CN103436296A - Slag gasifier for pressurized fixed bed - Google Patents
Slag gasifier for pressurized fixed bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN103436296A CN103436296A CN2013104114524A CN201310411452A CN103436296A CN 103436296 A CN103436296 A CN 103436296A CN 2013104114524 A CN2013104114524 A CN 2013104114524A CN 201310411452 A CN201310411452 A CN 201310411452A CN 103436296 A CN103436296 A CN 103436296A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a slag gasifier for a pressurized fixed bed. The slag gasifier comprises a coal lock for intermittently taking coal from a bunker and feeding the coal into a pressurized gasifier container, a transition bin enabling the coal in the coal lock to be fed in the pressurized gasifier container conveniently, the pressurized gasifier container for combusting and gasifying carbon-containing solid fuels at a certain temperature and with certain pressure by virtue of a gasifying agent from a nozzle, a connection pup joint for gasifying operations of slagging, chilling, evacuation and the like, a chilling chamber for chilling and cooling molten slag and a slag lock for storing vitric slag particles and discharging the vitric slag particles to the outside by a cone valve. An operation method of the slag gasifier comprises the steps of adjusting the temperature of a raw gas outlet, gasifying carbon-containing solid fuels, adjusting the gasifying load of the gasifier, controlling the operation pressure of the gasifier, controlling the pressure difference between the connection pup joint and the gasifier, slag discharge of a slag discharging port and slag support operations, chilling and cooling molten slag, controlling water quantity of the chilling chamber to remove heat of the molten slag, storing slag particles and discharging the slag particles to the outside.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fixed-bed gasification furnace, relate more specifically to the working method of a kind of pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace and pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace.
Background technology
Representative pressurization static bed vapourizing furnace is lurgi gasifier both at home and abroad at present, and lurgi gasifier is a kind of equipment of coal pressure gasification, and the adverse current gasification, used mechanical grate to carry out the dry method ash discharge; Temperature of combustion must be below the softening temperature of coal ash, and employing sprays into a large amount of steam and controls the temperature of combustion of oxygen and coal coke lower than coal ash fusion temperature.There is more defect in lurgi gasifier, and as low as single stove operating load, steam consumption is large, produce that wastewater flow rate is large, dry method ash discharge contaminate environment, gasification efficiency is low, running cost is high.
Except the lurgi gasifier of fixed bed, the airflow bed gasification furnaces such as Shell stove (representative of dry pulverized coal stove), Texaco stove (water-coal slurry furnace representative) in addition commonly used.Their characteristics are: the coal that advances of Shell stove is dry pulverized coal, and oxygen and steam are vaporized chemical, about 1400 ~ 1600 ℃ of gasification temperature, the vapourizing furnace temperature out is greater than approximately 1000 ℃, the oxygen depletion amount is about 0.73kg/kg, and efficiency of carbon conversion is 99%, and cold gas efficiency is about 81%; The Texaco stove adopts the slag tap technology, and advancing coal is coal water slurry, and pure oxygen is vaporized chemical, about 1400 ~ 1500 ℃ of gasification temperature, and the vapourizing furnace temperature out is greater than approximately 1000 ℃, and the oxygen depletion amount is 0.82kg/kg, and efficiency of carbon conversion is 98%, and cold gas efficiency is 74%.There is following shortcoming in these two kinds of vapourizing furnaces commonly used: the Shell stove prepare that dry pulverized coal system complex, dust discharge amount are large, the disposable apparatus investment cost is high, the vapourizing furnace temperature out is high and structure too complicated etc., oxygen consumption is large; The effective gas component content of Texaco stove is low, cold gas efficiency is low, coal adaptability is poor, the vapourizing furnace temperature out is high, the burner life-span is short, the chilling ring problem is many, the shortcomings such as oxygen consumption is large, and the structure of vapourizing furnace is too complicated, the dry feed dust discharge amount is large.
Therefore, in order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned vapourizing furnace, need to provide a kind of improved pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
The object of the invention is to, on the basis of introducing the slag tap technology, for carbonaceous fuel provides a kind of effective way to the Efficient Conversion of synthetic gas, also provide a kind of environmental protection more, better, the comprehensive higher pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace of cost performance of economy simultaneously.
