CN103584225B - 一种常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料,属于饮料及其制备技术领域。该饮料由以下配比的组分制备而成:在总体积份数为100份的饮料中,含有常山胡柚汁10-12份;衢州乌桃汁20-24份;甘草提取液5-7份;红秋葵花提取液5-7份;余量为水。本发明提供的复合果汁饮料,不但具有诱人的色泽、酸甜滋润的口感,而且未添加任何食用香精和色素,最大程度地保留了原料的原始特点;复合后的果汁饮料还具有降火、补充体能、保健功效,是一款男女老少皆宜的饮品。
Description
技术领域
发明属于饮料及其制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种复合果汁饮料。
背景技术
常山胡柚,其植物学名为:Citrusparadisicv.changshanhuyou,常山胡柚果实的品名(英文):ChangshanhuyouTangelo。常山胡柚是浙江省常山县特有的地方柑橘良种,系由当地的实生柑橘中经长期选育而成,已具有100多年的历史。具有营养丰富、口感独特、适宜加工等特性。常山胡柚果实外形美观,香气独特,果汁含糖量为11%左右,有机酸含量丰富,含有18种游离氨基酸、少量的柠檬苦素与柚皮苷,还含有维生素A、维生素C、维生素B1、B2以及Ca、P、K、Mg、Fe、Zn等多种无机元素,口感甜酸适宜,略带苦味。具有镇咳化痰、清热解毒、生津止渴、解酒醒脑、消食舒胃、通便利尿、健肾润肺、延年益寿的作用,对维持人体健康有重要益处。常山胡柚具有很多其他柑桔品种不及的优势:一是丰产稳定;二是适应性强;三是抗冻抗逆抗虫害能力强;四是果实极耐贮藏,且贮藏后糖酸比增加,风味更为独特;五是农残低,食用安全性高。常山胡柚口感酸甜,具有清凉降火的功效,但苦味也比较突出,这一特点限制着常山胡柚在果汁加工中的应用。
乌桃,又名黑桃,外皮有白色的绒毛,果皮和肉均乌黑发紫,黑里透红,人们又趣称它为“黑桃皇后”、“黑姑娘”。属蔷薇科Rosaceae桃Prunuspersica中的南方品种群硬肉桃亚群,是20世纪80年代才被发现的我国目前罕见的农家桃品种,也是目前世界上为数不多的黑肉桃品种。原产于我国浙西地区,为高山自然野生,现已有农户栽植,主要分布在浙江省常山县的新桥乡、金源乡及其毗连的淳安、开化等地。果皮呈紫黑色,肉紫红,汁液多,口感爽脆独特,酸甜适中,有浓郁的蜂蜜风味果。据测定:每100g鲜桃中含糖5.22g,脂肪0.085g,含维生素C20.295mg,粗纤维5.07g,无机盐7.303g,大大高于普通桃。其中维生素C的含量是普通桃品种的33倍,属桃中珍品。衢州乌桃果汁中含有4种糖即蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、棉籽糖;含有5种有机酸,苹果酸、柠檬酸、乙酸、草酸、琥珀酸;除维生素C外,还含有烟酸、烟酰胺和β-胡萝卜素,含有铁、锌、铜、锰、钙、镁等6种微量元素。衢州乌桃完全成熟时,水分含量均高达88%左右,果皮易剥离,果肉易离核,果汁粉红,色泽艳丽,加工性能好。据报道,衢州乌桃根、叶、皮、花、果仁等均可入药,具有健胃(果皮和绒毛可治疗胃病)、助消化、降血压等功效,还能有效抑制癌细胞和体内有害细胞的生长,是目前非常稀少的集食用和抗病保健为一体的珍贵水果。衢州乌桃丰产性能好,盛产期株产可达100kg以上,于8月下旬至9月成熟,货架期7-10天;果实呈球形,果面较光滑,有稀短绒毛。据测定,果实横径平均为5.48cm,纵径为5-29cm,单果重78-108g,平均为89.2g(以10果计)。衢州乌桃适应性强,耐干旱,耐贫瘠,病虫害少,管理简单,而且乌桃果实成熟期正值水果淡季,其果色又迎合人们对黑色食品的消费时尚,在国内外市场走俏,因此发展前景十分广阔。衢州乌桃目前还处于野生或半野生状态,无污染,因此,符合消费者的消费心理,具有很好的开发利用价值。除鲜食外和加工成果汁外,还可进行其他加工,制成乌桃罐头、乌桃果脯,乌桃果酱,乌桃罐头等系列产品,以充分发挥其价值,变资源优势为产品优势和经济优势。
