CN103498733A - Movement and control method for free piston internal combustion engine generator - Google Patents
Movement and control method for free piston internal combustion engine generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN103498733A CN103498733A CN201310455026.0A CN201310455026A CN103498733A CN 103498733 A CN103498733 A CN 103498733A CN 201310455026 A CN201310455026 A CN 201310455026A CN 103498733 A CN103498733 A CN 103498733A
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract 4
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a movement and control method for a free piston internal combustion engine generator. The working process is classified into five working states according to the characteristics of working stages of the free piston internal combustion engine generator, wherein the working states comprise a stop working condition, a start working condition, an idling speed working condition, a power generation working condition and a speed limiting working condition. A control target of the idling speed working condition is working frequency of a piston assembly is stable, a control target of the power generation working condition is that the working frequency of the piston assembly is within speed limit, the skip condition between the start working condition and the idling speed working condition is whether the movement amplitude of the piston assembly reaches an ignition point, and the skip condition between the idling speed working condition and the power generation working condition is whether the opening degree of a throttling valve is larger than a value obtain by multiplying the total opening degree of the throttling valve by a set percentage. Under the start working condition, the idling speed condition and the power generation working condition, when the working frequency f of the piston assembly is larger than the highest safety tolerance frequency, the free piston internal combustion engine generator is under the speed limiting working condition to reduce the working frequency, then the free piston internal combustion engine generator returns to be in an original working condition. The movement and control method for the free piston internal combustion engine generator can improve control accuracy and stability of the overall state.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to free-piston internal combustion engine generator control technique field, relate in particular to a kind of motion control method of free-piston internal combustion engine generator.
Background technique
A kind of novel power device that grow up the thirties 20th century of free-piston type internal-combustion engine, it has cancelled connecting rod, piston is only done linear reciprocating motion, and stroke is not subject to mechanical constraint, combine motor and linear induction motor technical characterstic each other, receive much concern as a kind of novel electricity generator theory.The structure of this device as shown in Figure 1, utilizes linear electric motor to be fixedly connected with 2 motors.In left cylinder, burn while doing expansion stroke, the piston right lateral, carry out compression stroke to right cylinder; When piston reaches the ignition location of this circulation, right cylinder starts to carry out ignition and does expansion stroke; In this way, piston moves back and forth in linear electric motor, and the magnetic line of force in the cutting generator produces induction electromotive force, externally exports electric energy.
The FPEG system stable operation is the necessary condition that realizes that energy efficient transforms, and therefore it is carried out accurately controlling to realize that stable operation is the Focal point and difficult point in design process.Free piston type straight line internal combustion engine generator (Free piston engine Generator, FPEG) the characteristics of motion is different from conventional piston formula internal-combustion engine with system architecture, it has cancelled connecting rod, piston carries out straight reciprocating motion under free state, and the piston in free state is more responsive to controlling parameter.So, for different working staties, need design control strategy separately, to realize the accurate control in extensive condition range, thereby realize the accurate, stable of complete machine state controlled.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of motion control method of free-piston internal combustion engine generator, can improve validity and stability that integrality is controlled.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved in that
Designing 5 kinds of states comprises: shutdown, start operating performance, idling operation, generating operation mode and speed limit operating mode;
At first the free-piston internal combustion engine generator proceeds to start operating performance from outage state after starting;
Under start operating performance, the commutation motion of piston assembly left and right also progressively strengthens motion amplitude, when piston assembly motion amplitude D arrives the ignition location D set
ththe time, the inflammable mixture that ignition combustion is indoor, the linear electric motor outage, wouldn't load simultaneously, and system switches to idling operation;
Under idling operation, detect all the time the frequency of okperation f of piston assembly, by fuel delivery is carried out to dynamic adjustments, make frequency of okperation f and target setting frequency f
aimbetween error within the setpoint frequency margin of error; When the piston assembly motion amplitude, D is less than D
ththe time, return to start operating performance; When being greater than the total aperture of closure, throttle opening Kd is multiplied by a setting percentage K
ththe time, enter generating operation mode;
Under generating operation mode, according to the current moving direction of piston assembly, left hand cylinder and right cylinder are lighted a fire in turn; When being less than or equal to the total aperture of closure, throttle opening Kd is multiplied by described percentage K
ththe time, return to idling operation;
Under start operating performance, idling operation and generating operation mode, when the frequency of okperation f of piston assembly is less than minimum frequency of operation f
minthe time, enter outage state, when the frequency of okperation f of piston assembly is greater than the highest safe tolerance frequency f of system
maxthe time, enter the speed limit operating mode;
Under the speed limit operating mode, by changing external load, reduce the frequency of okperation of piston assembly; When the frequency of okperation of piston assembly is down to the highest safe operation frequency f of system
maxbelow a certain particular value, return to former operating mode.