(2) technical scheme
This pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace is on the basis of lurgi gasifier, through test research and development for many years, industrial amplification, design improvement a kind of novel flexible and efficient vapourizing furnace developed through the business runtime verification.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the pressurized gasification container that pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace comprises a column.Coal or other carbonaceous fuel drop into from gasification pressurized gasification container top, utilize nozzle that vaporized chemical is caused in the bottom fuel of gas pressing gasification vessel, under High Temperature High Pressure, are vaporized.Residual ash (as slag and iron) is collected in the slag bath of gas pressing gasification vessel, and slag and Tie Tong cross the slag-drip opening of slag bath and discharge off and on (usually being called " deslagging "), enter in the water of shock chamber, slag bath bottom.The products of combustion of heat obtains by the burner in the pipe nipple of slag-drip opening below, through slag-drip opening, with the bubbling form, upwards transmits, with slag and the iron of holding a pond in slag bath.Blowdown system by controlled chilling chamber connecting short section, to atmospheric steam exhaust, reduces the pressure of shock chamber's connecting short section, between shock chamber's connecting short section and gas pressing gasification vessel, produces differential pressure, promotes the discharge of slag and iron.Water cycle by the water inlet pipe of connecting short section, water inlet pipe in shock chamber and rising pipe controlled chilling chamber is to remove the heat of slag.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace comprises: coal lock, its be positioned at transitional storehouse top, for getting the storage vessel of coal to pressurized gasification container coal from coal bunker off and on; Transitional storehouse, its between coal lock and vapourizing furnace, impel coal in the coal lock " Y " type passage in adding the pressurized gasification container by gravity; The pressurized gasification container, main body as gasification, its between transitional storehouse and connecting short section, utilize the nozzle of bottom introduce vaporized chemical under certain temperature and pressure by the gasification vessel of carbonic solid fuels gasification, the top raw gas outlet pipe of pressurized gasification container is discharged raw gas, and the bottom slag bath of pressurized gasification container is collected slag and discharges off and on slag by slag-drip opening; Connecting short section, it is positioned at pressurized gasification container bottom and top, shock chamber, for connecting pressurized gasification container and shock chamber, is the important connecting container that is carrying the gasification operations such as important emptying, holder slag and deslagging; Shock chamber, it is between connecting short section and slag lock, for Quench, cooling slag and utilize water cycle to remove the water-filled vessel of slag heat; With slag lock, it is for being positioned at the bottom, shock chamber, for temporary transient store glass matter slag particles and by cone valve by solid slag particle discharge container out-of-bounds.The upper and lower of coal lock is provided with cone valve, and it is for controlling the parts of coal.The upper and lower of slag lock is provided with cone valve, and it is for controlling the parts of slag dumping.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, two or more coals lock consists of cylindrical upper section and tapered lower portion, and the upper and lower ends opening is equipped with cone valve, and alternately to pressurize, pressure release is got coal and to pressurized gasification container coal to coal bunker.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, transitional storehouse is " Y " type, and the top bifurcated respectively connects a coal lock, and its underpart is connected with the top of pressurized gasification container, impels coal to rely on gravity to enter in the pressurized gasification container.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the pressurized gasification container of column comprises: coal inlet, raw gas outlet, nozzle, slag bath and slag-drip opening.Coal inlet is positioned at the top of pressurized gasification container, the raw gas outlet is positioned at the top of pressurized gasification container, nozzle (for example six or a plurality of) be evenly distributed on the same level on slag bath top, slag bath is positioned at the bottom of pressurized gasification container, and slag-drip opening is connected to the bottom of pressurized gasification container with flange.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, connecting short section comprises installation guard shield, burner, air endless tube and water inlet pipe within it.Guard shield is arranged under slag-drip opening, and lower end is immersed in the water.Burner and air endless tube all ringwise, are arranged on around the slag-drip opening on guard shield top from inside to outside.Water inlet pipe is communicated with the chilling ring in connecting short section, is arranged on the middle and upper part of connecting short section.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shock chamber is arranged on the connecting short section bottom, inner filling water, and the top of shock chamber is provided with water inlet pipe and rising pipe.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the upper and lower opening of slag lock is equipped with cone valve, for discharging off and on the solid impurity particle of solid.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the coal lock of arranging successively from top to down, transitional storehouse, pressurized gasification container, connecting short section, shock chamber and Zha Suo center all are positioned on same longitudinal axis.Carbonaceous fuel is from top to bottom successively by coal lock, transitional storehouse, pressurized gasification container, and the slag produced at the pressurized-gasification furnace container bottom is discharged out-of-bounds successively after connecting short section, shock chamber and slag lock.
