CN103433135A - 用于磁场梯度增强离心的设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于磁场梯度增强离心的设备。本发明涉及一种进行连续或分批离心固-液分离过程的设备,其中所述固-液混合物经受磁场梯度和离心作用。
Description
本申请是申请号为200680012796.6母案的分案申请。该母案的申请日为2006年2月17日;发明名称为“用于磁场梯度增强离心的设备”。本申请要求2005年2月17日提交的美国临时申请60/653,701的权利,其全文通过引用结合到本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由存在磁场梯度增强的离心设备。
背景技术
从固-液混合物大体积分离矿物到生物技术或制药工业中的高价值产物的小批量分离,固-液分离广泛应用。在过去的50年里,重力、压力、温度、离心和流体动力一直是常规固-液分离的主要方面。常规固-液分离通常由两个主要步骤组成。在第一步骤中,通过施加压力使固体颗粒从液体分离。压力可通过机械施加压力的方法施加,这可包括活塞、气体压力、流体动力压力、重力压力、离心压力或其组合,其中液体通过滤器,而固体由滤器保留。所遇到的一个问题是由于固体“穿透”(即通过)滤器发生固体损失。一个更严重的问题是机械分离步骤不产生完全分离。这必然要增加第二步骤,热干燥过程。
热干燥过程的能量效率比机械步骤低得多,能量效率低100-200倍。由于每年要处理大量材料,通过降低下游干燥需求,更有效的机械固-液分离将使总体能耗显著降低。由于热干燥占全世界能量消耗的相当大部分,因此这会影响能量消耗。
在某些情况下,已经用高梯度磁场分离从固体与液体的混合物分离特定磁性固体。
本发明的目的就是提供一种能够更有效地分离包含磁性颗粒的固-液混合物的设备。
发明内容
本发明提供一种离心分离包含磁性颗粒的固-液混合物的设备,所述设备包括在其内部进行离心的容器和在容器内的旋转的磁性基体(magnetic matrix)。此设备进行的分离过程通过存在磁场梯度得以增强。旋转的磁性基体为磁场梯度源。由这些定域磁场梯度提供的磁力将磁性颗粒吸引到旋转的磁性基体。本发明提供一种可用于连续方法的设备和可用于分批方法的设备。
所述设备进一步包括在由磁性基体占据的设备区域提供磁场的装置。
在固-液混合物包含铁磁性、亚铁磁性、反铁磁性、顺磁性或抗磁性固体时,或者固-液混合物用铁磁性或顺磁性颗粒接种时,可使用本发明的设备。在磁性颗粒结合到要被分离的目标物质时,即在“官能化的磁性球粒”被使用并且结合到高价值目标物质时,如蛋白质、DNA质粒及其他生物物质,也可使用此设备。
已发现产生≥100T/m场梯度的磁性基体可用于此设备。产生高磁场梯度如≥5000T/m梯度的磁性基体是优选的。
附图说明
图1显示磁性基体元件的结构的一些实例。
图2为显示进行连续分离方法的磁场梯度增强离心设备的一个实施方案的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种对包含磁性颗粒的固-液混合物进行连续或分批离心固-液分离的设备,其中所述设备的性能通过存在磁场梯度增强。
本发明的设备使固-液混合物同时经受离心和磁场梯度。在这些梯度于其中进行分离的设备内起作用并因此使磁性颗粒在设备内经历移动的意义上,这些梯度可以为定域磁场梯度。磁场梯度对固-液混合物中存在的磁性颗粒提供磁力。磁性颗粒可以为铁磁性、亚铁磁性、反铁磁性、顺磁性或抗磁性颗粒。旋转的磁性基体产生磁场梯度,而由磁场梯度提供的磁力将磁性颗粒吸引到磁性基体。磁场梯度优选≥100T/m。高磁场梯度如≥5000T/m的梯度是最优选的。
磁性基体可由任何在磁场中提供磁场梯度的材料构成。通常由在放入磁场时提供磁场梯度的材料构成,如钢线、钢棒、钢棉和/或钢筛网。磁性基体可包括一个元件,所述元件包括一组磁线,或可包括相同或不同的多个此类元件。元件可以多种结构布置于容器内。在一个实施方案中,该元件是平面的,并且平面与容器的轴线垂直。
