CN103475260A - Capacitive energy collecting converting device based on transformer substation field energy - Google Patents
Capacitive energy collecting converting device based on transformer substation field energy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于变电站电场能量的电容式集能转换装置，包括一个电容式集能转换器和一个电子调理电路，所述电容式集能转换器包括上下两极板和若干绝缘支柱，上极板为半球状壳体，下极板为一圆形平板，上极板的半球壳空心腔与下极板相对应，且上极板的半球壳平面与下极板相互平行，上、下极板之间通过三个绝缘支柱相连，上、下极板分别引出一根导线连接到电子调理电路上；所述电子调理电路包括依次相连的整流电路、存储电路和稳压反馈电路。该装置将高压变电站内丰富的电场能量转换为电能供给无线传感器网络，从而从根本上解决无线传感器网络的能量供给难题。
The invention discloses a capacitive energy collection conversion device based on the electric field energy of a substation, which includes a capacitive energy collection converter and an electronic conditioning circuit. The polar plate is a hemispherical shell, the lower polar plate is a circular flat plate, the hollow cavity of the hemispherical shell of the upper polar plate corresponds to the lower polar plate, and the plane of the hemispherical shell of the upper polar plate is parallel to the lower polar plate, and the upper and lower polar plates are The pole plates are connected by three insulating pillars, and the upper and lower pole plates respectively lead a wire to connect to the electronic conditioning circuit; the electronic conditioning circuit includes a rectification circuit, a storage circuit and a voltage stabilizing feedback circuit connected in sequence. The device converts the abundant electric field energy in the high-voltage substation into electrical energy for the wireless sensor network, thereby fundamentally solving the energy supply problem of the wireless sensor network.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种应用于高压变电站的集能转换技术，特别是一种基于变电站电场能量的电容式集能转换装置。The invention relates to an energy collection conversion technology applied to a high-voltage substation, in particular to a capacitive energy collection conversion device based on the electric field energy of the substation.
背景技术Background technique
随着社会经济的发展，能源短缺问题日益严峻、机构性矛盾日益突出，电力工业也面临着深刻的变革——智能电网成为未来电力工业发展的核心内容。智能电网的核心内涵是在电力系统各环节实现新型信息与通讯技术的集成，其中对系统状态进行实时监测的传感测量技术是智能电网最重要的技术基础。由大量分布式传感器节点组成的实时监测网络——无线传感器网络，能同时满足传感测量技术和通讯技术的要求，不仅适用于环境条件复杂苛刻、布线困难的工业环境，而且也适用于测量点多、范围分散场合的低压抄表等电力工业应用场合。无线传感器网络是智能电网高级量测体系的重要组成部分，已成为当今工业界和学术界的研究热点。With the development of society and economy, the problem of energy shortage is becoming more and more serious, and the institutional contradictions are becoming more and more prominent. The electric power industry is also facing profound changes. The smart grid will become the core content of the future development of the electric power industry. The core connotation of the smart grid is to realize the integration of new information and communication technologies in all links of the power system, among which the sensing and measurement technology for real-time monitoring of the system status is the most important technical basis of the smart grid. The real-time monitoring network composed of a large number of distributed sensor nodes - wireless sensor network, can meet the requirements of sensor measurement technology and communication technology at the same time, not only suitable for industrial environments with complex and harsh environmental conditions and difficult wiring, but also for measurement points Low-voltage meter reading and other power industry applications with multiple and scattered areas. Wireless sensor network is an important part of the advanced measurement system of the smart grid, and has become a research hotspot in the industry and academia.
无线传感器网络具有成本低、功耗小、实时性好、适应苛刻环境等突出优点，是未来传感器技术的发展方向，但是其能量供给问题成为制约其进一步发展的主要因素。无线传感器通常采用自带电池的供电方式，尽管电池的储能密度和使用寿命不断提高，但仍存在诸如供能寿命有限、需重复充电、体积与质量较大等供能缺陷，并不能完全满足无线传感器网络的发展要求。Wireless sensor network has outstanding advantages such as low cost, low power consumption, good real-time performance, and adaptability to harsh environments. It is the development direction of sensor technology in the future, but its energy supply problem has become the main factor restricting its further development. Wireless sensors usually use their own batteries for power supply. Although the energy storage density and service life of batteries are continuously improved, there are still energy supply defects such as limited energy supply life, repeated charging, large volume and quality, etc., which cannot fully meet the needs of customers. development requirements of wireless sensor networks.
