CN103429857A

CN103429857A - Gas exchange valve arrangement and cylinder head

Info

Publication number: CN103429857A
Application number: CN2012800074697A
Authority: CN
Inventors: S·霍斯特曼; H·妮娜斯; 马格努斯·松德斯滕
Original assignee: Wartsila Finland Oy
Current assignee: Wartsila Finland Oy
Priority date: 2011-02-02
Filing date: 2012-01-30
Publication date: 2013-12-04
Anticipated expiration: 2032-01-30
Also published as: FI20115102A; CN103429857B; FI123409B; WO2012104482A1; EP2670957B1; KR20140007886A; KR101681363B1; EP2670957A1; FI20115102A0

Abstract

A gas exchange valve arrangement for a supercharged internal combustion engine, which arrangement comprises a gas exchange valve (1) having a valve head (2) and a valve stem (3) connected to the valve head (2), the arrangement further comprising a valve spring (4) being arranged around the valve stem (3) for creating a force for closing the valve (1), a chamber (5) being arranged around the valve stem (3), and thrust means (6, 19) being attached to the valve stem (3) and being movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the valve stem (3) together with the gas exchange valve (1). The arrangement comprises means (7, 14) for introducing pressurized charge from an air intake duct (10) of the engine air into the chamber (5) between the thrust means (6, 19) and the inner end of the chamber (5) for assisting in keeping the valve (1) closed. The invention also concerns a cylinder head (9).

Description

Gas exchange valve device and cylinder head

Technical field

The present invention relates to the device of the gas exchange valve for boosting explosive motor that preamble as claimed in claim 1 limits.The invention still further relates to the cylinder head as described in the preamble as claim 14.

Background technique

In the compression-ignition, internal combustion engine of prior art, use very high suction pressure to obtain better fuel efficiency.A kind of is to use two-stage turbocharging for the practical approach that obtains high suction pressure, and wherein, two turbosupercharger are connected in series.Adopt two-stage turbocharging can obtain the suction pressure in ten Palestine and Israels.Advantageously, high suction pressure attends by the Miller timing, and wherein, during aspirating stroke, suction valve cut out before lower dead center.The Miller timing has reduced the temperature cylinder between main combustion period and has contributed to obtain lower NOx discharge.Because all gas crossover valve is cutting out when piston is also moving down, so the cylinder pressure when charging stage finishes may be starkly lower than the pressure in admission line.The problem that the large pressure reduction of suction valve both sides brings is that for designed the standard valve spring than small pressure difference, and suction valve is tending towards opening.Outlet valve is encountered same problem.Because high suction pressure has also improved the pressure in the gas exhaust manifold, just need larger power with when the charging stage finishes and compression stage maintenance exhaust valve closure while starting.A kind of obvious scheme addressed this problem can be to use the larger valve spring of rigidity naturally.Yet this is in the situation that cylinder head not to be carried out to key technological transformation normally impossible.Under many circumstances, redesign cylinder head and can hold the required more big spring of large pressure reduction for bearing the gas exchange valve both sides, be very difficult or or even impossible.

A kind of selection that reduces the power that valve spring need to bear is to assist conventional mechanical spring with pneumatic spring.

Patent documentation US6745738B1 discloses a kind of valve spring device, and it carrys out the bias voltage gas exchange valve with pressurization gas.This device comprises dynamic housing, and it has chamber, can in this chamber, transmit pressurization gas, thereby dynamic housing leaves static housing and mobile connected valve.This device is used independent pressure source and enters and leave the control apparatus of the pressurization gas flow of dynamic chamber for control.

Patent documentation US5988124A discloses a kind of Electromagnetically actuated cylinder valve with pneumatic Returnning spring.Open and close valve by electromagnetic actuators.Need control apparatus to operate air spring.This device also comprises mechanical spring, at air spring cut-off valve during in decompression state.

