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CN103403031A - 聚轮烷组合物 - Google Patents

聚轮烷组合物 Download PDF

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CN103403031A
CN103403031A CN2011800690270A CN201180069027A CN103403031A CN 103403031 A CN103403031 A CN 103403031A CN 2011800690270 A CN2011800690270 A CN 2011800690270A CN 201180069027 A CN201180069027 A CN 201180069027A CN 103403031 A CN103403031 A CN 103403031A
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rotaxane
poly
cyclodextrin
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CN103403031B (zh
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山崎智朗
冈崎慎哉
冈崎宏纪
滨本茂生
赵长明
岩田实
林佑树
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Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co Ltd
ASM Inc
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Advanced Softmaterials Inc
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供保存稳定性优异的聚轮烷组合物。本发明为聚轮烷组合物,其含有聚轮烷和多元酚类抗氧化剂,所述聚轮烷具有环糊精、聚乙二醇和封端基团,所述聚乙二醇以穿串状被所述环糊精包接,所述封端基团配置在所述聚乙二醇的两个末端来防止所述环糊精脱离。

Description

聚轮烷组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及聚轮烷组合物。
背景技术
近年来提出了一种“滑动环凝胶”,其是无法被分类为物理凝胶或化学凝胶中任一种的新种类的凝胶,而交联聚轮烷作为用于这样的滑动环凝胶的化合物而备受人们的关注。
对于交联聚轮烷来说,可以通过对多个在准聚轮烷的两末端导入了封端基团的聚轮烷进行交联而得到。例如,在准聚轮烷由在两个末端具有反应性基团的聚乙二醇(以下也称为“PEG”)和包接该PEG的环糊精构成的情况下,对于所得到的交联聚轮烷来说,在PEG的直链分子上呈穿串状被贯通的环糊精可以沿着该直链分子移动(滑轮效应),因此即使对其施加张力也可以由于滑轮效应而使该张力均匀分散。因此,交联聚轮烷具有难以产生裂纹或伤痕等以往的交联聚合物所没有的优异特性。
用于制造交联聚轮烷的聚轮烷中通常含有游离的环糊精(以下也称“游离环糊精”),而该游离环糊精会使交联聚轮烷的特性变差,因此需要通过再沉淀法等进行纯化来除去游离环糊精。
专利文献1中公开了一种聚轮烷的制造方法,其通过将羧基化聚乙二醇和环糊精分子进行混合,所述羧基化聚乙二醇以穿串状包接在环糊精分子的开口部而得到准聚轮烷,利用封端基团对所述准聚轮烷的两个末端进行封端从而得到所述聚轮烷。
在专利文献1中公开的制造方法中,利用如下方法进行纯化从而除去了使交联聚轮烷特性下降的游离环糊精:将所得到的聚轮烷利用二甲基甲酰胺/甲醇的混合溶剂进行了清洗,然后溶解于二甲基亚砜中,将该溶液滴入水中以使聚轮烷析出,通过离心分离进行固液分离。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2005-154675号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
如上所述进行纯化而除去了游离环糊精的聚轮烷在其刚制造出不久时是适合作为交联聚轮烷的原料的,但是在其保存的过程中,聚轮烷随着时间的推移而发生分解,环糊精有时会产生游离。
在聚轮烷的制造中,即使除去了游离环糊精,在将保存过程中产生了游离环糊精的聚轮烷用作交联聚轮烷的原料时,交联聚轮烷的特性变差。因此,如果想要有效地表现出交联聚轮烷的特性,在用作交联聚轮烷的原料之前需要进行再纯化等而导致变得繁琐,因此期望有保存稳定性优异而能抑制环糊精的游离的聚轮烷。
