CN103398905A - Local heating forming limit test method - Google Patents
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000004093 laser heating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a local heating forming limit test method which can be realized by adopting a spherical bulging method, a Marciniak plane method and a biaxial tension test method of a cross-shaped test piece; taking a biaxial tension test method of a cross-shaped test piece as an example, the method comprises the following specific steps: the method comprises the following steps: clamping a cross-shaped test piece; step two: setting relevant parameters of a biaxial tension test device and a laser transmitter; step three: bidirectional loading and stretching of the test piece and heating of the central area; step four: measuring and collecting test data; step five: and (4) carrying out test post-treatment and forming limit analysis to obtain the hot forming limit of the plate under various non-proportional loading paths. The invention has simple structure and reliable performance, and is convenient to realize the thermoforming limit experiment of proportional and non-proportional loading paths. The method has wide application prospect in the technical field of material mechanics testing process and equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of spot heating forming limit test method, belong to Material mechanics test Processes and apparatus technical field.
Background technology
The forming limit experiment has important effect aspect sign sheet material formability, by measuring near the principal strain breakdown point on the rear sheet material of forming limit experiment, can draw forming limit diagram, and the actual forming technology of plate is had important directive function.Along with the development of Technology of Plastic Processing, a lot of sheet materials need to carry out Plastic Forming under heated condition, characterize the forming property of sheet material under heated condition, and the experiment of the thermoforming limit is essential.Plate stress in actual thermoforming process is complicated,, in order to characterize its real forming property, the thermoforming limit experiment under ratio shaping stress state, also should carry out the thermoforming limit experiment of various disproportional load paths.
Present thermoforming limit approach is Naka sphere bulging or the Marciniak planar approach in heating environment, will be to mould and the heating of whole test specimen, the method is longer common heat time heating time, and the factor such as rubbed affects very large, at first sometimes fracture occurs in non-Main Deformation, can not at first realize the fracture at the Main Deformation of being concerned about, and in experiment, the measurement of strain is very inconvenient.Naka sphere bulging and Marciniak planar approach commonly used, to carry out at normal temperatures the forming limit experiment more complicated of disproportional load path and (usually will first to test specimen, carry out prestrain, then the test specimen after prestrain is carried out secondary processing, again the new test specimen after processing is tested), the disproportional load path is difficult to realize more under heated condition.
Therefore, propose a kind of convenient heating and measure, and can realize in experimentation at first breaking at the Main Deformation of being concerned about, the forming limit experimental technique of easily realizing various ratios and disproportional load path is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The problems referred to above that exist for overcoming existing forming limit method and technology, present patent application provides a kind of spot heating forming limit test method, it can carry out various ratios and the test of disproportional load path to material to the Main Deformation of being concerned about under different state of temperatures, can carry out the research of thermal deformation forming limit.
a kind of spot heating forming limit test method, this method is in sphere bulging method commonly used, on Marciniak planar process or bidirectional tensile tester, the Main Deformation of being concerned about on test specimen is carried out spot heating, adopt distorted area, the center spot heating of cruciform specimen as example on bidirectional tensile tester, comprise bidirectional tensile tester, the controllable temperature heating arrangement, computer control system, it is characterized in that: in biaxial tensile test, utilize the adjustable heating arrangement of computer control temperature, the center Main Deformation that is opposite to the cruciform specimen in bidirectional tensile tester carries out spot heating, and by the computer control two-way stretch device, can effectively realize ratio and disproportional two-way stretch to the cruciform specimen different loading paths, namely realize various ratios and the disproportional load path of center.
In sum, a kind of spot heating forming limit test of the present invention method, it can adopt the biaxial tensile test method of sphere bulging method, Marciniak planar process or cruciform specimen to realize; Here take the biaxial tensile test method of cruciform specimen as example, the method concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: the clamping of cruciform specimen
Clamp respectively four ends of cruciform specimen with the clamp device in four groups of stretching devices on bidirectional tensile tester, the correctness that guarantees clamping position is that two median vertical lines of test specimen overlap with four groups of stretching device center lines.
Bidirectional tensile tester comprises four groups of identical stretching devices on the four direction that lays respectively at cruciform specimen, the stretching travel of every group is 0-220mm, every group of stretching device is converted into stretching to the power sensor by a sets of transmission mechanism with electric machine main shaft, the other end of power sensor is connected with clamp device, finally realize the movement of clamp device, cruciform specimen is carried out various different loading paths tests.