集能转换技术是近年来提出的一种能从根本上解决无线传感器网络节点供能问题的方法，是一种通过收集周围环境中其他形式的能量（光能、振动能、热能、声能、电磁能等）并将其转换成电能，为传感器及其它电子设备提供安全、稳定、高效、理论上无寿命限制的电能供给技术。基于光能的集能转换技术受时间、天气等环境因素影响较大，限制了该技术的使用，虽然变电站内电气设备振动较大，但振动收集装置需与振动源紧密连接，出于绝缘或安全考虑，限制了其在变电站内的应用，基于温差和声能等集能技术因能量源较低也无法满足变电站内无线传感器网络的供能要求。Energy collection conversion technology is a method proposed in recent years that can fundamentally solve the energy supply problem of wireless sensor network nodes. It is a method that collects other forms of energy (light energy, vibration energy, thermal energy, Electromagnetic energy, etc.) and convert it into electrical energy, providing safe, stable, efficient, and theoretically unlimited life-span power supply technology for sensors and other electronic equipment. The energy collection conversion technology based on light energy is greatly affected by environmental factors such as time and weather, which limits the use of this technology. Although the electrical equipment in the substation vibrates greatly, the vibration collection device needs to be closely connected with the vibration source. Safety considerations limit its application in substations, and energy collection technologies based on temperature difference and sound energy cannot meet the energy supply requirements of wireless sensor networks in substations due to low energy sources.
高压变电站内电磁能量丰富，500kV变电站实测数据表明其最大电场能量甚至可以高达18kV/m，丰富的电场能量为电容式集能转换技术提供了应用基础。The electromagnetic energy in the high-voltage substation is rich. The measured data of the 500kV substation shows that the maximum electric field energy can even be as high as 18kV/m. The abundant electric field energy provides the application basis for the capacitive energy collection conversion technology.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为克服上述现有技术的不足，提供一种基于变电站电场能量的电容式集能转换装置，该装置将高压变电站内丰富的电场能量转换为电能供给无线传感器网络，从而从根本上解决无线传感器网络的能量供给难题。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a capacitive energy-collecting conversion device based on the electric field energy of the substation, which converts the abundant electric field energy in the high-voltage substation into electric energy for the wireless sensor network, thereby fundamentally To solve the energy supply problem of wireless sensor network.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用下述技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种基于变电站电场能量的电容式集能转换装置，包括一个电容式集能转换器和一个电子调理电路，所述电容式集能转换器包括上下两极板和若干绝缘支柱，上极板为半球状壳体，下极板为一圆形平板，上极板的半球壳空心腔与下极板相对应，且上极板的半球壳平面与下极板相互平行，上、下极板之间通过三个绝缘支柱相连，上、下极板分别引出一根导线连接到电子调理电路上；所述电子调理电路包括依次相连的整流电路、存储电路和稳压反馈电路。A capacitive energy collection conversion device based on the electric field energy of a substation, including a capacitive energy collection converter and an electronic conditioning circuit, the capacitive energy collection converter includes upper and lower plates and a number of insulating pillars, and the upper plate is a hemisphere The lower pole plate is a circular flat plate, the hollow cavity of the hemispherical shell of the upper pole plate corresponds to the lower pole plate, and the plane of the hemispherical shell of the upper pole plate and the lower pole plate are parallel to each other. They are connected through three insulating pillars, and the upper and lower pole plates respectively lead out a wire to connect to the electronic conditioning circuit; the electronic conditioning circuit includes a rectification circuit, a storage circuit and a voltage stabilization feedback circuit connected in sequence.
所述上极板为304不锈钢材质的半球壳，下极板为HPb-62黄铜圆板。The upper pole plate is a hemispherical shell made of 304 stainless steel, and the lower pole plate is a HPb-62 brass circular plate.
所述上、下极板的半径均为200mm。The radii of the upper and lower pole plates are both 200mm.
所述下极板厚度为2.5mm。The thickness of the lower plate is 2.5mm.
所述上极板的厚度大于下极板厚度。The thickness of the upper pole plate is greater than that of the bottom pole plate.
所述上极板的半球壳的外缘设置一边缘，边缘上均布有若干与绝缘支柱对应的钻孔。An edge is provided on the outer edge of the hemispherical shell of the upper pole plate, and a number of drilling holes corresponding to the insulating pillars are evenly distributed on the edge.
所述绝缘支柱为尼龙材质，高度为200mm。The insulating support is made of nylon and has a height of 200mm.
所述绝缘支柱设置有三根。There are three insulating pillars.