本发明的目的在于解决上述课题,提供保存稳定性优异的聚轮烷组合物。
用于解决问题的手段
本发明为聚轮烷组合物,其含有聚轮烷和多元酚类抗氧化剂,所述聚轮烷具有环糊精、聚乙二醇和封端基团,所述聚乙二醇以穿串状被所述环糊精包接,所述封端基团配置在所述聚乙二醇的两个末端来防止所述环糊精脱离。
以下详细描述本发明。
本发明人发现,通过向聚轮烷添加多元酚类抗氧化剂,可以得到具有优异的保存稳定性的聚轮烷组合物,其保存中环糊精的游离少,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的聚轮烷组合物含有聚轮烷,所述聚轮烷具有环糊精、聚乙二醇和封端基团,所述聚乙二醇以穿串状被所述环糊精包接,所述封端基团配置在所述聚乙二醇的两个末端来防止所述环糊精脱离。
聚轮烷通常如下得到:将环糊精和PEG混合,制成上述PEG以穿串状包接在环糊精分子的开口部而成的准聚轮烷,利用封端基团对上述准聚轮烷的两个末端进行封端,按照环糊精不会脱离穿串状态的方式进行制备,从而得到聚轮烷。
在本发明的聚轮烷组合物中,上述PEG的重均分子量优选为1000~500000,更优选为10000~300000,进一步优选为10000~100000。若上述PEG的重均分子量低于1000,则有时所得到的交联聚轮烷的特性较差。若上述PEG的重均分子量超过500000,则聚轮烷的保存稳定性有时会下降。
需要说明的是,在本说明书中,上述重均分子量是以凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)进行测定,通过PEG换算而求得的值。作为利用GPC测定按PEG换算的重均分子量时的色谱柱,可以举出例如TSKgel SuperAWM-H(TOSOH公司制)等。
上述PEG优选在其两个末端具有反应性基团。对于上述PEG的两个末端,可以利用以往公知的方法导入反应性基团。
上述PEG的两个末端上具有的反应性基团可以根据所采用的封端基团的种类进行适当的变更,没有特别的限定,可以举出羟基、氨基、羧基、硫醇基等,特别优选羧基。作为向上述PEG的两个末端导入羧基的方法,可以举出例如使用TEMPO(2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶氧自由基)和次氯酸钠来氧化PEG的两个末端的方法等。
作为上述环糊精,可以举出例如α-环糊精、β-环糊精、γ-环糊精及它们的衍生物等。其中优选为选自由α-环糊精、β-环糊精和γ-环糊精组成的组中的至少一种。从包接性的观点出发,更优选为α-环糊精。对于上述环糊精来说,既可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用2种以上。
上述聚轮烷的包接率也取决于其用途和使用目的,但优选为6%~60%。若聚轮烷的包接率低于6%,则所得到的交联聚轮烷有时表现不出滑轮效应。若聚轮烷的包接率超过60%,则作为环状分子的环糊精的配置过于密集而导致有时环糊精的可动性下降。为了使环糊精具有适度的可动性、使所得到的交联聚轮烷中表现出良好的滑轮效应,上述聚轮烷的包接率更优选为15%~40%,进一步优选为20%~30%。
需要说明的是,在本说明书中所述包接率是指,包接了PEG的环糊精的包接量相对于环糊精对PEG的最大包接量的比例,其可以通过改变PEG和环糊精的混合比、水性介质的种类等来任意地进行调整。另外,所述最大包接量是指形成由1个环糊精对PEG链中的2个重复单元进行包接而成的最密包接状态时的环糊精的个数。
上述聚轮烷的包接率可以通过1H-NMR来测定。具体来说,可以将聚轮烷溶解在DMSO-d6中,利用NMR测定装置(VARIAN TECHNOLOGIES JAPAN公司制造的“VARIAN Mercury-400BB”)来进行测定,并且上述包接率可以通过对来源于4ppm~6ppm的环糊精的积分值和3ppm~4ppm的环糊精及PEG的积分值进行比较而算出。
作为本发明的聚轮烷组合物中的多元酚类抗氧化剂,可以举出例如儿茶素、表儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素、鞣酸、没食子酸鞣质、鞣花单宁(ellagitannin)、咖啡酸、二氢咖啡酸、绿原酸、异绿原酸、龙胆酸、尿黑酸、没食子酸、鞣花酸、迷迭香酸、芸香苷、槲皮素、槲皮万寿菊素(quercetagin)、槲皮万寿菊素(quercetagetin)、棉花皮素(gossypetin)、花色素苷(anthocyanin)、白花色苷(leucoanthocyanin)、原花色素(proanthocyanidin)、葡萄皮色素(enocyanin)等。其中,为了在长期的保存稳定性方面体现出高的稳定化效果,更优选为选自由迷迭香酸、没食子酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯组成的组中的至少1种。
