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CN103339005B - 混合动力车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103339005B
CN103339005B CN201180065786.XA CN201180065786A CN103339005B CN 103339005 B CN103339005 B CN 103339005B CN 201180065786 A CN201180065786 A CN 201180065786A CN 103339005 B CN103339005 B CN 103339005B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electric power
destination
storage device
till
electrical storage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201180065786.XA
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English (en)
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CN103339005A (zh
Inventor
洪远龄
杉山义信
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/12Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand using control strategies taking into account route information
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    • B60W20/10Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
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Abstract

为了将蓄积于蓄电装置(10)的电力作为商用电力输出而设置插座(60),插座(60)从蓄电装置(10)经由电压转换器(45)接受供电。车辆导航装置(70)具有与车辆的到目的地为止的行驶相关的信息。ECU(65)从车辆导航装置(70)取得与到目的地为止的行驶相关的信息,基于该到目的地为止的信息和到目的地为止的插座(60)的使用状况,来控制蓄电装置(10)的充电状态。

Description

混合动力车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力车辆,尤其是涉及一种能够将蓄积于蓄电装置的电力作为商用电力输出的混合动力车辆。
背景技术
日本特开2004-282837号公报(专利文献1)公开了一种能够从车载电源向设于车内的插座供给商用交流电力的车辆用电源装置。在该车辆用电源装置中,基于搭载在车辆上的高压蓄电池的充电状态(SOC),算出能够从高压蓄电池经由逆变器向插座供给的电力,即,与插座连接的电气产品能够消耗的容许消耗电力。并且,在SOC低于规定值时,SOC越小而容许消耗电力越逐渐减小。
通过设为这样的结构,能够抑制车载电源的SOC的下降并能够尽量确保插座的使用(参照专利文献1)。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2004-282837号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2004-236472号公报
发明内容当车载电源的SOC下降至规定的下限值时,车载插座不能使用。在混合动力车辆中,通过使用内燃机进行发电而也能够使用插座,但为了使用插座而使内燃机起动的情况不优选。因此,期望避免为了使用插座而使内燃机起动,至少能够使用插座直至目的地为止。上述的车辆用电源装置抑制车载电源的SOC的下降并尽量确保插座的使用,但是在SOC下降到规定的下限值时,插座不能使用。
