CN103558187A - Measurement device and measurement method for concentration of water mist - Google Patents
Measurement device and measurement method for concentration of water mist Download PDFInfo
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- CN103558187A CN103558187A CN201310545792.6A CN201310545792A CN103558187A CN 103558187 A CN103558187 A CN 103558187A CN 201310545792 A CN201310545792 A CN 201310545792A CN 103558187 A CN103558187 A CN 103558187A
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Abstract
The invention provides a measuring device and a measuring method for the concentration of water mist and relates to a water mist concentration measuring instrument, a water mist concentration calibrating device and a water mist concentration measuring method. The water mist concentration measuring instrument comprises a bracket (1), an optical transmitting unit (9), an optical receiving unit (3) and an airflow blowing device (6), wherein the optical transmitting unit (9) and the optical receiving unit (3) are mounted on the two sides of the bracket (1). The water mist concentration calibrating device comprises a box body (12) provided with a water mist generator (12); one side of the box body (12) is provided with a mist blowing fan (13) and the other side of the box body (12) is provided with a door leaf (11); the box body (12) is arranged on a pressure sensor (10); a pressure collector (14) is coupled with the pressure sensor (10). The measuring method comprises the following steps: preparing the water mist concentration measuring instrument and the water mist concentration calibrating device; measuring and establishing a relationship between a water mist concentration and scattering voltage under a corresponding depositing moment; placing the relationship into a single chip microcomputer control circuit; and mounting the water mist concentration measuring instrument into a real water mist environment to measure a water mist concentration value in real time.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to device and the measuring method of the interior water smoke concentration in a kind of measurement & characterization space (being generally airspace), specifically comprise the technical water smoke concentration measuring apparatus that is mutually related, water smoke concentration calibration device and water smoke concentration measuring method.
Two, background technology
Water smoke extinguishing electric, naval vessel, building all kinds fire is used widely, at oil, natural gas line, carry and also there has been certain application and development in mine gas anti-explosion explosion-suppression field.Water smoke concentration is one of important parameter characterizing water smoke feature in space, and at present, water smoke measurement of concetration is the mode that adopts conventional amounts agar diffusion method and weight method.These methods have the following disadvantages: 1) can only measure the variation of water smoke concentration in certain hour, can not realize real-time measurement, 2) can only measure the total water smoke amount in certain volume space, can not realize point measurement.In addition, through retrieval, do not adopt at present the patent of optical method measurement space water smoke concentration both at home and abroad yet, it is mainly the water fog particle that is difficult to obtain size uniform, simultaneously, due to evaporation and collision, the size of water fog particle and quality also can change at any time, there is no water smoke concentration calibration method and the device that can use for reference.
Three, summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides water smoke apparatus for measuring concentration and the measuring method of water smoke concentration change in the real-time measurement & characterization of a kind of energy space, specifically comprise water smoke concentration measuring apparatus, water smoke concentration calibration device and the water smoke concentration measuring method of technical interrelated (having identical or corresponding essential features).
Basic ideas of the present invention are: water smoke concentration-scattering voltage relationship formula demarcation water smoke concentration of utilizing light scattering principle and making by caliberating device, thereby realize, water smoke concentration is online to be measured in real time.
Present patent application comprises the invention of three technical interrelated (having identical or corresponding essential features), respectively:
I, a kind of water smoke concentration measuring apparatus, is characterized in that: this measuring instrument comprises support, is arranged on the optical emitting unit of support one side, is arranged on the optics receiving element of support opposite side, gas flow purging device; Wherein:
Optical emitting unit is comprised of light-emitting component and the diversing lens that is contained in before light-emitting component;
Optics receiving element by receiver lens, be contained in the photoelectric diode D1 after receiver lens, the testing circuit installation composition being connected with photoelectric diode D1;
Gas flow purging device is the pressure air pipeline that is provided with two air stream outlets, and one of them air stream outlet is aimed at diversing lens, and another air stream outlet is aimed at receiver lens;
Testing circuit device comprises power circuit, photoelectric switching circuit, single chip machine controlling circuit, display circuit.
