CN103570446B - Process technology for producing functional fertilizer by utilizing tobacco waste - Google Patents
Process technology for producing functional fertilizer by utilizing tobacco waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN103570446B CN103570446B CN201210282015.2A CN201210282015A CN103570446B CN 103570446 B CN103570446 B CN 103570446B CN 201210282015 A CN201210282015 A CN 201210282015A CN 103570446 B CN103570446 B CN 103570446B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process technology for producing a functional fertilizer by utilizing tobacco waste. The process technology for producing the functional fertilizer by utilizing the tobacco waste comprises the following steps: collecting tobacco waste, smashing, carrying out high temperature and high pressure separation and sterilization treatment, and fermenting, wherein the fermenting step concretely comprises the steps of mixing the tobacco waste, nutritional substances and auxiliary materials in mass ratio of (70-75):(10-20):(10-20), regulating moisture content to be 50-60% and adding AT fermentation substance accounting for 0.05-0.1% of the total weight of fermentation materials. According to the process technology for producing the functional fertilizer by utilizing the tobacco waste, the AT fermentation substance can overcome influence of nicotine in the tobacco waste, quick warming and decomposition can be realized, high temperature higher than 60 DEG C is formed in a decomposition process and can be maintained for more than one week, pathogenic bacteria, eggs, weed seeds and the like can be effectively killed, and macromolecule substances not applicable in tobacco leaves can be quickly converted into micromolecule substances which can be absorbed and utilized, such as micromolecule sugar and micromolecule amino acid, through treatment by virtue of a high temperature and high pressure separator and high temperature decomposition; volume weight of soil can be reduced, formation of a soil granular structure can be promoted, and soil fertility and soil microbial activity are improved; the nicotine has a strong killing effect on plant diseases and insect pests in soil, so that soil-borne diseases can be prevented and qualities of tobacco, vegetables and fruits can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco waste processing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of Technology utilizing tobacco waste production functional fertilizer.
Background technology
Traditional agriculture is faced with the problems such as environmental pollution, ecological damage, Resource exhaustion.Therefore, by developing a circular economy, exploring a kind of high-quality, the novel agricultural mode of production efficient, capable of circulation, forming the production model of " resource → agricultural-food → renewable resource → agricultural-food ", becoming the vital task of modern agricultural development.
Tobacco is one of leading industry of China's rural economy, and national tobacco planting area reaches more than 1,500 ten thousand mu.Tobacco growing needs a large amount of potassium, phosphoric, all needs every year to supplement potassium, phosphor resource in soil.And in the tobacco wastes such as footing leaf, offal, fireworks, cigarette wooden fork and part top, containing the nutritive element such as potassium, phosphorus being easy in a large number absorb.So tobacco waste process is the important channel realizing tobacco sustainable development.
Owing to being unfavorable for the composition of microorganism growth in tobacco leaf containing nicotine etc., so traditional HM decomposing agent can not well become thoroughly decomposed to tobacco leaf, treatment process general in prior art is field emergency burial, easily causes viral superinfection.Treating pond is built in some place, land occupation, waste resource.Owing to carrying a large amount of virus, germ and worm's ovum in tobacco waste.If harmless treatment is not thorough, these pathogenic bacterias will be taken back soil, pollute.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problem provided in prior art, a kind of Technology utilizing tobacco waste production functional fertilizer is provided.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The Technology utilizing tobacco waste production functional fertilizer of the present invention, comprise the collection of tobacco waste, pulverize, High Temperature High Pressure is separated and sterilising treatment, fermentation step, the concrete technology of described fermentation step is: by tobacco waste, nutrition source material and auxiliary material are the ratio mixing of 70-75:10-20:10-20 in mass ratio, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 DEG C of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 1 55 DEG C) ferments as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times, within 5-10 days, fermentation materials is dried by fermentation ends, be packaged to be finished product.
Fermenter described in the present invention can adopt normal fermentation groove of the prior art, preferably adopts the patent No. to be 200620030881.2, and denomination of invention can prevent secondary pollution for the technical scheme disclosed in closed aerating fecal treatment apparatus, this technology.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT (obsolete tabacum) base that ferments are as follows: bacillus natto 5-50%, penicillium oxalicum (Penicillium oxalicun) HB09-4(Classification And Nomenclature: penicillium oxalicum, Latin name: Penicillium oxalicun, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6321) 5-50%, bacillus megaterium 5-50%, heat common streptomycete (Streptomyces thermovulgaris) HD12-4 (Classification And Nomenclature: hot common streptomycete, Latin name: Streptomyces thermovulgaris, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6322) 10-70%.
AT for the treatment of tobacco waste fermentation base of the present invention, screening formulation is as follows: bacillus natto 10-30%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20-40%, bacillus megaterium 10-30%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 20-40%.
When described tobacco waste is inapplicable tobacco leaf, it is 0.5-0.6MPa that described High Temperature High Pressure is separated with separating tank pressure in sterilizing treatmenting process, and temperature is 158-164 DEG C, and the time length is within 1 minute.