所述整流电路为二极管单相整流桥，存储电路采用超级电容器，稳压反馈电路采用基于BQ25504的电子调理电路。The rectification circuit is a diode single-phase rectification bridge, the storage circuit adopts a supercapacitor, and the voltage stabilization feedback circuit adopts an electronic conditioning circuit based on BQ25504.
所述二极管单相整流桥的二极管类型为1N4001，超级电容采用16V/1F铝电解电容，超级电容后接P6KE15CA稳压二极管，P6KE15CA稳压二极管后接基于纳瓦级微功耗芯片BQ25504组成的稳压反馈电路，稳压反馈电路输出有两路，一路接3V可充电电池，一路接无线传感器网络供给能量。The diode type of the diode single-phase rectifier bridge is 1N4001, the supercapacitor adopts a 16V/1F aluminum electrolytic capacitor, the supercapacitor is connected with a P6KE15CA voltage regulator diode, and the P6KE15CA voltage regulator diode is connected with a stabilizer composed of a nanowatt-level micro-power chip BQ25504. Voltage feedback circuit, there are two outputs of the voltage regulator feedback circuit, one is connected to a 3V rechargeable battery, and the other is connected to a wireless sensor network to supply energy.
稳压反馈电路输出有两路，其设计目的在于无线传感器网络工作时期分为发射期和休眠期，主要功耗在于发射期，并且无线传感器网络的主要工作时期都为休眠期。采用两路输出的目的在于当无线传感器网络处于休眠期时，集能转换装置收集的能量较为充足可将能量存储于可充电电池中，当无线传感器网络处于发射期时，其功耗较大，此时若集能转换装置收集能量不足以满足其发射能量需求时，可充电电池可以发挥作用，保证无线传感器网络的高效、安全、可靠的工作。There are two outputs of the voltage regulator feedback circuit. Its design purpose is that the working period of the wireless sensor network is divided into the transmission period and the dormancy period. The main power consumption lies in the transmission period, and the main working period of the wireless sensor network is the dormancy period. The purpose of using two outputs is that when the wireless sensor network is in the dormant period, the energy collected by the energy collection conversion device is sufficient to store the energy in the rechargeable battery. When the wireless sensor network is in the launch period, its power consumption is relatively large. At this time, if the energy collected by the energy-collecting conversion device is not enough to meet its energy requirements for transmission, the rechargeable battery can play a role to ensure the efficient, safe and reliable operation of the wireless sensor network.
主要原理如下：The main principles are as follows:
高压变电站内高压设备众多，特别是变压器高压出线端子以及高压母线上电压较高，其周围必然会形成很强的工频强场，因此变电站内电场能量丰富且电场方向也较为复杂。置于工频强电场中的电容式集能转换器，根据静电感应原理，两金属电极板上将出现感应电荷，金属电极板之间产生电势差，且电势差随外部电场的变化而变化。当外部电场为工频电场时，金属极板两端将产生工频电动势，可视为交流电压源，实现了电场能到电能的转换。当电容式集能转换器后接调理电路后，通过整流、存储、稳压等措施，将电容式集能转换器收集到的电能存储于超级电容器或电池等储能设备中，为无线传感器负载供电。There are many high-voltage equipment in the high-voltage substation, especially the high-voltage outgoing terminal of the transformer and the high voltage on the high-voltage bus, which will inevitably form a strong power frequency field around it. Therefore, the electric field in the substation is rich in energy and the direction of the electric field is also relatively complicated. For a capacitive energy collector placed in a strong power frequency electric field, according to the principle of electrostatic induction, induced charges will appear on the two metal electrode plates, and a potential difference will be generated between the metal electrode plates, and the potential difference will change with the change of the external electric field. When the external electric field is a power frequency electric field, a power frequency electromotive force will be generated at both ends of the metal plate, which can be regarded as an AC voltage source, and the conversion from electric field energy to electric energy is realized. When the capacitive energy harvesting converter is connected to the conditioning circuit, through rectification, storage, voltage stabilization and other measures, the electric energy collected by the capacitive energy harvesting converter is stored in energy storage devices such as supercapacitors or batteries, which serve as wireless sensor loads. powered by.