Further scheme is: light-emitting component is semiconductor laser diode, and photoelectric diode D1 is silicon photoelectric diode.
In this invention: power circuit, photoelectric switching circuit, single chip machine controlling circuit, display circuit all can adopt common multiple circuit arrangement.Pressure air pipeline can external compressed air, also can separately establish small fan, and small fan one end communicates with atmosphere, and the other end communicates with two air stream outlets respectively.Light-emitting component can be that power is the semiconductor laser diode that 3mW, wavelength are 635nm.Testing circuit device is for scattering voltage and the detection of water smoke concentration, calculating, storage, demonstration etc.Gas flow purging device wind-force should be very little, as long as can guarantee that camera lens is not stained with water smoke, can not exert an influence to mist field again, to guarantee measuring accuracy.
II, a kind of water smoke concentration calibration device, is characterized in that: this device comprises the casing that water fog generator is housed, casing one side is equipped with blows fog fan, and casing opposite side is equipped with door leaf, and casing is placed on pressure transducer, is provided with pressure acquisition instrument and connects with pressure transducer.In this invention: water fog generator can adopt conventional product, both can be contained in casing, and also can be contained in outside casing and be communicated with casing.
III, a kind of water smoke concentration measuring method, is characterized in that:
A, preparation water smoke concentration measuring apparatus: this measuring instrument comprises support, is arranged on the optical emitting unit of support one side, is arranged on the optics receiving element of support opposite side, gas flow purging device; Wherein:
Optical emitting unit is comprised of light-emitting component and the diversing lens that is contained in before light-emitting component;
Optics receiving element by receiver lens, be contained in the photoelectric diode D1 after receiver lens, the testing circuit installation composition being connected with photoelectric diode D1;
Gas flow purging device is the pressure air pipeline that is provided with two air stream outlets, and one of them air stream outlet is aimed at diversing lens, and another air stream outlet is aimed at receiver lens;
Testing circuit device comprises power circuit, photoelectric switching circuit, single chip machine controlling circuit, display circuit;
B, preparation water smoke concentration calibration device: this device comprises the casing that water fog generator is housed, casing one side is equipped with the fan that is communicated with atmosphere and casing, casing opposite side is equipped with door leaf, and casing is placed on pressure transducer, is provided with pressure acquisition instrument and connects with pressure transducer;
C, close door leaf, opening pressure Acquisition Instrument, start water fog generator, work T0 makes to be full of water smoke in casing second, then closes water fog generator, and sedimentation T1 is after second, start fan and open door leaf, blow out the suspension water smoke in casing, by the pressure acquisition instrument collection connecting with pressure transducer, blow out the water smoke quality that the weight difference of casing before and after suspension water smoke is T1 time point casing inner suspension, by this water smoke quality, divided by tank-volumes, be the water smoke concentration in casing; Use the same method, can obtain sedimentation T2, T3, T4, T5 ... the water smoke concentration of Tn after second, n is integer;
D, water smoke concentration measuring apparatus is placed in casing, starts gas flow purging device, close door leaf, start water fog generator, work T0 makes to be full of water smoke in casing second, then closes water fog generator, by testing circuit device, measures respectively sedimentation T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 ... the scattering voltage of Tn after second;
The water smoke concentration of inscribing while obtaining corresponding sedimentation by step C, D and corresponding scattering voltage, obtain the relational expression of water smoke concentration and scattering voltage by mathematical method quadratic fit;
E, the relational expression of water smoke concentration and scattering voltage is placed in after single chip machine controlling circuit, just water smoke concentration measuring apparatus can be arranged in real water smoke environment, measure the water smoke concentration value in real water smoke environment.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
(1) water smoke concentration measuring apparatus of the present invention adopts optical principle can realize the real-time measurement that characterizes water smoke concentration in space, simple in structure, reasonable in design.