本发明为了解决上述课题而作出,其目的在于提供一种避免为了使用插座而使内燃机起动,能够使用插座直至目的地为止的混合动力车辆。
根据本发明,混合动力车辆具备:能够再充电的蓄电装置;内燃机;至少一个电动机;电力输出装置;信息设备;控制装置。至少一个电动机具有用于由内燃机驱动而向蓄电装置供给电力的发电功能和产生行驶驱动力的功能。电力输出装置用于将蓄积于蓄电装置的电力作为商用电力而输出。信息设备具有与车辆的到目的地为止的行驶相关的信息。控制装置基于到目的地为止的信息和到目的地为止的电力输出装置的使用状况而控制蓄电装置的充电状态。
优选的是,控制装置基于到目的地为止的信息和电力输出装置的使用状况而预测到目的地为止的电力输出装置的使用电力量,基于其预测结果而控制蓄电装置的充电状态。
还优选的是,控制装置根据来自电力输出装置的输出电力和到目的地为止的所需时间来预测到目的地为止的电力输出装置的使用电力量。
另外,优选的是,混合动力车辆还具备用于供利用者输入电力输出装置的使用电力的输入装置。并且,控制装置根据从输入装置输入的使用电力和到目的地为止的所需时间来预测到目的地为止的电力输出装置的使用电力量。
优选的是,控制装置还控制行驶模式的切换,该行驶模式包括:优先进行使内燃机停止而仅使用至少一个电动机的行驶的第一模式(CD模式);以及使内燃机动作而将蓄电装置的充电状态维持成规定的目标的第二模式(CS模式)。并且,控制装置在蓄电装置的残余容量低于比表示残余容量的下限的第一阈值(S1)高出上述使用电力量的第二阈值(S2)时,将行驶模式设为第二模式。
还优选的是,控制装置在从残余容量低于第二阈值至车辆到达目的地为止的区间,按照电力输出装置的使用状况以残余容量渐减的方式改变残余容量的目标。
另外,根据本发明,控制方法是混合动力车辆的控制方法。混合动力车辆具备:能够再充电的蓄电装置;内燃机;至少一个电动机;电力输出装置;信息设备。至少一个电动机具有用于由内燃机驱动而向蓄电装置供给电力的发电功能和产生行驶驱动力的功能。电力输出装置用于将蓄积于蓄电装置的电力作为商用电力而输出。信息设备具有与车辆的到目的地为止的行驶相关的信息。并且,控制方法包括:基于到目的地为止的信息和电力输出装置的使用状况而预测到目的地为止的电力输出装置的使用电力量的步骤;以及基于其预测结果而控制蓄电装置的充电状态的步骤。
优选的是,预测的步骤包括根据来自电力输出装置的输出电力和到目的地为止的所需时间来预测到目的地为止的电力输出装置的使用电力量的步骤。
优选的是,混合动力车辆能够进行行驶模式的切换,该行驶模式包括:优先进行使内燃机停止而仅使用至少一个电动机的行驶的第一模式(CD模式);以及使内燃机动作而将蓄电装置的充电状态维持成规定的目标的第二模式(CS模式)。并且,控制方法还包括:将蓄电装置的残余容量与比表示残余容量的下限的第一阈值(S1)高出上述使用电力量的第二阈值(S2)进行比较的步骤;以及在残余容量低于第二阈值时,将行驶模式设为第二模式的步骤。
还优选的是,控制方法还包括在从残余容量低于第二阈值至车辆到达目的地为止的区间,按照电力输出装置的使用状况以残余容量渐减的方式改变残余容量的目标的步骤。
发明效果
在本发明中,具备:用于将蓄积于蓄电装置的电力作为商用电力输出的电力输出装置;具有与车辆的到目的地为止的行驶相关的信息的信息设备。并且,基于到目的地为止的信息和到目的地为止的电力输出装置的使用状况来控制蓄电装置的充电状态,因此能够使用电力输出装置直到目的地为止。因此,根据本发明,能够避免为了使用电力输出装置而使内燃机起动,能够使用电力输出装置直到目的地为止。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施方式的混合动力车辆的整体框图。
图2是用于说明ECU的主要功能的功能框图。
图3是表示蓄电装置的残余容量的变化的一例的图。
图4是用于说明AC开关由利用者进行了接通操作时的ECU的处理步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图,详细说明本发明的实施方式。需要说明的是,对于图中同一或相当部分,标注同一符号而不重复其说明。