对于这些多元酚类抗氧化剂来说,既可以单独使用,也可以组合2种以上来使用。
进一步,上述多元酚类抗氧化剂为植物中广泛含有的天然化合物,因此具有对人体的安全性高的优良特征。因此,本发明的聚轮烷组合物含有多元酚类抗氧化剂作为抗氧化剂,从而不仅具有了高的保存稳定性,还可以在化妆品、生物材料等直接作用于人体的用途中用作具备优异的品质稳定性和安全性的材料。另外,多元酚类抗氧化剂的抗菌效果也优异,并且在应用了交联聚轮烷的最终产品的抗菌效果方面也值得期待。
在本发明的聚轮烷组合物中,相对于聚轮烷,所述多元酚类抗氧化剂的含量优选为0.001重量%~5重量%,更优选为0.005重量%~2重量%,进一步优选为0.01重量%~1重量%。若所述多元酚类抗氧化剂的含量低于0.001重量%,则有时观察不到提高保存稳定性的效果。所述多元酚类抗氧化剂的含量即使超过5重量%,也得不到更好的效果,因而是不经济的。
对于制备本发明的聚轮烷组合物的方法没有特别的限定,但在得到干燥的固体状聚轮烷组合物时,由于可以得到保存稳定性优异的聚轮烷组合物而优选如下方法:为了使聚轮烷和多元酚类抗氧化剂均匀混合,在溶剂中投入聚轮烷和多元酚类抗氧化剂,进行搅拌混合,从而制备了含有聚轮烷、多元酚类抗氧化剂和溶剂的混合液,并对该混合液进行干燥;由于可以得到保存稳定性更加优异的聚轮烷组合物而更优选如下方法:对聚轮烷、多元酚类抗氧化剂中至少1种溶解于溶剂中的混合液进行干燥。
在含有聚轮烷、多元酚类抗氧化剂和溶剂的混合液的制备中,包接PEG的环糊精未被改性基团等所改性时,作为可以用于至少使聚轮烷溶解的情况下的溶剂,可以举出MDSO、碱性水溶液等。
另外,在含有聚轮烷、多元酚类抗氧化剂和溶剂的混合液的制备中,在多元酚类抗氧化剂不溶于溶剂时,通过事先将它们制成微细颗粒来进行混合,可以得到保存稳定性更加优异的聚轮烷组合物。将多元酚类抗氧化剂制成微细颗粒的方法可以使用以往公知的方法,例如可以举出球磨、针磨等利用粉碎机进行的机械性粉碎、利用晶析等进行的微细化等。
将上述多元酚类抗氧化剂制成微细颗粒的情况下,上述多元酚类抗氧化剂的体积平均粒径优选为0.01μm~100μm,更优选为0.1μm~30μm,进一步优选为0.1μm~10μm。使上述多元酚类抗氧化剂的体积平均粒径小于0.01μm的情况下,不仅难以通过粉碎或晶析进行调整,而且没有进一步提高保存稳定性的效果。上述多元酚类抗氧化剂的体积平均粒径超过100μm的情况下,有时无法均匀分散在所得到的聚轮烷组合物中,提高保存稳定性的效果变差。
需要说明的是,上述多元酚类抗氧化剂的体积平均粒径可以通过激光衍射式粒度分布测定装置进行测定。
作为对含有聚轮烷、多元酚类抗氧化剂和溶剂的混合液进行干燥的方法,可以使用减压干燥、冷冻干燥等以往公知的方法。
上述干燥中的干燥温度因所使用的干燥装置等而不同,例如在使用了盘架式(棚段式)减压干燥机的情况下,为了抑制会诱发聚轮烷分解的自由基的产生,干燥温度优选为20℃~100℃,更优选为40℃~90℃,进一步优选为40℃~80℃。若上述干燥温度小于20℃,则有时干燥变得不充分。若上述干燥温度超过100℃,则聚轮烷有可能发生分解,包接率下降。
对于上述干燥中的体系压力没有特别的限定,通常在接近大气压的压力下进行干燥。另外,也可以在减压的条件下进行干燥,并且优选在大气压以下的压力下进行干燥。
发明效果
根据本发明,可以提供保存稳定性优异的聚轮烷组合物。
具体实施方式
以下举出实施例,进一步对本发明进行详细说明,但本发明不仅限于这些实施例。以下,关于对PEG进行氧化来制造两个末端具有羧基的PEG的方法,参考国际公开第05/052026号小册子所述的方法进行。
(实施例1)
(1)利用TEMPO对PEG进行氧化来制备两个末端具有羧基的PEG
在容量为20L的反应槽内,加入10L水,使PEG(分子量为35000)1kg、TEMPO(2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶氧自由基)10g、溴化钠100g溶解于其中。接着,添加500ml市售的次氯酸钠水溶液(有效氯浓度为5重量%),在室温下搅拌30分钟。为了使多余的次氯酸钠分解,添加500ml乙醇从而使反应终止。重复进行3次使用5L二氯甲烷的分液萃取,提取出无机盐以外的成分后,利用减压蒸馏除去二氯甲烷,从而得到1kg两个末端具有羧基的PEG。
(2)使用两个末端具有羧基的PEG和α-环糊精制备准聚轮烷水性分散体