甘草为豆科植物甘草(GlycyrrhizauralensisFisch.)、胀果甘草(GlycyrrhizainflataBat.)或光果甘草(GlycyrrhizaglabraL.)的干燥根及根茎的科学名。甘草作为一种药食同源的食品材料,被卫生部列入第一批“既是食品又是药品”名单。《中华人民共和国药典》对甘草性味功能叙述为:甘草性平味甘,归心、肺、脾、胃经,具有补脾益气、清热解毒、祛痰止咳、缓急止痛等功能。甘草及其提取物在食品工业上应用比较广泛,甘草的甜昧和保健作用使其成为重要的天然保健食品添加剂。从甘草中提取的甘草甜素,是低热能天然甜味剂。甘草根及根茎中的主要成分是甘草酸、甘草酸与铵、钙、钾等结成的甘草酸盐,称为甘草素,有解毒清热之作用。此外,甘草素还有极强的掩蔽作用,可掩蔽来自某些成分的苦味。甘草素在pH5时,溶解度最大,它是一种酸性皂甙物质,有乳化、分散作用。
红秋葵(Abelmoschusesculentus(L.)Moench),是锦葵科秋葵属一年生草本植物,全国各地均有栽培。红秋葵的花、种子、根均可入药。红秋葵还具有抗疲劳、健胃保肝、减少肺损伤、提高机体免疫力、抗癌、利尿、增强血管扩张力、保护心脏等功效。红秋葵花和嫩果含有丰富的蛋白质、游离氨基酸、VC、VA、VE和磷、铁、钾、钙、锌、锰等矿质元素,以及由果胶和多糖等组成的粘性物质。红秋葵花和嫩果比较特殊的地方是其内部含有的粘液。这种稀有的黏性物质(糖聚合体)中主要成分是果胶、粘性糖蛋白、维生素A和钾。粘性糖蛋白是一种由胶原和粘多糖类物质组成的多糖、蛋白质混合物,它可以增强机体的抵抗力,保护人体关节腔里关节膜和浆膜的润滑作用,也能保持人体消化道和呼吸道的润滑,促进胆固醇物质的排泄,减少脂类物质在动脉管壁上的沉积,保持动脉血管的弹性,防止肝脏和肾脏中结缔组织萎缩的发生。红秋葵花和嫩果具有的抗疲劳作用,可以做成各种保健饮品,将其开发为功能性保健品和健康饮品提供给有需求的特定人群,具有促进帮助消化、降低血脂、增强人的体力和耐力,保护肠胃、肝脏、皮肤和黏膜等作用。
随着饮料市场的进一步开拓,利用纯天然的植物材料加工成的产品也日益受到老百姓的欢迎,也对产品的功能性和口感的要求越来越高,因此对饮料原料的选配与制作工艺提出了更高的要求。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述不足,本发明目的在于提供一种以常山胡柚、乌桃、甘草和红秋葵花为原料制备而成的复合果汁饮料。该饮料口感好,色泽佳,营养丰富,保健效果好。
所述的一种常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料,其特征在于:该饮料由以下配比的组分制备而成:在总体积份数为100份的饮料中:含有常山胡柚汁10-12份,衢州乌桃汁20-24份,甘草提取液5-7份,红秋葵花提取液5-7份,余量为水;优选为:常山胡柚汁10份;衢州乌桃汁22份;甘草提取液6份;红秋葵花提取液6份;余量为水。
其制备方法如下:
a:常山胡柚汁的制备,方法如下:
1)选果:挑选已经完全成熟、无破损、无霉烂、无菌斑、色泽正常的鲜果;
2)外果皮清洗:将已挑选好的果实用0.5mg/mL的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡3min,之后用水将高锰酸钾冲洗干净,沥干水分;
3)去皮、去囊衣:去除果实的外果皮,并剥去白色囊衣;
4)分瓣、护色:将去除囊衣的果实逐一分瓣,并迅速浸泡入0.1mg/mL的异维生素C钠溶液中护色;
5)第一次打浆:将已经分开成单瓣的果实加入到打浆机中,并按每1g果实加1mL水的比例加入纯净水,打成果浆;
6)酶解:在上述果浆中,加入纤维素酶在45℃水浴中振荡酶解90min,比例为每100g果浆加入0.1g纤维素酶;
7)灭酶:将上述果浆加热到90℃,维持10min;
8)第二次打浆、过滤:将酶解后的果浆加入打浆机中打浆,再采用二层无菌纱布过滤,得常山胡柚汁,密封,备用;
b:乌桃汁的制备,方法如下:
