CN103477933A - Method for inverted umbrella-shaped tree form shaping pruning of large cherry tree - Google Patents
Method for inverted umbrella-shaped tree form shaping pruning of large cherry tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for inverted umbrella-shaped tree form shaping pruning of a large cherry tree. Pruning modes in four years are adopted for the method. The method comprises the steps of controlling growth vigor of the large cherry tree on a first year, promoting branch mature and bud satiation, and promoting early bearing of the large cherry tree; on a second year, continuing selecting a vertical robust shoot to serve as an extending shoot at the top end of a center trunk after sprouting, keeping the growing dominant position of the center trunk; on a third year, performing shaping according to the taken measures, and basically finishing shaping tasks; on a fourth year, enabling the tree to fruit massively, enabling the growth of shoots to be slow down, enabling the tree vigor be basically stable, and starting to enter a high-yield and stable-yield period. The inverted umbrella-shaped tree form of the large cherry tree is formed quickly, illumination is good, the large cherry tree blossoms and fruits early and is high in yield and good in quality, and manual or mechanical operation management is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fruit tree shaping trimming method, be specifically related to the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape of a kind of large cherry tree.
Background technology
Large cherry is the abbreviation of sweet cherry, belongs to rose family deciduous tree fruit tree.The large cherry sapling up-growth is vigorous, and apical dominance is obvious, as a result evening, grows operation period, takes effect and be slow.At present, maximum tree-like of China large cherry tree application, mainly contain free spindle and evacuate layering shape, clump shape shape.Particularly red light, the Italian early kinds such as red, U.S. morning, Rabin Si, adopt traditional free spindle, and the Chang Yinqi dryness is strong, causes the empty thorax of major branch (large-scale fruit-bearing shoot cluster), and its harvesting inconvenience of tree-like high ambassador; Adopt traditional trunk layering shape, clump shape shape, easily cause closing, thereby setting fruit position is moved outward, interior thorax branches and leaves baldness, be difficult to realize high yield.
Be badly in need of short hat, easy printing opacity, the convenient cultivation Training system of plucking and getting bumper crops in production.Umbrella shape is tree-like can reach these requirements.Height of tree crown is controlled at the 3m left and right, can make the tree-like moulding of large cherry fast, and early, illumination is good and be convenient to harvesting for result, is comparatively ideal tree-like in current cherry tree cultivation, is worth further research and extension.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape of a kind of large cherry tree, overcome existing tree-like defect and the deficiency of large cherry, reach that saving of labor, manageability, ventilation and penetrating light are good, the purpose of high yield and high quality, be beneficial to apply aborning.
Provided by the present invention is the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape of a kind of large cherry tree, and it comprises:
Within the 1st year, prune: after the spring seedling planting, surely dry in 40～50 centimeters, clip varnishes with lacquer.Can sprout 3～5 young sprouts under general clip, from top, select 1 upright healthy and strong young sprout Culture Center dry.The young sprout of 3 different azimuth of selecting and remain below the dry young sprout in center is cultivated major branch, to these major branches, will process early, makes its opening angle, and three major branch horizontal sextant angles are generally 120 °.All the other long shoots take branch, make its one-tenth horizontal, control its growth potential, promote shoot maturation and bud satiation, short its early bearing.In all the other brachyplast without exception slow put motionless.Because the dry clip branch in large cherry polarity Qiang， center can reach the 1.5m left and right then.Winter, while cutting, at the full bud of 70～80cm place cutting back, is led dry advantage with the maintenance center to the trunk elongated shoot.Center is dry cut and cut after, carve bud in middle and lower part.In the 50cm left and right, place carries out cutting back to major branch, and the clip bud stays lateral bud or outer bud, and selects 1 adnation sublateral shoot cutting back in its underpart.
Within the 2nd year, prune: dry top, rudiment Hou center continues to select a upright healthy and strong young sprout to do to extend the tip, the growth vigor status that the maintenance center is dry.Dry top, ，Dui in May center branch should adopt and take branch, smooth out with the fingers the method control growing ways such as branch, to promote to carve the growth of bud position branch.The young sprout that sprout on the major branch top, select the work of a growth stalwartness to extend the tip, and all the other branches take pinching, turn round tip side goes to control, or removes.Guarantee the major branch uniaxial extension, prevent that 3 fork branches or 4 fork branches from appearring in the major branch front end, causes the rear portion baldness.The young sprout that the major branch back is sent can stay 15～20 centimetres of pinching, inspires branch, cultivates middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster.7-8 month is drawn branch, all the time the major branch angle is controlled at closely horizontally, keeps uniaxial extension.Winter cuts the dry elongated shoot in Shi，Dui center and takes the prosperous branch of doing with the pruning ，Jiang center that a little less than weak branch, bud is taken the lead to remove from base portion, and all the other branches delay and put without exception, its result of one-tenth flower relief, and be transformed into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster.The major branch elongated shoot is taken the lead cutting back to strengthen bud, to cultivate into little fruit-bearing shoot cluster.The overstocked branch that interior thorax is sprouted, upright water sprout and useless competitive branch all remove, and to improve the ventilation and penetrating light phenomenon in hat, reduce nutrient consumption and competition.