When described tobacco waste is tobacco rod, it is 1.9-2.0MPa that described High Temperature High Pressure is separated with separating tank pressure in sterilizing treatmenting process, and temperature is 211-213 DEG C, continues 1-2 minute.
Described nutrition source is chicken manure or rapeseed meal or both mixtures.
Described auxiliary material is Semen Maydis powder or wheat bran or both mixtures.
The preparation technology of the fermentation of the AT for the treatment of tobacco waste base of the present invention, comprises the steps:
(1) triangular flask liquid culture: fill 200ml meat soup liquid nutrient medium in 500ml triangular flask, accesses the bacillus megaterium in 2 ring slant tubes and bacillus natto respectively after sterilizing, 32 degree of shaking tables cultivate 15 hours, carries out tank body and expands numerous; In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200mlPDA liquid nutrient medium, access the bacillus natto in 2 ring slant tubes and penicillium oxalicum HB09-4,25-30 degree shaking table cultivation 17-18 hour after sterilizing respectively, carry out tank body and expand numerous; In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200ml Gause I liquid nutrient medium, 17-18 hour cultivated by heat common streptomycete HD12-4, the 50-55 degree shaking table accessed respectively after sterilizing in 2 ring slant tubes, carries out tank body and expands numerous;
(2) solid culture: adsorb in the sterilized solid carrier wheat bran 100% of tank body liquid inoculation of bacillus megaterium and bacillus natto, the ratio of liquid and solid is 1:2.4, then dries; Bacillus natto and penicillium oxalicum tank body nutrient solution are decomposed and is inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 13%, Semen Maydis powder: 10%, wheat bran: 60%, fine flour: in 12%, inoculum size is 7.5%, is placed in the pallet of lower curtate Reticular breathable after fully stirring evenly, and cultivates 3 days under the condition of 30 degree; Common for heat streptomycete tank body nutrient solution is decomposed and is inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 15%, Semen Maydis powder: 35%, wheat bran: 45%, sawdust: in 5%, inoculum size is 7.5%, be placed on after fully stirring evenly in sterilized aluminum bucket, have aperture to be increase Air permenbility at the bottom of bucket, cultivate 2 days under the condition of 50-55 degree;
(3) composite: above cultured solid fungicide to be carried out dry or aseptic ventilation is dried, according to bacillus natto 5-50, penicillium oxalicum 5-50, bacillus megaterium 5-50, the ratio of the common streptomycete 10-70 of heat mixes, the bacterial content of solid fermentation substrate be 4-6 hundred million/gram.
The penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 that the present invention relates to carries out preservation on July 17th, 2012 at China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, Classification And Nomenclature: penicillium oxalicum, Latin name: Penicillium oxalicun, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6321.
Colonial morphology and microscopic features as follows:
Bacterial classification grows comparatively fast on malt extract medium, lower 4 days of 25 DEG C of dark conditions, colony diameter 19-21mm, and quality is velvet-like, grayish green, sprawls, and conidial fructification is formed in a large number; The bacterium colony back side is light brown, without water colo(u)r.
Conidiophore is tall and big, and wall is smooth, and penicillus 2 is verticillate, and closely, bottle obstructs column, and neck is short, 8.2-13.6*2.5-3.5 m in arrangement; Conidium is oval, and light green, wall is smooth, 3.5-6.9*2.0-3.3 m.Robe structure is produced there are no condition.
The common streptomycete HD12-4 of the heat that the present invention relates to carries out preservation on July 17th, 2012 at China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, Classification And Nomenclature: hot common streptomycete, Latin name: Streptomyces thermovulgaris, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6322.
Form and physicochemical characteristics as follows:
(1) cultural characteristic
| Cultural characteristic | Aerial hyphae | Substrate mycelium | Soluble pigment |
| Czapek's solution | Beige | Shallow drabon look | Nothing |
| Glucose asparagine substratum | White | Milky white | Nothing |
| Glycerine asparagine substratum | White | Milky white | Nothing |
| Inorganic salt starch culture-medium | Beige | Drabon look | Nothing |
| ISP-2 substratum | Seldom | Shallow khaki color | Nothing |
| Oatmeal substratum | Seldom | Milky white | Nothing |
| Gause I substratum | White | Milky white | Nothing |
| Mulberry Ta Shi substratum | Seldom | Khaki color | Nothing |
(2) microscopic features: fibrillae of spores is straight, flexible, hook-shaped, volution, flexible, directly.Spore is oval.
(3) physiological and biochemical property:
The bacillus natto that the present invention relates to is that bacillus natto is purchased from Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica; The bacillus megaterium that the present invention relates to is that bacillus megaterium is purchased from Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica.
