CN103392472A - Method for planting panax notoginseng under forest - Google Patents
Method for planting panax notoginseng under forest Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for planting panax notoginseng under a forest. The method comprises a series of wild nurturing methods including reasonable selection of lands under the forest, a bionic bunch planting natural seed dropping breeding technology, forest land clearing before planting, wild nurturing management reducing human intervention after the planting, disease prevention and pest control by means of living organisms and the like. The method for planting the panax notoginseng under the forest has the advantages that an ecological environment suitable for the growth and development of the panax notoginseng is created manually, the production and management mode of panax notoginseng production and forestry development is optimized, the recovery of wild resources of the panax notoginseng is accelerated, the quality of medicinal materials made of the panax notoginseng is improved, the output of wild panax notoginseng products is increased, and market requirements are met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of traditional Chinese medicine implantation methods, specifically the implantation methods of a kind of sylvan life pseudo-ginseng.
Background technology
Pseudo-ginseng is the important drug resource of Panax, is one of artificial planting species early in panax species.Pseudo-ginseng is the negative herbaceous plant that originates under the subtropics Middle-mountain Moist Evergreen Broadleaved Forests in Southwestern China mountain area, the cultivation history of existing centuries.By biological property and the ecological habit of pseudo-ginseng, pseudo-ginseng is very responsive to envirment factors such as illumination, humidity, temperature, is typical Ecological Fragility shade plant, and is very limited in natural distribution.At present, the own heavy damage of mountain region ecotope of mountain region Middle-mountain Moist Evergreen Broadleaved Forests is excavated in addition for a long time, and wild ginseng's platymiscium is being faced with danger in imminent danger and extinction, and wild pseudo-ginseng fails to seek so far especially.The protection of panax species germ plasm resource and sustainable use have become urgent problem.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide for above-mentioned deficiency the implantation methods of a kind of sylvan life pseudo-ginseng.
The implantation methods of sylvan life pseudo-ginseng of the present invention comprises: (1) choose reasonable sylvan life vegetation, (2) physical features are selected, (3) forest soil is selected, (4) select wild seed, the cleaning of (5) forest land, (6) to do that bunch planting kind nature planting is bred, (7) slight management, reduce human intervention, (8) and take botanical pesticide diseases prevention, insect protected, (9) uprooting weed to cover getting fat moisturizing, the management of (10) safe overwintering, (11) foot year to give birth to and excavate.
Concrete steps are as follows:
1, the selection of forest land vegetation
Have in selection tall and big arbor, in shrub is arranged, there is grass layer on earth's surface, pseudo-ginseng companion grass and giving birth to, because transpiration and the protective effect of forest are larger than vacant lot, has formed natural greenhouse, Air Flow is relatively steady, temperature, humidity variation are relatively stable.Mainly, take mountain Middle-mountain Moist Evergreen Broadleaved Forests in subtropics and half evergreen broad-leaved forest as main body, simultaneously, also have the original forest covers of multiple vegetation pattern such as warm property softwood forest, liver moss coppice.Chinese yew, southern enqlish yew, Bretschneidera sinensis, long stamen lily magnolia, Chinese spinulose tree fern, Brainea insignis, tetracentron sinense, Semen seu cortex Torreyae yunnanensis, reticulate millettia, Winter Cherry, the western regions of the Yunnan Province tupelo gum etc.
2, physical features is selected
Height above sea level 2000~2600m or more than, 30 °~60 ° of the gradients all can, 50 ° of optimum sylvan life pseudo-ginseng cultivations of the gradient, the half way up the mountain plantation on mountain.
Dong Po, slope, the southeast, north slope, Northeast Slope be can select, the north slope in ditch, river or half cloudy half light or the Schattenseite of Dong Po preferably selected, take Northeast Slope as best; It is high, preferably mild that flatness is made every effort in selection.
3, forest soil is selected
Select forest yellow earth and yellowish soil, organic abundant, degree of base saturation is slightly low, and total porosity is greater than 50%, and permeability is good, and switching performance is soil preferably.
4, cold-resistant population is selected
The seed selection long term growth is being sealed under the environment of mountain area relatively, the seed of the good pseudo-ginseng population cold-resistant, that premunition is strong, such population due to long term growth in deep mountain valleys, have with the Nature rugged environment under extremely strong growing power and cold-resistant, the resistance against diseases of competing.
5, forest land cleaning
Slice off the shrubbery weeds in forest land before sowing, suitably keep the withered grass leaf and be used for the moisturizing of taking precautions against drought, the crown density of luminous intensity 0.7~0.8 more suitable, become heliophobous plant, destroy overstocked trunk, guarantee 20%~30% light transmittance.