Step 2: the correlation parameter of bidirectional tensile tester and generating laser is set
The load mode of setting bidirectional tensile tester by computer control system is loading ratio on both direction and the parameters such as power, laser beam scan path and speed of generating laser.
Can control the load mode of realizing the multiple ratios such as 1:1,1:2,1:3 by load control or the strain of computing machine on the both direction of bidirectional tensile tester.
Adopt the spot heating mode to heat the Main Deformation at cruciform specimen center, temperature and heating zone size can be controlled as required, adjust laser power 1-1000W, sweep velocity 1-50mm/s, can make the test specimen surface temperature reach fast 200-1148 ℃.Carry out the heating of test specimen center and can adopt common heating means, as laser, electromagnetism, infrared, the methods such as thermopair.The two of research ultra-high strength steel forming limit take laser auxiliary heating draw test as example, the power adjustments of controllable temperature laser heating device is arrived 300W, sweep velocity is set as 6.5mm/s, the laser beam of emission makes instantaneous the reaching more than 700 ℃ of irradiation temperature of center, separate out austenite in the tissue of ultra-high strength steel test specimen center, can improve the plastic deformation ability of center, and reduce the tensile strength at this position, make fracture occur in center.
Step 3: the biaxial loadings stretching of test specimen and the heating of center
Computer control system is controlled bidirectional tensile tester, by default load path, cruciform specimen is carried out two-way stretch, and controls simultaneously generating laser and along specified path, center is heated, and heating region is reached and remain on predetermined temperature range.
Computer control system is controlled bidirectional tensile tester cruciform specimen is carried out two-way stretch under different proportion, and the real-time power sensor that passes through carries out sorting-out in statistics with the parameters of material in drawing process; Infrared thermometer in the controllable temperature device, measure in real time cruciform specimen center temperature by cordless and feed back to computer control system.Computer control system control generating laser scans heating by scanning pattern and the speed of appointment; Receive the temperature parameter of the test specimen central area of infrared thermometer measurement, then control generating laser and heat, make heating region remain on predetermined temperature range., for the material of oxidation easily occurs under heated condition, can pass into blanket gas in process of the test in process of the test.
Step 4: the measurement collection of test figure
Can the parameters of material in drawing process be carried out sorting-out in statistics by the sensor on bidirectional tensile tester in process of the test, the infrared thermometer in the controllable temperature device can carry out the measurement of test specimen center temperature.Adopt gridding method or optics Non-contact strain measurement instrument commonly used to carry out the strain measurement of the Main Deformation of being concerned about after test, also can adopt optics Non-contact strain measurement instrument to measure in real time the strain in deformation process in process of the test.
Step 5: test aftertreatment and forming limit analysis
Use the data that obtain in step 4 to carry out moulding theoretical research and carry out finite element analysis, can obtain the thermoforming limit of plate under various disproportional load paths.
The FB(flow block) of concrete operation step such as Fig. 4.
In the inventive method, adopt cruciform specimen and bidirectional tensile tester, can realize conveniently that ratio and disproportional load.If only need to carry out the forming limit experiment under the ratio stress state, can be on the basis of Marciniak planar process commonly used or Naka sphere bulging method, the above-mentioned spot heating method that adopts this method to provide is tested the measurement with related data.
If in the experiment of the thermoforming limit, heating-up temperature is not high, above-mentioned center Main Deformation weakens not, adopt in advance to the center attenuate again, and then the spot heating method that proposes in employing the present invention forms limit experiment, so that enough weaken center, realizes that the center of forming limit in testing break.