电容式集能转换器作为电场能收集的关键部件，决定了一定外电场条件下感应电荷与收集能量的多少，电容式集能转换器拓扑结构以及安放位置等都对集能效率有较大影响。变电站内电场能量较为复杂，方向可能来自于各个方向，因此本专利提出了半球型的集能拓扑结构可以充分利用变电站内的电场能量。集能转换装置的另一关键技术是电能调理与存储方法。这里需要将电容式集能转换器的输出电压调理为无线传感器正常工作所要求的标准输出电压，该技术涉及整流、斩波、电能存储、稳压输出等几部分的综合协调作用。利用空间电场能收集到的电能一般是有限的，而过于繁复的调理电路设计将会消耗相当多的能量，直接影响集能效率，因此本专利提出并设计了微功耗的电能调理电路。As a key component of electric field energy collection, the capacitive energy harvesting converter determines the amount of induced charge and collected energy under a certain external electric field condition. The topology and placement of the capacitive energy harvesting converter have a great influence on the energy collection efficiency. . The electric field energy in the substation is relatively complex, and the direction may come from various directions. Therefore, this patent proposes a hemispherical energy-collecting topology to make full use of the electric field energy in the substation. Another key technology of the energy collection conversion device is the method of electric energy conditioning and storage. Here it is necessary to adjust the output voltage of the capacitive energy-collecting converter to the standard output voltage required for the normal operation of the wireless sensor. This technology involves the comprehensive coordination of rectification, chopping, energy storage, and voltage-stabilized output. The electric energy that can be collected by using the space electric field is generally limited, and an overly complicated conditioning circuit design will consume a lot of energy and directly affect the energy collection efficiency. Therefore, this patent proposes and designs an electric energy conditioning circuit with low power consumption.
本发明的有益效果是，该电容式集能转换装置结构简单，运行安全可靠，具有理论上无限的使用寿命，能够充分利用高压变电站内丰富的电场能量，无需更改变电站内电气设备以及线路布局，无需附加电源，人工维护费用大大降低，研制成本较其他集能转换技术低廉。该装置在正常工作状态下对系统没有影响，应用场合不受天气、气候等环境因素影响，在未来智能电网以及智能化变电站中具有广阔的应用前景。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the capacitive energy-collecting conversion device is simple in structure, safe and reliable in operation, has a theoretically unlimited service life, can make full use of the abundant electric field energy in the high-voltage substation, and does not need to change the electrical equipment and circuit layout in the substation. No additional power supply is required, the cost of manual maintenance is greatly reduced, and the development cost is lower than other energy collection conversion technologies. The device has no impact on the system under normal working conditions, and the application occasion is not affected by environmental factors such as weather and climate. It has broad application prospects in future smart grids and intelligent substations.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明系统原理图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
图2是电容式集能转换器上极板正视图；Fig. 2 is a front view of the upper plate of the capacitive energy collection converter;
图3是电容式集能转换器上极板俯视图；Fig. 3 is a top view of the upper plate of the capacitive energy collection converter;
图4是电容式集能转换器下极板俯视图；Fig. 4 is a top view of the lower plate of the capacitive energy collection converter;
图5是容式集能转换装置的调理电路原理图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a conditioning circuit of a capacitive energy collection conversion device;
图6是容式集能转换装置的调理电路仿真图；Fig. 6 is the simulation diagram of the conditioning circuit of the capacitive energy collection conversion device;
其中1.上极板，2.下极板，3.绝缘支柱。Wherein 1. upper pole plate, 2. lower pole plate, 3. insulating support.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1、图2和图3所示，根据图上标注的尺寸设计电容集能转换器的半球型上极板1，在其中半球型上极板1的半径为20cm，采用304不锈钢材质制成，厚度为0.4mm，为便于三根绝缘支柱3将上、下极板1、2进行支撑加固，在上极板半球型结构的外缘增加一边缘，外缘半径为21.2cm，外缘不锈钢上均匀分布3个直径8.5mm的钻孔，并用M8螺母以固定绝缘支柱3。图4为电容式集能转换器的下极板俯视图，按此图上标注的尺寸进行设计，采用HPb-62黄铜材质，厚度为2.5mm。下极板2的厚度要明显高于上极板1的原因有二：一是上极板半球型结构采用厚度较薄的材质更易加工，二是下极板2厚度增加，质量明显增加，将这个集能转换器的重心降低可以有效的提高装置的稳定度。As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the hemispherical
