CN103592888A - Post-processing method for domestic double pendulum head five shaft machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

A post-processing method for converting tool position source files into machining codes for domestic double-swing-head five-axis machine tools. Its characteristic is that the arm length is 0, and the five-axis double-swing head tool center algorithm is used for calculation, which includes: α _C calculated from the tool position source file and extracting the maximum rotation angle α _Cmax ; comparing the maximum rotation angle C _max of the machine tool with The size of the maximum rotation angle α _Cmax , and then compare the difference between the first row rotation angle α _C1 and the second row rotation angle α _C2 of the tool position source file and the size of β _C ; use the corresponding processing method to convert according to the comparison result; finally, the The converted NC code returns to the main program. Its advantage is to calculate the maximum value of the rotation angle of the fifth axis based on the tool position source file generated by the pre-processing and compare it with the limit angle of the machine tool itself, then select the corresponding processing method, and finally obtain a reasonable processing program to improve processing efficiency and machining accuracy.

Description

The rearmounted disposal route of domestic Double swing head five-axis machine tool

Technical field

The present invention relates to multi-axis numerical control manufacture field, particularly relates to a kind of rearmounted disposal route that cutter location file is converted to the domestic Double swing head five-axis machine tool of domestic 5-shaft linkage numerical control machine tooling code.

Background technology

Along with developing rapidly of world today's CNC processing technology, five axle process technologies are widely used in the manufacture field of Aeronautics and Astronautics.The compressor of Aero-Space engine, the monoblock type impeller in fan blower belong to and have the complex-curved part of high precision.Therefore the monoblock type impeller in aeromotor adopts five-axis linkage machine tools processing conventionally, according to the structure difference of five-axis machine tool, can be divided into polytype, difference due to five-axis machine tool type, each turning axle of lathe has unrestricted and limit section, and each is variant, the present invention is mainly for five axle planer-type Double swing head lathes, the turning axle of this lathe is all restricted, especially restricted causing of the 5th axle causes some region time processing not put in place in reality processing, classic method is first in this position line by workpiece, the measurement of employing angel measuring instrument rotates to an angle workpiece and then processes, or when programming, consider the limit anglec of rotation of lathe, at it, in its limit point, divide machining area, programming respectively, postposition is processed out a plurality of program processing.But this classic method needs often to install and remove workpiece, produces positioning error, or increase programming trouble, and obtain a plurality of programs of aftertreatment, lengthened the production time of enterprise, and can not guarantee machining precision.The productivity effect of Zhe Dui enterprise has larger impact.

Summary of the invention

Object of the present invention is exactly mainly for five domestic axle Double swing head lathes, for avoiding the anglec of rotation of this structure lathe the 5th turning axle when exploitation postposition is processed to surpass the extreme angles of lathe self, cause the excess of stroke to be reported to the police and some crosses the problems such as limit interval cannot process, proposed a kind of specially for the rearmounted disposal route of the domestic Double swing head five-axis machine tool of five axle Double swing head lathes.

Solution of the present invention is such:

Whether the present invention adds brachium that two kinds of rearmounted processing modes are provided according to this domestic five-axis machine tool, and compare according to the limiting angle that the cutter spacing source file that pre-process generates calculates the maximal value and lathe self of the 5th axle rotation angle, then select corresponding processing mode.

Double swing head five axles (A, the C axle) linkage machine tool of take is example, illustrates and how to select rearmounted processing mode and how to solve the problems such as lathe the 5th axle rotational angle range transfinites.