Patent application GB2326444A discloses another kind of electric actuation gas exchange valve.This system can also be used the mechanical spring for cut-off valve when pneumatosphere equipment does not activated.And this system needs control apparatus and independent compressor for regulating the pressure of air spring.

In above-mentioned document, do not have in one piece of document, pneumatic spring is intended for the Aided Machine spring, and they are just for the valve timing.Mechanical spring provides for cut-off valve when pneumatic spring reduces pressure.All disclosed systems all regulate with external pressurization gas source and control apparatus the air-flow that enters air spring.This makes system complex and easily breaks down.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of improved gas exchange valve device for boosting explosive motor.Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of improved cylinder head.According to the special characteristic of device of the present invention, at the characteristic of claim 1, provide.According to the special characteristic of cylinder head of the present invention, at the characteristic of claim 14, provide.

According to the present invention, disclose a kind of device of the gas exchange valve for boosting explosive motor, it comprises gas exchange valve and valve spring, and described gas exchange valve has valve head and is connected to the valve rod of this valve head, described valve spring is arranged around valve rod, for generation of the power of cut-off valve.Described device also comprises chamber and thrust devices, and described chamber arranges around described valve rod, and described thrust devices is attached to described valve rod and can moves together with described gas exchange valve along the y direction of valve rod.Described device also comprises air inlet is incorporated into to the equipment in described chamber, and this equipment is closed with help maintenance gas exchange valve for the chamber that super charge is incorporated between thrust devices and chamber the inner from the admission line of motor.

According to the present invention, a kind of cylinder head for explosive motor is disclosed, described motor comprises outlet valve, valve spring, chamber and thrust devices, described outlet valve has valve head and is connected to the valve rod of this valve head, described valve spring is arranged around described valve rod, for generation of the power of closing described outlet valve, described chamber is arranged around described valve rod, described thrust devices is attached to described valve rod and can moves together with described outlet valve along the y direction of described valve rod, described cylinder head comprises perforation, this perforation is for being incorporated into described chamber between the inner of described thrust devices and described chamber to super charge to help the described exhaust valve closure of maintenance from the admission line of described motor.

The present invention has many advantages.Because the super charge from admission line is used for helping maintaining valve to close, so, even very high suction pressure is arranged, also can prevent from being leaked to cylinder from admission line and exhaust duct.This device is very compact, even and also applicable to existing cylinder head, only need to carry out slight transformation and get final product.Because the air inlet from admission line is closed for maintaining valve, therefore do not need the auxiliary system for pressurized air.Do not need firmer steel spring yet, and can the Application standard spring.This device or automatic adjusting.When using higher suction pressure, need larger power to keep gas exchange valve to close, and, in device of the present invention, this larger power is automatically to produce.Similarly, when time of engine low load is moved, the power that stops valve to be opened is less, and the friction in camshaft and rocker bearing is minimized.Because this device also is provided with the standard spring, so the startup of motor is no problem.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, comprise aperture in chamber and the perforation in cylinder head for the equipment that air inlet is incorporated into to chamber.If air inlet is introduced in chamber via the perforation in cylinder head, just do not need the extra ducts on cylinder head.According to the embodiment of the present invention, during this perforation is arranged in cylinder head between chamber and admission line.This is air inlet to be introduced to the simplest path of chamber.This perforation also can be provided with safety check.This cylinder head also can be provided with the second perforation, for air inlet being emitted to this chamber.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, this thrust devices is the thrust plate be arranged in this chamber.This layout relatively easily provides good sealability, and thrust plate also can serve as valve rotator.Another substitutes is that thrust devices is the lid that becomes the part of this chamber.

The further feature of embodiment of the present invention provides in the dependent claims.

The accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 shows the cross sectional view of the cylinder head of explosive motor, and this explosive motor has gas exchange valve device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 shows the cross sectional view of the cylinder head of another mode of execution according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 shows the cross sectional view according to the cylinder head of third embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 4 shows the cross sectional view according to the cylinder head of four embodiment of the invention.