图1是本发明的实施方式的混合动力车辆的整体框图。参照图1,混合动力车辆100具备蓄电装置10、系统主继电器(以下称为“SMR(System Main Relay)”)15、升压转换器20、逆变器22、24、电动发电机30、32、发动机35。而且,混合动力车辆100还具备充电入口40、电压转换器45、继电器47、50、55、插座60、电流传感器62、ECU(Electronic Control Unit)65。此外,混合动力车辆100还具备车辆导航装置70、AC开关72、CS模式开关74。
蓄电装置10是能够再充电的直流电源,例如,由镍氢或锂离子等二次电池或大容量的电容器构成。蓄电装置10当其SOC下降时,接受通过由发动机35驱动的电动发电机30发出的电力而被充电。而且,在车辆的制动时或下坡斜面的加速度减少时,蓄电装置10接受由电动发电机32发出的电力而被充电。此外,通过使用电压转换器45作为充电器,而蓄电装置10由车辆外部的电源(以下称为“外部电源”)85充电(以下,将外部电源85对蓄电装置10的充电称为“外部充电”)。
并且,蓄电装置10将蓄积的电力向升压转换器20输出。而且,通过使用电压转换器45作为DC/AC转换器,而蓄电装置10也能够经由电压转换器45向插座60供电。而且,蓄电装置10基于未图示的电压传感器及电流传感器的检测值而算出SOC,并将包含该算出值的SOC信息向ECU65输出。
SMR15设置在蓄电装置10与升压转换器20之间。当为了使混合动力车辆100行驶而使车辆系统起动时,SMR15成为接通状态。升压转换器20基于来自ECU65的控制信号,将逆变器22、24的输入电压升压成蓄电装置10的电压以上。升压转换器20例如由电流可逆斩波电路构成。
逆变器22、24相互并联而与升压转换器20连接。逆变器22基于来自ECU65的控制信号而驱动电动发电机30。逆变器24基于来自ECU65的控制信号而驱动电动发电机32。各逆变器22、24例如由包含三相的开关元件在内的三相PWM逆变器构成。
电动发电机30、32分别是能够进行动力运行动作及再生动作的电动发电机,例如,由在转子埋设有永久磁铁的三相交流同步电动发电机构成。电动发电机30由逆变器2驱动,例如,产生发动机35的起动转矩而使发动机35起动,在发动机35的起动后由发动机35驱动而发电。电动发电机32由逆变器24驱动,例如,产生行驶用的驱动转矩而对驱动轮(未图示)进行驱动,在车辆的制动时等,从驱动轮接受车辆具有的动能而发电。
发动机35将燃料的燃烧产生的热能转换成活塞或转子等运动件的动能,将该转换后的动能向驱动轮及电动发电机30的至少一方输出。
充电入口40构成为能够与连接于外部电源85的连接器80嵌合。并且,在外部充电时,充电入口40接受从外部电源85供给的电力而向电压转换器45输出。需要说明的是,也可以取代充电入口40而设置构成为能够与外部电源85的插座连接的充电插头。
电压转换器45构成为从外部电源85接受电力而对蓄电装置10进行充电。详细而言,电压转换器45经由继电器47而与配线在蓄电装置10及SMR15之间的电源线PL1、NL1连接。并且,电压转换器45在外部充电时,基于来自ECU65的控制信号,将从外部电源85供给的电力转换成蓄电装置10的充电电力。而且,电压转换器45构成为能够向双方向进行电压转换,能够将从蓄电装置10接受的电力转换成商用交流电压而向插座60输出。电压转换器45例如由能够向双方向进行电压转换的AC/DC转换器构成。
继电器50设置在充电入口40与电压转换器45之间。继电器55的一端与电压转换器45和继电器50之间的电路连接,另一端与插座60连接。继电器50、55按照来自ECU65的指令进行动作。具体而言,在外部充电时,继电器50、55分别接通、切断。在从蓄电装置10向插座60的供电时,继电器50、55分别被切断、接通。插座60构成为能够使家电产品等的电源插头嵌合。电流传感器62检测从插座60输出的电流Iac,并将其检测值向ECU65输出。
车辆导航装置70具有与到目的地为止的行驶相关的信息。具体而言,车辆导航装置70构成为能够供操作者输入目的地,具有从当前地到目的地为止的路径或所需时间、距离等信息。并且,车辆导航装置70将该与到目的地为止的行驶相关的信息向ECU65输出。
AC开关72构成为为了能够使用插座60而能够供利用者操作。并且,当由利用者对AC开关72进行接通操作时,继电器47、50、55分别被接通、切断、接通,能够从蓄电装置10向插座60供电。