图1显示基体的元件可采取的一些结构的实例。图1a显示包括从中心径向向外延伸的线或棒的基体。图1b显示包括径向向外延伸的线和呈同心圆的线的基体。图1c显示包括向外延伸的支化线的基体。图1d显示包括从中心向外延伸的弯线的基体。图1e显示包括筛网的基体。线的形状和尺寸可以变化。基体的元件直径可相对于容器的直径改变。在一个实施方案中,可使基体的元件构成为使它们从容器的中心(例如轴线)延伸到容器的边缘(例如内壁)。作为磁性基体元件的线可以独立或者可被支撑。在另一个实施方案中,元件非平面状,而是可以为其轴线沿着容器轴线的锥形。
因此,所述设备也可以包括提供作用于磁性基体的磁场的装置。提供磁场的装置可包括其内磁性基体旋转的容器的内部或外部的螺线管或永久磁铁。
磁性基体在容器内旋转,并且在容器内加入固-液混合物。其内磁性基体旋转的容器可以为具有旋转部件的离心机,在此情况下,离心机的旋转部件和旋转的磁性基体均有贡献于磁性颗粒所受的离心力。本文所述术语“离心机”包括任何具有旋转转子、旋转螺杆或提供离心力的其它旋转部件的容器。它可包括提供离心力的滗析器、分离器和水力旋流器。在此情况下,可将磁性基体固定到离心机的转子、螺杆或轴上,并以与离心机相同的频率旋转,或者连接到具有单独驱动的单独的轴上,以便独立调节旋转频率。可用离心机和磁性基体的旋转频率差作为参数调节分离过程的操作。术语“离心机”也包括具有产生固-液混合物螺旋运动和离心力的切向(例如径向)入口的静态离心机。
或者,其内磁性基体旋转的容器可以为静止的容器,即容器不旋转。在这种情况下,旋转的磁性基体为作用于磁性颗粒的离心力的唯一来源。
固-液混合物中的磁性颗粒可以为铁磁性、亚铁磁性、反铁磁性、顺磁性或抗磁性颗粒。固-液混合物也可用铁磁性或顺磁性颗粒接种以促进分离。在使用“官能化磁性球粒”时,即在磁性颗粒结合到要被分离的目标固体时,本发明设备也有效。高价值目标物质,如昂贵的生物物质,可结合到此类磁性颗粒,以促进分离过程和减少昂贵生物物质的损失。“官能化磁性球粒”为通过用已知结合到目标生物物质的生物或化学实体处理其表面而“官能化”的磁性颗粒。在结合目标物质的“官能化磁性球粒”被分离后,一个分离步骤可使目标物质从官能化磁性球粒分离。磁性球粒可重新利用。本文所用“磁性颗粒”包括本段落以上提到的所有类型磁性物质。
由于磁场作用于基体,磁性颗粒被吸引并附着到磁性基体上。由于离心力,磁性颗粒径向向外移向容器的内壁或其它边缘。磁性颗粒径向向外移动并且聚集在磁性基体的外端导致磁性基体自身清洁,以便能够收集其它磁性颗粒。
在旋转的磁性基体为唯一离心力源时,由于磁性颗粒附着到旋转的磁性基体上,因此基本上只有磁性颗粒受到离心力。这些磁性颗粒向外移向能够收集它们的容器的内壁或其它边缘。具有静止容器和为唯一离心力源的旋转磁性基体的设备尤其适用于从固-液混合物分离磁性颗粒,其中将所含的磁性颗粒回收,并且将非磁性颗粒认作为废产物的部分。
设备包含入口,可通过入口加入固-液混合物。可将固-液混合物轴向或切向(即径向)加入容器。固-液混合物可视需要包含絮凝剂、表面活性剂和溶胶。固-液混合物通常具有很多与悬浮液相同的性质。
在一个实施方案中,将设备设计成能够使分离作为连续过程进行。可将固-液混合物通过入口连续加入其内磁性基体旋转的容器。其中还提供了在磁性基体外端收集磁性颗粒和从容器通过产物出口移除这些磁性颗粒的装置。固-液混合物中任何非磁性颗粒不被吸引到磁性基体,而是随液体流动通过容器,并从容器随废物流中的液体排出废物出口。
在连续运行设备中,将固-液混合物通过进料入口加入容器的一端,并且将固-液混合物的残余物在磁性颗粒已自其分离后从容器移除。残余物可以只为液体,或者可以为液体和非磁性颗粒的混合物。在此实施方案中,所述设备进一步包括进料入口,可通过所述进料入口将固-液混合物连续加入容器中;产物出口,可通过所述产物出口使被分离的磁性颗粒从容器排出;和废产物出口,固-液混合物的残余物在已通过旋转的磁性基体后可通过所述废产物出口从容器出口排出。
在进行连续分离方法的不同实施方案中,容器自身没有旋转部件,而旋转的磁性基体为唯一的离心力源。在这样一个实施方案中,容器包含一套两个不同直径的同心正圆形圆筒,其中较小直径的圆筒壁包围一个圆柱形区域,并且此组圆筒的两个壁包围具有圆柱壳形或环形环区域。旋转的磁性基体的各元件从容器的轴线延伸通过较小直径圆筒壁中的开口,提供开口使各元件伸入圆柱壳区域。
在此实施方案中,设备也可包括进入圆柱壳区域一端的缓冲溶液入口。固-液混合物的进料入口在与缓冲溶液入口相同的容器末端进入较小直径圆筒内的圆柱形区域。废物出口在较小直径圆筒内的圆柱形区域末端离开,这一端与其中进料入口进入的一端相对。产物出口在圆柱壳区域的末端离开,这一端与其中缓冲溶液入口进入的一端相对。
