CN103535389B - 植物源果树杀虫剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种植物源果树杀虫剂及其生产方法,其原料和重量份数包括:大蒜头20~30份,除虫菊20~30份,辣蓼20~30份,无患子果5-10份,鱼藤酮10~15份,左旋α-松油醇2-5份。生产方法是将大蒜头,除虫菊,辣蓼,无患子果打碎,加5~10倍水,煮沸30-50分钟,过滤,滤渣再加3-5倍水煮沸20分钟,合并两次滤液,加入鱼藤酮和左旋α-松油醇混合均匀,得到产品,取产品稀释300-500倍喷洒,可有效防治卷叶蛾、红蜘蛛、蚜虫、荔枝椿象等害虫。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用无害植物为原料制成的杀虫剂,特别是果树杀虫剂,可有效防治卷叶蛾、红蜘蛛、蚜虫、荔枝椿象等害虫。
背景技术
果树种植比很多作物栽培都比较容易,种植方法一般包括整地、施肥、田间管理、剪枝、护花、护果、病虫害防除等步骤,其中病虫害防除是较为重要的一个过程,南方果树的柑橘、荔枝、龙眼、芒果等最常见的害虫是卷叶蛾、红蜘蛛、蚜虫、荔枝椿象等。
卷叶蛾、红蜘蛛以7 月至9月最为严重,常蛀食茶叶、小枝及新梢,小枝皮被食后即枯死,幼苗被害后即死亡,严重影响果树的生长。蚜虫多聚集在植株的芽、嫩叶或嫩枝上,无休止吮吸着汁液,被害的植株枝叶发黄变形,严重时植株萎蔫死亡。荔枝椿象危害荔枝龙眼的枝叶,使果树生长缓慢。
果树上常用杀虫剂种类很多, 目前农民们为了方便和快捷,大都使用农药,由于当喷洒了有残留毒素的农药时,就会导致有残留毒素的农药对我们身体造成危害,随着无公害食品和绿色食品的兴起,为了保证人民身体健康和保护环境不受污染,一些剧毒和高残留农药逐渐被淘汰、禁用。所以,提倡使用无毒无公害的杀虫剂,对果树种植就变得非常重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种果树无公害杀虫剂,使之种植出无农药、无激素和无化学药品污染的水果。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种植物源果树杀虫剂,其特征在于,其原料和重量份数如下:
大蒜头 20~30份;
除虫菊 20~30份;
辣蓼 20~30份;
无患子果 5-10份;
鱼藤酮 10~15份;
左旋α-松油醇 2-5份。
以上所述的植物源果树杀虫剂,生产方法是将大蒜头,除虫菊,辣蓼,无患子果打碎,加5~10倍水,煮沸30-50分钟,过滤,滤渣再加3-5倍水煮沸20分钟,合并两次滤液,加入鱼藤酮和左旋α-松油醇混合均匀,得到产品。
本发明的植物源果树杀虫剂的使用方法是将产品稀释300-500倍喷洒于果树的茎秆、叶子和根部周围,防治卷叶蛾、红蜘蛛、蚜虫、荔枝椿象。
所述原料中,大蒜头是我们餐桌上常见的蔬菜,这里不用解释了。
除虫菊的有效成分是除虫菊素,是从白花除虫菊(Pyrethrum cinerarifolium Trev.)的花朵中提取的杀虫活性物质,它由具有杀虫活性的除虫菊酯工、Ⅱ,瓜菊酯工、Ⅱ和茉莉菊酯工、Ⅱ6种物质组成,这6种组分,杀虫效力各有侧重,杀虫作用不一,因此杀虫效果好,杀虫谱广,作用方式多样,具有触杀、驱避和拒食作用,害虫不易产生抗药性,见光慢慢分解成C02和水,不产生任何有毒或污染物质,因此使用后无残留,对人畜无副作用,对环境安全,是国际公认的安全、无公害天然杀虫剂属于纯天然植物源杀虫剂,在农林牧生产、仓储及卫生杀虫等领域均有广泛用途。除虫菊素在农林牧业生产上,可制成多种剂型用来灭杀蚜虫、菜青虫、粉虱、毛虫、各种夜蛾及红蜘蛛等害虫。试验结果表明:5%天然除虫菊800倍液对黄瓜美洲斑潜叶蝇防治效果较好,防效可达90%以上;5%除虫菊素乳油对水800倍和1000倍喷雾,对桃树红蜘蛛的防效较好;2. 5%除虫菊素乳油对烟蚜有较好的防治效果,适宜稀释倍数为1000~1200倍,将药液均匀喷布_手叶片正反面,每亩喷施药液60kg,持效期在7天左右。