According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the various carbonaceous fuels of gasifiable a wider range, such as the rubbish that comprises various bulks, biomass, plastics, low low grade coal, moulded coal, fat coal and various propellant combinations etc.
Particularly, the present invention also provides following technical scheme:
1. a pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace, is characterized in that, it comprises:
The coal lock, it is positioned at transitional storehouse top, for getting coal from coal bunker off and on, the backward pressurized gasification container coal that pressurizes, then pressure release is got coal from coal bunker, completes a circulation;
Transitional storehouse, it is the passage between coal lock and vapourizing furnace, is convenient to rely on gravity to add the pressurized gasification container in the coal in the coal lock;
The pressurized gasification container, it is between transitional storehouse and connecting short section, utilize nozzle to introduce vaporized chemical by the gasification vessel of carbonic solid fuels burning and gasification in the fuel of pressurized gasification container bottom, wherein said pressurized gasification container has for discharging top raw gas outlet pipe and the bottom slag bath of raw gas, and described bottom slag bath is collected slag and discharged slag by slag-drip opening;
Connecting short section, it is positioned at vapourizing furnace bottom and top, shock chamber, for connecting pressurized gasification container and shock chamber;
Shock chamber, it is the water-filled vessel between connecting short section and slag lock, for Quench, cooling and remove slag heat; And
The slag lock, it is the container that is positioned at the bottom, shock chamber, for store glass matter solid impurity particle and by cone valve, the solid slag particle is discharged out-of-bounds.
2. according to the described pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace of scheme 1, it is characterized in that, described pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace has two or more coal locks, described coal lock consists of cylindrical upper section and tapered lower portion, the upper and lower end opening of described coal lock is equipped with cone valve, for the pressurising pressure release and control to the vapourizing furnace coal.
3. according to the described pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace of scheme 1, it is characterized in that, described transitional storehouse is " Y " type, and the top of described transitional storehouse connects the coal lock, the bottom of described transitional storehouse is connected with the top of described pressurized gasification container, for to described pressurized gasification container coal.
4. according to the described pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace of scheme 1, it is characterized in that, described pressurized gasification container comprises: coal inlet, raw gas outlet, nozzle, slag bath and slag-drip opening, wherein said coal inlet is positioned at the top of described pressurized gasification container, described raw gas outlet is positioned at the top of described pressurized gasification container, described nozzle is evenly distributed on the same horizontal plane on described slag bath top, described slag bath is positioned at the bottom of described pressurized gasification container, and described slag-drip opening is connected to the bottom of described pressurized gasification container with flange.
5. according to the described pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace of scheme 1, it is characterized in that, described connecting short section comprises guard shield, burner, air endless tube and the water inlet pipe be arranged on wherein, wherein said guard shield is arranged under described slag-drip opening and lower end is immersed in the water, described burner and described air endless tube are all ringwise, be arranged on from inside to outside around the slag-drip opening on described guard shield top, water inlet pipe is communicated with the chilling ring in connecting short section, is arranged on the middle and upper part of connecting short section.
6. according to the described pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace of scheme 1, it is characterized in that, described shock chamber is arranged on the bottom of described connecting short section, its inner filling water, and its top is provided with water inlet pipe, and bottom is provided with rising pipe.
7. according to the described pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace of scheme 1, it is characterized in that, the upper and lower part opening of described slag lock is equipped with cone valve, for punching press pressure release off and on to discharge the solid slag particle.