6, making bunch planting kind nature planting breeds
Take for the first time not destroy the artificial bunch planting of topsoil, the sowing time, in January in December to next year, is sowed the specification template of pressing line-spacing 4 * 5cm, program request is carried out in the cave of beating dark 2-3 centimetre at woodland, 1~2, every cave, and breeding is later mainly landed by seed maturity, nature Germination And Seedling, the method for procreation naturally.
7, slight management, reduce human intervention
Can wipe out end grass with scissors for the weeds that have a strong impact on Panax notoginseng Growth, stay the end mouth of 5 centimetres, not destroy original ecotope as prerequisite.
8, take botanical pesticide insect protected diseases prevention
Pseudo-ginseng generation Major Diseases is that powdery mildew, Major Pests are that aphid, majority appear at the more intermittent drizzles in the rainy season of rainwater and high temperature season, pull out immediately diseased plant after morbidity, heap fermentation after Hickory Leaves, camphortree leaf etc. are mixed in (1:1) ratio, mixture after fermentation process, apply around the pseudo-ginseng plant, simultaneously also can adopt kuh-seng, the tuber of stemona, bitter fruit leaf to make the mixing decocting liquid according to the 2:1.5:1.5 ratio, select fine day to carry out foliage spray with sprayer, come sterilizing disease-preventing and deinsectization insect protected.
9, cover the getting fat moisturizing
Utilize weeds, Hickory Leaves to cover, increase the content of organics in soil, reduce the soil moisture evaporation, keep soil moisture, be conducive to the growth of wild pseudo-ginseng;
10, safe overwintering management
Weather is cold freeze before, withered art bar is overwhelmed, cover the faggot leaf in the above multiple native again, prevent that the rudiment that on wild rhizomes of Panax notoginseng, oneself grows from enduring cold, safe overwintering, make coming year pseudo-ginseng can early emerge, go out strong sprout, tidy seedlings output.
11, foot year is given birth to and is excavated
Wild longer quality of pseudo-ginseng nutrient accumulation time is better, and vegetative period, requirement just can be excavated more than 10 years, is selected in late October to early November to excavate when cane turns withered and yellow by green, removes cauline leaf, fibrous root and earth and dries preservation.
Compared with prior art, major advantage of the present invention is:
(1) due to long-term collection, the sylvan life herbaceous plant pseudo-ginseng wild resource that is grown in mountain Middle-mountain Moist Evergreen Broadleaved Forests in subtropics, Southwestern China area has been difficult to track, and the present invention plays an important role for recovering wild resource.
(2) the present invention selects wild free of contamination environmental condition, creates an environment that is conducive to Panax notoginseng Growth, changes on ecotope and upsets disease worm generation microclimate rule, reduces the occurrence and harm of damage by disease and insect.The pathogenic soil bacterium is few, complete self-sow, natural selection has strengthened the plant disease resistance, occasionally there is disease to occur to prevent and treat method by the wildlife of botanical pesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests, can solve that agriculture in traditional notoginseng planting process is residual, content of beary metal exceeds standard problem, guarantee pseudo-ginseng crude drug product quality.
(3) the present invention overcomes the impact of the too much human factor that exists in culture technique in existing garden, makes pseudo-ginseng lose the defect of original wild characters, medicinal quality deficiency.
(4) the present invention is with mountain Middle-mountain Moist Evergreen Broadleaved Forests in large-area subtropics and half evergreen broad-leaved forest, growth place as the breeding of pseudo-ginseng self-restraint, take full advantage of forest land resource, taked not destroy the growth pattern of the forest resources, biological property according to pseudo-ginseng, utilize the concealment of natural vegetation, need not set up cool canopy, the underwood planting pseudo-ginseng not only can save production cost, protect forest resources, also played and utilized the forestry of pseudo-ginseng resource recovery and the production economic benefits and social benefits that develop pseudo-ginseng, to safeguarding the forest ecology balance, the three-dimensional economy of exploitation forest has extremely important effect.Can also alleviate the situation of pseudo-ginseng strained market supply.Increase economic efficiency, ecological benefits and social benefit.
Embodiment
The implantation methods of sylvan life pseudo-ginseng of the present invention is carried out as follows:
1, forest land vegetation choose reasonable
Have in selection tall and big arbor, in shrub is arranged, there is grass layer on earth's surface, pseudo-ginseng companion grass and giving birth to, because transpiration and the protective effect of forest are larger than vacant lot, has formed natural greenhouse, Air Flow is relatively steady, temperature, humidity variation are relatively stable.Mainly, take mountain Middle-mountain Moist Evergreen Broadleaved Forests in subtropics and half evergreen broad-leaved forest as main body, simultaneously, also have the original forest covers of multiple vegetation pattern such as warm property softwood forest, liver moss coppice.Chinese yew, southern enqlish yew, Bretschneidera sinensis, long stamen lily magnolia, Chinese spinulose tree fern, Brainea insignis, tetracentron sinense, Semen seu cortex Torreyae yunnanensis, reticulate millettia, Winter Cherry, the western regions of the Yunnan Province tupelo gum etc.