CS模式开关74构成为能够由驾驶员要求CS(Charge Sustaining)模式下的行驶。该混合动力车辆100具有CD(Charge Depleting)模式和CS模式的行驶模式。CD模式是使发动机35停止而使仅使用电动发电机32的行驶优先的行驶模式。另一方面,CS模式是使发动机35适当动作而将蓄电装置10的SOC维持成规定的目标进行行驶的模式。
需要说明的是,在CD模式下,在由驾驶员较大地踩踏油门踏板、或发动机驱动类型的空调动作时或发动机预热时等,容许发动机35的动作。该CD模式是不维持蓄电装置10的SOC而基本上以蓄积于蓄电装置10的电力为能量源来使车辆行驶的行驶模式。在该CD模式期间,结果是放电的比例比充电的比例相对增大的情况较多。另一方面,CS模式是为了将蓄电装置10的SOC维持成规定的目标,根据需要而使发动机35动作并通过电动发电机30进行发电的行驶模式,并未限定为使发动机35始终动作的行驶。
即,即使行驶模式为CD模式,若较大地踏入油门踏板而要求大的车辆动力,则发动机35也动作。而且,即使行驶模式为CS模式,若SOC超过目标值,则发动机35也停止。因此,无论行驶模式如何,将使发动机35停止而仅使用电动发电机32的行驶称为“EV行驶”,将使发动机35动作而使用电动发电机32及发动机35的行驶称为“HV行驶”。
ECU65由电子控制单元构成,通过基于利用CPU执行预先存储的程序的软件处理及/或基于专用的电子回路的硬件处理,来控制SMR15、升压转换器20、逆变器22、24、电压转换器45及继电器47、50、55这些各设备的动作。
在此,ECU65基于从车辆导航装置70接受的到目的地为止的上述信息和插座60的使用状况来控制蓄电装置10的SOC。作为一例,ECU65根据来自插座60的输出电力(使用实绩)和到目的地为止的所需时间来预测到目的地为止的插座60的使用电力量,基于其预测结果而控制到目的地为止的SOC。
图2是用于说明ECU65的主要功能的功能框图。参照图2,ECU65包括SOC控制部110、行驶模式控制部112、行驶控制部114、指令生成部116、122、充放电控制部120。
SOC控制部110进行用于对蓄电装置10(图1)的SOC进行控制的处理。具体而言,SOC控制部110从蓄电装置10取得SOC信息,基于该取得的SOC信息而算出蓄电装置10的残余容量(Wh)。而且,SOC控制部110从车辆导航装置70取得到目的地为止的所需时间,而且,取得电流传感器62的检测值而算出插座60的输出电力(W)。需要说明的是,该插座60的输出电力表示插座60的使用状况,既可以是该时刻的输出电力,也可以是从行驶开始起的平均值等。或者还可以将插座60能够输出的最大电力作为上述的输出电力。
并且,SOC控制部110根据插座60的输出电力和到目的地为止的所需时间,预测到目的地为止的插座60的使用电力量(Wh)。具体而言,SOC控制部110通过将插座60的输出电力乘以到目的地为止的所需时间,而算出到目的地为止的插座60的使用电力量。并且,SOC控制部110将该算出的使用电力量和预定的残余容量下限值相加而得到的阈值与蓄电装置10的残余容量进行比较,在蓄电装置10的残余容量低于上述阈值时,对行驶模式控制部112要求CS模式下的行驶。
另外,当蓄电装置10的残余容量低于上述阈值时,SOC控制部110算出到目的地为止以CS模式行驶时的SOC目标。具体而言,SOC控制部110以从上述阈值到上述下限值按照插座60的输出电力(W)而残余容量渐减的方式改变SOC目标。需要说明的是,关于该点,在后面的图3中使用附图进行说明。
行驶模式控制部112控制行驶模式(CD模式/CS模式)。行驶模式控制部112当外部充电结束时,将行驶模式设定为CD模式。而且,行驶模式控制部112当从SOC控制部110接受到CS模式下的行驶要求时,在以CD模式行驶的情况下将行驶模式切换成CS模式。而且,在通过CS模式开关74要求CS模式下的行驶时,行驶模式控制部112将行驶模式设为CS模式。
行驶控制部114按照由行驶模式控制部112控制的行驶模式来进行实际的行驶控制。具体而言,行驶控制部114在CD模式时,以使发动机35停止而仅利用电动发电机32进行行驶的方式控制电动发电机32。而且,在CS模式时,行驶控制部114以使发动机35动作而通过电动发电机30对蓄电装置10进行充电并使用发动机35及电动发电机32进行行驶的方式控制发动机35及电动发电机30、32。