(2) water smoke concentration measuring apparatus of the present invention adopts gas flow purging protective device, can effectively prevent that camera lens is stained with water smoke, guarantees measurement result accuracy.
(3) water smoke concentration measuring apparatus of the present invention adopts caliberating device to demarcate, and by water smoke concentration, scattering voltage that experiment in caliberating device was obtained in the different settling times, maps, and through quadratic fit, obtains water smoke concentration-scattering voltage relationship formula.
(4) measuring method of water smoke concentration meter of the present invention is by gathering the light signal after water smoke scattering, and is converted to voltage signal, and water smoke concentration-voltage relationship formula of making according to caliberating device calculates corresponding water smoke concentration value.
Four, accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is water smoke concentration measuring apparatus structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is testing circuit device circuit theory diagram.
Fig. 3 is a kind of concrete power circuit diagram.
Fig. 4 is a kind of concrete photoelectric switching circuit figure.
Fig. 5 is a kind of concrete Single-chip Controlling electrograph.
Fig. 6 is a kind of concrete display circuit figure.
Fig. 7 is caliberating device structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 8 voltage-water smoke concentration curve schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 water smoke measurement of concetration process flow diagram.
In figure: 1, support; 2 support bars; 3, receiving element; 4, circuit arrangement; 5, receiver lens; 6, gas flow purging device; 7, diversing lens; 8, light-emitting component (semiconductor laser diode); 9, transmitter unit; 10, pressure transducer; 11, door leaf; 12, casing; 13, blow fog fan; 14, pressure acquisition instrument.
Five, embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described further, but the invention is not restricted to the following example.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of water smoke concentration measuring apparatus, is characterized in that: this measuring instrument comprises support 1, is arranged on the optical emitting unit 9 of support 1 one sides, is arranged on the optics receiving element 3 of support 1 opposite side, gas flow purging device 6; Wherein:
Gas flow purging device 6 is for being provided with the pressure air pipeline of two air stream outlets, and one of them air stream outlet is aimed at diversing lens 7, and another air stream outlet is aimed at receiver lens 5;
Light-emitting component 8 is semiconductor laser diodes, and photoelectric diode D1 is silicon photoelectric diode.
With reference to Fig. 7, a kind of water smoke concentration calibration device, it is characterized in that: this device comprises the casing 12 that water fog generator is housed, casing 12 1 sides are equipped with blows fog fan 13, casing 12 opposite sides are equipped with door leaf 11, casing 12 is placed on pressure transducer 10, is provided with pressure acquisition instrument 14 and connects with pressure transducer 10.
A concentration measuring method, is characterized in that:
A, preparation water smoke concentration measuring apparatus: this measuring instrument comprises support 1, is arranged on the optical emitting unit 9 of support 1 one sides, is arranged on the optics receiving element 3 of support 1 opposite side, gas flow purging device 6; Wherein:
Gas flow purging device 6 is for being provided with the pressure air pipeline of two air stream outlets, and one of them air stream outlet is aimed at diversing lens 7, and another air stream outlet is aimed at receiver lens 5;
B, preparation water smoke concentration calibration device: this device comprises the casing 12 that water fog generator is housed, casing 12 1 sides are equipped with the fan 13 that is communicated with atmosphere and casing 12, casing 12 opposite sides are equipped with door leaf 11, casing 12 is placed on pressure transducer 10, is provided with pressure acquisition instrument 14 and connects with pressure transducer 10;
C, close door leaf 11, opening pressure Acquisition Instrument 14, start water fog generator, work T0 makes to be full of water smoke in casing 12 second, then close water fog generator, sedimentation T1 is after second, start fan 13 and open door leaf 11, blow out the suspension water smoke in casing 12, pressure acquisition instrument 14 by connecting with pressure transducer 10 gathers and blows out the water smoke quality that the weight difference of casing 12 before and after suspension water smoke is T1 time point casing 12 inner suspensions, by this water smoke quality, divided by casing 12 volumes, is the water smoke concentration in casing 12; Use the same method, can obtain sedimentation T2, T3, T4, T5 ... the water smoke concentration of Tn after second, n is integer;
D, water smoke concentration measuring apparatus is placed in casing 12, start gas flow purging device 6, close door leaf 11, start water fog generator, work T0 makes to be full of water smoke in casing 12 second, then close water fog generator, by testing circuit device 4, measure respectively sedimentation T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 ... the scattering voltage of Tn after second;
The water smoke concentration of inscribing while obtaining corresponding sedimentation by step C, D and corresponding scattering voltage, obtain the relational expression of water smoke concentration and scattering voltage by mathematical method quadratic fit;
E, the relational expression of water smoke concentration and scattering voltage is placed in after single chip machine controlling circuit, just water smoke concentration measuring apparatus can be arranged in real water smoke environment, measure the water smoke concentration value in real water smoke environment.