8. the working method of a pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace, is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
Use coal lock and transitional storehouse continuously or with gap to pressurized gasification container coal, adjusting raw gas temperature out and load;
The pressurized gasification container of use between transitional storehouse and connecting short section, utilize the nozzle of its underpart to introduce vaporized chemical by solid carbon fuel combustion and gasification;
Use is positioned at the flowrate control valve on the nozzle upstream pipeline of bottom, controls the gasification load that the vaporized chemical that enters vapourizing furnace loads to adjust vapourizing furnace;
With the working pressure that is positioned at pressure controlled valve on raw gas outlet pipe downstream line and controls vapourizing furnace;
The differential pressure of coming control linkage pipe nipple and vapourizing furnace by air input and the air inlet proportioning of the valve switch on the blow-down pipe that is positioned at connecting short section, burner and air endless tube, the deslagging of slag-drip opening and holder slag operation;
The shock chamber of use between connecting short section and slag lock, come Quench and cooling slag by the water in shock chamber, forms glassiness solid impurity particle;
Use is positioned at water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe in shock chamber and the rising pipe of connecting short section and controls water cycle to remove the heat of slag, makes the slag temperature drop low;
The slag lock that use is positioned under shock chamber stores solid impurity particle, and the cone valve of locking by slag is discharged vitreous solid impurity particle out-of-bounds.
9. according to the working method of scheme 8 described pressurization static bed slag gasification furnaces, it is characterized in that, described pressurized gasification container comprises: coal inlet, raw gas outlet, nozzle, slag bath and slag-drip opening, wherein said coal inlet is positioned at the top of described pressurized gasification container, described raw gas outlet is positioned at the top of described pressurized gasification container, described nozzle is evenly distributed on the same horizontal plane on described slag bath top, described slag bath is positioned at the bottom of described pressurized gasification container, and described slag-drip opening is connected to the bottom of described pressurized gasification container with flange.
10. according to the working method of scheme 8 described pressurization static bed slag gasification furnaces, it is characterized in that, described connecting short section comprises guard shield, burner, air endless tube and the water inlet pipe be arranged on wherein, wherein said guard shield is arranged under described slag-drip opening and lower end is immersed in the water, described burner and described air endless tube are all ringwise, be arranged on from inside to outside around the slag-drip opening on described guard shield top, water inlet pipe is communicated with the chilling ring in connecting short section, is arranged on the middle and upper part of connecting short section.
(3) beneficial effect
It is moulded coal or lump coal that pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace of the present invention advances coal, and oxygen and steam are vaporized chemical, and the vapourizing furnace temperature out is 300-550 ℃, and the oxygen depletion amount is 0.49kg/kg, and efficiency of carbon conversion is higher than 99.5%, and cold gas efficiency is 89%.Therefore, with the vapourizing furnace of other two kinds of common type, compare, this pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace has that coal adaptability is strong, slag tap is pollution-free, efficiency of carbon conversion is high, low, the effective gas component content advantages of higher of disposable apparatus investment concurrently, is better, the comprehensive higher fixed-bed gasification furnace of cost performance of a kind of environmental protection more, economy.
In design of the present invention, with the lurgi gasifier of same inner diameter, compare, use the mechanical grate that has replaced lurgi gasifier with the fire-resistant molten slag bath of centre bottom deslagging outlet, replace the dry method ash discharge with slag tap, on gasifying process, obtained optimizing preferably, make the transition heat efficiency of coal coal gas processed higher, reach 90% left and right, and lurgi gasifier can only reach 70% left and right; Single stove load is higher, can reduce by a half-gasification oven number of units, and the vapourizing furnace number of units is half of lurgi gasifier number of units; The process steam consumption significantly reduces, and is the sixth to ten/of lurgi gasifier, has greatly reduced thus the boiler scale, reduces the boiler energy consumption; Wastewater flow rate significantly reduces, and has saved the wastewater treatment investment, more easily realizes waste water recycling or " zero " discharge; CO in raw gas
2content is few, reduces carbon emission; Efficiency of carbon conversion is higher than 99.5%, and in slag, the carbon residue amount, lower than 0.5%, be the nontoxic glass dregs of non-diafiltration, and in the lurgi gasifier ash, the carbon residue amount is 6% left and right.