AT fermentation base of the present invention can overcome the impact of nicotine in inapplicable tobacco leaf, realization is rapidly heated and becomes thoroughly decomposed, more than 60 degree high temperature are produced in digest process, and continue more than one week, can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria, worm's ovum, weed seed etc., being become thoroughly decomposed by high-temperature high-pressure separator and high temperature makes the macromolecular substance in tobacco waste be converted into rapidly the small-molecule substance that can be absorbed and used, as small molecular sugar, amino acid etc.Can play and reduce the soil weight, promotion formation soil aggregate, culture fertility, raising soil microbial activities; Because nicotine has stronger killing effect to disease and pest in soil, effectively can prevent soil-borne disease from occurring, improve the effects such as tobacco vegetables and fruits quality.
The material that become thoroughly decomposed by the tobacco waste become thoroughly decomposed makes functional fertilizer by proportioning, return field, not only can provide organic for farmland, and in tobacco waste, be rich in a large amount of phosphorus, potassium, tobacco growing can be promoted, improve quality of tobacco, and the nicotine in tobacco also can play the object preventing disease.
Containing a large amount of xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose in discarded cigarette stalk, soil after decomposition into field, can be made more loose, improve soil aggregate, and, wherein some xylogen is specific to tobacco, its to soil and optimization function be unique, this is not available for other organic fertilizer.Material after becoming thoroughly decomposed can significantly improve aminoacids content 25-35%, and the amino acid fertilizer made, for fruits and vegetables, tobacco planting, can increase fruits and vegetables, tobacco aroma matter content, significantly improve fruits and vegetables, cigarette quality.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is further illustrated below by field test.
The impact that field test one, functional fertilizer of the present invention grow the preventive effect of tobacco bacterial wilt and cigarette strain, test-results is in table 1.
Test site: margin administrative village, lake, Hao Gang township, Shangshui County, Zhoukou City of Henan Province, this ground stops safflower tobacco 5 years continuously, this peasant family every year before tobacco leaf is transplanted custom animal excrement and forage, stalk mixture apply as fertilizer, 2008 start to occur bacterial wilt, and within 2010, bacterial wilt sickness rate is up to 15.8%.
Test method:
Test group I: test period is the 2-9 month in 2011, for examination area 0.5 mu, tobacco leaf cultivation distance between rows and hills is 120 × 50cm, and be the functional fertilizer of embodiment 1 for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Test group II: test period is the 2-9 month in 2011, for examination area 0.5 mu, tobacco leaf cultivation distance between rows and hills is 120 × 50cm, and be the functional fertilizer of embodiment 4 for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Test group III: test period is the 2-9 month in 2011, for examination area 0.5 mu, tobacco leaf cultivation distance between rows and hills is 120 × 50cm, and be the functional fertilizer of embodiment 6 for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Control group: test period is the 2-9 month in 2011, for examination area 0.5 mu, tobacco leaf cultivation distance between rows and hills is 120 × 50cm, and be the fertilizer selected the local fertilising custom for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Experimental group and control group in transplanting latter 30 days respectively, record diseased plant number when first time plucks tobacco leaf and plucks tobacco leaf for second from the bottom time.
The impact that table 1 multi-Functional Fertilizers of the present invention grows the preventive effect of tobacco bacterial wilt and cigarette strain
As can be seen from the above table, multi-Functional Fertilizers of the present invention has good prevention effect to soil-borne disease, can promote tobacco growing.
Field test two, functional fertilizer of the present invention are on the impact of fruit-vegetable quality, and test-results is in table 2.
Test site: Hebi City Qixian County, Henan Province is towards song Southern Pass village, town
Test method:
Tomato group: test period is the 3-8 month in 2011 is the functional fertilizer of embodiment 1 for examination fertilizer, and for examination area 0.5 mu, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Control group: test period is the 3-8 month in 2011, be the fertilizer selected the local fertilising custom for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Watermelon group: test period is the 3-8 month in 2011 is the functional fertilizer of embodiment 4 for examination fertilizer, and for examination area 0.5 mu, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Control group: test period is the 3-8 month in 2011, be the fertilizer selected the local fertilising custom for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Grape group: test period is in October ,-2011 in December, 2010 is the functional fertilizer of embodiment 6 for examination fertilizer, and for examination area 0.5 mu, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Control group: test period is in October ,-2011 in December, 2010, be the fertilizer selected the local fertilising custom for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Table 1 multi-Functional Fertilizers affects result to fruit-vegetable quality
Total sugar content rate of increase in statistics fruit, in fruit during Vc content rate of increase, adopts random sampling 10 groups, then calculates the method for mean value.
As can be seen from the above table, functional fertilizer of the present invention can significantly be improved the quality of products, and improves the quality of product.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the tobacco leaf waste high temperature high-pressure separation apparatus used in the present invention.