With reference to Fig. 2, for water smoke concentration detection apparatus of the present invention comprises power circuit, photoelectric switching circuit, single chip machine controlling circuit, LCD display circuit.Wherein opto-electronic conversion, Single-chip Controlling, LCD demonstration are all powered by power circuit.The scattered light signal that photoelectric switching circuit receives photodiode is converted to voltage signal and amplifies, and after single-chip microcomputer receives, after A/D conversion, by the water smoke concentration-scattering voltage relationship formula prestoring, is calculated corresponding water smoke concentration value and is shown output by LCD.
With reference to Fig. 3, the power circuit for water smoke concentration of the present invention detects, comprises capacitor C 1～C5, inductance L 1, L2, and resistance R 1, R2 and Voltage stabilizing module U1 form.In this example, Voltage stabilizing module adopts LM7805, and 3 pin (Vin) of LM7805 are connected with positive source as input end, and 2 pin (Vout) provide power supply as output terminal for single-chip microcomputer, and 1 pin is connected with the ground of input power.Wherein C1～C5 plays voltage regulation filtering effect, and L1 and R1 are connected on respectively between microcontroller power supply (VCC) and the both positive and negative polarity of operational amplifier power supply (Vdd) and play buffer action after L2 and R2 series connection.
With reference to Fig. 4, the photoelectric switching circuit for detecting for water smoke concentration of the present invention, comprises voltage acquisition, follows and amplifying circuit, by silicon photoelectric diode D1, and capacitor C 6, resistance R 3～R6 and operational amplifier U2 form.In this example, operational amplifier adopts LM358, D1 and C6 are in parallel, wherein be connected the positive pole of D1 and power supply, negative pole is connected with 3 pin (in-phase input end) of U2A, gather the voltage signal of light scattering, 2 pin (inverting input) of U2A are connected with 1 pin (output terminal) of U2A, play voltage Following effect.1 pin of U2A is connected with 5 pin (normal phase input end) of U2B through balance resistance R3, be connected R4 one end and power supply, one end is connected with 6 pin (negative-phase input) of U2B, amplifies resistance R 5 and is connected between 6 pin (negative-phase input) and 7 pin (output terminal) of U2B.
With reference to Fig. 5, be the single chip machine controlling circuit that water smoke concentration of the present invention detects, comprise that capacitor C 7～C9, resistance R 6, crystal oscillator Y1, singlechip chip form.Singlechip chip adopts the STC12C5A60S2 of increase type, carries A/D translation function.9 pin of the positive and negative electrode of C7, R6 and power supply and U3 form reset circuit, 18,19 pin of C8, C9, Y1, power cathode, U3 form crystal oscillating circuit, 40 pin, 31 pin of U3 are connected with positive source, are connected 20 pin and power supply, and the necessary minimum system of above formation single-chip microcomputer work.Wherein 1 pin (P1.0) of U3 is connected with 7 pin of photoelectric switching circuit, and collection the voltage after amplifying are realized to A/D conversion.26～28 pin of U3 are connected with 7～5 pin of U4 (LCD12864) respectively, control the demonstration of liquid crystal display.