Within the 3rd year, prune: look the dry elongated shoot in the strong and weak ，Jiang center of tree height and tree vigo(u)r and take the lead gently or remove.All the other branches are not wanted cutting back, and the sparse branching of take is gentle puts as main, and renewal bounces back after result.As dry as center too prosperous and powerful, also can carry out the girdling processing, to control growing way, prevent strong up and weak down.Slowly then put into colored branch and see the bud retraction.In hat, overstocked useless branch suitably removes.The major branch extending head is strong bud cutting back generally, during the cutting in the winter of angle too small also optional healthy and strong branch behind change a spreading angle.Growth season, to all young sprouts of putting on branch that get rid of, is stayed the pinching of 15cm left and right when it grows to the 20cm left and right, impels it to be converted into medium fruit branch, and notes increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer.The branch that evened up on major branch autumn all is converted into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster, is evened up to get rid of on the branch of putting to form a string leafage branch, fruit spur and medium fruit branch, and so far, the tree body is shaped substantially, the 3rd year can a small amount of result.
Within the 4th year, the tree body starts large result, and shoot growth eases up, and tree vigo(u)r is basicly stable, starts to enter high yield, stable production period.
Above-mentioned tree-like be that 1 layer of major branch (3 major branches of base portion) and 1 center are dry; Tree-like heading height 40～50cm; No longer be equipped with side shoot on tree-like major branch, the left and right sides directly is equipped with large, medium and small type fruit-bearing shoot cluster; All kinds of branch of the dry evenly outfit in the center groups that tree-like major branch is above, and take medium and small branch group as main.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: it had both solved the strong large cherry kind of dryness and has adopted free spindle easily to form the empty thorax of interlayer, early stage, the branch amount was few, the deficiency that can early go into operation and can not early get bumper crops, solved again adopt trunk dredge layer shape go into operation move outward in evening, setting fruit position, the deficiency of interior thorax branches and leaves baldness, be to realize large cherry early bearing, comparatively suitable tree-like of high yield early.Large cherry adopts this tree-like, and winter, spring weigh cutting back pruning, is conducive to strengthening tree body skeleton, strengthens anti-adversity ability; Growth season pinching, be conducive to impel bud to break up in advance, avoided summer high temperature season, overcome the malformed fruit phenomenon and strengthened the continuous bearing capacity of fruit-bearing shoot cluster.In addition, tree bottom three scaffold limbs are the step plane, and skeleton is firm, can be used as and plucks the ladder that the large cherry fruit is trampled, and is conducive to improve work efficiency.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, thereby so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, protection scope of the present invention is made to more explicit defining.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
(1) implement instantiation
Test in Huayang garden, Jiangsu Hilly Ground Zhenjiang Agriculture Science Research Institute and carry out.Experimental cultivar is life " red light " in 4 years, " early beautiful " large cherry tree.Seeding row spacing 4m * 4m, the north and south row to, adopt umbrella shape and to evacuate layering shape tree-like.
(2) implement to process
Every kind tree-like selects 8 strains, and individual plant is 1 community.The investigation height of tree, crown diameter, number of results, major branch extending head new-tip length and rugosity (base portion 5cm place).Gathering, front single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal and transverse demeter, the carpopodium of selecting at random 30 fruits investigation mellow fruits grown, soluble solid content, and data are averaged.Branch criteria for classification during investigation is that long shoot is greater than 50cm, middle 25～50cm, brachyplast 2～25cm, leafage branch are shorter than 2cm.
It is research object that the mensuration of light intensity and photosynthetic parameters be take ' red light ' kind.
Light intensity is measured: with level meter and TASI-631 illuminometer dot type probe, measure and process cherry tree different levels, the intensity of illumination at position and the natural daylight intensity of opening, its ratio is as its Relative light intensity intensity (light transmittance).Test minute 4 treatment region ，Ge district tests are processed and are randomized arrangement, and the individual plant community, repeat for 3 times.Light intensity is measured Fen Dong, south, west, 4, north direction, then divides in length and breadth 4 sections equally by the different height of trees and branch exhibition, determines that the point that all directions are intersected in length and breadth is the light intensity measuring point, and every strain tree single photometry point is 36.Minute forms initial stage (June) to leaf curtain due to the leaf curtain and forms final period (August), within per month 5,15 and 25 days, measures, and minute 8,11,14 and 17: 4 period fixed points are carried out, overcast and rainy postponing.