Particularly, adopt technical scheme of the present invention, can obtain following technique effect:
1, slag tap makes efficiency of carbon conversion higher, and the glassiness solid impurity particle that slag forms through Quench is pollution-free.Due to slag bath slag temperature, between 1300-1600 ℃, can make unconverted carbon further be transformed in slag bath, make efficiency of carbon conversion up to 99.8%; After slag is discharged slag-drip opening, directly enter Quench and cooling in the water of shock chamber, the glassiness solid impurity particle of discharge is pollution-free, can be used as byproduct in building and the middle use of building the road, or backfill or buried safely.
2, heat of gasification efficiency is high, invests low.Overall flow principle due to the adverse current gasification that has the gasification of modern high-temperature slag and moving-bed concurrently, improved heat of gasification efficiency, makes the oxygen of other slag gasification technologies of oxygen loss-rate of gasification consume decrease, significantly saved the grade investment of equipment of sky.
3, the waste heat recovery cost is low.The temperature out of raw gas is only 300～550 ℃, has improved the thermo-efficiency of gasification, has saved oxygen depletion, decrease demand and the equipment cost of waste heat recovery.
4, wide, the strong adaptability of the range of choice of coal.The gasifiable refinery coke of this vapourizing furnace, metallurgical coke, hard coal, bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, brown coal, and the mixed material feeding of these coals; For high ash melting point coal seed, only need to add limestone flux.Variation to ature of coal in operating process is insensitive, can switch online different gasified raw materials.
5, resource utilization is high, pollution-free.After carbon more than 99.5% is converted into gas, in coal, remaining mineral substance at high temperature melts, and through the recirculated water Quench, forms and is discharged by furnace bottom without the vitreous solid disintegrating slag particle of diafiltration.The slag of discharging is pollution-free, can be used as byproduct in building and the middle use of building the road, or backfill or buried safely.The condensed steam that gasification waste water is mainly discharged after the stove inner drying from the coal that feeds intake, the water yield is little, and the concentration of organic content is high, is conducive to separating than under lower production cost, and phenol and the ammonia of recovery have higher-value as byproduct.After adopting appropriate degree of depth water technology, the water quality after can making to purify reaches the first discharge standard requirement of Chinese river, or all reclaims and recycle as technique or cooling water.
6, with other domestic and international gasification technologies, to compare advantage large.The cold gas efficiency of this vapourizing furnace high (> 89%), efficiency of carbon conversion high (> 99.5%), thermo-efficiency is high, the oxygen consumption is low, system operation reliability is high, maintenance cost is low.
Provided description is provided and will be more obviously seen the more suitable application area of the present invention.Should be appreciated that the description of this part and specific examples, only for explanation, do not limit the scope of the invention.
The accompanying drawing explanation
By reference to the accompanying drawings, by preferred embodiment provided herein, can understand better the present invention.Accompanying drawing provided herein is for illustration purpose, and can not limit the scope of the invention, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the layout schematic diagram of burner, air endless tube and blow-down pipe between slag-drip opening and guard shield in connecting short section according to an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Now with reference to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are more fully described.Following description is only exemplary in essence, does not limit the present invention and application thereof or use.
As shown in Figure 1, pressurization static bed according to an embodiment of the invention slag gasification furnace comprise in coal lock 1(figure shown two coals locks), transitional storehouse 2, pressurized gasification container 3, connecting short section 4, shock chamber 5 and slag lock 6.Coal lock 1 be positioned at transitional storehouse 2 tops, for getting the storage vessel of coal to pressurized gasification container 3 coals from the coal bunker (not shown) off and on.Transitional storehouse 2 is between coal lock 1 and pressurized gasification container 3, impels the coal in coal lock 1 to enter " Y " type passage of pressurized gasification container 3 by gravity.Pressurized gasification container 3 is as the main body for gasification, be between transitional storehouse 2 and connecting short section 4, utilize nozzle 9 to introduce the gasification vessel that vaporized chemical gasifies carbonic solid fuels under certain temperature and pressure, the top raw gas outlet pipe 13 of pressurized gasification container 3 is discharged raw gas, bottom slag bath 10 stores slag and discharges slag by slag-drip opening 11, and wherein slag-drip opening is connected to the bottom of pressurized gasification container 3 with flange.Connecting short section 4 is positioned at pressurized gasification container 3 bottoms, 5 tops, shock chamber, connects pressurized gasification container 3 and shock chamber 5, is the important container that is carrying the gasification operations such as important emptying, deslagging, Quench, holder slag.Shock chamber 5 is between connecting short section 4 and slag lock 6, for Quench, cooling and utilize water cycle to remove the water-filled vessel of slag heat.Slag lock 6 is the bottoms that are positioned at shock chamber 5, for store glass matter solid impurity particle and small part chilled water and the solid slag particle is discharged to container out-of-bounds.The upper and lower of coal lock 1 is respectively equipped with cone valve 7,8, and they are for controlling the parts of coal, and the upper and lower of slag lock 6 is respectively equipped with cone valve 14,15, and they are for controlling the parts of slag dumping.