With reference to Fig. 6, the display circuit for water smoke concentration of the present invention detects, is comprised of slide rheostat R7 and LCDs U4, and in this example, LCDs adopts LCD12864.R7 is connected for the backlight illumination of adjustable liquid crystal display display screen with the positive and negative electrode of power supply and 3,4 pin of U4.1 pin of U4,16 pin, 20 pin are connected with the negative pole of power supply, and 19 pin are connected with the positive pole of power supply.5～7 pin of U4 are connected with 28～26 pin of U3 respectively, thereby by Single-chip Controlling, the magnitude of voltage that demonstration gathers and the water smoke concentration value of conversion etc.
Introduce a kind of concrete water smoke concentration calibration curve (water smoke concentration-change in voltage relation) method for making below:
Start atomising device, work 3min, makes to be full of in casing 12 evenly saturated water smoke.Then close atomising device, after sedimentation 30s, start and blow fog fan and open fast fog outlet, blow out the water smoke of casing 12 inner suspensions, by the data acquisition circuit device being connected with pressure transducer, gather the water smoke quality that twice weight difference is this time point device inner suspension, divided by volume, be the water smoke concentration in this device, in order to eliminate systematic error, guarantee the accuracy of data as far as possible, each time point can repeat to test 5 times, remove mxm. and minimum, then average as the water smoke concentration value of this time point, and calculate.Use the same method, make the water smoke concentration value of sedimentation 0s, 90s, 120s, 150s.
Water smoke concentration measuring apparatus is placed in casing 12, starts camera lens blow device and power supply, start atomising device, work 3min (min divides the time), makes to be full of in casing 12 same evenly saturated water smoke.Then close atomising device, (s is second time to measure respectively sedimentation 0s, scattering voltage in 30s, 90s, 120s, 150s down together),, equally in order to eliminate systematic error, guarantee data accuracy as far as possible, each time point duplicate measurements 5 times, removes mxm. and minimum, gets its mean value.
According to the data analysis that repeats experiment, the water smoke concentration value standard deviation of saturation concentration and each settling time point is all less than 5g/m
3, meanwhile, the settling time is controlled by the time relay, can be as accurate as second.Therefore can guarantee scattering voltage and water smoke concentration value correspondence, the same settling time under identical starting condition, therefore the corresponding scattering voltage of water smoke concentration value under can obtaining not in the same time, to the scattering voltage mapping under different water smoke concentration, then through quadratic polynomial matching, can obtain curve and the equation of water smoke concentration-scattering change in voltage, as Fig. 8.
During concrete enforcement, water smoke concentration measuring apparatus of the present invention is arranged in water smoke environment, and starts camera lens blow device.With reference to Fig. 9, for the concrete process flow diagram of measuring of apparatus of the present invention, specifically comprise following steps: initialization → startup LASER Light Source, generation scattered light → photodiode receiving optical signals → photoelectric switching circuit is converted to the rear output → single-chip microcomputer receiver voltage signal of voltage signal amplification and carries out A/D conversion → single-chip microcomputer and calculates water smoke concentration value → LCD demonstration water smoke concentration value according to the voltage-water smoke concentration relationship formula prestoring.
Claims (4)
1. a water smoke concentration measuring apparatus, it is characterized in that: this measuring instrument comprises support (1), be arranged on the optical emitting unit (9) of support (1) one side, be arranged on the optics receiving element (3) of support (1) opposite side, gas flow purging device (6); Wherein:
Optical emitting unit (9) is by light-emitting component (8) and be contained in light-emitting component (8) diversing lens (7) above and form;
Optics receiving element (3) by receiver lens (5), be contained in photoelectric diode D1 below of receiver lens (5), the testing circuit device (4) being connected with photoelectric diode D1 forms;
Gas flow purging device (6) is for being provided with the pressure air pipeline of two air stream outlets, and one of them air stream outlet is aimed at diversing lens (7), and another air stream outlet is aimed at receiver lens (5);
Testing circuit device (4) comprises power circuit, photoelectric switching circuit, single chip machine controlling circuit, display circuit.