1)选果:选择无机械损伤、无病虫害、无腐烂、无表皮软化、成熟、新鲜的衢州乌桃;
2)清洗:充分清洗果实表皮灰尘及污物,洗净后沥干水分;
3)去皮、去核:用手工或者不锈钢水果刀,迅速去除果实果皮;将衢州乌桃切块,去核,并迅速浸泡入0.1mg/mL的维生素C钠溶液中护色;
4)热烫:将切分后的果实,迅速放入到85℃热水中,热烫3min;
5)打浆:将热烫后果实放入榨汁机中,按每克果实加1mL的比例加入纯净水,将果实打成果浆;
6)酶解:在上述果浆中,加入固定化果胶酶,在50℃水浴中振荡酶解120min,按每100g果浆中加入5g固定化果胶酶的比例;
7)第二次打浆:将酶解后的果浆,取出固定化果胶酶后,放入打浆机中打浆;
8)榨汁、过滤:将上述果浆放入榨汁机中,榨汁后,并用无菌的两层纱布过滤,得到澄清的乌桃汁,密封,备用;
c:甘草提取液的制备,方法如下:
1)原料挑选:选择新鲜、无霉烂、无菌斑甘草根,去除侧根;
2)清洗:用水冲净甘草表面的杂质;
3)剪碎:用药材切片机将甘草剪碎,剪成长约1-2厘米长的碎片;
4)浸泡与微波浸提:将剪碎的甘草称重,按每1g甘草加60mL的沸水,置于微波炉中,微波功率600W浸提30min,用二层纱布过滤得汁液;再在残渣中按每1g甘草加40mL的沸水,微波功率600W浸提20min,用二层纱布过滤得汁液;两次汁液合并,冷却,得到甘草提取液,密封,备用;
d:红秋葵花提取液的制备,方法如下:
1)采摘:清晨采摘红秋葵初开花朵;
2)选花、清洗:先剔除有病虫害、霉烂、有菌斑或破损的花,再用水清洗;
3)第一次打浆:加入纯净水在打浆机中打浆,加水比例为红秋葵花:水=1g:2mL,得到红秋葵花浆液;
4)酶解:在上述浆液中加入固定化果胶酶,在50℃水浴中振荡酶解120min;固定化果胶酶的加入比例为:红秋葵花浆液:固定化果胶酶=100g:2g;
5)第二次打浆:将酶解后的浆液,取出固定化果胶酶,再次放入打浆机中打浆;
6)过滤:将上述浆液用无菌的二层纱布过滤,得到红秋葵花提取液,密封,备用;
e:汁液的混合、调配:将常山胡柚汁、衢州乌桃汁、甘草提取液和红秋葵花提取液按下述体积份数混合:常山胡柚汁10-12份;衢州乌桃汁20-24份;甘草提取液5-7份;红秋葵花提取液5-7份;余量为水;总体积份数为100份。优选配比为:在总体积份数为100份的饮料中,常山胡柚汁10份;衢州乌桃汁22份;甘草提取液6份;红秋葵花提取液6份;余量为水;
f:均质、脱气:将步骤e的原料按上述比例混合后,搅拌均匀,在50℃、25MPa均质一次;再进行脱气处理:温度40℃,真空度0.05MPa,脱气6min;
g:灭菌、包装:将均质、脱气后的果汁饮料,采用四层纱布过滤,将滤液灌装入已经杀菌的饮料玻璃瓶中,封口;在常压下,采用沸水杀菌法杀菌,即100℃,保持10min,杀菌后迅速冷却至室温,得到常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料成品。
上述固定化果胶酶的制备方法为:取壳聚糖1g,在室温下溶解于100mL浓度为0.16mol/L的冰醋酸中,用0.2mol/LNaOH调节pH至7.0,加入体积浓度为5%的戊二醛(体积浓度,即V/V,即100mL中加入5mL戊二醛),用磁力搅拌器搅拌9h,再静置2h后抽滤,并用去离子水洗至中性,在抽干后的载体中加入果胶酶液100mL,所述果胶酶液浓度为0.1mg/mL,在摇床上采用90r/min的速度振荡混合30min后,放入冷藏柜中,于4℃下固定12h,用蒸馏水洗掉未固定的酶,抽干制得固定化果胶酶。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)常山胡柚口感酸甜,具有清凉降火的功效,但苦味也比较突出,这一特点限制着常山胡柚在果汁加工中的应用;如采用脱苦方法来降低或者消除苦味则减弱或消除了常山胡柚的清火功效,有研究报道其清凉降火作用正是来自于其苦味物质。本发明采用甘草的提取液与常山胡柚果汁复合,掩盖苦味,而不是去除苦味物质,较好地保存了常山胡柚所特有的清凉去火的功效;