The present invention compares with method with existing thermoforming limit testing device, has following outstanding advantages and effect:
1, the present invention carries out spot heating by the Main Deformation to being concerned about, realize the experiment of heating forming limit,, because Main Deformation is subjected to thermal softening, at first break in experiment, overcome in traditional forming limit experimental technique and broken and do not occur in the defect of Main Deformation;
2, the present invention is simple in structure, and dependable performance conveniently realizes the thermoforming limit experiment of ratio and disproportional load path.If only need to carry out the thermoforming limit experiment of ratio load path, the spot heating method that can adopt the present invention to propose in the biaxial loadings method of traditional Marciniak planar process or Naka sphere bulging method or cruciform specimen, center Main Deformation to test specimen adopts laser, electromagnetism or other type of heating to carry out spot heating, can obtain the thermoforming limit experimental result under the ratio load path, if weaken not center, the spot heating scheme that can further adopt the present invention to propose on the basis of traditional center thining method.If carry out the forming limit experiment of various disproportional load paths, the spot heating method that proposes in can adopting the present invention on the basis of the disproportional loading experimental method of cruciform specimen realizes the thermoforming limit experiment of disproportional load path.Overcome traditional thermoforming limit experimental technique and be difficult to realize the defect in complex loading path;
3, the spot heating method that proposes in the present invention, thermal source can adopt the advanced heater means such as laser, electromagnetism, conveniently carry out the heating of main deformation place, facilitate the control and measurement temperature, heating surface (area) (HS is little and firing rate is fast, customer service the slow and test specimen temperature of heating up in traditional thermoforming marginal test method control the defect of inconvenience;
4, in the thermoforming limit experiment that the present invention proposes, in carrying out the spot heating forming limit test, can carry out the real-time measurement of strain in deformation process, test can be measured strain after neutralization test very easily, has overcome in traditional thermoforming limit approach strain measurement defect not easily;
5, the method for the tradition research thermoforming limit is sphere bulging or the Marciniak planar approach in heating environment, be to mould and the heating of whole test specimen, and the factor such as rubbed affects very large, sometimes can not realize the fracture at the Main Deformation of being concerned about.If the method in employing the present invention, carry out spot heating to the sheet metal deformation concentration zones, and control temperature well, can realize breaking of the distorted area of being concerned about, better draw forming limit, overcome above-mentioned defect.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A is the method that adopts in the present invention, the structural representation take LASER HEATING and bidirectional tensile tester as the spot heating forming limit experimental provision of example; Figure 1B is to the supplementing of Figure 1A, if adopt LASER HEATING can adopt the Double-side Heating shown in single face shown in Figure 1A or Figure 1B.
Fig. 2 is the method that adopts in the present invention, take the biaxial tensile test of the cruciform specimen cruciform specimen figure that cracks on arm that adopted during as example;
Fig. 3 A is that the test specimen fracture that occurs in the biaxial tensile test of the normal temperature commonly used or whole heating occurs in the schematic diagram on arm;
Fig. 3 B adopts method of the present invention, as an example of the biaxial tensile test of cruciform specimen example, the cruciform specimen fracture occurs in the schematic diagram of center;
Fig. 4 is FB(flow block) of the present invention.
Label declaration shown in figure:
1, clamp device, 2, the power sensor, 3, cruciform specimen, 4, computer control system, 5, generating laser, 6, generating laser scanning adds hot path, 7, cracking on the cruciform specimen arm
Embodiment
See Figure 1A-Fig. 4, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described and describes.
as shown in Figure 1A, the method that adopts the present invention to propose, adopt bidirectional tensile tester and carry out the thermoforming test unit of spot heating with laser, comprise bidirectional tensile tester, the controllable temperature laser heating device, computer control system 4, wherein bidirectional tensile tester comprises four groups of identical stretching devices, every group of stretching device all is converted into stretching to power sensor 2 by a sets of transmission mechanism with electric machine main shaft, the other end of power sensor 2 is connected with clamp device 1, finally realize the Linear-moving of clamp device 1, cruciform specimen 3 is carried out tension test.
The controllable temperature laser heating device comprises generating laser, infrared thermometer, as shown in Figure 1A generating laser 5 under the control of computer control system 4 along invisible scanning path 6, spot heating is carried out in 7 cruciform specimen 3 centers of cracking on the cruciform specimen arm, test specimen is ruptured occur in centre position such as Fig. 3 B after loading; Infrared thermometer is measured in real time and temperature parameter is fed back to computer control system 4 test specimen center temperature by cordless.
Computer control system 4 Comprehensive Control two-way stretch devices add hot path 6 to drawing process, the controllable temperature laser heating device of cruciform specimen to heating-up temperature and the generating laser scanning in material center district.