Preferably, the change procedure between operating mode is defined as to the adjusting operating mode; Regulating under operating mode, with the frequency of okperation of piston assembly, stabilizing to target, when frequency of okperation lower than the target setting frequency f
aimthe time, increase fuel delivery to improve frequency of okperation f, when frequency of okperation higher than the target setting frequency f
aimthe time, increase load to reduce frequency of okperation f.
Beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention will be for the characteristics of each working stage of FPEG system, working procedure is divided into to several working staties, set the redirect condition between working state, and the control strategy of being stablized in each working state inside, accurately controlling, thereby realize the accurate, stable of complete machine state controlled.
(2) the present invention further is defined as the adjusting operating mode by the change procedure between operating mode, realizes the frequency stabilization of adjustment process by the adjusting of fuel delivery and external load, has further guaranteed the accurate, stable of complete machine state controlled.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The schematic diagram that Fig. 1 is the free-piston internal combustion engine generator.
Fig. 2 is FPEG working state switching flow figure.
The control flow that Fig. 3 is start operating performance.
The control flow that Fig. 4 is idling operation.
The control flow that Fig. 5 is generating operation mode.
The control flow that Fig. 6 is the speed limit operating mode.
Fig. 7 is for regulating the control flow of operating mode.
Embodiment
The present invention is directed to the characteristics of each working stage of FPEG system, working procedure is divided into to several working staties, set the redirect condition between working state, and the control strategy of being stablized in each working state inside, accurately controlling, thereby realize the accurate, stable of complete machine state controlled.
The division of the working state of FPEG system is mainly based on piston assembly frequency f (being frequency of okperation), throttle opening Kd.What frequency of okperation characterized is the acting number of times in the unit time; What throttle opening was controlled is oil inlet quantity and air inflow, sign be the size of single acting.As a kind of energy conversion device, realized the accurate control of frequency of okperation and closure, the accurate control of the energy conversion process also just realized.
System needs a start-up course from shutting down to move; in this process, machine operation is at motoring condition; under the effect of driver, the driven plunger assembly compresses flammable mixed air in two side combusion chambers until ignition location; ECU exports fire signal; the flammable mixed air that ignition combustion is indoor; motor switches to generating state, the to-and-fro motion under the effect of firing pressure of piston space assembly simultaneously.After start-up course completes, fuel could participate in burning after relying on air inlet and cylinder temperature vaporization, and now body is in cold conditions, and loading the great amount of fuel oil needed can not vaporize, and worsens combustion process, therefore needs an idling process implementation heat engine.After heat engine, can increase throttle opening, strengthen fuel delivery and enter generating state.In addition, the frequency of okperation of system is too high, can cause heat load to increase, and vibration is violent, affects safe operation, therefore is necessary to set a frequency of okperation restriction, once transfinite, carries out speed limit, to guarantee the safe operation of system.