Use the gasifiable various carbonaceous fuels of this device, as refinery coke, metallurgical coke, hard coal, bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, brown coal, or even rubbish, and the mixed material feeding of these coals or rubbish etc.For high ash melting point coal seed, only need to add corresponding fusing assistant.Variation to ature of coal in operating process is insensitive, can switch online different gasified raw materials.
Coal or other carbonaceous fuel are from top to bottom successively through coal lock 1, " Y " type transitional storehouse 2, pressurized gasification container 3, in pressurized gasification container 3 after heating, drying, destructive distillation, gasification and burning slag coal ash become slag, be collected in slag bath 10, by slag-drip opening 11, discharged, through connecting short section 4, enter in the water of shock chamber 5 by Quench and cooling, the glassiness solid impurity particle of formation in slag lock 6 of short duration storages intermittently discharge is out-of-bounds.Glassiness slag can directly be used for paving the way or doing brick, nontoxic.
Coal lock 1 is provided with cone valve 7 and lower cone valve 8, and when operation starts, upper cone valve 7 is opened, and lower cone valve 8 cuts out; Feed coal in coal bunker enters coal lock 1, add coal after upper cone valve 7 close; Coal lock 1 is the pressure to pressurized gasification container 3 by carbonic acid gas or nitrogen or cold coal gas pressurization; Lower cone valve 8 is opened, and feed coal enters into pressurized gasification container 3 tops by transitional storehouse 2.After the coal of pressurized gasification container 3 finishes, the lower cone valve 8 of coal lock 1 cuts out, and coal is locked 1 pressure release to normal pressure.Afterwards, the upper cone valve 7 of coal lock 1 is opened, and from coal bunker to coal, lock 1 coal again, then go up cone valve 7 and close, and coal lock 1 pressurizes, and starts a new circulation.It is pointed out that the operating mode according to raw gas temperature out and vapourizing furnace, use coal lock 1 and transitional storehouse 2 continuously or off and on to pressurized gasification container 3 coals, to reach the purpose of regulating vapourizing furnace operating mode and raw gas temperature out.
Coal or other carbonaceous fuel are on the top and the back flow of gas heat exchange of from pressurized gasification container bottom, burning and gasifying of pressurized gasification container 3, the heating and the evaporation produce coal or other carbonaceous fuel in moisture, after drying and destructive distillation, coal or other carbonaceous fuel progressively change coke into.Bottom at pressurized gasification container 3, utilize the nozzle 9 of pressurized gasification container 3 bottoms that vaporized chemical (as the mixture of steam and oxygen or the mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen) is caused in solid carbon fuel (coke), make its burning and gasification under High Temperature High Pressure.And the flowrate control valve (not shown) on nozzle 9 upstream lines of use pressurized gasification container 3 bottoms, control the gasification load that the vaporized chemical that enters vapourizing furnace loads to adjust vapourizing furnace.The gas that burning and gasification produce upwards with after coal or other carbonaceous fuel countercurrent flow is discharged by raw gas outlet pipe 13, export battery limit (BL) after wash cooling, wherein with the pressure controlled valve (not shown) on the downstream line that is positioned at raw gas outlet pipe 13, control the working pressure of vapourizing furnace.The ash content that gasification produces is collected in the slag bath 10 of gasification container as slag and iron, and slag and Tie Tong cross the slag-drip opening 11 of slag bath 10 and discharge off and on (usually being called " deslagging "), enters in the water of shock chamber, bottom 5 by Quench and cooling.Water inlet pipe 19 and rising pipe 20 by the water inlet pipe 19 on connecting short section 4, shock chamber 5 carry out water cycle, to remove the heat of slag.