2, physical features is selected
Height above sea level 2000~2600m or more than, 30 °~60 ° of the gradients all can, 50 ° of optimum sylvan life pseudo-ginseng cultivations of the gradient.Half way up the mountain on mountain is planted, and all should not develop on hummock or at the foot of the hill.
Dong Po, slope, the southeast, north slope, Northeast Slope be can select, the north slope in ditch, river or half cloudy half light or the Schattenseite of Dong Po preferably selected, take Northeast Slope as best; It is high, preferably mild that flatness is made every effort in selection.
3, forest soil is selected
Select forest yellow earth and yellowish soil, organic abundant, degree of base saturation is slightly low, and total porosity is greater than 50%, and permeability is good, and switching performance is soil preferably.
4, cold-resistant population is selected
The seed selection long term growth is being sealed under the environment of mountain area relatively, the seed of the good pseudo-ginseng population cold-resistant, that premunition is strong, such population due to long term growth in deep mountain valleys, have with the Nature rugged environment under extremely strong growing power and cold-resistant, the resistance against diseases of competing.
5, forest land cleaning
Slice off the shrubbery weeds in forest land before sowing, the too light that the withered grass leaf is not cleared up is used for the moisturizing of taking precautions against drought.The crown density of luminous intensity 0.7~0.8 more suitable, become heliophobous plant, destroy overstocked trunk, guarantee 20%~30% light transmittance.
6, making bunch planting kind nature planting breeds
Initial stage takes artificial bunch planting not destroy the bunch planting method of topsoil, and the specification that line-spacing 4 * 5cm is pressed in sowing, from pallet, was beaten the cave of dark 2-3cm and carried out program request, 1~2, every cave at woodland in January in December to next year the sowing time.Breeding is later mainly landed by seed maturity, natural Germination And Seedling, the method for procreation naturally.
7, slight management, reduce human intervention
Can wipe out end grass with scissors for the weeds that have a strong impact on Panax notoginseng Growth, stay the end mouth of 5-8 centimetre, but should be as far as possible not destroy original ecotope as prerequisite.After general wild pseudo-ginseng emerges, shovel grass, fertilising, must not spray insecticide, and forbids in that all herd, and the people does not enter at will that forest land is random to be walked, and the trees of more not haggling are in order to avoid affect wild Panax notoginseng Growth.
8, take botanical pesticide insect protected diseases prevention
Pseudo-ginseng generation Major Diseases is that powdery mildew, Major Pests are that aphid, majority appear at the more intermittent drizzles in the rainy season of rainwater and high temperature season, pull out immediately diseased plant after morbidity, heap fermentation after walnut Pu, pine needle, camphortree leaf etc. are mixed in proportion, mixture after fermentation process, apply around the pseudo-ginseng plant, simultaneously also can adopt the decocting liquids such as kuh-seng, the tuber of stemona, bitter fruit leaf, select fine day to carry out foliage spray with sprayer, carry out the harm of sterilizing disease-preventing and deinsectization insect protected.
9, cover the getting fat moisturizing
The wild Panax notoginseng Growth phase does not shovel grass, does not pinch and reduce the damage of plant, prevent the intrusion of germ, the shovel grass is easily pseudo-ginseng lateral root sliding trackle, shovel grass, the rear germ of pinching are easy to enter in plant from the position of damage, utilize weeds, Hickory Leaves to cover, increase the content of organics in soil, reduce the soil moisture evaporation, keep soil moisture, be conducive to the growth of wild pseudo-ginseng;
10, safe overwintering management
Weather is cold freeze before, withered art bar is overwhelmed, cover the faggot leaf in the above multiple native again, the wild like this pseudo-ginseng rudiment that oneself grows on sylvan life rhizomes of Panax notoginseng on mountain prevents from enduring cold, safe overwintering makes coming year pseudo-ginseng can early emerge, go out strong sprout, tidy seedlings output.
11, foot year is given birth to and is excavated
Wild longer quality of pseudo-ginseng nutrient accumulation time is better, and vegetative period, requirement just can be excavated more than 10 years, is selected in late October to early November to excavate when cane turns withered and yellow by green, removes cauline leaf, fibrous root and earth and dries preservation.