Based on above analysis, the present invention is divided into 5 kinds of working staties by the working procedure of FPEG: outage state, start operating performance, idling operation, generating operation mode and speed limit operating mode.The control target of idling operation is that the frequency of okperation of piston assembly is stable, the control target of generating operation mode is that the frequency of okperation of piston assembly does not exceed the speed limit, redirect condition between start operating performance and idling operation is whether the motion amplitude of piston assembly reaches ignition point, and the redirect condition between idling operation and generating operation mode is whether throttle opening surpasses setting value.Under running state, when the frequency of okperation of piston assembly is excessive, enter the speed limit operating mode, to reduce frequency of okperation, then return to former operating mode.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing embodiment that develops simultaneously, describe the present invention.
As shown in table 1, each operating mode and state thereof that the present invention sets are as follows:
Table 1FPEG working state is divided
In table 1, f means the frequency of okperation of system; D means the displacement of piston assembly, and take the central position of system is initial point, so | and D|
maxit is exactly the amplitude of piston assembly; Kd means throttle opening, the fuel delivery of characterization system; f
maxthe highest safe operation frequency of expression system, guarantee to operate in safe operating mode; f
minminimum operation frequency for the system normal operation.
Because working state is mutually exclusive, must guarantee that at any time FPEG can only and must enter a state of a control, and constantly switching between these states in the whole service process makes FPEG can under different operating modes, can stablize, work reliably.Therefore, designed FPEG working state switching flow figure as shown in Figure 2.
As shown in Figure 2, at first FPEG enters start operating performance after starting, and the commutation motion of piston assembly left and right also progressively strengthens motion amplitude, when piston assembly motion amplitude D arrives the ignition location D that cylinder is set
thafter=20mm, start igniting, enter idling operation.
Under idling operation, when piston assembly motion amplitude D is less than 20mm, return to start operating performance; When throttle opening Kd is greater than a percentage K of the total aperture of closure
th(K
th=10%), the time, enter generating operation mode.
Under generating operation mode, when throttle opening be less than or equal to the total aperture of closure 10% the time, return to idling operation.
Under start operating performance, idling operation and generating operation mode, when the frequency of piston assembly is less than minimum frequency of operation f
minduring=1Hz, enter the shutdown operating mode, when the frequency of piston assembly is greater than the highest safe tolerance frequency f of system
maxthe time, enter the speed limit operating mode.
Shutting down under operating mode, after the piston assembly frequency is greater than 0, reenter start operating performance.
Under the speed limit operating mode, when the piston assembly frequency lower than the highest safe tolerance frequency f of system
maxafter a setting value, (for example setting value=5), return to former operating mode.
Below to the system under each operating mode, operation is described.
1 start operating performance
FPEG is the integral body of linear electric motor and motor coupling, can realize start-up course by linear electric motor.Linear electric motor are operated in motoring condition, by state, control setting, make linear electric motor be operated in permanent thrust mode, realize the thrust vectoring of linear electric motor when piston assembly speed is zero.By the repeatedly switching of linear electric motor, the amplitude that progressively the oversize piston assembly moves.Constantly monitor the piston assembly displacement in start-up course, when piston assembly motional amplitude D reaches program predetermined value D
ththe time, automatical control system output fire signal, system switches to idling operation, and start operating performance finishes.
Predetermined value D
thselection principle be: in start-up course, the motor that is operated in motoring condition compresses the flammable mixed air in two side combusion chambers, amplitude increases, need the thrust of motor sharply to increase, therefore, prerequisite ignition location as far as possible under the prerequisite started in the assurance system, budc 2～8mm is for being easy to most one of ignition location started, especially 5mm.In the present embodiment, top dead center is system of distance central position 25mm, D
thfor system of distance central position 20mm.
Control flow under start operating performance as shown in Figure 3.