Concrete process of the test of the present invention is as follows, at first clamp respectively four ends of cruciform specimen with the clamp device 1 in four groups of stretching devices, computer control system 4 receives the temperature parameter of the test specimen center of infrared thermometer measurement, then control generating laser and along specified path, center is heated, heating region is reached and remain on predetermined temperature range; Computer control system 4 is controlled bidirectional tensile tester cruciform specimen 3 is carried out the two-way stretch of preset ratio and disproportional, and the real-time power sensor 2 that passes through carries out sorting-out in statistics with the parameters of material in drawing process, final analysis goes out the two-way stretch mechanical performance index of material under different temperatures, carries out the research of thermal deformation forming limit.
See Fig. 4, a kind of spot heating forming limit test of the present invention method, the method concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: the clamping of cruciform specimen 3
Clamp respectively four ends of cruciform specimen 3 with the clamp device 1 in four groups of stretching devices on bidirectional tensile tester, the correctness that guarantees clamping position is that two median vertical lines of test specimen overlap with four groups of stretching device center lines.
Bidirectional tensile tester comprises four groups of identical stretching devices on the four direction that lays respectively at cruciform specimen 3, every group of stretching device is converted into stretching to power sensor 2 by a sets of transmission mechanism with electric machine main shaft, the other end of power sensor 2 is connected with clamp device 1, finally realize the movement of clamp device 1, cruciform specimen 3 is carried out various different loading paths tests.
Step 2: the correlation parameter of bidirectional tensile tester and generating laser is set
The load mode of setting bidirectional tensile testers by computer control system 4 is loading ratio on both direction and the parameters such as initial heating temperature, scanning pattern and speed of generating laser.
Can control the load mode of realizing the multiple ratios such as 1:1,1:2,1:3 by load control or the strain of computer control system 4 on the both direction of bidirectional tensile tester.
Adopt the spot heating mode to heat the Main Deformation at cruciform specimen 3 centers, temperature and heating zone size can be controlled as required, adjust laser power 1-1000W, sweep velocity 1-50mm/s, can make the test specimen surface temperature reach fast 200-1148 ℃.That carries out the test specimen center adds the common heating means of thermal recovery, as laser, electromagnetism, infrared, the methods such as thermopair.Here take laser auxiliary heating as example, the irradiation temperature of the laser beam of controllable temperature laser heating device emission can be by controlling laser power density, the parameters such as spot diameter are heated to default temperature with the center of cruciform specimen 3, can improve the plastic deformation ability of center, and reduce the tensile strength at this position, make fracture occur in center.
Step 3: the biaxial loadings stretching of test specimen and the heating of center
Computer control system 4 is controlled bidirectional tensile tester, by default load path, cruciform specimen 3 is carried out two-way stretch, and control simultaneously generating laser 5 and add 6 pairs of centers of hot path along the scanning of the generating laser of appointment and heat, heating region is reached and remain on predetermined temperature range.
Computer control system 4 is controlled the two-way stretch that bidirectional tensile tester carries out under different proportion cruciform specimen 3, and the real-time power sensor 2 that passes through carries out sorting-out in statistics with the parameters of material in drawing process; Infrared thermometer in the controllable temperature device, measure in real time cruciform specimen 3 center temperature by cordless and feed back to computer control system 4.Computer control system 4 controls that generating lasers 5 add hot path 6 by the generating laser scanning of appointment and speed scans heating; Receive the temperature parameter of the test specimen central area of infrared thermometer measurement, then control generating laser 5 and heat, make heating region remain on predetermined temperature range., for the material of oxidation easily occurs under heated condition, can pass into blanket gas in process of the test in process of the test.
Step 4: the measurement collection of test figure
Can the parameters of material in drawing process be carried out sorting-out in statistics by the power sensor 2 on bidirectional tensile tester in process of the test, the infrared thermometer in the controllable temperature device can carry out the measurement of test specimen center temperature.Adopt gridding method or optics Non-contact strain measurement instrument commonly used to carry out the strain measurement of the Main Deformation of being concerned about after test, also can adopt optics Non-contact strain measurement instrument to measure in real time the strain in deformation process in process of the test.
Step 5: test aftertreatment and forming limit analysis
Use the data that obtain in step 4 to carry out moulding theoretical research and carry out finite element analysis, can obtain the thermoforming limit of plate under various disproportional load paths.
