因的CRISPR系统中所使用的靶序列为:5'-TTGGCCAGACTTGCATCCG-3',gRNA序列为:5'-GTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCAAGTTAAAATAAGGCTAGTCCGTTATCAACTTGAAAAAGTGGCACCGAGTCGGTGCTTTTTTT-3'。
将TALENs或CRISPR系统质粒转染进细胞后,选取单克隆,并通过Western Blot确定CSPG4基因敲除的细胞。获得CSPG4基因敲除细胞系后,对比野生型HeLa细胞,以及CSPG4过表达型Hela细胞,使用TcdB处理,并通过细胞形状(图3)及细胞死亡(图4)等表型来评价TcdB的毒性。
实施例3CSPG4表达量直接影响TcdB与细胞表面的结合
将上述CSPG4基因敲除的HeLa细胞和通过慢病毒侵染获得的CSPG4过表达HeLa细胞同步培养后,用含10μg/mL TcdB的培养基在4℃培养一小时。进一步使用PBS清洗5遍,洗去未与细胞表面结合的TcdB。裂解细胞后,通过Western Blot确定CSPG4表达量与细胞表面结合TcdB量的关系。同时,用含10μg/mL TcdB的培养基在37℃培养半小时后,使用FractionPREPTM Cell Fraction Kit分离细胞膜结构,通过Western Blot确定CSPG4表达量与细胞膜内TcdB量的关系(图5)。
实施例4CSPG4蛋白N端肽段直接与TcdB相互作用
编码CSPG4N端前640氨基酸多肽的DNA序列克隆自CSPG4cDNA,装载于pIRES2-Fc-eGFP载体上,转染细胞后能够产生分泌型CSPG4N1-640Fc-tag融合蛋白以及绿色荧光蛋白。该质粒转染至CHO细胞后,利用流式细胞仪分离出表达绿色荧光蛋白的细胞,这些细胞继续培养后,收集培养基,利用HitrapProteinG柱子(GE)分离纯化的的得到CSPG4N1-640多肽(图6)。
将上述得到的CSPG4N1-640与TcdB在PBS中4℃孵育过夜,然后分别使用ProteinA或Ni-NTA Superflow(QiaGen,30450)吸附CSPG4N1-640或TcdB,用PBS洗三次后,通过Western Blot分析两者之间的相互作用(图7)。
实施例5CSPG4蛋白N端肽段竞争性抑制TcdB的细胞毒性
将纯化好的CSPG4N1-640(10μg/mL)与TcdB(100pg/mL)在4℃共同孵育1个小时后加入到HeLa细胞中。使用ImageXpress MicroXL Widefield High Content Screening System通过观测细胞形态变化来评价TcdB的毒性(图8)。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
参考文献
Yang,J.,Yuan,P.,Wen,D.,Sheng,Y.,Zhu,S.,Yu,Y.,Gao,X.,and Wei,W.(2013).ULtiMATEsystem for rapid assembly of customized TAL effectors.PLoS One8,e75649.
Lyras,D.,O'Connor,J.R.,Howarth,P.M.,Sambol,S.P.,Carter,G.P.,Phumoonna,T.,Poon,R.,Adams,V.,Vedantam,G.,Johnson,S.,et al.(2009).Toxin B is essential for virulence of Clostridium difficile.Nature458,1176-1179.
Florin,I.,and Thelestam,M.(1983).Internalization of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin into culturedhuman lung fibroblasts.Biochim Biophys Acta763,383-392.
Rupnik,M.,Wilcox,M.H.,&Gerding,D.N.(2009).Clostridium difficile infection:newdevelopments in epidemiology and pathogenesis.Nature Reviews Microbiology,7(7),526-536.

Claims (7)

1.与艰难梭菌细胞毒素B相互作用的蛋白在制备抗艰难梭菌感染药物、艰难梭菌诊断试剂或艰难梭菌诊断试剂盒中的用途,其特征在于,其为硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖CSPG4,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示。
2.与艰难梭菌细胞毒素B相互作用的多肽,其特征在于,其由CSPG4蛋白N端640个氨基酸组成,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.2所示。
3.一种抗艰难梭菌感染的药物,其特征在于,其有效成分为权利要求1所述蛋白或权利要求2所述多肽。
4.一种用于诊断艰难梭菌感染的试剂,其特征在于,所述试剂中含有权利要求1所述蛋白或权利要求2所述多肽。
5.一种用于诊断艰难梭菌感染的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述试剂盒中包括权利要求4所述试剂。
6.CSPG4蛋白在制备抗艰难梭菌感染药物及诊断试剂中的应用,所述CSPG4蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1或SEQ ID No.2所示。
7.权利要求2所述多肽在制备抗艰难梭菌感染药物及诊断试剂中的应用。
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