(2)常山胡柚制汁过程中,加入纤维素酶,果汁得汁率提高了12%。纤维素酶的使用,也将果汁中的纤维成分分解,从而避免了果汁在贮存过程中形成沉淀,影响产品品质;
(3)衢州乌桃汁酸甜可口,营养丰富,对人体有益物质含量高,在本发明中的使用,使得本品营养品质大大提高,桃汁风味尤其清香;同时,衢州乌桃目前还处于野生或半野生状态,无污染;其果色又迎合人们对黑色食品的消费时尚,深受消费者青睐,具有较好的市场发展空间;
(4)在衢州乌桃汁的制备过程中,由于桃肉中含有的果胶成分,影响了果汁的溶出。本发明中,采用固定化果胶酶,一来有效促进了果胶的分解进而提高了得汁率;二来采用的固定化果胶酶,可以简易地从果汁中取出,操作方便;
(5)衢州乌桃汁呈黑红色,这种颜色在制备成饮料时往往被误解为果汁被“氧化”或者被认为发生了“褐变”反应,消费者容易对其感官方面评分较低。本发明采用红秋葵花的浸提液,较好地改良了本品的颜色,总体上呈现出红秋葵花的玫瑰红色,具有诱人的色泽。同时,由于红秋葵花浸提液的使用,红秋葵花所具有的抗疲劳、健胃保肝、减少肺损伤、提高机体免疫力、抗癌、利尿、增强血管扩张力、保护心脏等功效,也呈现在本品中,使本品具有良好的保健功能;
(6)在甘草的浸提工艺中,采用微波辅助浸提,提高了甘草原料中有效成分的浸提与溶解;
(7)在红秋葵花浆液中,加入固定化果胶酶,降解了浆液中的果胶类物质,使浆液的粘稠度降低。这使得加入了红秋葵花浆液的果汁饮料保持外观澄清,口感清爽;
(8)在保证本发明风味和稳定性的前提下,本品中除原料之外,未添加任何色素和香料香精等成分,最大程度保持了产品的天然性。本发明提供的饮料酸甜可口,口感甜中带酸,回味时略带苦味,具有清新爽口、耐人回味的口感。
综上:常山胡柚果汁清凉降火;衢州乌桃果汁营养丰富、桃汁清香;甘草浸提液甘甜爽口、甜而不腻;红秋葵花具有多种营养成分和保健功效,而且色泽紫红。以上述四种原料制备而成的澄清型果汁饮料,不但具有诱人的色泽、酸甜滋润的口感,而且未添加任何食用香精和色素,最大程度地保留了原料的原始特点;复合后的果汁饮料还具有降火、补充体能、保健功效,是一款男女老少皆宜的饮品。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。有必要在此指出的是,以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,该领域的技术熟练人员可以根据上述发明内容对本发明做出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例1:常山胡柚汁制备,步骤如下:
(1)选果
挑选已经完全成熟、无破损、无霉烂、无菌斑、色泽正常的鲜果为加工对象;
常山胡柚果实的大小,并不影响果实的营养成分和口感。因此,考虑到生产成本和资源的综合利用,可考虑将个头大、外观漂亮的果实鲜销,而个体较小的果实,可用来加工成果汁。这对于常山胡柚产业的健康、长远发展具有重要促进作用;
(2)外果皮清洗
将已挑选好的果实用0.5mg/mL的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡3min,之后用水将高锰酸钾冲洗干净,沥干水分;
(3)去皮、去囊衣
去除果实的外果皮,并剥去白色囊衣;
(4)分瓣、护色
将去除囊衣的果实逐一分瓣,并迅速浸泡入0.1mg/mL的异维生素C钠(又名D-异抗坏血酸钠(d-sodiumerythorbate))中溶液中护色;
(5)第一次打浆
将已经分开成单瓣的果实,按每克果实加1mL的比例加入纯净水,将果实和水加入到入打浆机中,将果实打成果浆;
(6)添加纤维素酶,酶解
在上述果浆中,按0.1%的比例加入纤维素酶,即每100克果浆(这个果浆,包括已经添加的纯净水)中,加入纤维素酶0.1克,在45℃水浴中振荡酶解90min;
(7)加热、灭酶
将上述果浆加热到90℃,维持10min;
(8)第二次打浆、过滤
将酶解后的果浆加入打浆机中打浆,再采用二层无菌纱布过滤,保留滤液,得常山胡柚汁,密封备用。
实施例2:乌桃汁制备,步骤如下:
(1)选果
选择无机械损伤、无病虫害、无腐烂、无表皮软化、成熟、新鲜的衢州乌桃;
衢州乌桃在8成熟的时候,果实含水率不如9成熟的好,而且9成熟的桃子更容易去皮和去核。但也不宜选取熟透了的果实,过熟的果实表皮容易破损而染菌,营养成分流失,同时也会使部分桃子果皮被压榨到果汁中,造成口感变差;
(2)清洗
充分清洗果实表皮灰尘及污物,洗净后沥干水分;
(3)去皮、去核
用手工或者不锈钢水果刀,迅速去除果实果皮;并将衢州乌桃切成四瓣,去核,并迅速浸泡入0.1mg/mL异维生素C钠(又名D-异抗坏血酸钠(d-sodiumerythorbate))中溶液中护色;
(4)热烫
将切分后的果实,迅速放入到85℃热水中,热烫3min;
(5)打浆
将热烫后果实放入榨汁机中,按每1g果实加1mL的比例加入纯净水,将果实打成果浆;
(6)添加固定化果胶酶,酶解
在上述果浆中,按每100g果浆中加入5g固定化果胶酶的比例加入固定化果胶酶,在50℃水浴中振荡酶解120min;
固定化果胶酶,是果胶酶被固定化,一般以不可水溶的包装材料包裹,在果浆中使用,使用后可以方便取出,从而不需要进行灭酶处理。该酶在活化后可以重复使用;
(7)第二次打浆
将酶解后的果浆,取出固定化果胶酶,放入打浆机中打浆;
(8)榨汁、过滤
将上述果浆放入榨汁机中,榨汁后,并用无菌的两层纱布过滤,得到澄清桃汁,将桃汁装入贮存瓶中,迅速密封,备用。
实施例3:甘草提取液的制备,步骤如下:
(1)浸提流程
甘草→挑选,去除杂叶等→清洗→晾干→剪碎→沸水浸泡→微波法浸提→纱布过滤→冷却→甘草提取液
(2)操作细节
1)原料挑选:选择新鲜、无霉烂、无菌斑甘草根,用不锈钢剪刀剪除侧根;
2)清洗:用自来水冲洗甘草表面的杂质;
3)剪碎:用药材切片机将甘草剪碎,剪成长约1-2cm长的碎片;
4)浸泡与微波浸提:将剪碎的甘草称重,按每克甘草加60mL的沸水,置于微波炉中,在微波功率600W中浸提30min,用二层纱布过滤得汁液;再在残渣中按每克甘草加40mL的沸水,在微波功率600W中浸提20min,用二层纱布过滤得汁液。两次汁液合并,冷却,得甘草提取液;装入贮存瓶中,密封,备用。
实施例4:红秋葵花提取液的制备,步骤如下:
(1)采摘
选择在清晨采摘红秋葵花,并选择初开花朵:红秋葵花的采摘,尽量选择天气晴朗的早晨为好。雨天采摘的红秋葵花,带有不洁净的雨水,容易有泥土味(土腥味),降低了花香;
(2)选花、清洗
先剔除有病虫害、霉烂、有菌斑或破损的花,再用水清洗;
(3)加水打浆
按每1g红秋葵鲜花中加入2mL的比例加入纯净水,在打浆机中打浆,得到红秋葵花浆液;
(4)添加固定化果胶酶,酶解
在上述红秋葵花浆液中,按每100克浆液中加入2克固定化果胶酶的比例加入固定化果胶酶,在50℃水浴中振荡酶解120min;
(5)第二次打浆
将酶解后的浆液,取出固定化果胶酶,再次放入打浆机中打浆;
(6)过滤
将上述浆液放用无菌的二层纱布过滤,得到红秋葵花澄清汁液,将澄清汁液(即红秋葵花提取液)装入贮存瓶中,迅速密封,备用。
实施例5:固定化果胶酶的制备
取壳聚糖1g,在室温下溶解于100mL浓度为0.16mol/L的冰醋酸中。之后用0.2mol/LNaOH调节该容易pH至7.0,加入5%(即100mL中加入5mL戊二醛)的戊二醛,用磁力搅拌器搅拌9h,再静置2h后抽滤,并用去离子水洗至中性,在抽干后的载体中加入果胶酶液100mL(果胶酶液浓度:10mg果胶酶溶解于100mL水中),在摇床上采用90r/min的速度振荡混合30min后,放入冷藏柜中,于4℃下固定12h,用蒸馏水洗掉未固定的酶,抽干制得固定化果胶酶。经壳聚糖固定化后的果胶酶,其酶活力为103.40U/g。
实施例6:常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料的制备
按实施例1-4的方法制得各种汁液,按比例分别加入常山胡柚汁、衢州乌桃汁、甘草提取液、红秋葵花提取液,然后加入纯净水补足到1000mL,混合均匀,得到常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料。各液汁的配比见表1。