When FPEG starts, by linear electric motor controller, piston assembly is attributed to the system centre position.Detect movement velocity and the displacement of piston assembly in movement process.When speed is zero, judge whether piston position D arrives the ignition location (20mm, budc 5mm) that respective cylinder is set.If while not reaching ignition location, the commutation of linear electric motor driven plunger assembly; If while reaching ignition location, automatical control system output ignition control signal, the inflammable mixture that ignition combustion is indoor, promote the piston assembly motion, and the linear electric motor outage, no longer include power stage, wouldn't load simultaneously, and system switches to idling operation.
2 idling operations
The engine air throttle aperture be greater than total aperture 10% after, fuel delivery sharply increases, and causes output power to increase sharply, so the present invention is set as by idling operation the working state that throttle opening is less than or equal to total aperture 10%.Under this state, the engine air throttle of FPEG is in idling mode (aperture Kd is less than 10%), and generator does not have power stage, and self is with certain frequency and stroke steady running.When FPEG works in idling operation, by electric control system controls ignition location and fuel duty, make the engine combustion acting fully for overcoming mechanical friction.
With reference to the traditional crank link engine, utilize the stationarity of frequency of okperation to estimate the FPEG idling operation, the control main points of idling operation are exactly so: frequency stabilization.Under the condition without extraneous load, frequency of okperation is mainly regulated by the supply of fuel.Setting the stable frequency error range of idling is f
d=± 0.5Hz.Control schematic diagram as shown in Figure 4.Once frequency of okperation f and setpoint frequency target f be detected
aimdifference surpass 0.5Hz, start to regulate fuel delivery.Regulated quantity is according to the target operating frequency f of actual measurement frequency of okperation f and setting
aimpoor, adopt increment type PID algorithm to calculate, fuel delivery is carried out to dynamic adjustments, until in the margin of error of the permission that frequency of okperation is controlled.
The burning of idling operation heat release be mainly used in heat engine and friction, now frequency of okperation is stable, is conducive to the in-cylinder combustion process optimization, heat engine also switches to generating state rapidly.
3 generating operation modes
The control main points of generating operation mode are not exceed the speed limit.Therefore in generating operation mode, once frequency of okperation transfinites, rapid start-up loading speed limit operating mode, by frequency of okperation be down to a certain particular value below safety frequency (such as safety frequency 90%), to avoid system frequently switching between generating operation mode and speed limit operating mode, cause the operation shakiness of system.
FPEG is when the stable electric generation operating mode, and frequency and the external load of operation are constant.The control system schematic diagram as shown in Figure 5.Judge displacement and the moving direction of piston assembly by displacement transducer.According to the moving direction of current piston assembly, what determine current needs igniting is left hand cylinder or right cylinder; After arriving the time of ignition of setting, corresponding cylinder igniting; Piston assembly moves round about, and opposite side cylinder ignition control program brings into operation, and so moves in circles.Stator coil cutting magnetic induction line in linear electric motor, the power consumption of generation is on external load.
In above-mentioned operating conditions (comprising start operating performance, idling operation and generating operation mode), once frequency of okperation is too low, in the present embodiment, be lower than minimum frequency of operation f
min=1Hz, combustion position sharply worsens, and enters the shutdown operating mode.
4 speed limit operating modes
The motion speed of FPEG characterizes with frequency of okperation.The speed limit operating mode is that the frequency of system operation has exceeded the maximum value of setting, and need to carry out Lug-Down,, by changing external load, adjusts the size of motor coil electric current, utilizes the electromagnetic force braking, reduces the frequency of okperation of system, makes the steady working condition of its work.
The control flow schematic diagram as shown in Figure 6.All the time judge the frequency of okperation f of system.System has retained certain safe clearance, when frequency of okperation f surpasses the maximum value f set
maxthe time, the starting Lug-Down; Operation frequency reduces to f
max90% the time, enter former normal mode of operation.