辣蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)属蓼科(Polygonaceae)蓼属(Polygonum L.)的一年生草本植物,是我国的一种传统中草药,在我国大部分地区都有分布,是一种资源十分丰富的植物; 蓼属植物大多都具有杀虫、拒食、驱避活性,辣蓼在很早就被人们用做杀虫剂。其杀虫的主要有效成分为蓼二醛等倍半萜烯类化合物,例如从辣蓼叶中提取的一种左旋的倍半萜烯类化合物蓼二醛,对昆虫有很好的拒食活性, 对蚜虫、粘虫、小菜蛾、菜青虫和稻飞虱以及杂拟谷盗等多种害虫有效辣蓼对昆虫,例如尺蠖、地老虎等,具有很强的拒食、忌避作用,已经开发为一种新型的植物性杀虫剂,作为中药使用的时候,辣蓼用于痢疾,泄泻,乳蛾,疟疾,风湿痹痛,跌打肿痛,崩漏,痈肿疔疮,瘰疬,毒蛇咬伤,湿疹,脚癣,外伤出血。
鱼藤酮是早期人们从鱼藤属等植物中提取分离出来的一种有杀虫活性的物质,是三大传统植物性杀虫剂之一。它主要存在于豆科植物中,特别是在鱼藤属和灰叶属等植物中,且研究比较深入。鱼藤酮的作用方式较多。它对菜粉蝶幼虫等昆虫有强烈的触杀作用和胃毒作用,对日本甲虫有拒食作用,对某些鳞翅目害虫有生长发育抑制作用。鱼藤提取物能抑制某些病菌孢子的萌发和生长,或阻止病菌侵入植株。鱼藤对15个目,137科的800多种害虫具有一定的防治效果,作用谱广,尤其对蚜螨类害虫效果突出。研究表明鱼藤酮的作用机制主要是影响昆虫的呼吸作用,主要是与NADH脱氢酶与辅酶Q之间的某一成分发生作用。鱼藤酮使害虫细胞的电子传递链受到抑制,从而降低生物体内的ATP水平,最终使害虫得不到能量供应,然后行动迟滞、麻痹而缓慢死亡。
以上所述的无患子果,又称洗手果,拉丁植物动物矿物名:SapindusmukorossiGaertn,分布于华东、中南至西南地区,很多地方有野生和种植,浸泡水溶液有泡沫,可以作为表面活性剂,单独洗手果浸泡液还可以起到杀虫和驱虫作用。
左旋α-松油醇,中文别名:萜品醇,是以松节油为原料,在硫酸加入少量平平加为乳化剂,常温下进行水合反应,使松节油中主要成分蒎烯生成水合萜二醇后,经脱水得粗松油醇,经分馏制得松油醇,然后按手性分离出左旋和右旋产品。本发明采用的左旋α-松油醇是从广西化工研究院购买。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明的杀虫剂的材料成分无毒,无残留,无公害,生产方法简单,成本低,使用方便。
2、本发明的杀虫剂对可有效防治卷叶蛾、红蜘蛛、蚜虫、荔枝椿象等害虫,一次杀灭率达到80%以上;对茶蚜和红蜘蛛的杀灭率达到75%以上;而且没有耐药用性,可以3-5年使用,而一些农药,即使是剧毒农药,最多第二年,害虫就适应了药性,要加倍才能有效果。
3、洗手果浸泡液不仅是表面活性剂的作用,单独使用还可以起到杀虫和驱虫作用。本发明人单独用洗手果浸泡液直接防治蚜虫,也有50%左右的防除率。
具体实施方式
实施例1