Claims (4)
1. the implantation methods of a sylvan life pseudo-ginseng is characterized in that being carried out as follows:
1) selection of forest land vegetation: have in selection tall and big arbor, in shrub is arranged, there is grass layer on earth's surface, pseudo-ginseng companion grass and giving birth to, Air Flow is steady, temperature, humidity vary stable, simultaneously, in addition warm property softwood forest, the forest cover that the multiple vegetation pattern of liver moss coppice is original;
2) physical features is selected: height above sea level 2000~2600m or more than, 30 °~60 ° of the gradients, the half way up the mountain plantation on mountain;
3) forest soil is selected: with yellow earth and yellowish soil, organic abundant, degree of base saturation is slightly low, and total porosity is greater than 50%, and permeability is good, and switching performance is better;
4) cold-resistant population is selected: the seed selection long term growth is being sealed under the environment of mountain area relatively, the seed of the good pseudo-ginseng population cold-resistant, that premunition is strong;
5) forest land cleaning: slice off the shrubbery weeds in forest land before sowing, keep the withered grass leaf and be used for the moisturizing of taking precautions against drought, the crown density of luminous intensity, at 0.7~0.8, are destroyed overstocked trunk, to guarantee 20%~30% light transmittance;
6) making bunch planting kind nature planting breeds: take for the first time not destroy the artificial bunch planting of topsoil, sowing time is in January in December to next year, the specification that line-spacing 4 * 5cm is pressed in sowing, program request is carried out in the cave of beating dark 2-3 centimetre at woodland, 1~2, every cave, breeding is later mainly landed by seed maturity, natural Germination And Seedling, procreation naturally;
7) slight management: wipe out weeds, the end grass that has a strong impact on Panax notoginseng Growth summer with scissors, stays the end mouth of 5~8cm,, not destroy original ecotope as prerequisite, reduces simultaneously the growth contention that weeds and pseudo-ginseng form;
8) botanical pesticide insect protected diseases prevention: at rainwater more intermittent drizzles in the rainy season and high temperature season, after pseudo-ginseng generation powdery mildew or aphid insect pest, pull out immediately diseased plant, heap fermentation after mixing in the 1:1 ratio with walnut Pu, camphortree leaf etc., mixture after fermentation process, apply around the pseudo-ginseng plant; Or with kuh-seng, the tuber of stemona, bitter fruit leaf, in the 2:1.5:1.5 ratio, make the mixing decocting liquid, select fine day to carry out foliage spray with sprayer and carry out sterilizing disease-preventing and deinsectization insect protected;
9) cover the getting fat moisturizing: utilize weeds, Hickory Leaves to cover, increase the content of organics in soil, reduce the soil moisture evaporation, keep soil moisture, be conducive to the growth of wild pseudo-ginseng;
10) safe overwintering management: weather is cold freeze before, cane is overwhelmed, cover faggot leaf multiple soil more in the above, prevent that the rudiment that on wild rhizomes of Panax notoginseng, oneself grows from enduring cold, safe overwintering, make coming year pseudo-ginseng can early emerge, go out strong sprout, tidy seedlings output;
11) foot year is given birth to and excavated: the wild Panax notoginseng Growth phase just can excavate more than 10 years, in late October to early November, excavated when cane turns withered and yellow by green, removed cauline leaf, fibrous root and earth and dried preservation.
2. the implantation methods of sylvan life pseudo-ginseng according to claim 1; it is characterized in that 1) described in vegetation mainly take mountain Middle-mountain Moist Evergreen Broadleaved Forests in subtropics and half evergreen broad-leaved forest as main body, i.e. Chinese yew, southern enqlish yew, Bretschneidera sinensis, long stamen lily magnolia, Chinese spinulose tree fern, Brainea insignis, tetracentron sinense, Semen seu cortex Torreyae yunnanensis, reticulate millettia, Winter Cherry, the western regions of the Yunnan Province tupelo gum.
3. the implantation methods of sylvan life pseudo-ginseng according to claim 1, is characterized in that 2) described in the cultivation of 50 ° of optimum sylvan life pseudo-ginseng of the gradient, select Dong Po, slope, the southeast, north slope, Northeast Slope.
4. the implantation methods of sylvan life pseudo-ginseng according to claim 3, is characterized in that selecting the north slope in ditch, river or half cloudy half light or the Schattenseite of Dong Po, take Northeast Slope as best.
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CN104126394A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-05 | 普定县银丰农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for planting pseudo-ginseng |
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CN104956901A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-10-07 | 湖南省森林植物园 | Method for cultivating panax notoginseng through weed tree woodland |
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CN106305079A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-11 | 文山苗乡三七科技有限公司 | Pseudo-ginseng seed under-forest cultivation method |
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CN108925389A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2018-12-04 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Radix Notoginseng hayashishita stereo plantation method |
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CN109122077A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-04 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of mixed planting method of Radix Notoginseng and dendrobium nobile |
CN109924087A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-25 | 四川好土生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Radix Notoginseng hayashishita ecology planting method |
CN111492921A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-07 | 西南林业大学 | Method for planting organic pseudo-ginseng under forest |
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