进行连续方法并且其中旋转的磁性基体为作用于固-液混合物的唯一离心力源的设备的此实施方案的示意图显示于图2中。图2a显示其中布置较小直径圆筒的正圆形圆筒形式的容器1的垂直截面图。较小直径圆筒的垂直壁2包围一个内部圆柱形空间,并且壁2和壁3包围一个外部圆柱壳。旋转的磁性基体4结合到沿着容器的轴线的轴杆5上。使轴杆5旋转的装置如箭头6所示提供。使轴杆5旋转的装置可包括例如连接到轴杆的马达。所述设备还包括提供作用于磁性基体的磁场的装置,标注的箭头B指示磁场的存在和方向。磁场可指向其它方向,但优选平行于容器的轴线,或者具有平行于容器轴线的主要分量。
图2b为显示旋转磁性基体4的结构的水平横截面图。在此例中,磁性基体只包含一种类型的元件,为所示的线或棒,但可将相似或不同的元件连接到轴杆5上并由轴杆5旋转。对元件所示的结构与图1a所示的结构类似,即线或棒从中心径向向外延伸。线或棒从轴杆延伸通过壁2中的开口,并且伸入外部圆柱壳。
可将固-液混合物通过入口连续加入内部圆筒,如箭头7所示。固-液混合物包含显示为具有白色中心区的球粒的磁性颗粒8和显示为具有黑色线纹的球粒的非磁性固体9及液体。固-液混合物由于施加的压力和重力从内部圆筒顶部流向底部。由于在磁性基体的磁场梯度和所产生的磁力,磁性颗粒被吸引并附着到磁性基体上。高磁场梯度是优选的,因为它们产生较大力并且使磁性颗粒更强力附着到磁性基体上。由于由旋转的磁性基体提供的离心力,磁性颗粒径向向外移向壁2。它们通过壁2中的开口进入外部圆柱壳。
在此实施方案中收集和移除磁性颗粒的方式由液相缓冲溶液提供。液相缓冲溶液如箭头10所示通过入口进入外部圆柱壳。液相缓冲溶液由于施加的压力和重力从圆柱壳的顶部流向底部。在磁性颗粒通过壁2中的开口并进入外部圆柱壳时,它们被夹带到缓冲溶液流中,并且如箭头11所示通过产物出口从设备排出。应选择缓冲溶液以便促进磁性颗粒从溶液分离。在磁性颗粒为结合目标产物的官能化磁性球粒时,使目标产物从磁性球粒分离,并重新使用磁性球粒。非磁性颗粒不被吸引到磁性基体,基本上不受到离心力,而是继续随固-液混合物中的液体流动通过内部圆筒,并且如箭头12所示从内部圆筒随液体通过废物出口排出。
可用本发明的设备选择性分离,即从非磁性颗粒和液体分离磁性颗粒。也可用所述设备使磁性颗粒从液体分离或将不同大小的磁性颗粒分级。高梯度磁场产生高磁力,高磁力允许分离较小的磁性颗粒,因此能够用较小颗粒作为磁性球粒。由存在磁场产生的聚集作用促进此分离。可由本发明的设备分离磁性纳米颗粒。
适用于本发明的其它分离设备和使用方法描述于2005年2月17日同时提交的美国申请SN11/060,001和SN11/060,004,各申请全文通过引用结合到本文中。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于离心分离包含磁性颗粒的固-液混合物的设备,所述设备包括(a)在内部进行离心的容器,其在轴上旋转,(b)在容器内的轴上旋转的磁性基体和(c)在所述容器外部提供磁场梯度的源,这些磁场梯度于设备内起作用;
其中所述容器与磁性基体在相同或不同的轴上旋转;
其中所述磁性基体由钢线构成,钢线的形状选自同心圆、支化线、弯线、筛网和锥形;和
其中所述设备包括其中布置较小直径圆筒的正圆形圆筒和在它们之间形成的壳、从较小圆筒进入所述壳的开口以及
收集和移除所述壳的磁性颗粒的装置,其包括液相缓冲溶液。
2.权利要求1的设备,所述旋转的磁性基体包括一组磁性线。
3.权利要求1的设备,其中所述容器和所述磁性基体以不同速度旋转。
4.权利要求1的设备,其中所述容器具有壁并且所述磁性基体突出通过在该壁中的开口。
5.一种用于离心分离包含磁性颗粒的固-液混合物的设备,所述设备包括(a)在内部进行离心的容器,该容器在轴线上旋转并具有壁,(b)在容器内的轴上旋转的并吸引磁性颗粒的磁性基体和(c)在所述壁的开口,所述磁性颗粒从所述磁性基体通过该开口,
其中所述容器与磁性基体在相同或不同的轴上旋转;并且
其中所述磁性基体由钢线构成,钢线的形状选自同心圆、支化线、弯线、筛网和锥形。
6.权利要求5的设备,所述磁性基体包括一组磁性线。
7.权利要求5的设备,其中所述容器是能够旋转的并且所述容器和所述磁性基体以不同速度旋转。