The shape district carries out the thermoforming marginal test method of spot heating, with the thermoforming marginal test method of traditional integral body heating, is essentially different.The controllable temperature heating arrangement is introduced in equipment, spot heating is carried out in the test specimen center, the center Main Deformation fracture that test specimen is being concerned about, having overcome in traditional thermoforming limit experimental technique breaks can not occur in distorted area, center, strain measurement inconvenient, be difficult to realize the various defects such as disproportional load path, be also the development to the biaxial tensile test method, can effectively draw material Sheet Metal Forming Limit under different temperatures and different stress state.
The above; only for the better embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in technical scope shown in the present; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (2)
1. spot heating forming limit test method, it is characterized in that: the method concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: the clamping of cruciform specimen
Clamp respectively four ends of cruciform specimen with the clamp device in four groups of stretching devices on bidirectional tensile tester, the correctness that guarantees clamping position is that two median vertical lines of test specimen overlap with four groups of stretching device center lines;
Bidirectional tensile tester comprises four groups of identical stretching devices on the four direction that lays respectively at cruciform specimen, the stretching travel of every group is 0-220mm, every group of stretching device is converted into stretching to the power sensor by a sets of transmission mechanism with electric machine main shaft, the other end of power sensor is connected with clamp device, finally realize the movement of clamp device, cruciform specimen is carried out various different loading paths tests;
Step 2: the correlation parameter of bidirectional tensile tester and generating laser is set
The load mode of setting bidirectional tensile tester by computer control system is loading ratio on both direction and power, laser beam scan path and the speed parameter of generating laser;
The load mode of realizing 1:1,1:2, many kinds of ratios of 1:3 is controlled in load control or strain by computing machine on the both direction of bidirectional tensile tester; Adopt the spot heating mode to heat the Main Deformation at cruciform specimen center, temperature and heating zone size are controlled as required, adjust laser power 1-1000W, sweep velocity 1-50mm/s, make the test specimen surface temperature reach fast 200-1148 ℃; That carries out the test specimen center adds the common heating means of thermal recovery, as laser, electromagnetism, infrared, thermopair, the two of research ultra-high strength steel forming limit take laser auxiliary heating draw test as example, the power adjustments of controllable temperature laser heating device is arrived 300W, sweep velocity is set as 6.5mm/s, the laser beam of emission makes instantaneous the reaching more than 700 ℃ of irradiation temperature of center, separate out austenite in the tissue of ultra-high strength steel test specimen center, improve the plastic deformation ability of center, and reduce the tensile strength at this position, make fracture occur in center;
Step 3: the biaxial loadings stretching of test specimen and the heating of center
Computer control system is controlled bidirectional tensile tester, by default load path, cruciform specimen is carried out two-way stretch, and controls simultaneously generating laser and along specified path, center is heated, and heating region is reached and remain on predetermined temperature range;
Computer control system is controlled bidirectional tensile tester cruciform specimen is carried out two-way stretch under different proportion, and the real-time power sensor that passes through carries out sorting-out in statistics with the parameters of material in drawing process; Infrared thermometer in the controllable temperature device, by cordless, cruciform specimen center temperature measured in real time and fed back to computer control system, computer control system control generating laser scans heating by scanning pattern and the speed of appointment; Receive the temperature parameter of the test specimen central area of infrared thermometer measurement, then control generating laser and heat, make heating region remain on predetermined temperature range; , for the material of oxidation easily occurs under heated condition, pass into blanket gas in process of the test in process of the test;
Step 4: the measurement collection of test figure
By the power sensor on bidirectional tensile tester, the parameters of material in drawing process is carried out sorting-out in statistics in process of the test, the infrared thermometer in the controllable temperature device carries out the measurement of test specimen center temperature; Adopt gridding method or optics Non-contact strain measurement instrument commonly used to carry out the strain measurement of the Main Deformation of being concerned about after test, adopt optics Non-contact strain measurement instrument to measure in real time the strain in deformation process in process of the test;
Step 5: test aftertreatment and forming limit analysis
Use the data that obtain in step 4 carry out moulding theoretical research and carry out finite element analysis, obtain the thermoforming limit of plate under various disproportional load paths.
2. a kind of spot heating forming limit test method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the biaxial tensile test method realization of its employing sphere bulging method, Marciniak planar process and cruciform specimen.
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