需要说明的是,行驶控制部114在CD模式时,当通过踏入油门踏板而要求大的行驶驱动力时也使发动机35起动(HV行驶)。另一方面,行驶控制部114在CS模式时,若残余容量超过目标值,则也使发动机35停止(EV行驶)。
指令生成部116按照来自行驶控制部114的指令,生成用于对发动机35及逆变器22、24进行驱动的控制信号,并将该生成的控制信号向发动机35及逆变器22、24输出。
充放电控制部120控制基于外部电源85(图1)的外部充电、及从蓄电装置10向插座60的供电。充放电控制部120在充电入口40上连接外部电源85而要求外部充电时,分别使继电器47、50、55接通、接通、切断,并以通过外部电源85对蓄电装置10进行充电的方式控制电压转换器45。而且,充放电控制部120当通过利用者对AC开关72进行接通操作时,分别使继电器47、50、55接通、切断、接通,以从蓄电装置10向插座60进行供电的方式控制电压转换器45。
指令生成部122按照来自充放电控制部120的指令,生成用于驱动电压转换器45的控制信号,并将该生成的控制信号向电压转换器45输出。
图3是表示蓄电装置10的残余容量的变化的图。需要说明的是,该图3虽然典型,但不过表示一例,残余容量的变化并未限定为图3所示的情况。参照图3,横轴表示距出发地的时间。实线k1表示该实施方式的残余容量的变化,作为比较例,虚线k2表示现有技术的残余容量的变化。
设在出发地进行外部充电,从残余容量充分的状态开始行驶。基本上,向插座60供给通过外部充电而蓄积于蓄电装置10的电力,避免为了使用插座60而驱动发动机35进行发电。并且,插座60在残余容量比下限值S1多时能够使用,当残余容量达到下限值S1时,插座60不能使用。
在从出发地开始行驶后,到残余容量下降之前,行驶模式为CD模式,基本上车辆以蓄积于蓄电装置10的电力为能量源进行行驶。因此,在CD模式中,蓄电装置10的残余容量下降。
在此,在现有技术中,在残余容量到达下限值S1之前以CD模式行驶。并且,当残余容量到达下限值S1时,行驶模式从CD模式切换成CS模式,然后在到达目的地为止使发动机35适当动作,由此将残余容量维持成下限值S1。在残余容量到达了下限值S1之后,到达目的地为止不能使用插座60。
因此,在该实施方式中,基于目的地信息和插座60的使用状况,控制蓄电装置10的充电状态以到目的地为止能够使用插座60。详细而言,根据来自插座60的输出电力和到目的地为止的所需时间,预测到目的地为止的插座60的使用电力量。并且,当残余容量到达将该预测的插座60的使用电力量另加上残余容量的下限值S1所得到的阈值S2时,将行驶模式切换成CS模式。而且,在到目的地为止的行驶中以残余容量的目标从阈值S2渐减至下限值S1的方式对残余容量的目标进行可变设定(虚线k3)。需要说明的是,该虚线k3所示的残余容量的目标的斜率相当于来自插座60的输出电力(W)。由此,避免在到达目的地之前由于残余容量到达下限值S1而不能使用插座60,从而能够使用插座60到目的地为止。
图4是用于说明AC开关72被接通时的ECU65的处理步骤的流程图。需要说明的是,该流程图的处理每隔一定时间或每当规定的条件成立时从主例行程序被调出而执行。
参照图4,ECU65判定AC开关72是否被接通(步骤S10)。在AC开关72未被接通时(在步骤S10中为“否”),ECU65不执行以后的一连串的处理而使处理进入步骤S120。
在步骤S10中当判定为AC开关72被接通时(在步骤S10中为“是”),ECU65从车辆导航装置70取得到目的地为止的所需时间(步骤S20)。而且,ECU65取得电流传感器62(图1)的检测值,算出插座60的输出电力(步骤S30)。如上所述,该插座60的输出电力表示插座60的使用状况,既可以是当前的输出电力,也可以是从行驶开始起的平均值。或者还可以将插座60能够输出的最大电力设为上述的输出电力。
而且,ECU65从蓄电装置10取得蓄电装置10的SOC信息(步骤S40)。并且,ECU65基于该取得的SOC信息,算出蓄电装置10的残余容量(Wh)(步骤S50)。接着,ECU65预测到目的地为止的插座60的使用电力量(Wh)(步骤S60)。具体而言,ECU65通过将在步骤S30中算出的插座60的输出电力乘以在步骤S20中取得的到目的地为止的所需时间,来算出到目的地为止的插座60的使用电力量(Wh)。