Photosynthetic parameters is measured: respectively at the 6-8 photosynthetic parameters of measuring processing leaf sheet at 10 o'clock and 14 o'clock in the middle of the month, 1 time per month, instrument is CI-310 (U.S. CID company).Respectively get outside upper 2 points of interior neutralization by 4 orientation of East, West, South, North, the crosspoint in length and breadth of the mid point that outside upper point is vertical direction top and middle part line and horizontal direction middle part and peripheral line mid point, the crosspoint in length and breadth of thorax and middle part line mid point in the mid point that interior mid point is vertical direction bottom and middle part line and horizontal direction.Two measuring points are pressed different directions cross exchanged position, survey the relevant parameters such as Net Photosynthetic Rate under its natural daylight.8 of every tree unitary determination points, get average after often clicking 3 leaf replications.
Carry out significance of difference analysis with statistical software.
(3) implementation result
1, different tree form is on the impact of large cherry tree early fruiting character
Found out by table 1,2 years of 2 large cherry kinds give birth to tree Flowering Plants rates, fall umbrella tree all far above evacuating layering shape tree, as the tree that gives birth in 2 years of " early beautiful ", the Flowering Plants rate of umbrella shape of falling is 42.59%, than what evacuate layering shape, exceeds 29.38 percentage points; The umbrella shape number of bearing fruit that falls of giving birth to tree in 3 years is 39.7, than many 30.8 percentage points of evacuation layering shape.This is too much owing to evacuating layering shape cutting back, and the branch level is time more and cause that the Flowering Plants rate is low and several few causes of bearing fruit, and adopts while evacuating layering shape and only has slow put and the branch of pinching in early days has into colored phenomenon.
Table 1 is umbrella shape and the early fruiting character of evacuating layering shape large cherry tree
2, the impact of different tree form on large cherry tree bulk-growth
As shown in Table 2, giving birth in 4 years of 2 large cherry kinds set and adopted the height of tree of umbrella shape less, crown diameter is larger, and height of tree reduction is conducive to pluck conveniently; Brachyplast and leafage branch number account for the percentage of total amount, fall umbrella shape all higher than evacuating layering shape tree, the Early fertile capability of falling the umbrella shape are described than evacuating the good of layering shape; From single plant yield, the ratio of falling the umbrella tree is evacuated the volume increase respectively of layering shape tree, has also proved this point.
Table 2 is umbrella shape and the upgrowth situation of evacuating layering shape large cherry tree
3, the photosynthetic effect of different tree form relatively
As table 3, although the photosynthetic effect of two kinds of tree-like outsides and full tree there are no significant difference, but the inside photosynthetic active radiation of the body of falling the umbrella tree, Net Photosynthetic Rate and inner intensity of illumination are apparently higher than evacuating layering shape, after illustrating that the large tree of Qiao Guan is by the cleaning transformation that reduces height of tree degree and branches and leaves, the ventilation and penetrating light condition of tree body has obtained effective improvement, but limb and branch that evacuation layering shape is continued to employ due to middle part are relatively many, so the photosynthetic successful of its tree body inside is not as good as falling umbrella shape.
From the ventilation and penetrating light angle, evacuate layering shape and fall umbrella shape and compare and still have larger defect.
Photosynthetic effect and intensity of illumination that table 3 falls umbrella shape and evacuates layering shape
4, the different tree form light transmittance relatively
The light transmittance (table 4) at tree body different levels and position shows, 2 kinds tree-like except vertical direction top light transmittance close, no matter other all sites are vertical direction or horizontal direction or integral body, the light transmittance of umbrella shape all is significantly higher than and evacuates layering shape, especially particularly outstanding in the performance of tree crown middle and lower part.Further prove the penetrating advantage of light path of umbrella shape, formed the raising of the stable and quality of output.
The light transmittance that table 4 falls umbrella shape and evacuation layering shape
5, the fruit quality of different tree form relatively
Table 5 can find out, the fruit quality index of umbrella shape of falling all is greater than evacuates shape, and wherein, soluble sugar content difference has reached significance level.