Embodiment
High Temperature High Pressure in the present invention is separated and refers to that carrying out High Temperature High Pressure by tobacco leaf waste high temperature high-pressure separation apparatus is separated and sterilising treatment with sterilising treatment, described tobacco leaf waste high temperature high-pressure separation apparatus as shown in Figure 1, comprise high-duty boiler 1 and separating tank 4, separating tank height 6.16 meters, diameter 1 meter.The high pressure steam access mouth of pipe 3 is provided with on described separating tank 4 tank body top, the high pressure steam access mouth of pipe 3 is connected with high-duty boiler 1, charging bole 2 is provided with at separating tank tank body top, tank base is provided with discharge port 6, inverted cone pipe 5 is provided with in tank base tank body, cone pipe 5 top and tank body are connected as a single entity, and bottom connects discharge port, and cone pipe is peripheral forms cavity structure with tank body.Tank body is provided with pressure warning unit 7 and thermometer 8, tank internal pressure and temperature can be observed at any time.
The conveniently in-site installation of high-duty boiler, the high pressure steam access mouth of pipe of described separating tank has three, and adjacent two high pressure steam access tube plane center of circle angles are 120 degree.
Its principle of work is as follows:
By tobacco waste after collecting, pulverizing, be transported to separating tank charging bole with lift, arrive separating tank inner, according to the difference of tobacco waste, adjustment operating pressure and temperature.To process discarded cigarette stalk, material temperature in container is raised to about 210 DEG C, and vapor pressure reaches about 1.9Mpa, continues then to open discharge port in 1-2 minute, in 2-5 minutes, under high temperature, high pressure, the xylogen in cigarette stalk, Mierocrystalline cellulose are separated.Because its action time is short, energy density is high and concentrated, and steam molecule can penetrate between the macromole such as Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen, destroys inside plant tissues structure, thus complete xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose is organized with hemicellulose etc. is separated.
Embodiment 1
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, is first carried out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce disease and pest to the pollution of vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure is separated and sterilising treatment: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, separating tank charging bole is transported to lift, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 158-164 DEG C, vapor pressure reaches 0.5-0.6Mpa, within 1 minute time length, then open rapidly discharge port and complete sterilizing and reach harmless treatment standard.
(3) fermentation step, to be the ratio mixing of 70:10:20 in mass ratio through the inapplicable tobacco leaf of sterilizing harmless treatment, nutrition source material and auxiliary material, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 DEG C of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 1 55 DEG C) ferments, 5-10 days fermentation ends as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is chicken manure.
Described auxiliary material is Semen Maydis powder.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 30%, bacillus megaterium 20%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 30%.
Its preparation technology is as follows:
(a) triangular flask liquid culture
In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200ml meat soup liquid nutrient medium, access the bacillus megaterium in 2 ring slant tubes and bacillus natto after sterilizing respectively, 32 degree of shaking tables cultivate 15 hours, carry out tank body and expand numerous.
In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200mlPDA liquid nutrient medium, access the bacillus natto in 2 ring slant tubes and penicillium oxalicum after sterilizing respectively, 17-18 hour cultivated by 25-30 degree shaking table, carries out tank body and expands numerous.
In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200ml Gause I liquid nutrient medium, access the common streptomycete of heat in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing respectively, 17-18 hour cultivated by 50-55 degree shaking table, carries out tank body and expands numerous.
(b) solid culture
Adsorb in the sterilized solid carrier wheat bran 100% of tank body liquid inoculation of bacillus megaterium and bacillus natto, the ratio of liquid and solid is 1:2.4, then dries.
Bacillus natto and penicillium oxalicum tank body nutrient solution are decomposed and is inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 13%, Semen Maydis powder: 10%, wheat bran: 60%, fine flour: in 12%, inoculum size is 7.5%, is placed in the pallet of lower curtate Reticular breathable after fully stirring evenly, and cultivates 3 days under the condition of 30 degree.
Common for heat streptomycete tank body nutrient solution is decomposed and is inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 15%, Semen Maydis powder: 35%, wheat bran: 45%, sawdust: in 5%, inoculum size is 7.5%, be placed on after fully stirring evenly in sterilized aluminum bucket, have aperture to be increase Air permenbility at the bottom of bucket, cultivate 2 days under the condition of 50-55 degree;
C () is composite: carried out by above cultured solid fungicide drying or aseptic ventilation is dried, mass ratio according to bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum 30%, bacillus megaterium 20%, the ratio of the common streptomycete 30% of heat mixes, the bacterial content of solid fermentation substrate be 4-6 hundred million/gram.
Embodiment 2
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, is first carried out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce disease and pest to the pollution of vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure is separated and sterilising treatment: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, separating tank charging bole is transported to lift, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 158 DEG C, vapor pressure reaches 0.6 Mpa, continues within 50 seconds, then to open rapidly discharge port and completes sterilizing and reach harmless treatment standard.
(3) fermentation step, to be the ratio mixing of 70:20:10 in mass ratio through the inapplicable tobacco leaf of sterilizing harmless treatment, nutrition source material and auxiliary material, regulate moisture to 60%, add the AT fermentation base of 1 ‰ fermented product total amounts, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 DEG C of fermentations 10 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (55 DEG C) ferments, 5 days fermentation ends as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is rapeseed meal.
