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CN103648440B - 减小植入物应力区 - Google Patents

减小植入物应力区 Download PDF

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CN103648440B
CN103648440B CN201280035183.XA CN201280035183A CN103648440B CN 103648440 B CN103648440 B CN 103648440B CN 201280035183 A CN201280035183 A CN 201280035183A CN 103648440 B CN103648440 B CN 103648440B
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orthopaedic implants
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CN103648440A (zh
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K.瓦塔纳贝
H.B.法贝尔
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Smith and Nephew Inc
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Smith and Nephew Richards Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/72Intramedullary devices, e.g. pins or nails
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/12Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
    • A61L31/125Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix
    • A61L31/126Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix containing carbon fillers

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  • Composite Materials (AREA)
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Abstract

一种整形外科植入物包括:主体,其沿纵向方向为细长的并且具有外壁;穿过外壁的一个或多个开口;以及插管,其沿主体的长度设置且由外壁限定,该插管沿纵向方向为非均匀的,其中插管构造成使得植入物的惯性矩沿纵向方向为大致均匀的。

Description

减小植入物应力区
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2011年7月15日提交且名称为“Reducing Implant Stress Zones”的美国临时申请序列No. 61/508,429的优先权和完整权益,该申请的全部内容以引用方式并入本文中。
背景技术
存在用来治疗诸如股骨、肱骨和胫骨的骨骼的骨折的多种装置。例如,已利用诸如髓内钉的整形外科植入物成功治疗股骨骨折,该髓内钉纵向地置于髓管内以连接骨碎片。
发明内容
根据一方面,整形外科植入物包括:主体,其沿纵向方向为细长的并且具有外壁;穿过外壁的一个或多个开口;以及插管(cannulation),其沿主体的长度设置且由外壁限定,该插管沿纵向方向为非均匀的,其中插管构造成使得植入物的惯性矩沿纵向方向为大致均匀的。
该方面的实施可包括下列一个或多个特征。例如,外壁的厚度可以是沿纵向方向大致均匀的。在主体的近端部段处插管的直径可大于在主体的远端部段处插管的直径。在主体的近端部段处外壁的厚度可大致等于在主体的远端部段处外壁的厚度。插管可沿主体的整个长度设置。主体可由碳纤维增强的PEEK制成。主体可由金属制成。
根据另一方面,整形外科植入物包括:主体,其沿纵向方向为细长的并且具有外壁;穿过外壁的一个或多个开口;以及插管,其沿主体的长度设置且由外壁限定,插管沿纵向方向为大致均匀的,其中主体构造成使得应力沿纵向方向均匀分布。
该方面的实施可包括下列一个或多个特征。例如,金属增强物可在具有升高的应力的区域中置于主体中。主体可包括碳纤维增强的PEEK层,并且金属增强物可置于碳纤维增强的PEEK层之间。沿植入物长度的分立部段可成形为各自具有为均匀分布应力而优化的惯性矩。沿植入物长度的分立部段可各自具有为均匀分布应力而优化的材料密度。植入物可包括碳纤维增强的PEEK,并且材料密度可通过碳纤维增强物的百分比而优化,植入物还可包括PAEK。植入物还可包括一个或多个凹坑或腔体,该一个或多个凹坑或腔体构造成在特定部段中弱化植入物以更均匀地分布应力。插管可沿主体的整个长度设置。主体可由碳纤维增强的PEEK制成。主体可由金属制成。
附图说明
图1是具有均匀插管的整形外科植入物的透视图;
图2是具有非均匀插管的整形外科植入物的透视图;
图3是髓内钉的透视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有应力区S1、S2和S3的现有技术的髓内钉100。应力区S1、S2和S3可通过使用有限元分析来识别。应力区S1、S2和S3通常出现在材料厚度和/或形状和/或惯性矩存在变化的地方。在图示实施例中,S1位于近端锁定孔附近,S2出现在钉100改变形状和直径的点处,并且S3出现在远端锁定孔附近。髓内钉100具有插管140,插管140具有均匀的尺寸或直径。换言之,在插管的近端部段中的宽度T1的测量值等于在插管140的远端部段中的宽度T2的测量值。T1和T2示出插管140的尺寸或直径为大致均匀的。在现有技术中,插管140具有大致均匀的尺寸以保持较低的制造成本。然而,具有均匀尺寸的插管140使钉100的壁厚和惯性矩改变,这导致在某些位置中应力升高。此外,具有大致均匀尺寸的插管140使钉100的惯性矩沿钉100的纵向部分改变,这也可具有负面影响。
在一个实施中,整形外科植入物具有大致均匀的惯性矩。作为示例,图2示出髓内钉200。髓内钉200具有近端锁定孔210、远端锁定孔230和插管240。在一些情况下,髓内钉200具有动态化的狭槽220。髓内钉200可由碳纤维增强的PEEK或诸如钛或不锈钢的金属制成。插管240沿纵向方向为非均匀的,使得即使在直径和/或形状变化的情况下,髓内钉200的惯性矩也保持大体均匀。如图2所示,由于沿钉200的纵向部分保持钉200的壁厚的均匀性,即使在直径和/或形状变化的情况下,惯性矩也可沿钉200的纵向部分为大致均匀的。另外,近端部段的壁厚T3可与远端部段的壁厚T4大致相同。具有大体上均匀的惯性矩可减少应力升高并允许应力的更均匀分布。此外,具有大体上均匀壁厚可帮助限制沿装置的纵向部分的惯性矩中的波动,这可改善装置的性能特性。
在备选实施中,插管240可以是均匀的,并且金属增强物可置于具有升高应力的区域中。金属增强物可根据例如有限元分析置于精确的位置中以更均匀地分布应力。在一些情况下,金属增强物可置于碳纤维增强的PEEK层之间。
在另一备选实施中,插管240可以是均匀的,但髓内钉的分立部段可改变形状以更均匀地分布应力。例如,通过使用每个分立部段的有限元分析数据和惯性矩,钉可被设计成均匀地分布应力。
在又一备选实施中,插管240可以是均匀的,但髓内钉的分立部段可改变材料以更均匀地分布应力。例如,通过使用每个分立部段中的有限元分析数据和材料密度,钉可被设计成均匀地分布应力。在一些情况下,碳纤维增强的PEEK钉的所选部段可具有更多或更少百分比的碳纤维增强物。备选地或此外,在一些部段中可代替PEEK而使用诸如PAEK的不同类型的聚合物。
在又一备选实施中,插管240可以是均匀的,但髓内钉的分立部段可设计成包括凹坑或腔体,以在特定部段中弱化钉,从而更均匀地分布应力。
以上所述用于减小应力区的技术可应用于其它构型的长骨或短骨用髓内钉,例如,图3中示出的髓内钉300。优选地,围绕锁定孔302、304、306、308和310的区域可如上所述被修改以更均匀地分布应力。