While being regulated between above-mentioned each operating mode, control parameter and external load and change, FPEG from stable state to dynamically, again to stable state.The present invention further is defined as the adjusting operating mode by the change procedure between operating mode.Regulating under operating mode, stabilize to target with frequency of okperation, during lower than the target setting value, increase fuel delivery to improve frequency of okperation when frequency of okperation; During higher than the target setting value, increase load to increase the running resistance of piston assembly when frequency of okperation, reduce motion speed, reduce frequency of okperation.
The control flow schematic diagram as shown in Figure 7.Determination methods and idling operation are similar, detect all the time work at present frequency f and target setting frequency of okperation f
aimerror.Mean of calculating is slightly different, and frequency of okperation during higher than the target setting value, adopts the mode of Lug-Down to reduce frequency of okperation.For the adjusting operating mode of system, main control parameters is fuel oil supply and load.Increase the electronic spark advance position, making to compress negative work increases, and can reduce to a certain extent the motion speed of piston assembly, reduces frequency of okperation, but can cause decrease in efficiency, and the heat load of system increases.Therefore, the ignition timing of system be take the thermal efficiency and is optimized as index, as the control parameter of adjusting frequency of okperation.Take running length (compression ratio) as controlling target, and control mode is similar.
In sum, these are only preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the motion control method of a free-piston internal combustion engine generator, is characterized in that, designs 5 kinds of states and comprise: shutdown, start operating performance, idling operation, generating operation mode and speed limit operating mode;
At first the free-piston internal combustion engine generator proceeds to start operating performance from outage state after starting;
Under start operating performance: the commutation motion of piston assembly left and right also progressively strengthens motion amplitude, when piston assembly motion amplitude D arrives the ignition location D set
ththe time, the inflammable mixture that ignition combustion is indoor, the linear electric motor outage, wouldn't load simultaneously, and system switches to idling operation;
Under idling operation: detect all the time the frequency of okperation f of piston assembly, by fuel delivery is carried out to dynamic adjustments, make frequency of okperation f and target setting frequency f
aimbetween error within the setpoint frequency margin of error; When the piston assembly motion amplitude, D is less than D
ththe time, return to start operating performance; When being greater than the total aperture of closure, throttle opening Kd is multiplied by a setting percentage K
ththe time, enter generating operation mode;
Under generating operation mode: according to the current moving direction of piston assembly, left hand cylinder and right cylinder are lighted a fire in turn; When being less than or equal to the total aperture of closure, throttle opening Kd is multiplied by described percentage K
ththe time, return to idling operation;
Under start operating performance, idling operation and generating operation mode: when the frequency of okperation f of piston assembly is less than minimum frequency of operation f
minthe time, enter outage state, when the frequency of okperation f of piston assembly is greater than the highest safe tolerance frequency f of system
maxthe time, enter the speed limit operating mode;
Under the speed limit operating mode: by changing external load, reduce the frequency of okperation of piston assembly, when the frequency of okperation of piston assembly is down to the highest safe operation frequency f of system
maxbelow a certain particular value, return to former operating mode.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the change procedure between operating mode is defined as to the adjusting operating mode;
Regulating under operating mode: the frequency of okperation with piston assembly stabilizes to target, when frequency of okperation lower than the target setting frequency f
aimthe time, increase fuel delivery to improve frequency of okperation f, when frequency of okperation higher than the target setting frequency f
aimthe time, increase load to reduce frequency of okperation f.
3. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, the ignition location D of described setting
thfor budc 2mm～8mm.
4. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described K
th=10%.
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| CN201310455026.0A CN103498733B (en) | 2013-09-29 | 2013-09-29 | A kind of motion control method of free-piston internal combustion engine generator |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN104806354A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-07-29 | 北京理工大学 | Free piston internal combustion generation power system with adjustable compression ratio |
| CN106194426A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-07 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of control method for free piston linear electricity generation system handoff procedure |
| CN112324568A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-02-05 | 山东休普动力科技股份有限公司 | Control method and system for top dead center position of free piston linear generator |
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