With reference to Fig. 2, it is the layout schematic diagram of burner 12, air endless tube 17, blow-down pipe and water inlet pipe between slag-drip opening and guard shield in connecting short section according to an embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 2, the products of combustion of heat obtains by the burner 12 in connecting short section 4, wherein air endless tube 17 passes into air or other combustion-supporting gas in order to aid burning, through the vertical column circular hole of slag-drip opening 11, with the bubbling form, upwards transmits, with slag and the iron of holding a pond in slag bath 10.Blow-down pipe 16 by controlling blowdown system, to atmospheric steam exhaust, reduces the pressure of connecting short section 4, between connecting short section 4 and pressurized gasification container 3, produces differential pressure, promotes the discharge of slag and iron.The differential pressure of coming control linkage pipe nipple and vapourizing furnace by air input and the air inlet proportioning of the valve switch on the blow-down pipe that is positioned at connecting short section 4, burner and air endless tube 17, the deslagging of slag-drip opening and holder slag operation.The shock chamber of use between connecting short section and slag lock, come Quench and cooling slag by the water in shock chamber, forms vitreous solid impurity particle.Use is positioned at water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe in shock chamber and the rising pipe of connecting short section and controls water cycle to remove the heat of slag, makes the slag temperature drop low.The slag lock that use is positioned under shock chamber stores solid impurity particle, and the cone valve of locking by slag is discharged vitreous solid impurity particle out-of-bounds.
The equipment related in the present invention is pressurized vessel, can use national standard design of pressure vessels Specification Design.
Unless Special Circumstances have other restrictions, otherwise the term that following definition is applicable to use in this specification sheets.In addition, unless describe separately, the implication of all scientific and technical terminologies used herein is the same with the common understanding of those skilled in the art in the invention.As conflict, with this specification sheets and the definition that comprises thereof, be as the criterion.
The implication of some terms that use in present specification for the present invention, is as follows:
" burner " refers to the combustion unit of using on industrial furnace, and burner is commonly called as in the industry as " burner ".
" blast orifice " refers to the gasification pressurized vessel bottom near the fixed bed slag gasification furnace, enter the combustion zone of vapourizing furnace for spraying into single stream strand (as introduced mixture, air, nitrogen and the carbonic acid gas etc. of steam and oxygen) or process stream (as coal water slurry, dry pulverized coal and tar etc.), these parts are commonly called as in the industry as " nozzle ".
" deslagging " refers in the fixed bed slag gasification furnace, and slag and Tie Tong cross the slag-drip opening of slag bath and discharge downwards off and on, enter the process in shock chamber, slag bath bottom water.
As this paper when describing material, method or equipment during with the word of " those skilled in the art is known " phrase or synonym or phrase, this term means that described material, method and mechanical means are conventional when submitting present patent application to, and is included in this specification sheets.Be covered by equally in this description, but at present unconventionally when being applicable to similar purpose, will become art-recognized material, method and equipment.
The above describes the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiment, obviously, in the situation that do not break away from the scope of the invention defined in claims, can be changed and change.More specifically, preferred or favourable although aspects more of the present invention are confirmed as in this article, the present invention needn't be limited to these preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace, is characterized in that, it comprises:
The coal lock, it is positioned at transitional storehouse top, for getting coal from coal bunker off and on, the backward pressurized gasification container coal that pressurizes, then pressure release is got coal from coal bunker, completes a circulation;
Transitional storehouse, it is the passage between coal lock and vapourizing furnace, is convenient to rely on gravity to add the pressurized gasification container in the coal in the coal lock;
The pressurized gasification container, it is between transitional storehouse and connecting short section, utilize nozzle to introduce vaporized chemical by the gasification vessel of carbonic solid fuels burning and gasification in the fuel of pressurized gasification container bottom, wherein said pressurized gasification container has for discharging top raw gas outlet pipe and the bottom slag bath of raw gas, and described bottom slag bath is collected slag and discharged slag by slag-drip opening;
Connecting short section, it is positioned at vapourizing furnace bottom and top, shock chamber, for connecting pressurized gasification container and shock chamber;
Shock chamber, it is the water-filled vessel between connecting short section and slag lock, for Quench, cooling and remove slag heat; And
The slag lock, it is the container that is positioned at the bottom, shock chamber, for store glass matter solid impurity particle and by cone valve, the solid slag particle is discharged out-of-bounds.
2. pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace has two or more coal locks, described coal lock consists of cylindrical upper section and tapered lower portion, the upper and lower end opening of described coal lock is equipped with cone valve, for the pressurising pressure release and control to the vapourizing furnace coal.
3. pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described transitional storehouse is " Y " type, and the top of described transitional storehouse connects the coal lock, the bottom of described transitional storehouse is connected with the top of described pressurized gasification container, for to described pressurized gasification container coal.
4. pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pressurized gasification container comprises: coal inlet, raw gas outlet, nozzle, slag bath and slag-drip opening, wherein said coal inlet is positioned at the top of described pressurized gasification container, described raw gas outlet is positioned at the top of described pressurized gasification container, described nozzle is evenly distributed on the same horizontal plane on described slag bath top, described slag bath is positioned at the bottom of described pressurized gasification container, and described slag-drip opening is connected to the bottom of described pressurized gasification container with flange.
5. pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described connecting short section comprises guard shield, burner, air endless tube and the water inlet pipe be arranged on wherein, wherein said guard shield is arranged under described slag-drip opening and lower end is immersed in the water, described burner and described air endless tube are all ringwise, be arranged on from inside to outside around the slag-drip opening on described guard shield top, water inlet pipe is communicated with the chilling ring in connecting short section, is arranged on the middle and upper part of connecting short section.
6. pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described shock chamber is arranged on the bottom of described connecting short section, its inner filling water, and its top is provided with water inlet pipe, and bottom is provided with rising pipe.
7. pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the upper and lower part opening of described slag lock is equipped with cone valve, for punching press pressure release off and on to discharge the solid slag particle.
8. the working method of a pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace, is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
Use coal lock and transitional storehouse continuously or with gap to pressurized gasification container coal, adjusting raw gas temperature out and load;
The pressurized gasification container of use between transitional storehouse and connecting short section, utilize the nozzle of its underpart to introduce vaporized chemical by solid carbon fuel combustion and gasification;
Use is positioned at the flowrate control valve on the nozzle upstream pipeline of bottom, controls the gasification load that the vaporized chemical that enters vapourizing furnace loads to adjust vapourizing furnace;
With the working pressure that is positioned at pressure controlled valve on raw gas outlet pipe downstream line and controls vapourizing furnace;
The differential pressure of coming control linkage pipe nipple and vapourizing furnace by air input and the air inlet proportioning of the valve switch on the blow-down pipe that is positioned at connecting short section, burner and air endless tube, the deslagging of slag-drip opening and holder slag operation;
The shock chamber of use between connecting short section and slag lock, come Quench and cooling slag by the water in shock chamber, forms glassiness solid impurity particle;
Use is positioned at water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe in shock chamber and the rising pipe of connecting short section and controls water cycle to remove the heat of slag, makes the slag temperature drop low;
The slag lock that use is positioned under shock chamber stores solid impurity particle, and the cone valve of locking by slag is discharged vitreous solid impurity particle out-of-bounds.
9. the working method of pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described pressurized gasification container comprises: coal inlet, raw gas outlet, nozzle, slag bath and slag-drip opening, wherein said coal inlet is positioned at the top of described pressurized gasification container, described raw gas outlet is positioned at the top of described pressurized gasification container, described nozzle is evenly distributed on the same horizontal plane on described slag bath top, described slag bath is positioned at the bottom of described pressurized gasification container, and described slag-drip opening is connected to the bottom of described pressurized gasification container with flange.
10. the working method of pressurization static bed slag gasification furnace according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described connecting short section comprises guard shield, burner, air endless tube and the water inlet pipe be arranged on wherein, wherein said guard shield is arranged under described slag-drip opening and lower end is immersed in the water, described burner and described air endless tube are all ringwise, be arranged on from inside to outside around the slag-drip opening on described guard shield top, water inlet pipe is communicated with the chilling ring in connecting short section, is arranged on the middle and upper part of connecting short section.
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