表1:果汁饮料配方(单位:mL)
配比 | 常山胡柚汁 | 衢州乌桃汁 | 甘草提取液 | 黄秋葵花提取液 |
配比一: | 100 | 220 | 60 | 70 |
配比二: | 120 | 240 | 50 | 60 |
配比三: | 100 | 220 | 60 | 60 |
配比四: | 120 | 200 | 70 | 50 |
根据上述比例调配好的果汁可以直接饮用,为了使其具有更长的保质期和稳定性,调配好的饮料还经过下述处理:(1)均质、脱气:各种原料按上述比例混合后,搅拌均匀,在50℃、25MPa均质一次;再进行脱气处理:温度40℃,真空度0.05MPa,脱气6min。(2)灭菌、包装:将均质、脱气后的果汁饮料,采用四层纱布过滤。用饮料灌装机,将滤液灌装入已经杀菌的饮料玻璃瓶中,封口。在常压下,采用沸水杀菌法即100℃,保持10min,杀菌后迅速冷却至室温。
上述产品的相关指标如下:
(1)感官指标:
色泽:玫瑰红色,具有红秋葵花的红色,色泽诱人;
香气:具有红秋葵花的芬芳,带有衢州乌桃汁的清香;
口味:具有衢州乌桃果汁和常山胡柚特有风味,酸甜清爽,略带苦味;
组织形态:汁液清澈无沉淀;静置6个月后有果肉微粒沉淀,振摇后分散。
(2)理化指标:
原果汁≥20%;
总糖(以转化糖计):12-14%;
总酸(以柠檬酸计)为0.6-0.8%;
pH值4.0-4.2;
透光率86.2%;
重金属含量符合GB规定的要求。
(3)微生物指标:
细菌总数﹤10个/mL;
大肠杆菌﹤3个/100mL;
无致病菌检出。
实施例7:
常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料的制备步骤如下:
(1)选择成熟无病害的中等常山胡柚果,经过去皮、去囊衣、分瓣、护色、打浆、酶解、过滤工序得到常山胡柚果汁;
(2)选择已经9成熟的衢州乌桃,经过去皮、去核、护色、热烫、打浆、酶解、过滤工序得到衢州乌桃果汁;
(3)清晨采摘红秋葵花,经过清洗、加水匀浆、加入果胶酶酶解、过滤等工序得到红秋葵花澄清汁液;
(4)将甘草分拣、清洗、剪碎、微波沸水浸提后得到甘草汁。
在总体积10kg的不锈钢桶中,分别加入常山胡柚汁1000mL,衢州乌桃汁2200mL,甘草汁600mL,红秋葵花汁液600mL,之后加入纯净水,补足到10kg。在50℃、25MPa均质一次;再在温度40℃、真空度0.05MPa脱气6min。微型饮料过滤机过滤后灌装入饮料瓶,即100℃,保持10min,杀菌后迅速冷却至室温。得到色泽玫瑰红、口感酸甜清爽,营养丰富、保健性能佳的澄清型果汁饮料。
本品在室温下贮存6个月,未见胀气等染菌现象,品质无改变。
Claims (6)
1.一种常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料,其特征在于:该饮料由以下配比的组分制备而成:在总体积份数为100份的饮料中,含有常山胡柚汁10-12份;衢州乌桃汁20-24份;甘草提取液5-7份;红秋葵花提取液5-7份;余量为水;
所述常山胡柚汁的制备方法如下:
1)选果:挑选已经完全成熟、无破损、无霉烂、无菌斑、色泽正常的鲜果;
2)外果皮清洗:将已挑选好的果实用0.5mg/mL的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡3min,之后用水将高锰酸钾冲洗干净,沥干水分;
3)去皮、去囊衣:去除果实的外果皮,并剥去白色囊衣;
4)分瓣、护色:将去除囊衣的果实逐一分瓣,并迅速浸泡入0.1mg/mL的异维生素C钠溶液中护色;
5)第一次打浆:将已经分开成单瓣的果实加入到打浆机中,并按每1g果实加1mL水的比例加入纯净水,打成果浆;
6)酶解:在上述果浆中,按每100g果浆加入0.1g纤维素酶的比例加入纤维素酶,于45℃水浴中振荡酶解90min;
7)灭酶:将上述果浆加热到90℃,维持10min;
8)第二次打浆、过滤:将酶解后的果浆在打浆机中打浆,再采用二层无菌纱布过滤,得常山胡柚汁,密封,备用;