Embodiment

Referring now to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail.

Figure 1 shows that the simplification sectional drawing of the cylinder head 9 of large-scale compression igniting explosive motor, this explosive motor can be master motor or the auxiliary engine of for example ship or can be used for the explosive motor in power station.Yet the invention is not restricted to compression ignition engine, and can be used for spark ignition engine equally.Motor is pressurized to obtain high suction pressure.For example, can use two turbosupercharger that are connected in series, each turbosupercharger comprises turbo machine and compressor.Single cylinder 12 only is shown, and still, motor can comprise a plurality of cylinders 12, and each cylinder is equipped with its oneself cylinder head 9.Cylinder 12 can be arranged to for example in-line arrangement or V-type.Admission line 10 and exhaust duct 11 are through cylinder head 9, and admission line is introduced cylinder 12 to super charge, and exhaust duct is derived cylinder 12 to exhaust.The part that admission line 10 and exhaust duct 11 are positioned at cylinder head 9 only is shown in Fig. 1.Yet admission line 10 and exhaust duct 11 continue and are connected respectively to compressor and the turbo machine of turbosupercharger in the outside of cylinder head 9.Admission line 10 is equipped with suction valve 1a, and exhaust duct 11 is equipped with outlet valve 1b.Suction valve 1a is called gas exchange valve 1 together with outlet valve 1b.The parts relevant to suction valve 1a in the drawings in order to " a " ending reference character mean, the parts relevant to outlet valve 1b in the drawings in order to " b " ending reference character mean.In specification and claims, same or analogous parts also may all use ending not mean with the reference character of any letter.

Motor comprises two suction valve 1a and two outlet valve 1b, still, only can see each one in these two kinds of valves in Fig. 1.Certainly, the number of gas exchange valve 1 also can be different.Gas exchange valve 1 comprises valve head 2 and valve rod 3.When gas exchange valve 1 is closed, it and valve seat 13 form fluid-tight engagement.Valve rod 3 is connected to valve head 2, and needs this valve rod mobile gas crossover valve 1 in complex way, thereby open and close cylinder 12, with the fluid between admission line 10 or exhaust duct 11, is connected.Cylinder head 9 is provided with valve guide 15, for locating gas crossover valve 1.Traditional cam mechanism with push rod and rocking arm (not shown) is for opening gas exchange valve 1.

Each gas exchange valve 1 is equipped with spring 4, and this spring produces the power towards the direction away from cylinder 12.This power is tended to cut-off valve 1 and is kept it to close.In the mode of execution of Fig. 1, also for each gas exchange valve is provided with the second spring 8, with for increasing this closing force.

Chamber 5 is arranged around the bar 3 of each gas exchange valve 1.In the mode of execution of Fig. 1, chamber 5 parts are in the inside of cylinder head 9, and part thereon.Spring 4,8 is arranged in the inside of chamber 5.Be attached in addition the thrust plate 6 of valve rod 3 in the inside of chamber 5.Chamber 5 is equipped with aperture 7, for the super charge from admission line 10, introduces chamber 5.Aperture 7 is positioned at the inner of chamber 5, namely is positioned at that end of the more close cylinder 12 of chamber 5.Therefore, air inlet can be introduced in the inner and the chamber 5 between thrust plate 6 of chamber 5.

Thrust plate 6 can vertically moving along valve rod 3 together with whole gas exchange valve 1.The wall close contact of thrust plate 6 and chamber 5, thus the obvious air-flow of thrust plate 6 can not appear flowing through.When gas exchange valve 1 is closed, the outer end of thrust plate 6 in chamber 5.Because the pressure in admission line 10 is high due to air intake pressurized, so the air inlet of introducing in chamber 5 upwards promotes thrust plate 6 and helps to keep gas exchange valve 1 to close.Thrust plate 6 also serves as valve rotator, and rotates a little gas exchange valve 1 when valve 1 cuts out.