8.权利要求7的设备,其中所述磁性基体突出通过在该壁中的开口。
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US8066877B2 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2011-11-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Apparatus for magnetic field and magnetic gradient enhanced filtration |
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2006
- 2006-02-14 US US11/353,334 patent/US8075771B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-17 EP EP06735436A patent/EP1848539A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-02-17 WO PCT/US2006/005774 patent/WO2006089187A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-02-17 KR KR1020077021065A patent/KR101334454B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-02-17 JP JP2007556348A patent/JP5670012B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-17 CN CNA2006800127966A patent/CN101160176A/zh active Pending
- 2006-02-17 CN CN201310372937.7A patent/CN103433135B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2013
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CN108352171A (zh) * | 2015-11-12 | 2018-07-31 | 索尼公司 | 磁记录用磁性粉末的分离方法、磁记录用磁性粉末的分离装置和磁记录介质的制造方法 |
CN110605179A (zh) * | 2019-10-16 | 2019-12-24 | 中南大学 | 一种高梯度磁选实验装置 |
Also Published As
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US20060180538A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
CN103433135B (zh) | 2016-09-21 |
JP5670012B2 (ja) | 2015-02-18 |
KR20070107127A (ko) | 2007-11-06 |
EP1848539A1 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
WO2006089187A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
JP2008529795A (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
CN101160176A (zh) | 2008-04-09 |
KR101334454B1 (ko) | 2013-11-29 |
US8075771B2 (en) | 2011-12-13 |
JP2013237047A (ja) | 2013-11-28 |
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