所述乌桃汁的制备方法如下:
1)选果:选择无机械损伤、无病虫害、无腐烂、无表皮软化、成熟、新鲜的衢州乌桃;
2)清洗:充分清洗果实表皮灰尘及污物,洗净后沥干水分;
3)去皮、去核:用手工或者不锈钢水果刀,迅速去除果实果皮;将衢州乌桃切块,去核,并迅速浸泡入0.1mg/mL的异维生素C钠溶液中护色;
4)热烫:将切分后的果实,迅速放入到85℃热水中,热烫3min;
5)打浆:将热烫后果实放入榨汁机中,按每1g果实加1mL水的比例加入纯净水,将果实打成果浆;
6)酶解:在上述果浆中,按每100g果浆加入5g固定化果胶酶的比例,加入固定化果胶酶,在50℃水浴中振荡酶解120min;
7)第二次打浆:将酶解后的果浆,取出固定化果胶酶后,放入打浆机中打浆;
8)榨汁、过滤:将上述果浆放入榨汁机中,榨汁后,并用无菌的两层纱布过滤,得到澄清的滤液即乌桃汁,密封,备用;
所述甘草提取液的制备方法如下:
1)原料挑选:选择新鲜、无霉烂、无菌斑甘草根,去除侧根;
2)清洗:用水洗净甘草表面的杂质;
3)剪碎:用药材切片机将甘草剪碎,剪成1-2cm长的碎片;
4)浸泡与微波浸提:将剪碎的甘草称重,按每1g甘草加60mL的沸水,置于微波炉中,微波功率600W浸提30min,用二层纱布过滤得汁液;再在残渣中按每1g甘草加40mL的沸水,微波功率600W浸提20min,用二层纱布过滤得汁液;两次汁液合并,冷却,得到甘草提取液,密封,备用;
所述红秋葵花提取液的制备方法如下:
1)采摘:清晨采摘红秋葵初开花朵;
2)选花、清洗:先剔除有病虫害、霉烂、有菌斑或破损的花,再用水清洗;
3)第一次打浆:加入纯净水在打浆机中打浆,加水比例为红秋葵花:水=1g:2mL,得到红秋葵花浆液;
4)酶解:在上述浆液中加入固定化果胶酶,在50℃水浴中振荡酶解120min;固定化果胶酶的加入比例为:红秋葵花浆液:固定化果胶酶=100g:2g;
5)第二次打浆:将酶解后的浆液,取出固定化果胶酶,再次放入打浆机中打浆;
6)过滤:将上述浆液用无菌的二层纱布过滤,得到红秋葵花提取液,密封,备用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料,其特征在于该饮料由以下配比的组分制备而成:在总体积份数为100份的饮料中,含有常山胡柚汁10份;衢州乌桃汁22份;甘草提取液6份;红秋葵花提取液6份;余量为水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料,其特征在于所述固定化果胶酶的制备方法为:取壳聚糖1g,在室温下溶解于100mL浓度为0.16mol/L的冰醋酸中,用0.2mol/LNaOH调节pH至7.0,加入戊二醛,加入量为每100mL溶液中加入5mL戊二醛,用磁力搅拌器搅拌9h,再静置2h后抽滤,并用去离子水洗至中性,在抽干后的载体中加入果胶酶液100mL,所述果胶酶液浓度为0.1mg/mL,在摇床上采用90r/min的速度振荡混合30min后,放入冷藏柜中,于4℃下固定12h,用蒸馏水洗掉未固定的酶,抽干制得固定化果胶酶。
4.一种常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
a:常山胡柚汁的制备,方法如下:
1)选果:挑选已经完全成熟、无破损、无霉烂、无菌斑、色泽正常的鲜果;
2)外果皮清洗:将已挑选好的果实用0.5mg/mL的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡3min,之后用水将高锰酸钾冲洗干净,沥干水分;
3)去皮、去囊衣:去除果实的外果皮,并剥去白色囊衣;
4)分瓣、护色:将去除囊衣的果实逐一分瓣,并迅速浸泡入0.1mg/mL的异维生素C钠溶液中护色;
5)第一次打浆:将已经分开成单瓣的果实加入到打浆机中,并按每1g果实加1mL水的比例加入纯净水,打成果浆;
6)酶解:在上述果浆中,加入纤维素酶在45℃水浴中振荡酶解90min,比例为每100g果浆加入0.1g纤维素酶;