In the mode of execution of Fig. 1, between admission line 10 and the chamber 5a relevant to suction valve 1a, be provided with perforation 14a in cylinder head 9.Air inlet is introduced into chamber 5a by perforation 14a.When suction valve 1a closes, the pressure of end face of valve head 2a that acts on suction valve 1a is identical with the pressure on acting on thrust plate 6a.The power that acts on the pressure generation on valve head 2a promotes suction valve 1a towards cylinder 12.Because the area of valve head 2a approaches the area of thrust plate 6a, so reverse power cancels each other out to a great extent, and the power that

spring

4a, 8a produce is enough to keep suction valve 1a to close.

Air inlet is introduced in the chamber 5b relevant to outlet valve 1b via the perforation in cylinder head 9.Not shown this perforation in Fig. 1.From the exhaust of exhaust duct 11 due to high temperature and cigarette ash and can not use.The working principle of device that is applicable to outlet valve 1b is the same with the working principle of suction valve 1a.Low in pressure ratio admission line 10 in exhaust duct 11, but magnitude is identical.Therefore, act on the end face of valve head 2b of outlet valve 1b and the power on thrust plate 6b and cancel each other out to a great extent, and the power that spring 4b, 8b produce is enough to keep outlet valve 1b to close.

This device is automatically to regulate, in the air inlet side, on two surfaces of identical pressure-acting but opposite direction almost equal in size.Therefore, the power that this pressure produces cancels each other out to a great extent.At exhaust side, different pressure produces reverse power, still, even like that, they are also associated with each other.Along with the pressure in admission line 10 raises, the pressure in exhaust duct 11 also raises, and the power that these pressure produce cancels each other out at least in part.

Fig. 2 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention.Suction valve 1a, 1a ' only are shown in figure.The main distinction between the mode of execution of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is, in the mode of execution of Fig. 2, it is outer that

spring

4a, 4a ' are arranged in

chamber

5a, 5a '.

Independent perforation

14a, 14a ' is arranged between admission line 10 and

chamber

5a, 5a ', for air inlet is introduced to

chamber

5a, 5a '.The advantage of this mode of execution is that spring force does not point to thrust

plate

6a, 6a ', and valve rotates better.Another advantage is that

spring

4a, 4a ' can be arranged in oil sump.

In the mode of execution of Fig. 3, via the perforation 14a ' between

chamber

5a, 5a ', air inlet is introduced to the chamber 5a relevant with the second suction valve 1a ' from the chamber 5a relevant to the first suction valve 1a and moan.In this embodiment,

valve spring

4a, 4a ' are positioned at

chamber

5a, 5a '.Yet

spring

4a, 4a ' are not supported on thrust plate 6a, the 6a ' that serves as valve rotator.But

spring

4a, 4a ' are supported on band of

column

16a, 16a '.Therefore, the power applied towards

valve rotator

6a, 6a ' is less, thereby guarantees to work better.

In the mode of execution of Fig. 4,

chamber

5a, 5a ' inside do not have

thrust plate

6a, 6a '.But, the outer end of

chamber

5a, 5b, that is, those ends away from cylinder 12 of

chamber

5a, 5b, form and

cover

19a, 19b, and these

lids

19a, 19b serve as thrust devices 6,19.

Lid

19a, 19b are attached to valve rod 3a, the 3b of gas exchange valve 1a, 1b, and seal the inside wall of chamber 5a, 5b.Therefore lid 19 forms the part of chamber 5a, 5b.The inner of

chamber

5a, 5b is formed in cylinder head 9.Be provided with

safety check

17a, 17b for perforation 14a, the 14b that air inlet is introduced to

chamber

5a, 5b, these safety check stop inlet stream to be got back in admission line 10.The second perforation 18a, 18b is arranged in cylinder head 9, between

chamber

5a, 5b and exhaust duct 11, for when gas exchange valve 1a, 1b open, air inlet being emitted to chamber 5a, 5b.The mode of execution of Fig. 4 is according to the principle work with identical at front mode of execution.