Described auxiliary material is wheat bran.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20%, bacillus megaterium 20%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 40%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, is first carried out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce disease and pest to the pollution of vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure is separated and sterilising treatment: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, separating tank charging bole is transported to lift, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 164 DEG C, vapor pressure reaches 0.5 Mpa, continues within 20 seconds, then to open rapidly discharge port and completes sterilizing and reach harmless treatment standard.
(3) fermentation step, to be the ratio mixing of 70:20:10 in mass ratio through the inapplicable tobacco leaf of sterilizing harmless treatment, nutrition source material and auxiliary material, regulate moisture to 60%, add the AT fermentation base of 1 ‰ fermented product total amounts, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 75 DEG C of fermentations 7 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 DEG C) ferments, 10 days fermentation ends as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is rapeseed meal.
Described auxiliary material is wheat bran.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20%, bacillus megaterium 20%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 40%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
(1) collect, pulverize: the weave construction of tobacco rod is special, and xylogen, content of cellulose are higher, directly becomes thoroughly decomposed more difficult; In addition discarded cigarette stalk is mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first discarded tobacco rod is carried out closed collection, reduces disease and pest to the pollution of vega.Pulverizer is adopted first tobacco rod to be ground into 2-3 centimetre of segment.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure is separated and sterilising treatment: by tobacco rod after collecting, pulverizing, separating tank charging bole is transported to lift, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 211-213 DEG C, vapor pressure reaches 1.9-2.0Mpa, continues then to open rapidly separation and the sterilising treatment that discharge port completes tobacco rod weave construction in 1-2 minute.
(3) fermentation step, to be separated through weave construction with the tobacco rod of sterilizing harmless treatment, nutrition source material and auxiliary material in mass ratio for the ratio of 75:15:10 mixes, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 DEG C of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 1 55 DEG C) ferments, 5-10 days fermentation ends as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is the mixture of chicken manure and rapeseed meal, and both mass ratioes are 1:1.
Described auxiliary material is the mixture of Semen Maydis powder and wheat bran, and both mass ratioes are 2:1.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20%, bacillus megaterium 10%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 50%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
(1) collect, pulverize: the weave construction of tobacco rod is special, and xylogen, content of cellulose are higher, directly becomes thoroughly decomposed more difficult; In addition discarded cigarette stalk is mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first discarded tobacco rod is carried out closed collection, reduces disease and pest to the pollution of vega.Pulverizer is adopted first tobacco rod to be ground into 2-3 centimetre of segment.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure is separated and sterilising treatment: by tobacco rod after collecting, pulverizing, separating tank charging bole is transported to lift, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 211 DEG C, vapor pressure reaches 1.9Mpa, continues then to open rapidly separation and the sterilising treatment that discharge port completes tobacco rod weave construction in 1 minute.
(3) fermentation step, to be separated through weave construction with the tobacco rod of sterilizing harmless treatment, nutrition source material and auxiliary material in mass ratio for the ratio of 75:15:10 mixes, regulate moisture to 55%, add the AT fermentation base of 1 ‰ fermented product total amounts, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 DEG C of fermentations 10 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (55 DEG C) ferments, 5 days fermentation ends as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is the mixture of chicken manure and rapeseed meal, and both mass ratioes are 5:1.
Described auxiliary material is the mixture of Semen Maydis powder and wheat bran, and both mass ratioes are 1:5.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 10%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 10%, bacillus megaterium 10%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 70%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6
(1) collect, pulverize: the weave construction of tobacco rod is special, and xylogen, content of cellulose are higher, directly becomes thoroughly decomposed more difficult; Discarded tobacco rod and inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, are first carried out closed collection by discarded cigarette stalk and inapplicable tobacco leaf respectively, reduce disease and pest to the pollution of vega.Adopt pulverizer first tobacco rod to be ground into 2-3 centimetre of segment, tobacco leaf is pulverized as chip.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure is separated and sterilising treatment: by tobacco rod after collecting, pulverizing, separating tank charging bole is transported to lift, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 213 DEG C, vapor pressure reaches 2.0Mpa, continues within 2 minutes, then to open rapidly discharge port and completes weave construction separation and sterilizing.
By inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, be transported to separating tank charging bole with lift, arrive separating tank inner, the material temperature in container is raised to 155 DEG C, vapor pressure reaches 0.55, then opens rapidly separation and the sterilising treatment that discharge port completes tobacco rod weave construction.
(3) fermentation step, compound is mixed to obtain with the tobacco rod of sterilizing harmless treatment and tobacco leaf by being separated through weave construction, then by compound, nutrition source material and auxiliary material are the ratio mixing of 75:10:15 in mass ratio, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 DEG C of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45-55 DEG C) ferments as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times, 5-10 days fermentation ends.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is the mixture of chicken manure and rapeseed meal, and both mass ratioes are 2:1.