在1kg所制备的两个末端具有羧基的PEG中加入35L水,进一步加入4kg的α-环糊精,加热至70℃并使其溶解。在搅拌下冷却至4℃,从而得到了以乳液状析出的准聚轮烷水性分散体。
(3)准聚轮烷水性分散体的干燥
使用喷雾干燥装置对所制备的40kg准聚轮烷分散体进行干燥,从而得到了4.7kg粉末状的干燥体。需要说明的是,干燥机气流入口温度为165℃、出口温度为90℃。
(4)使用金刚烷胺和BOP试剂的反应体系对准聚轮烷进行封端
在容量为50L的烧瓶内,在室温将45g金刚烷胺溶解于17L二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,并将其添加至所得到的4.7kg准聚轮烷中,然后立即进行充分搅拌。
接着,添加将130g BOP试剂(苯并三氮唑-1-基-氧基三(二甲基氨基)磷鎓六氟磷酸盐)溶解于8L DMF中而得到的溶液,并立即进行了充分搅拌。
进一步添加将50ml二异丙基乙胺溶解于8L的DMF中而得到的溶液,将所得到的混合液在常温下搅拌一个晚上。
对所得到的混合液进行过滤后,向所得到的残渣中加入30kg水并在搅拌下升温至70℃,在相同温度下搅拌60分钟,再次进行过滤。
(5)聚轮烷组合物的制备
向所得到的残渣中添加300g的0.1重量%的迷迭香酸(迷迭香提取物、三菱化学食品株式会社制造的“RM-21A base”)水溶液(迷迭香酸为聚轮烷的0.01重量%)作为多元酚类抗氧化剂并进行充分的混合,从而制成了含有聚轮烷、迷迭香酸和水的混合液。使用减压干燥机在60℃对所得到的混合液进行16个小时的减压干燥,从而得到了3kg聚轮烷组合物。通过高效液相色谱仪(Waters公司制造的“Alliance2695”)对所得到的聚轮烷的游离环糊精的含有率进行了测定,结果为8重量%。
(实施例2)
在“(5)聚轮烷组合物的制备”中,使迷迭香酸水溶液的浓度为0.5重量%(迷迭香酸为聚轮烷的0.05重量%),除此以外与实施例1同样地得到了3kg聚轮烷组合物。与实施例1同样地进行了测定,所得到的聚轮烷的游离环糊精的含有率为8重量%。
(实施例3)
在“(5)聚轮烷组合物的制备”中,加入了300g的1重量%的没食子酸水溶液(没食子酸为聚轮烷的0.1重量%)来代替300g的0.1重量%的迷迭香酸水溶液作为多元酚类抗氧化剂,除此以外与实施例1同样地得到了3kg聚轮烷组合物。与实施例1同样地进行了测定,所得到的聚轮烷的游离环糊精的含有率为8重量%。
(实施例4)
在“(5)聚轮烷组合物的制备”中,加入了300g儿茶素含量为5%的茶提取物(日本叶绿素株式会社制造、“カテキングS”)的1重量%水溶液(儿茶素为聚轮烷的0.005重量%)来代替300g的0.1重量%的迷迭香酸水溶液作为多元酚类抗氧化剂,除此以外与实施例1同样地得到了3kg聚轮烷组合物。与实施例1同样地进行了测定,所得到的聚轮烷的游离环糊精的含有率为8重量%。
(比较例1)
在“(5)聚轮烷组合物的制备”中,未添加0.1重量%的迷迭香酸水溶液,除此以外进行与实施例1同样的操作,得到了聚轮烷。与实施例1同样地进行了测定,所得到的聚轮烷的游离环糊精的含有率为8重量%。
<评价>
将实施例中所得到的聚轮烷组合物和比较例中得到的聚轮烷保管于40℃的恒温槽内,通过高效液相色谱仪(Waters公司制造的“Alliance2695”)测定了第30天和第120天的游离环糊精含有率。将其结果与刚制作后不久的结果一同列于表1中。
[表1]
工业实用性
根据本发明,可以提供保存稳定性优异的聚轮烷组合物。

Claims (6)

1.一种聚轮烷组合物,其特征在于,其含有聚轮烷和多元酚类抗氧化剂,所述聚轮烷具有环糊精、聚乙二醇和封端基团,所述聚乙二醇以穿串状被所述环糊精包接,所述封端基团配置在所述聚乙二醇的两个末端来防止所述环糊精脱离。
2.如权利要求1所述的聚轮烷组合物,其中,所述聚乙二醇的分子量为1000~500000。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的聚轮烷组合物,其中,所述环糊精为选自由α-环糊精、β-环糊精和γ-环糊精组成的组中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的聚轮烷组合物,其中,所述聚轮烷的包接率为6%~60%。
5.如权利要求1、2、3或4所述的聚轮烷组合物,其中,所述多元酚类抗氧化剂的含量为聚轮烷的0.001重量%~5重量%。
6.如权利要求1、2、3、4或5所述的聚轮烷组合物,其中,所述多元酚类抗氧化剂为选自由迷迭香酸、没食子酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯组成的组中的至少1种。
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