图5所示为电容式集能转换装置的调理电路原理图，从图中可以看到该电路可以分为三大部分：整流、存储和稳压反馈电路。其中整流电路采用的是1N4001二极管组成的单相整流桥，存储电容采用16V/1F的铝电解电容器接到Ustore接线柱上，可以将集能转换器两端的电荷收集起来，存储在电容上。电容后端接P6KE15CA双向稳压二极管，其目的为防止储能电容两端电压过高而引发危险，该双向稳压管的最大功率可达500W，而前端电容式集能转换器收集的功率非常小，完全达不到二极管的最大功率，满足电路设计需求。稳压反馈电路中采用基于纳瓦级微功耗芯片BQ25504组成的稳压电路，电路的输出采用两路输出，一路接3V可充电电池，一路接无线传感器网络。其中采用储能电池作为整个电路的备用电源。当无线传感器网路处于休眠状态时，其功耗非常低，电容式集能转换装置收集的能量可以暂时存储在储能电池上；当无线传感器网络处于发射状态时，其功耗增加，此时如果电容式集能转换装置收集的能量不足以满足电路工作时，储能电池将发挥作用。这种电路设计可以保证整个系统工作的可靠性和安全性。该调理电路的特点是功耗低，能量收集能力突出，当电容集能转换器输送到储能电容两端的电压高于330mV时，电路便开始启动工作。Figure 5 shows the schematic diagram of the conditioning circuit of the capacitive energy collection conversion device. From the figure, it can be seen that the circuit can be divided into three parts: rectification, storage and voltage stabilization feedback circuit. The rectifier circuit uses a single-phase rectifier bridge composed of 1N4001 diodes, and the storage capacitor uses a 16V/1F aluminum electrolytic capacitor connected to the Ustore terminal, which can collect the charge at both ends of the energy collection converter and store it on the capacitor. The P6KE15CA bidirectional voltage regulator diode is connected to the rear end of the capacitor. Its purpose is to prevent the danger caused by the high voltage at both ends of the energy storage capacitor. The maximum power of the bidirectional voltage regulator diode can reach 500W, and the power collected by the front-end capacitive energy collection converter is very Small, completely unable to reach the maximum power of the diode, to meet the needs of circuit design. The voltage regulator feedback circuit adopts a voltage regulator circuit based on the nanowatt-level micro-power consumption chip BQ25504. The output of the circuit adopts two outputs, one is connected to a 3V rechargeable battery, and the other is connected to a wireless sensor network. Among them, the energy storage battery is used as the backup power supply of the whole circuit. When the wireless sensor network is in the dormant state, its power consumption is very low, and the energy collected by the capacitive energy collection conversion device can be temporarily stored in the energy storage battery; when the wireless sensor network is in the transmitting state, its power consumption increases, at this time If the energy collected by the capacitive energy collection conversion device is not enough to meet the operation of the circuit, the energy storage battery will play a role. This circuit design can ensure the reliability and safety of the whole system. The conditioning circuit is characterized by low power consumption and outstanding energy collection capability. When the voltage delivered by the capacitor energy collection converter to both ends of the energy storage capacitor is higher than 330mV, the circuit starts to work.
对图5所示的电容式集能转换装置调理电路原理图搭建仿真模型，可以得到图6所示的仿真结果。从仿真结果中可以看到，该调理电路可以稳定工作。电路的输出电压Uout可以稳定在3.1V左右，存储电池的电压也最终稳定在3.1V左右，而输入电压Uin在达到330mV时电路即可启动工作，电路响应时间很短，并且输入电压Uin始终保持在较低的电压值下电路便可稳定工作。从仿真结果中可以看到，当外部输入能量较为充足时，输出电路将为电池存储能量，Ubat两端的电压也不断缓慢升高，当高于3.1V时将开始为储能电池充电，电路的输出电压Uout基本稳定在3V左右，电路的稳压效果非常明显，可以满足集能转换的电能调理要求。A simulation model is built for the schematic diagram of the conditioning circuit of the capacitive energy-collecting conversion device shown in Figure 5, and the simulation results shown in Figure 6 can be obtained. It can be seen from the simulation results that the conditioning circuit can work stably. The output voltage Uout of the circuit can be stabilized at about 3.1V, and the voltage of the storage battery is finally stable at about 3.1V, and the circuit can start to work when the input voltage Uin reaches 330mV. The response time of the circuit is very short, and the input voltage Uin is always maintained The circuit can work stably at a lower voltage value. It can be seen from the simulation results that when the external input energy is relatively sufficient, the output circuit will store energy for the battery, and the voltage at both ends of Ubat will continue to rise slowly. When it is higher than 3.1V, it will start to charge the energy storage battery. The output voltage Uout is basically stable at about 3V, and the voltage stabilization effect of the circuit is very obvious, which can meet the power conditioning requirements of energy collection conversion.
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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