Claims (15)

1.一种整形外科植入物,包括:
主体,其沿纵向方向为细长的且具有外壁;
一个或多个开口,其穿过所述外壁;以及
插管,其沿所述主体的纵向部分设置且由所述外壁限定,所述插管沿所述主体的所述纵向部分为非均匀的,所述外壁的厚度沿所述主体的所述纵向部分为大致均匀的,
其中,所述植入物的惯性矩沿所述主体的所述纵向部分为大致均匀的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的整形外科植入物,其特征在于,所述主体的所述纵向部分从所述主体的近端部段延伸到所述主体的远端部段。
3.根据权利要求1所述的整形外科植入物,其特征在于,在所述主体的近端部段处所述插管的直径大于在所述主体的远端部段处所述插管的直径。
4.根据权利要求3所述的整形外科植入物,其特征在于,在所述主体的近端部段处所述外壁的厚度大致等于在所述主体的远端部段处所述外壁的厚度。
5.一种整形外科植入物,包括:
主体,其沿纵向方向为细长的且具有外壁;
一个或多个开口,其穿过所述外壁;以及
插管,其沿所述主体的长度设置且由所述外壁限定,所述插管沿所述纵向方向为大致均匀的,其中所述整形外科植入物包括分立部段,所述分立部段能够改变形状或材料,或所述分立部段包括凹坑或腔体,使得所述植入物的惯性矩沿所述主体的长度为大致均匀的,由此使得应力沿所述纵向方向均匀地分布。
6.根据权利要求5所述的整形外科植入物,其特征在于,金属增强物在具有升高的应力的区域中置于所述主体中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的整形外科植入物,其特征在于,所述主体包括碳纤维增强的PEEK层,并且所述金属增强物置于所述碳纤维增强的PEEK层之间。
8.根据权利要求5所述的整形外科植入物,其特征在于,沿所述植入物长度的分立部段成形为各自具有为均匀分布应力而优化的惯性矩。
9.根据权利要求5所述的整形外科植入物,其特征在于,沿所述植入物长度的分立部段各自具有为均匀分布应力而优化的材料密度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的整形外科植入物,其特征在于,所述植入物包括碳纤维增强的PEEK,并且其中,所述材料密度通过改变碳纤维增强物的百分比而优化。
11.根据权利要求10所述的整形外科植入物,其特征在于,所述植入物还包括PAEK。
12.根据权利要求5所述的整形外科植入物,其特征在于,还包括一个或多个凹坑或腔体,所述一个或多个凹坑或腔体构造成在特定部段中弱化所述植入物以更均匀地分布应力。
13.根据权利要求1或5所述的整形外科植入物,其特征在于,所述插管沿所述主体的整个长度设置。
14.根据权利要求1或5所述的整形外科植入物,其特征在于,所述主体由碳纤维增强的PEEK制成。
15.根据权利要求1或5所述的整形外科植入物,其特征在于,所述主体由金属制成。
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US201161508429P 2011-07-15 2011-07-15
US61/508,429 2011-07-15
US61/508429 2011-07-15
PCT/US2012/046681 WO2013012727A2 (en) 2011-07-15 2012-07-13 Reducing implant stress zones

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CN103648440A (zh) 2014-03-19
WO2013012727A2 (en) 2013-01-24
EP2731553A4 (en) 2015-04-15
US20140316409A1 (en) 2014-10-23

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