选取大蒜头20公斤,除虫菊20公斤,辣蓼10公斤,无患子果5公斤,将上述材料打碎,按全部药量重量加6倍的水,煮沸半小时,过滤,滤渣再加5倍水煮沸20分钟,合并两次滤液,加入鱼藤酮 10公斤,左旋α-松油醇2公斤,混合均匀,得到产品,稀释300倍喷洒于果树的茎秆和叶子,用于防治卷叶蛾,防治率达到68%。
实施例2
选取大蒜头25公斤,除虫菊22公斤,辣蓼23公斤,无患子果7公斤,将上述材料打碎,按全部药量重量加7倍的水,煮沸半小时,过滤,滤渣再加5倍水煮沸20分钟,合并两次滤液,加入鱼藤酮 12公斤,左旋α-松油醇3公斤,混合均匀,得到产品,稀释300倍喷洒于果树的茎秆和叶子,用于防治蚜虫,防治率达到89%。
实施例3
选取大蒜头28公斤,除虫菊25公斤,辣蓼26公斤,无患子果10公斤,将上述材料打碎,按全部药量重量加7倍的水,煮沸半小时,过滤,滤渣再加5倍水煮沸20分钟,合并两次滤液,加入鱼藤酮 13公斤,左旋α-松油醇4公斤,混合均匀,得到产品,稀释500倍喷洒于果树的茎秆和叶子,用于防治红蜘蛛,防治率达到85%。
实施例4
选取大蒜头28公斤,除虫菊27公斤,辣蓼26公斤,无患子果6公斤,将上述材料打碎,按全部药量重量加7倍的水,煮沸半小时,过滤,滤渣再加5倍水煮沸20分钟,合并两次滤液,加入鱼藤酮 14公斤,左旋α-松油醇3公斤,混合均匀,得到产品,稀释500倍喷洒于荔枝树的茎秆和叶子,用于防治荔枝椿象,一次防治率达到67%,隔2天以后第二次喷洒,防治率达到87%。
实施例5
选取大蒜头30公斤,除虫菊22公斤,辣蓼25公斤,无患子果7公斤,将上述材料打碎,按全部药量重量加8倍的水,煮沸半小时,过滤,滤渣再加6倍水煮沸20分钟,合并两次滤液,加入鱼藤酮 15公斤,左旋α-松油醇4公斤,混合均匀,得到产品,稀释500倍喷洒于荔枝树的茎秆和叶子,用于防治橘子树的红蜘蛛、蚜虫、防治率达到88%。
实施例6
选取大蒜头21公斤,除虫菊28公斤,辣蓼24公斤,无患子果5公斤,将上述材料打碎,按全部药量重量加7倍的水,煮沸25分钟,过滤,滤渣再加4倍水煮沸20分钟,合并两次滤液,加入鱼藤酮 12公斤,左旋α-松油醇5公斤,混合均匀,得到产品,稀释500倍喷洒于荔枝树的茎秆和叶子,用于防治龙眼树的卷叶蛾,防治率达到75%。
本发明与化学农药40%氧化乐果乳油1000-2000倍,进行一次防治卷叶蛾、红蜘蛛、蚜虫、荔枝椿象的比较试验:结果见以下表1:
表1:
从上述可见,本发明实施例1-6对卷叶蛾、红蜘蛛、蚜虫、荔枝椿象的整体防治单独比氧化乐果稍差,但是由于没有毒害和不污染,不残留,还是值得使用,如果一次没有消灭害虫,可以喷2-3次,就会有较好效果。
Claims (2)
1.一种植物源果树杀虫剂的生产方法,其特征在于,所述的杀虫剂由以下原料和重量份数组成:
大蒜头20~30份;
除虫菊20~30份;
辣蓼20~30份;
无患子果5-10份;
鱼藤酮10~15份;
左旋α-松油醇2-5份;
所述的生产方法是将大蒜头、除虫菊、辣蓼、无患子果打碎,加5~10倍水,煮沸30-50分钟,过滤,滤渣再加3-5倍水煮沸20分钟,合并两次滤液,加入鱼藤酮和左旋α-松油醇混合均匀,得到产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的植物源果树杀虫剂的生产方法,其特征在于:所述的杀虫剂使用方法是将产品稀释300-500倍喷洒于果树的茎秆和叶子,防治卷叶蛾、红蜘蛛、蚜虫、荔枝椿象。
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