The cutter spacing source file being generated by pre-process is a neutral file, comprising: tool-information (diameter, cutter number, cutter number picked up), rotating speed, multiaxis open, the information such as liquid coolant is opened, the cutter spacing position of cutter location and cutter spacing direction vector, this cutter location is all motionless with workpiece, the mode of tool motion obtains, and in the actual processing of this lathe, workpiece also moves, so cutter location information exchange need to be crossed to the spatial kinetics model of this type of lathe, changes, and becomes numerical control code.According to ISO (International Standards Organization) (ISO 841) standard, determine each coordinate axis and the direction of motion of Double swing head five-axis linkage machine tools, according to lathe coordinate system, be the intrinsic coordinate system of lathe itself and cannot change, and the coordinate system that adopts while being the programming of part to be processed of workpiece coordinate, name coordinate system is generally and adds the coordinate system of man-hour definition and consistent with lathe coordinate system direction, creates lathe coordinate system O in this lathe _cx _cy _cz _c﹑ workpiece coordinate system O _mx _my _mz _m﹑ name coordinate system O _rx _ry _rz _rand connect firmly with lathe bed, workpiece, cutter respectively, at workpiece coordinate system O _mx _my _mz _munder, R _w(w _x, w _y, w _z), R _v(v _i, v _j, v _k) represent respectively cutter location cutter spacing position and cutter spacing vector.Each axle of fixation workpiece coordinate system is all consistent with each direction of principal axis of nominal coordinate system, now R _w(w _x, w _y, w _z), R _v(v _i, v _j, v _k) initial position be respectively [0 0 0] ^t[0 0 1] ^t.The anglec of rotation of turning axle A, C is used respectively α _aand α _crepresent.Oscillation centre [X, Y, Z] is pendulum length L and is definite value to the distance of main shaft section, and main shaft end face is to cutter location cutter spacing position R _w(w _x, w _y, w _z) distance be the long K of cutter.Because the distance value from oscillation centre to cutter location cutter spacing position is cutter length and pendulum length sum, therefore the long K of cutter and pendulum length L sum are called to brachium H.The complex-curved digital control processing correlation technique of < < > > with reference to Chen Liangji, according to coordinate transform relation, derives lathe at workpiece coordinate system O _mx _my _mz _munder coordinates of motion value X, Y, Z, α _a, α _cmethod be:

α _A=L _Aarccos(v _k) L _A=(1,-1) (1)α _C=arctan(v _i/v _j)-L _Cπ L _C=(0,1) (2)

$\left[\begin{array}{c}X\\ Y\\ Z\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}{w}_x\\ w_y\\ w_z\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{c}\left(H\right)\sin {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_C\sin {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_A\\ -\left(H\right)\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_C\sin {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_A\\ \left(H\right)\cos {\mathrm{\&alpha;}}_A\end{array}\right]---\left(3\right)$

In formula: α _a, α _cbe respectively the anglec of rotation of turning axle A, C;

(w _x, w _y, w _z), (v _i, v _j, v _k) be respectively cutter location cutter spacing position and cutter spacing vector;

[X, Y, Z] is oscillation centre coordinate;

H is brachium value.

Make α _a=arccos (v _k)=β, α _a1=-β, α _c=arctan (v _i/ v _j)=φ, α _c1=φ ± π.By α _a, α _cwith α _a1, α _c1substitution formula (3) is launched respectively:

$\left[\begin{array}{c}X\\ Y\\ Z\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}{w}_x\\ w_y\\ w_z\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{c}\left(H\right)\sin \mathrm{\&phi;}\sin \mathrm{\&beta;}\\ -\left(H\right)\cos \mathrm{\&phi;}\sin \mathrm{\&beta;}\\ \left(H\right)\cos \mathrm{\&beta;}\end{array}\right]---\left(4\right)$

$\left[\begin{array}{c}{X}_1\\ Y_1\\ Z_1\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}{w}_x\\ w_y\\ w_z\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{c}\left(H\right)\sin (\mathrm{\&phi;}\&PlusMinus;\mathrm{\&pi;})\mathrm{\&alpha;}\sin (-\mathrm{\&beta;})\\ -\left(H\right)\cos (\mathrm{\&phi;}\&PlusMinus;\mathrm{\&pi;})\sin (-\mathrm{\&beta;})\\ \left(H\right)\cos (-\mathrm{\&beta;})\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}{w}_x\\ w_y\\ w_z\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{c}\left(H\right)\sin \mathrm{\&phi;}\sin \mathrm{\&beta;}\\ -\left(H\right)\cos \mathrm{\&phi;}\sin \mathrm{\&beta;}\\ \left(H\right)\cos \mathrm{\&beta;}\end{array}\right]---\left(5\right)$

Formula (4) equates with formula (5) result as can be seen here.Can illustrate while obtaining a pair of known angle, by rotation angle α _abecome negative value, by rotation angle α _crotate 180 degree, cutter location coordinate is constant.While calculating the anglec of rotation accordingly, adopt whole positive-angle to calculate, as the α being calculated by cutter spacing source file _cbe greater than lathe rotation limiting angle C _maxtime, can make all α in this program _avalue becomes negative value, by rotation angle α _crotate 180 degree.Just can solve lathe rotation angle and cross limit problem.Structure by this lathe is more special, [X, Y, the Z] obtaining afterwards as calculated ^tvalue is for oscillation centre trajectory coordinates, therefore title formula (1), (2), (3) are five axle Double swing head center of oscillation algorithms, and oscillation centre coordinate is by cutter spacing position, brachium, and rotation angle determines.Obviously, when brachium H=0, [X, Y, Z] ^tbeing output as cutter spacing position coordinates is:

[X,Y,Z] ^T=[w _xw _yw _z] ^T （6）

Formula (1), (2), (6) are called to five axle Double swing head cutter center algorithms, under this pattern, must in the control system of lathe, insert brachium value and calculate, can process.And brachium is comprised of pendulum length and cutter length, pendulum length is certain value, and cutter length is a variate.Thus in production in enormous quantities, cutter will produce length wearing and tearing, can adopt traditional tool length compensation method in the control system of lathe, to fill into long poor of cutter cutter long and new cutter after wearing and tearing, also can meet processing request.The method is simple and practical, has greatly reduced processing technology time ，Wei enterprise raising productivity effect and has had important practicality meaning.

According to above-mentioned design philosophy, the present invention includes step:

(1), read in and receive data step: read at least comprise that tool-information, rotating speed, multiaxis are opened, liquid coolant is opened, the cutter spacing position of cutter location and the cutter spacing source file of cutter spacing direction vector, receive and at least comprise brachium H, rotary axis of machine tool greatest limit angle C simultaneously _maxlathe parameter;

(2), according to the greatest limit angle C of concrete rotary axis of machine tool C axle _max, the rotary stopper angle β of definition Double swing head five-axis machine tool C axle _c, its rotary stopper angle is according to the greatest limit angle C of concrete rotary axis of machine tool C axle _maxset, during setting, generally allow and make rotary stopper angle β _cbe slightly less than greatest limit angle C _max.General β _c∈ (180 °, 360 °).

(3), set up the spatial kinetics model step of lathe: according to lathe coordinate system, be the intrinsic coordinate system of lathe itself and cannot change, and the coordinate system that adopts while being the programming of part to be processed of workpiece coordinate, name coordinate system is generally and adds the coordinate system of definition in man-hour and the feature consistent with lathe coordinate system direction, creates lathe coordinate system O in lathe _cx _cy _cz _c﹑ workpiece coordinate system O _mx _my _mz _m﹑ name coordinate system O _rx _ry _rz _rand connect firmly with lathe bed, workpiece, cutter respectively, at workpiece coordinate system O _mx _my _mz _munder, R _w(w _x, w _y, w _z), R _v(v _i, v _j, v _k) represent respectively cutter location cutter spacing position and cutter spacing vector.Each axle of fixation workpiece coordinate system is all consistent with each direction of principal axis of nominal coordinate system, now R _w(w _x, w _y, w _z), R _v(v _i, v _j, v _k) initial position be respectively [0 0 0] ^t[0 0 1] ^t; The anglec of rotation of turning axle A, C is used respectively α _aand α _crepresent;

(4), brachium is set and treatment step: set: oscillation centre [X, Y, Z] is pendulum length L to the distance of main shaft end face, and main shaft end face is to cutter location cutter spacing position R _w(w _x, w _y, w _z) distance be the long K of cutter; The setting long K of cutter and pendulum length L are added and obtain brachium H; While automatically loading brachium calculating in machine tool system, make brachium H=0, the treatment step of employing comprises:

Adopt five axle Double swing head cutter center algorithm formula:

α _A=L _Aarccos(v _k) L _A=(1,-1)

α _C=arctan(v _i/v _j)-L _Cπ L _C=(0,1)

[X, Y, Z] ^t=[w _xw _yw _z] ^tcalculate;

In formula: α _a, α _cbe respectively the anglec of rotation of turning axle A, C;

(w _x, w _y, w _z), (v _i, v _j, v _k) be respectively cutter location cutter spacing position and cutter spacing vector;

[X, Y, Z] is oscillation centre coordinate.

(5), will adopt five axle Double swing head cutter center algorithm formula of step 4 to calculate all C axle rotation angle α in this cutter spacing source file _c, be put in an array.Extract a maximum rotation angle α _cmax; Compare the maximum rotation angle C of lathe _maxmaximum rotation angle α with cutter location _cmax:

If α _cmax> C _max, carry out again five axle Double swing head cutter center algorithms, preserve the rotation angle value α of first trip cutter location _c1, calculating the rotation angle value α to site of the second row _c2, compare α _c1with α _c2:

If α _c2-α _c1< β _cits treatment step is: another carries out five axle Double swing head cutter center algorithms, by the α after calculating at every turn _cprocess.Make α _c=α _c-180 °, α _a=-α _a, the NC code of having changed is returned to master routine;

If α _c2-α _c1>=β _c, its treatment step is: another carries out five axle Double swing head cutter center algorithms, the α after each calculating _cneed judgement.If α _c180 ° of >, output α _c=α _c-360 °, otherwise output initial value.α _abe worth constantly, the NC code of having changed is returned to master routine;

If α _cmax< C _max, its treatment step is: by five axle Double swing head cutter center algorithms, all are exported according to algorithm, and the NC code of having changed is returned to master routine.