并且,ECU65判定在步骤S50中算出的残余容量(Wh)是否多于将到目的地为止的插座60的使用电力量加上残余容量的下限值S1(图3)而得到的残余容量的阈值S2(图3)(步骤S70)。当判定为残余容量多于阈值S2时(在步骤S70中为“是”),ECU65判定CS模式开关74是否被接通(步骤S80)。并且,若CS模式开关74被切断(在步骤S80中为“否”),则ECU65将行驶模式设为CD模式(步骤S90)。需要说明的是,在CS模式开关74被接通时(在步骤S80中为“是”),ECU65使处理进入步骤S110。
另一方面,在步骤S70中,当判定为残余容量为阈值S2以下时(在步骤S70中为“否”),ECU65算出SOC目标(可变值)(步骤S100)。具体而言,以遵循图3所示的虚线k3的方式算出蓄电装置10的残余容量的目标。并且,ECU65将行驶模式设为CS模式(步骤S110)。
如以上那样,在该实施方式中,混合动力车辆100具备:用于将蓄积于蓄电装置10的电力作为商用电力输出的插座60;具有与到车辆的目的地为止的行驶相关的信息的车辆导航装置70。并且,基于从车辆导航装置70得到的到目的地为止的信息和到目的地为止的插座60的使用状况来控制蓄电装置10的充电状态,因此能够使用插座60到目的地为止。因此,根据该实施方式,能够避免为了使用插座60而使发动机35起动,从而能够使用插座60到目的地为止。
需要说明的是,在上述的实施方式中,根据从电流传感器62的检测值算出的插座60的输出电力(使用实绩)和到目的地为止的所需时间,预测到目的地为止的插座60的使用电力量(Wh),但也可以利用其他的方法来预测到目的地为止的插座60的使用电力量(Wh)。例如,也可以设置用于供利用者输入到目的地为止的插座60的使用电力(W)的输入装置,根据从该输入装置输入的使用电力和到目的地为止的所需时间,预测到目的地为止的插座60的使用电力量(Wh)。
需要说明的是,在上述的实施方式中,电压转换器45能够向双方向进行转换,插座60连接在电压转换器45与充电入口40之间,但插座60的配置并未限定于此。也可以将电压转换器45设为充电器专用,为了从蓄电装置10向插座60的供电用而与电压转换器45另行地设置DC/AC转换器。
另外,在上述中,使用电压转换器45进行外部充电,但也可以在外部充电时在电动发电机30、32的中性点上连接外部电源85,并通过逆变器22、24来调整中性点间的电压,由此将从外部电源85供给的电力转换成充电电压而对蓄电装置10进行充电。
另外,在上述中,混合动力车辆100设为能够进行外部充电的所谓“插入式混合动力车”,但本发明并未限定为插入式混合动力车。例如,可以使用谐振法或电磁感应等的非接触的供电方法来进行外部充电,也可以是能够在车辆外部对蓄电装置10进行充电而重装的混合动力车辆。
另外,在上述中,说明了将发动机35的动力向驱动轮及电动发电机30的至少一方输出的串联/并联型的混合动力车辆,但本发明也可以适用于其他的形式的混合动力车辆。即,本发明也可以适用于例如仅为了驱动电动发电机30而使用发动机35,并仅利用电动发电机32产生车辆的驱动力的所谓串联型的混合动力车辆,或以发动机35为主动力,根据需要利用电动机进行辅助并使用该电动机作为发电机而能够对蓄电装置10进行充电的单电动机型的混合动力车辆等。
需要说明的是,在上述中,发动机35对应于本发明中的“内燃机”的一实施例,电动发电机30、32对应于本发明中的“至少一个电动机”的一实施例。而且,电压转换器45及插座60形成本发明的“电力输出装置”的一实施例,车辆导航装置70对应于本发明中的“信息设备”的一实施例。而且,ECU65对应于本发明中的“控制装置”的一实施例。
应考虑的是本次公开的实施方式全部的点为例示而没有受到限制。本发明的范围不是由上述的实施方式的说明而是由权利要求书的范围所公开,并包括与权利要求书的范围等价的意思及范围内的全部变更。
符号说明
10蓄电装置,15SMR,20升压转换器,22、24逆变器,30、32电动发电机,35发动机,40充电入口,47、50、55继电器,60插座,65ECU,70车辆导航装置,72AC开关,74CS模式开关,80连接器,85外部电源,100混合动力车辆,110SOC控制部,112行驶模式控制部,114行驶控制部,116、122指令生成部,120充放电控制部。