7)灭酶:将上述果浆加热到90℃,维持10min;
8)第二次打浆、过滤:将酶解后的果浆加入打浆机中打浆,再采用二层无菌纱布过滤,得常山胡柚汁,密封,备用;
b:乌桃汁的制备,方法如下:
1)选果:选择无机械损伤、无病虫害、无腐烂、无表皮软化、成熟、新鲜的衢州乌桃;
2)清洗:充分清洗果实表皮灰尘及污物,洗净后沥干水分;
3)去皮、去核:用手工或者不锈钢水果刀,迅速去除果实果皮;将衢州乌桃切块,去核,并迅速浸泡入0.1mg/mL的维生素C钠溶液中护色;
4)热烫:将切分后的果实,迅速放入到85℃热水中,热烫3min;
5)打浆:将热烫后果实放入榨汁机中,按每克果实加1mL的比例加入纯净水,将果实打成果浆;
6)酶解:在上述果浆中,加入固定化果胶酶,在50℃水浴中振荡酶解120min,按每100g果浆中加入5g固定化果胶酶的比例;
7)第二次打浆:将酶解后的果浆,取出固定化果胶酶后,放入打浆机中打浆;
8)榨汁、过滤:将上述果浆放入榨汁机中,榨汁后,并用无菌的两层纱布过滤,得到澄清的乌桃汁,密封,备用;
c:甘草提取液的制备,方法如下:
1)原料挑选:选择新鲜、无霉烂、无菌斑甘草根,去除侧根;
2)清洗:用水冲净甘草表面的杂质;
3)剪碎:用药材切片机将甘草剪碎,剪成1-2厘米长的碎片;
4)浸泡与微波浸提:将剪碎的甘草称重,按每1g甘草加60mL的沸水,置于微波炉中,微波功率600W浸提30min,用二层纱布过滤得汁液;再在残渣中按每1g甘草加40mL的沸水,微波功率600W浸提20min,用二层纱布过滤得汁液;两次汁液合并,冷却,得到甘草提取液,密封,备用;
d:红秋葵花提取液的制备,方法如下:
1)采摘:清晨采摘红秋葵初开花朵;
2)选花、清洗:先剔除有病虫害、霉烂、有菌斑或破损的花,再用水清洗;
3)第一次打浆:加入纯净水在打浆机中打浆,加水比例为红秋葵花:水=1g:2mL,得到红秋葵花浆液;
4)酶解:在上述浆液中加入固定化果胶酶,在50℃水浴中振荡酶解120min;固定化果胶酶的加入比例为:红秋葵花浆液:固定化果胶酶=100g:2g;
5)第二次打浆:将酶解后的浆液,取出固定化果胶酶,再次放入打浆机中打浆;
6)过滤:将上述浆液用无菌的二层纱布过滤,得到红秋葵花提取液,密封,备用;
e:汁液的混合、调配:将常山胡柚汁、衢州乌桃汁、甘草提取液和红秋葵花提取液按下述体积份数混合:常山胡柚汁10-12份;衢州乌桃汁20-24份;甘草提取液5-7份;红秋葵花提取液5-7份;余量为水;总体积份数为100份;
f:均质、脱气:将步骤e的原料按上述比例混合后,搅拌均匀,在50℃、25MPa均质一次;再进行脱气处理:温度40℃,真空度0.05MPa,脱气6min;
g:灭菌、包装:将均质、脱气后的果汁饮料,采用四层纱布过滤,将滤液灌装入已经杀菌的饮料玻璃瓶中,封口;在常压下,采用沸水杀菌法杀菌,即100℃,保持10min,杀菌后迅速冷却至室温,得到常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料成品。
5.根据权利要求4述的一种常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤e中常山胡柚汁10份;衢州乌桃汁22份;甘草提取液6份;红秋葵花提取液6份;余量为水;总体积份数为100份。
6.根据权利要求4述的一种常山胡柚、衢州乌桃复合果汁饮料的制备方法,其特征在于所述固定化果胶酶的制备方法为:取壳聚糖1g,在室温下溶解于100mL浓度为0.16mol/L的冰醋酸中,用0.2mol/LNaOH调节pH至7.0,加入戊二醛,加入量为每100mL溶液中加入5mL戊二醛,用磁力搅拌器搅拌9h,再静置2h后抽滤,并用去离子水洗至中性,在抽干后的载体中加入果胶酶液100mL,所述果胶酶液浓度为0.1mg/mL,在摇床上采用90r/min的速度振荡混合30min后,放入冷藏柜中,于4℃下固定12h,用蒸馏水洗掉未固定的酶,抽干制得固定化果胶酶。
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