The fruit yield of table 5 different tree form and quality
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner be included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a large cherry sets the tree-like shaping and trimming method of umbrella shape, it is characterized in that, it comprises:
Within the 1st year, prune: after the spring seedling planting, surely dry in the 40-50 centimeters, clip varnishes with lacquer, can sprout 3-5 young sprout under clip, from top, select 1 upright healthy and strong young sprout Culture Center dry, the young sprout of 3 different azimuth of selecting and remain below the dry young sprout in center is cultivated major branch, to these major branches, to process early, make its opening angle, three major branch horizontal sextant angles are 120 °, all the other long shoots take branch, make its one-tenth horizontal, control its growth potential, promote shoot maturation and bud satiation, short its early bearing, in all the other brachyplast without exception slow put motionless, because large cherry polarity is strong, the dry clip branch in center can reach the 1.5m left and right then, when the winter cuts to the trunk elongated shoot at the full bud of 70-80cm place cutting back, lead dry advantage with the maintenance center, center is dry cut and cut after, carve bud in middle and lower part, in the 50cm left and right, place carries out cutting back to major branch, the clip bud stays lateral bud or outer bud, and select 1 adnation sublateral shoot cutting back in its underpart,
Within the 2nd year, prune: dry top, rudiment Hou center continues to select a upright healthy and strong young sprout to do to extend the tip, the growth vigor status that the maintenance center is dry; Dry top, ，Dui in May center branch adopts and takes branch, smoothes out with the fingers a method control growing way, to promote to carve the growth of bud position branch; The young sprout that sprout on the major branch top, select the work of a growth stalwartness to extend the tip, and all the other branches take pinching, turn round tip method controls, or removes, and guarantees the major branch uniaxial extension, prevents that 3 fork branches or 4 fork branches from appearring in the major branch front end, causes the rear portion baldness; The young sprout that the major branch back is sent stays 15-20 centimetre of pinching, inspires branch, cultivates middle-size and small-size fruit-bearing shoot cluster; 7-8 month is drawn branch, all the time the major branch angle is controlled at closely horizontally, keeps uniaxial extension; Winter cuts the dry elongated shoot in Shi，Dui center and takes the prosperous branch of doing with the pruning ，Jiang center that a little less than weak branch, bud is taken the lead to remove from base portion, all the other branches are slow putting without exception, becomes its result of flower relief, and be transformed into medium and small fruit-bearing shoot cluster, the major branch elongated shoot is taken the lead cutting back to strengthen bud, to cultivate into little fruit-bearing shoot cluster; The overstocked branch that interior thorax is sprouted, upright water sprout and useless competitive branch all remove, and to improve the ventilation and penetrating light phenomenon in hat, reduce nutrient consumption and competition;
Within the 3rd year, prune: look tree height and tree vigo(u)r power, the dry elongated shoot in center is taken the lead gently or removes, all the other branches are not wanted cutting back, the sparse branching of take is gentle puts as main, renewal bounces back after result, as dry as center too prosperous and powerful, also can carry out the girdling processing, to control growing way, prevent strong up and weak down, slowly then put into colored branch and see the bud retraction, in hat, overstocked useless branch suitably removes, the major branch extending head is strengthened the bud cutting back, during the cutting in the winter of angle too small, the healthy and strong branch behind of choosing changes a spreading angle, growth season is to all young sprouts of putting on branch that get rid of, when growing to the 20cm left and right, it stays the pinching of 15cm left and right, impel it to be converted into medium fruit branch, and attention increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, during the branch of being evened up on major branch autumn all is converted into, small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, evened up to get rid of on the branch of putting and formed a string leafage branch, fruit spur and medium fruit branch, so far, the tree body is shaped substantially, within the 3rd year, get final product a small amount of result,
Within the 4th year, the tree body starts large result, and shoot growth eases up, and tree vigo(u)r is basicly stable, starts to enter high yield, stable production period.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described tree-like be that 3 major branches of base portion and 1 center are dry.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described tree-like heading height is 40～50cm.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that no longer being equipped with side shoot on described tree-like major branch, and the left and right sides directly is equipped with large, medium and small type fruit-bearing shoot cluster.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that all kinds of branch of the dry evenly outfit in the above center of described tree-like major branch groups, and take medium and small branch group as main.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103733943A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-04-23 | 吕以明 | Big cherry tree shaping, trimming and managing technique |
| CN104041367A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-09-17 | 句容市鑫诚果业家庭农场 | Large cherry planting managing method |
| CN104838935A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-08-19 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Early management method of planting sweet cherries in south warm region |
| CN106954507A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-07-18 | 贵州省园艺研究所 | A kind of evening real walnut Early Paleozoic strata carves bud trimming new method |
| CN107242094A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-10-13 | 遵义康安农业科技有限公司 | A kind of black skin cherry implantation methods |
| CN107258450A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-10-20 | 遵义康安农业科技有限公司 | A kind of black skin cherry plantation method for culturing seedlings |
| CN107593244A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-01-19 | 太湖县香茗山生态果品科技园有限公司 | Cherry tree coronule dredges layer shape shaping and trimming method |
| CN108812019A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-16 | 陈超 | A kind of dense planting, high yield Pear trees shape shaping and trimming method |
| CN110521484A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2019-12-03 | 明轩樱桃种植(寿光)专业合作社 | A kind of novel cultural method of cherry tree |
| CN110574619A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-17 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Improved arbuscular shape of southern sweet cherry and pruning method thereof |
| CN110583347A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2019-12-20 | 南京林业大学 | Cultivation method of high-stem cherry blossom trees |
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