Described auxiliary material is the mixture of Semen Maydis powder and wheat bran, and both mass ratioes are 1:3.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 10%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20%, bacillus megaterium 50%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 20%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7
(1) collect, pulverize: the weave construction of tobacco rod is special, and xylogen, content of cellulose are higher, directly becomes thoroughly decomposed more difficult; Discarded tobacco rod and inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, are first carried out closed collection by discarded cigarette stalk and inapplicable tobacco leaf respectively, reduce disease and pest to the pollution of vega.Adopt pulverizer first tobacco rod to be ground into 2-3 centimetre of segment, tobacco leaf is pulverized as chip.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure is separated and sterilising treatment: by tobacco rod after collecting, pulverizing, separating tank charging bole is transported to lift, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 211-213 DEG C, vapor pressure reaches 1.9-2.0Mpa, continues within 2 minutes, then to open rapidly discharge port and completes weave construction separation and sterilizing.
By inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, be transported to separating tank charging bole with lift, arrive separating tank inner, the material temperature in container is raised to 150-158 DEG C, vapor pressure reaches 0.5-0.6, then opens rapidly separation and the sterilising treatment that discharge port completes tobacco rod weave construction.
(3) fermentation step, compound is mixed to obtain with the tobacco rod of sterilizing harmless treatment and tobacco leaf by being separated through weave construction, then by compound, nutrition source material and auxiliary material are the ratio mixing of 75:10:15 in mass ratio, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 DEG C of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 1 55 DEG C) ferments as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times, 5-10 days fermentation ends.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is chicken manure.
Described auxiliary material is Semen Maydis powder.
Described AT ferment the bacterial classification formula of base and mass percent as follows: mass ratio according to bacillus natto 50%, penicillium oxalicum 15%, bacillus megaterium 15%, the ratio of hot common streptomycete 20% mixes, the bacterial content of solid fermentation substrate be 4-6 hundred million/gram.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
The effect that AT fermentation base becomes thoroughly decomposed to tobacco waste high temperature:
1. experiment purpose
By different treatment to become thoroughly decomposed in the rotten test of tobacco waste (cigarette stalk, inapplicable tobacco leaf) heap temperature, total N, P, K; C/N, Lignin degradation rate, AT ferment the contrast of base (penicillium oxalicum, hot common streptomycete) on the adaptability of nicotine, the dynamic change of seed germination index (GI) and the impact on tobacco waste quality of compost products thereof; illustrate that AT fermentation base has relative advantage to tobacco waste process, for mass-producing process provides foundation.
2. experiment material
2.1 tobacco wastes: tobacco leaf is directly pulverized, cigarette stalk is pulverized and high-temperature high-pressure separator separating treatment
The physical and chemical index of tobacco waste: organism: 78.24%, content of lignin is about 45-50%, N:1.11% P:0.58% K:1.64% nicotine (Nicotine) popular name Nicotine, tobacco leaf content: be about 1-3%, cigarette stalk content is about 0.3-1.1%, has any different because tobacco bred is different.
2.2 nutritional supplements: mass ratio is the wheat bran of 1:1 and the mixture of Semen Maydis powder
The AT fermentation base of 2.3 embodiment of the present invention 1
2.4 general decomposing microbial inoculums: adopt decomposing microbial inoculum disclosed in Chinese patent CN101838613A.
3. experimental technique
3.1 experiment process
| Process | Combination |
| Process one | Tobacco waste (70%)+nutritional supplements (30%) |
| Process two | Tobacco waste (70%)+nutritional supplements (30%)+general decomposing microbial inoculum (1 ‰) |
| Process three | Tobacco waste (70%)+nutritional supplements (30%)+AT fermentation base (1 ‰) |
3.2 compost method
Fermented product moisture 50-60%, heap is long not to be limit, and piles wide 1.5m, piles high 0.8m
3.3 research object
Temperature, total N, P, K, C/N, Lignin degradation rate, rate of emergence, AT ferment base (penicillium oxalicum, the hot common streptomycete) adaptability to nicotine.
4. experimental result and analysis
Result shows, interpolation AT fermentation base shortens the time that tobacco waste compost reaches a high temperature, extend the pyrolytic decomposition time length, increase total nitrogen content, accelerate the degradation rate of material N, P, K and C/N ratio, improve seed germination index (GI), AT fermentation base (penicillium oxalicum, hot common streptomycete) has affinity, adaptability to cigarette stalk and the nicotine be not suitable with in tobacco leaf, can decompose tobacco waste.Accelerate tobacco waste compost maturity process.