Claims (8)

1.一种混合动力车辆,其中,具备:
能够再充电的蓄电装置(10);
内燃机(35);
具有用于由所述内燃机驱动而向所述蓄电装置供给电力的发电功能和产生行驶驱动力的功能的至少一个电动机(30、32);
用于将蓄积于所述蓄电装置的电力作为商用电力而输出的电力输出装置(45、60);
具有与车辆的到目的地为止的行驶相关的信息的信息设备(70);以及
基于到目的地为止的所述信息和到目的地为止的所述电力输出装置的使用状况而控制所述蓄电装置的充电状态的控制装置(65),
所述控制装置还控制行驶模式的切换,该行驶模式包括:优先进行使所述内燃机停止而仅使用所述至少一个电动机的行驶的第一模式;以及使所述内燃机动作而将所述蓄电装置的充电状态维持成规定的目标的第二模式,
所述控制装置在所述蓄电装置的残余容量低于比表示所述残余容量的下限的第一阈值(S1)高出到目的地为止的所述电力输出装置的使用电力量的第二阈值(S2)时,将所述行驶模式设为所述第二模式。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆,其中,
所述控制装置基于到目的地为止的所述信息和所述电力输出装置的使用状况而预测到目的地为止的所述电力输出装置的使用电力量,基于其预测结果而控制所述蓄电装置的充电状态。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力车辆,其中,
所述控制装置根据来自所述电力输出装置的输出电力和到目的地为止的所需时间来预测所述使用电力量。
4.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力车辆,其中,
还具备用于供利用者输入所述电力输出装置的使用电力的输入装置,
所述控制装置根据从输入装置输入的使用电力和到目的地为止的所需时间来预测所述使用电力量。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆,其中,
所述控制装置在从所述残余容量低于所述第二阈值至车辆到达所述目的地为止的区间,按照所述电力输出装置的使用状况以所述残余容量渐减的方式改变所述残余容量的目标。
6.一种混合动力车辆的控制方法,其中,
所述混合动力车辆(100)具备:
能够再充电的蓄电装置(10);
内燃机(35);
具有用于由所述内燃机驱动而向所述蓄电装置供给电力的发电功能和产生行驶驱动力的功能的至少一个电动机(30、32);
用于将蓄积于所述蓄电装置的电力作为商用电力而输出的电力输出装置(45、60);以及
具有与车辆的到目的地为止的行驶相关的信息的信息设备(70),
所述混合动力车辆能够进行行驶模式的切换,该行驶模式包括:优先进行使所述内燃机停止而仅使用所述至少一个电动机的行驶的第一模式;以及使所述内燃机动作而将所述蓄电装置的充电状态维持成规定的目标的第二模式,
所述控制方法包括:
基于到目的地为止的所述信息和所述电力输出装置的使用状况而预测到目的地为止的所述电力输出装置的使用电力量的步骤;
基于其预测结果而控制所述蓄电装置的充电状态的步骤;
将所述蓄电装置的残余容量与比表示所述残余容量的下限的第一阈值(S1)高出到目的地为止的所述电力输出装置的使用电力量的第二阈值(S2)进行比较的步骤;以及
在所述残余容量低于所述第二阈值时,将所述行驶模式设为所述第二模式的步骤。
7.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力车辆的控制方法,其中,
所述预测的步骤包括根据来自所述电力输出装置的输出电力和到目的地为止的所需时间来预测所述使用电力量的步骤。
8.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力车辆的控制方法,其中,
还包括在从所述残余容量低于所述第二阈值至车辆到达所述目的地为止的区间,按照所述电力输出装置的使用状况以所述残余容量渐减的方式改变所述残余容量的目标的步骤。
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