By above-mentioned steps, the anglec of rotation that just can solve the 5th turning axle surpasses the extreme angles of lathe self, causes the excess of stroke to be reported to the police and some crosses the problems such as limit interval cannot process.

When the control system of lathe is when loading arm long value calculates, make brachium H ≠ 0, adopt five axle Double swing head center of oscillation algorithms to calculate all rotation angle α in this cutter spacing source file _c, be put in an array.Extract a maximum rotation angle α _cmax; Compare the maximum rotation angle C of lathe _maxmaximum rotation angle α with cutter location _cmax;

If α _cmax> C _max, adopt again five axle Double swing head center of oscillation algorithms to calculate, preserve the rotation angle value α of first trip cutter location _c1, calculating the rotation angle value α to site of the second row _c2, compare α _c1with α _c2;

If α _c2-α _c1< β _cits treatment step is: another adopts five axle Double swing head center of oscillation algorithms to calculate, by the α after calculating at every turn _cprocess.Make α _c=α _c-180 °, α _a=-α _a, the NC code of having changed is returned to master routine;

If α _c2-α _c1>=β _c, another adopts five axle Double swing head center of oscillation algorithms to calculate, the α after each calculating _cneed judgement.If α _c180 ° of >, output α _c=α _c-360 °, otherwise output initial value.α _abe worth constantly, the NC code of having changed is returned to master routine;

If α _cmax< C _max, adopt five axle Double swing head center of oscillation algorithms to calculate, all are exported according to algorithm, and the NC code of having changed is returned to master routine.

Advantage of the present invention is that the limiting angle that the cutter spacing source file that generates according to pre-process calculates the maximal value and lathe self of the 5th axle rotation angle is compared, then select corresponding processing mode, finally obtain rational job sequence, and can improve working (machining) efficiency and machining precision.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Accompanying drawing 1 is method flow diagram of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 2 is cutter spacing source files of the runner of the present embodiment.

Embodiment

The XH/2024 five axle Double swing head lathes of Hanchuan Machinery Plant research and development of take are example, the rotation limit that this lathe is furnished with Siemens 840 D CNC System two turning axles (A axle, C axle) is respectively (110 °～110 °) and (200 °～+ 200 °). because the turning axle C axle of lathe can not integral cycle rotating, can be restricted man-hour adding, to processing, bring great constant.Therefore the present invention is head it off just, and can improve working (machining) efficiency and machining precision.The present invention is existing take that to process certain Impeller Parts runner be example, elaborates this rearmounted disposal route.First programming personnel, according to part feature and processing request, by using CAM software (as UG) that corresponding parameter Tool-path Generation is set, finally derives runner cutter spacing source file.

This example makes brachium H=0.And then change in conjunction with the rearmounted disposal route of five axle Double swing heads.Concrete steps are as follows:

(1) read in the cutter spacing source file (as Fig. 2) of runner, this process comprises: obtain total line number of this cutter spacing source file, utilize buffer stream to read in line by line, and the first key-strings of separated every row and the variable of back.According to obtaining key-strings (as TLDATA, LOAD, SPINDL, RAPID/GOTO, GOTO, FEDRAT, PAINT, END-OF-PATH etc.), judge its implication and store corresponding information.With this simultaneously, also obtain the parameters that set in rearmounted process software (as the range of brachium H, translation shaft, the rotation limiting angle C of turning axle _maxdeng);

(2) according to the greatest limit angle C of this rotary axis of machine tool C axle _max=200 °, the rotary stopper angle β of definition Double swing head five-axis machine tool C axle _c, make its β _c=180 °;

(3) the brachium information obtaining according to step (), H=0 carries out the rearmounted processing mode of the first, and the cutter spacing vector of current cutter location is R _v(v _i, v _j, v _k), and call five axle Double swing head cutter center algorithms (adopt entirely on the occasion of algorithm) formula (2) and calculate α _cthe all values at angle, puts into array and finds out α _cmax, judgment expression (α next _cmax200 ° of >), IF expression (α _cmax200 ° of >) be true, redirect execution step (four), otherwise execution step (five);

(4) carry out again five axle Double swing head cutter center algorithms, the α calculating _cvalue be on the occasion of.Preserve the rotation angle value α of first trip cutter location _c1, calculating the rotation angle value α to site of the second row _c2, compare α _c1with α _c2:

If 1 | α _c2-α _c1| 180 ° of <, another carries out five axle Double swing head cutter center algorithms, by the α after calculating at every turn _cprocess.Make α _c=α _c-180 °, α _a=-α _a.The NC code of having changed is returned to master routine.Redirect execution step (six);

If 2 α _c2-α _c1>=180 °, another carries out five axle Double swing head cutter center algorithms, the α after each calculating _cneed judgement.If α _c180 ° of >, output α _c=α _c-360 °, otherwise output initial value.α _abe worth constant.The NC code of having changed is returned to master routine, redirect execution step (six);

(5) carry out five axle Double swing head cutter center algorithms, all are exported according to algorithm.Redirect execution step (six); (6) receive the NC code of having changed, the NC code of having changed is write to specified file, output NC code.

Claims (1)

1. A post-processing method of a domestic double-swing head five-axis machine tool, comprising steps: (1) Steps of reading in and receiving data: read in the tool position source file including at least tool information, speed, multi-axis opening, coolant opening, tool position of the tool position and tool position vector direction, and at the same time receive at least Arm length H, maximum limit angle C _max of machine tool rotation axis machine parameters; (2) According to the maximum limit angle C _max of the C-axis of the specific machine tool rotation axis, define the rotation limit angle β _C of the C-axis of the double-swing head five-axis machine tool, so that the rotation limit angle β _C is smaller than the maximum limit angle C _max , generally β _C ∈ (180°,360°); (3) Steps for establishing the spatial kinematics model of the machine tool: According to the fact that the machine tool coordinate system is an inherent coordinate system of the machine tool itself and cannot be changed, and the workpiece coordinate system is the coordinate system used when programming the parts to be processed, the nominal coordinate system is usually It is a coordinate system defined during machining and is consistent with the direction of the machine tool coordinate system. Create a machine tool coordinate system O _c X _c Y _c Z _c ﹑ workpiece coordinate system O _m X _m Y _m Z _m ﹑ nominal coordinate system O _r X _r Y _r Z _r are fixedly connected to the bed, workpiece and tool respectively. In the workpiece coordinate system O _m X _m Y _m Z _m , R _w (w _x ,w _y ,w _z ), R _v (v _i , v _j , v _k ) represent the tool position and the tool position vector respectively; the axes of the fixed workpiece coordinate system are in the same direction as the axes of the nominal coordinate system. At this time, R _w (w _x ,w _y ,w _z ), R _v (v _i , v _j , v _k ) are respectively [0 0 0] ^T and [0 0 1] ^T ; the rotation angles of the rotation axes A and C are represented by α _A and α _C respectively ; (4) Arm length setting and processing steps: Setting: The distance from the swing center [X, Y, Z] to the end face of the spindle is the swing length L, and the end face of the spindle to the tool position R _w (w _x ,w The distance between _y , w _z ) is the tool length K; the arm length H is obtained by adding the tool length K and the pendulum length L; when the arm length calculation is loaded in the machine tool system, the arm length H=0, and the processing steps adopted include : Using the five-axis double-swing head tool center algorithm formula: α _A =L _A arccos(v _k ) L _A =(1,-1) α _C =arctan(v _i /v _j )-L _C π L _C =(0,1) [X,Y,Z] ^T =[w _x w _y w _z ] ^T for calculation, which is characterized in that all C in the source file of the tool position will be calculated using the five-axis double-swing head tool center algorithm formula in step 4 Shaft rotation angle α _C , put it in an array; extract a maximum rotation angle α _Cmax ; compare the maximum rotation angle C _max of the machine tool with the maximum rotation angle α _Cmax of the tool position: If α _Cmax > C _max , execute the five-axis double-swing head tool center algorithm again, save the rotation angle value α _C1 of the tool position point in the first row, calculate the rotation angle value α _C2 of the arrival point in the second row, and compare α _C1 with α _C2 : If α _C2 -α _C1 < β _C , the processing steps are: execute the five-axis double-swing head cutter algorithm again, and process the α _C after each calculation; let α _C = α _C -180°, α _A = -α _A , return the converted NC code to the main program; If α _C2 -α _C1 ≥ β _C , the processing steps are: execute the five-axis double-swing head knife center algorithm again, and the α _C after each calculation needs to be judged; if α _C > 180°, output α _C = α _C -360°, otherwise the original value is output; the value of α _A remains unchanged, and the converted NC code is returned to the main program; If α _Cmax < C _max , the processing steps are: according to the five-axis double-oscillating head tool center algorithm, everything is output according to the algorithm, and the converted NC code is returned to the main program.

Images