4.1 AT ferment base to tobacco waste leavening temperature in impact
When processing a 24h, temperature is 35 DEG C, and top temperature is 48 DEG C; When processing two 24h, temperature is 45 DEG C, and enter the pyrolytic decomposition stage during 3d, top temperature is 56 DEG C, high-temperature duration 3d; When processing three 24h, temperature is 55 DEG C, and namely the same day enters the pyrolytic decomposition stage, and top temperature reaches 68 DEG C, high-temperature duration 7-10d.Process three comparatively processes two and shifts to an earlier date 2d and enter the pyrolytic decomposition stage, and high-temperature duration extends 4-6d respectively, and process three top temperatures are apparently higher than process two and process one, exceed 12 DEG C, 20 DEG C respectively.
Research finds, lignocellulose is mainly decomposed at hot stage, and the high temperature bacteria strain that AT ferments in base accelerates heap body and heats up, and accelerates the decomposition of lignocellulose material in compost substrate, thus shortens the cycle of compost maturity.
4.2 AT ferment base to tobacco waste quality in impact
It is as follows that three kinds of process survey its nutrient composition content after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed respectively:
| Process | N（%） | P（%） | K（%） |
| Process one | 0.99 | 1.58 | 2.64 |
| Process two | 1.09 | 2.08 | 3.15 |
| Process three | 1.11 | 2.83 | 4.33 |
The process adding AT fermentation base microbial inoculum significantly can increase total N, P, K nutrient content of tobacco waste composting production.Process two N increase by 10.1% more total than process one, total P increases by 31.6%, and total K increases by 19.3%; Process three N increase by 1.8% more total than process two, total P increases by 36.1%, and total K increases by 37.5%.
In tobacco waste, the nutritive element content such as P, K is higher, but many and organicly form mixture, can not be used effectively, and AT ferments in base the bacterial classification decomposing organophosphorus, organic potassium specially, thus promotes that in tobacco waste, P, K ingredient breakdown discharges.
4.3 C/N
Compost needs suitable C/N, and one to remove in compost the C/N requiring to be suitable for be (25-30): 1, when C/N is too low, can not provide enough energy substances for microorganism, when C/N is too high, and aerobic requirements raising in composting process and produce a large amount of foul smell.The C/N of tobacco waste is higher by about 36, makes amendment by nutritional supplements (wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder), regulates the C/N of compost to about 25.
C/N be compost maturity an important indicator, when C/N reaches (15-20): when 1, think compost maturity.
Compost maturity is to 3d, and when when the C/N ratio of process one, two, three is respectively 28.7,27.1,26.8,7d, the C/N ratio of process one, two, three is respectively 25.8,23.3,22.1,11d, the C/N of process three is down to 18.6, reaches the standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed.As can be seen here, the tobacco heap ferment effect adding AT fermentation base is obviously better.
4.4 AT ferment base to the impact of lignin degradation efficiency
In cigarette stalk, degree of lignification is higher, and content of lignin is about 45-50%, and after wood fibre separating treatment, content of lignin is still about 30%.And general Spruce lignin content is about 15-20%, therefore the degraded of lignocellulose is the principal element of restriction cigarette stalk compost maturity.
When compost is to 15d, now process one, two, three content of lignin difference 28.2%, 24.4%, 12.7%.Process an xylogen substantially without degraded, process two content and slightly reduce, process three degradation effects remarkable.
There is the bacterial strain of efficient degradation lignocellulose in AT fermentation base, extracellular lignocellulose lytic enzyme can be produced, active far away higher than enzyme in the spore of bacterium, accelerate rate of decomposition and the efficiency of lignocellulose material in compost substrate.
4.5 AT ferment base to seed germination index (GI) in impact
The phytotoxicity measuring compost by biological method checks the effective ways of compost maturity, and seed germination index is innoxious, the important indicator of degree of stability.
To compost 7d, the germination index of each process seed is respectively: 28.8%, 58.2%, 82.1%, wherein the fastest with the germination index lift velocity processing three, to compost to 15d, the germination index of each process seed is respectively: 66.8%, 72%, 86%, process three meets requirement of becoming thoroughly decomposed completely.Add AT fermentation base and effectively can improve seed germination index.
4.6 AT fermentation base (penicillium oxalicum, the hot common streptomycete) adaptability to nicotine
Fermented by AT base and common decomposing agent makes the bacterium liquid of equal proportion, is inoculated into respectively with in tobacco waste (cigarette stalk accounts for 70%, and inapplicable tobacco leaf accounts for 30%) matrix, observes their growing state.Found that, inoculation 24h after AT ferment base tobacco waste matrix on start to occur white hypha, a large amount of white hyphas has been grown to during 48h, and the tobacco waste matrix now inoculating common decomposing agent only has a small amount of mycelia, subsequently, the ferment tobacco waste matrix of base of inoculation AT is covered with about sustainable several days of the mycelia on vein surface, generating portion spore simultaneously. and the mycelia inoculating the tobacco waste matrix of common decomposing agent does not significantly change.Add AT fermentation base (mould, strepto-) as can be seen here, to cigarette stalk and the nicotine be not suitable with in tobacco leaf, there is stronger affinity, adaptability.