2. water smoke concentration measuring apparatus according to claim 1, is characterized in that: light-emitting component (8) is semiconductor laser diode, and photoelectric diode D1 is silicon photoelectric diode.
3. a water smoke concentration calibration device, it is characterized in that: this device comprises the casing (12) that water fog generator is housed, casing (12) one sides are equipped with blows fog fan (13), casing (12) opposite side is equipped with door leaf (11), it is upper that casing (12) is placed in pressure transducer (10), is provided with pressure acquisition instrument (14) and connects with pressure transducer (10).
4. a water smoke concentration measuring method, is characterized in that:
A, preparation water smoke concentration measuring apparatus: this measuring instrument comprises support (1), be arranged on the optical emitting unit (9) of support (1) one side, be arranged on the optics receiving element (3) of support (1) opposite side, gas flow purging device (6); Wherein:
Optical emitting unit (9) is by light-emitting component (8) and be contained in light-emitting component (8) diversing lens (7) above and form;
Optics receiving element (3) by receiver lens (5), be contained in photoelectric diode D1 below of receiver lens (5), the testing circuit device (4) being connected with photoelectric diode D1 forms;
Gas flow purging device (6) is for being provided with the pressure air pipeline of two air stream outlets, and one of them air stream outlet is aimed at diversing lens (7), and another air stream outlet is aimed at receiver lens (5);
Testing circuit device (4) comprises power circuit, photoelectric switching circuit, single chip machine controlling circuit, display circuit;
B, preparation water smoke concentration calibration device: this device comprises the casing (12) that water fog generator is housed, casing (12) one sides are equipped with the fan (13) that is communicated with atmosphere and casing (12), casing (12) opposite side is equipped with door leaf (11), it is upper that casing (12) is placed in pressure transducer (10), is provided with pressure acquisition instrument (14) and connects with pressure transducer (10);
C, close door leaf (11), opening pressure Acquisition Instrument (14), start water fog generator, work T0 makes to be full of water smoke in casing (12) second, then close water fog generator, sedimentation T1 is after second, start fan (13) and open door leaf (11), blow out the suspension water smoke in casing (12), by the collection of the pressure acquisition instrument (14) that connects with pressure transducer (10), blow out the water smoke quality that the weight difference of casings (12) before and after suspension water smoke is T1 time point casing (12) inner suspension, by this water smoke quality, divided by casing (12) volume, be the interior water smoke concentration of casing (12); Use the same method, can obtain sedimentation T2, T3, T4, T5 ... the water smoke concentration of Tn after second, n is integer;
D, water smoke concentration measuring apparatus is placed in casing (12), start gas flow purging device (6), close door leaf (11), start water fog generator, work T0 makes to be full of water smoke in casing (12) second, then close water fog generator, by testing circuit device (4), measure respectively sedimentation T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 ... the scattering voltage of Tn after second;
The water smoke concentration of inscribing while obtaining corresponding sedimentation by step C, D and corresponding scattering voltage, obtain the relational expression of water smoke concentration and scattering voltage by mathematical method quadratic fit;
E, the relational expression of water smoke concentration and scattering voltage is placed in after single chip machine controlling circuit, just water smoke concentration measuring apparatus can be arranged in real water smoke environment, measure the water smoke concentration value in real water smoke environment.
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Inventor after: Wu Guodong Inventor after: Zhu Wenjun Inventor after: Xu Rui Inventor after: Peng Xusheng Inventor after: Wu Zhaokui Inventor after: Zhang Botao Inventor after: Lin Yifeng Inventor after: Xiang Dingai Inventor before: Xiang Dingai Inventor before: Wu Zhaokui Inventor before: Peng Xusheng Inventor before: Lin Yifeng Inventor before: Zhang Botao Inventor before: Xu Rui Inventor before: Zhu Wenjun |
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Application publication date: 20140205 |