Within the scope of the appended claims, much remodeling of the present invention is all possible.For example, chamber can be arranged on cylinder head fully.Not to introduce air inlet in chamber via the perforation in cylinder head, but can arrange independent pipeline for this reason.In that case, this device also can comprise the pressure for controlling chamber equipment and/or for before being introduced into chamber in air inlet the storage air inlet gas holder.The chamber that can also be connected the air inlet introducing with outlet valve via outside tube or flexible pipe from the chamber be connected with suction valve.

Claims

1. the device of the gas exchange valve for boosting explosive motor, this device comprises outlet valve (1b), this outlet valve (1b) has valve head (2) and is connected to the valve rod (3) of this valve head (2), described device also comprises valve spring (4), chamber (5) and thrust devices (6, 19), described valve spring (4) is arranged around described valve rod (3), for generation of the power of closing described outlet valve (1b), described chamber (5) is arranged around described valve rod (3), described thrust devices (6, 19) be attached to described valve rod (3) and can move together with described outlet valve (1b) along the y direction of described valve rod (3), described gas exchange valve device is characterised in that, this device also comprises air inlet is incorporated into to the equipment (7 in described chamber (5), 14), this equipment (7, 14) for super charge is incorporated into and is positioned at described thrust devices (6 from the admission line (10) of described motor, 19) and in the described chamber (5) between the inner of described chamber (5) with help, keep described outlet valve (1b) to close.

2. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly air inlet is incorporated into to equipment in described chamber (5) comprises aperture (7) in described chamber (5) and the perforation (14) in cylinder head (9).

3. device as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described perforation (14) is arranged in described cylinder head (9), is positioned between described chamber (5) and described admission line (10).

4. install as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterized in that, described perforation (14) is provided with safety check (17).

5. device as described as any one in claim 2 to 4, is characterized in that, described cylinder head (9) is provided with for air inlet being emitted to the second perforation (18) of described chamber (5).

6. device as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described the second perforation (18) is arranged between described chamber (5) and exhaust duct (11).

7. as the described device of any one in aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, described thrust devices (6,19) is the thrust plate (6) be arranged in described chamber (5).

8. device as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, described thrust plate (6) serves as valve rotator.

9. device as described as any one in claim 1 to 6, is characterized in that, described thrust devices (6,19) is the lid (19) that forms the part of described chamber (5).

10. as the described device of any one in aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, described chamber (5) is arranged in cylinder head (9) at least in part.

11. the described device of any one as in aforementioned claim is characterized in that described valve spring (4) is arranged in described chamber (5).

12. the described device of any one as in aforementioned claim is characterized in that described air inlet is incorporated into the chamber (5b) relevant with outlet valve (1b) by the chamber (5a) from relevant to suction valve (1a).

13. device as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that, described air inlet is introduced in the described chamber (5b) relevant to outlet valve (1b) via the perforation in cylinder head (9).

14. the cylinder head for explosive motor (9), described motor comprises outlet valve (1b), valve spring (4), chamber (5) and thrust devices (6, 19), described outlet valve (1b) has valve head (2) and is connected to the valve rod (3) of this valve head (2), described valve spring (4) is arranged around described valve rod (3), for generation of the power of closing described outlet valve (1b), described chamber (5) is arranged around described valve rod (3), described thrust devices (6, 19) be attached to described valve rod (3) and can move together with described outlet valve (1b) along the y direction of described valve rod (3), described cylinder head is characterised in that, described cylinder head comprises perforation (14), this perforation (14) is for being incorporated into super charge to be positioned at described thrust devices (6 from the admission line (10) of described motor, 6 ') and in the described chamber (5) between the inner of described chamber (5) with help, keep described outlet valve (1b) to close.

15. cylinder head as claimed in claim 14, is characterized in that, described cylinder head (9) comprises for air inlet being emitted to the second perforation (18) of described chamber (5).