5. experiment conclusion:
1. do not add in the process of the rotten fermentation of tobacco waste heap of microbial inoculum, heat-up rate is slow, and can not enter the pyrolytic decomposition stage, seed germination index is lower, and becoming thoroughly decomposed process is comparatively slow, and degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed is lower.
2, adding a tobacco waste removing decomposing microbial inoculum piles in rotten fermenting process, and heat-up rate is comparatively slow, and the time entering the pyrolytic decomposition stage is longer, and high-temperature duration is shorter, and has restraining effect to most microbial inoculum.
3. it is very fast that the tobacco waste adding AT fermenting agent piles heat-up rate in rotten process, heap body enters rapidly the pyrolytic decomposition stage, high-temperature duration extends, shorten the compost fermentation time, can promote that C/N reduces, significantly improve seed germination index, and the total nitrogen of composting production, the content of total phosphorus, always potassium can be significantly improved, improve the quality of composting production.
Claims (3)
1. one kind utilizes the Technology of tobacco waste production functional fertilizer, it is characterized in that: the collection comprising tobacco waste, pulverize, High Temperature High Pressure is separated and sterilising treatment, fermentation step, the concrete technology of described fermentation step is: by tobacco waste, nutrition source material and auxiliary material are the ratio mixing of 70-75:10-20:10-20 in mass ratio, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 DEG C of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day 2 times, after temperature declines, middle low temperature fermentation is carried out at 45-55 DEG C, 5-10 days fermentation ends, fermentation materials is dried, be packaged to be finished product
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 5-50%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 5-50%, bacillus megaterium 5-50%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 10-70%;
Described tobacco waste is inapplicable tobacco leaf, and it is 0.5-0.6MPa that described High Temperature High Pressure is separated with separating tank pressure in sterilizing treatmenting process, and temperature is 158-164 DEG C, is within 1 minute in the time length;
Described tobacco waste is tobacco rod, and it is 1.9-2.0MPa that described High Temperature High Pressure is separated with separating tank pressure in sterilizing treatmenting process, and temperature is 205-215 DEG C, and the time length is 1-2 minute.
2. the Technology utilizing tobacco waste production functional fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described nutrition source is chicken manure or rapeseed meal or both mixtures.
3. the Technology utilizing tobacco waste production functional fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described auxiliary material is Semen Maydis powder or wheat bran or both mixtures.
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| CN104186909B (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2018-01-19 | 中山大学 | Fresh tobacco leaf while the method for obtaining organic fertilizer and bioprotein are not applied to using the biological treatment of chrysomyia megacephala larva |
| CN104761408B (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2017-05-10 | 云南顺丰生物科技肥业开发有限公司 | Production method of pest control organic fertilizer |
| CN104961511A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-10-07 | 四川省烟草公司广元市公司(广元市烟草公司) | Method for producing organic fertilizer with tobacco waste |
| CN105130547B (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2018-03-23 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of method of nicotine content in degrading tobacco discarded object using During High-Temperature Composting |
| CN105693301A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-06-22 | 云南福发生物科技有限公司 | Method for producing natural organic fertilizer from reconstituted tobacco solid waste |
| CN105693390A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-06-22 | 云南福发生物科技有限公司 | Vegetable foliar fertilizer produced from reconstituted tobacco wastewater and production method of vegetable foliar fertilizer |
| CN105777422A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-07-20 | 云南福发生物科技有限公司 | Method for producing saline alkali soil conditioning agent through reconstituted tobacco concentrated waste liquor |
| CN106316653A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-11 | 潘爱华 | Compound microbial fertilizer produced from tobacco waste |
| CN107021804A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-08-08 | 安康市烟草公司汉滨烟叶分公司 | The culture medium prescription and preparation method and application of a kind of utilization tobacco rod culturing edible fungus |
| CN107651985A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-02-02 | 湖南碧野农业科技开发有限责任公司 | A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN108774092A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-11-09 | 遵义农神肥业有限公司 | One kind organic fertilizer containing tobacco waste and preparation method thereof |
| CN111434642A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2020-07-21 | 南平市烟草公司邵武分公司 | Method for producing organic fertilizer by using fresh tobacco stems at low cost |
| CN113135795A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-07-20 | 凉山金叶化肥有限责任公司 | Tobacco waste treatment method and organic fertilizer |
| CN113277900A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-08-20 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Production process of tobacco straw bio-organic fertilizer |
| CN115626844A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2023-01-20 | 重庆市城口县张代福农业科技有限公司 | Method for preparing organic fertilizer by using waste tobacco stems |
| CN115677398B (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2024-08-23 | 安徽师范大学 | Solid-state fermentation composite fish offal and tobacco waste organic fertilizer and production method and application thereof |
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| CN1291006C (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-12-20 | 南京师范大学 | Microbial fermenting agent |
| CN101613222A (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2009-12-30 | 郑州大学 | A kind of tobacco stalk organic fertilizer and manufacturing thereof, using method |
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