CN103316041A - Surface chemical burn first-aid preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a surface chemical burn first-aid preparation. The preparation comprises a combat readiness dry-powder preparation, a constant-temperature preparation, a low-temperature constant-temperature universal preparation and a mixed liquid, wherein 1 liter of the combat readiness dry-powder preparation is formed by mixing 54.2g of ammonium carbonate, 43.8g of potassium hydroxide, 20g of lauryl sodium sulfate and 500mg of available chlorine disinfectant, and is used for decontaminating and inactivating a chemical weapon during war time; 1 liter of the constant temperature preparation consists of ammonium bicarbonate with 2.89Mol of bicarbonate radical, sylvite and mixture thereof; 1 liter of the low-temperature constant-temperature universal preparation consists of ammonium bicarbonate with 1.27Mol of bicarbonate radical and sylvite mixture; the mixed liquid consists of 20g of lauryl sodium sulfate, and sodium hypochlorite with 500mg of available chlorine; the mixed liquid is stored in a container filled with carbon dioxide with certain pressure, and preserved in a constant-temperature or low-temperature refrigeration environment, the bicarbonate of the mixed liquid can perform a bidirectional reaction with acid base, the surface active solvent has a function of removing harm of fat soluble substances to achieve the aim of inactivating and decontaminating most corrosive compounds.

Description

Body surface chemical burn emergency preparation

Technical field

The present invention is a kind of body surface chemical burn emergency medicine, especially can carry out to most chemical corrosivity materials the field first aid preparation of decontamination inactivation treatment.

Technical background

When the contact skin corrosive chemical, corrosive substance mainly destroys skin barrier by strong acid, alkali corrosion, fat melting and causes body surface to burn, and on-the-spot in time inactivation treatment can alleviate degree of injury to greatest extent, recovers after promoting to hinder.In the unexpected in-situ processing mode of present known chemistry, the one, a large amount of flushing with clean water dilutions, but be difficult at any time can both guarantee sufficient water source; The 2nd, in and therapy, utilize in the weak acid and highly basic, or in the weak base and strong acid, shortcoming is to distinguish in advance the erosion chemical property, and in N-process, can heat production causes thermal burn, the buffer agent neutralization is also because of the too weak practical value that lacks of neutralising capacity.And that special chemical decontamination product such as complete synthesis import oppose rotten Trane is expensive, the shortcoming that total man worker's synthetic pollutes.I am in the Full-function body surface chemical burn emergency preparation patent of invention (application number 201110401739.x) of December in 2011 application on the 7th, proposed to utilize bicarbonate that the two-way reaction of soda acid is prepared the scheme that the number of chemical thing is carried out deactivation, through experimentation more than a year, the application improves on its basis and optimizes, and forms final compound method and product.The serial experiment and the result that below carry out for the inventor:

Experiment 1, corrosive substance mainly damage skin by strong acid, alkali corrosion, several main paties of oxidation fat melting and cause body surface to burn.Wherein and main, rapid etch-stop efficacy result is good by neutralizing rapidly in the acid and alkali corrosion effect, and oxidation fat melting effect is slow, and effectively removing can obtain curative effect.

Experiment 2, buffer solution and bicarbonate solution can carry out two-way reaction with soda acid: the pH of known acid is below 5, the pH of alkali more than 11.5 namely to the skin injury.The inventor to phosphate buffer (PBS), potassium bicarbonate, sodium, calcium in and 1 part of 1N sulphuric acid and 1N sodium hydroxide solution to harmless pH the time volume ratio compare, the result is as follows:

In the above results, the dissolubility of unsaturated carbonate hydrogen calcium solution only has 8mmol/L, to soda acid two-way neutralising capacity minimum, phosphate buffer is slightly strong to the neutralising capacity of soda acid, the dissolubility of saturated sodium bicarbonate is limited, unsaturated carbonate hydrogen ammonium and saturated potassium hydrogen carbonate are best to the neutralising capacity of soda acid, and wherein ammonium salt slightly is better than potassium salt to the neutralising capacity of alkali, and potassium salt slightly is better than ammonium salt to the neutralising capacity of acid.Under 15-20 ℃ room temperature, the sodium bicarbonate dissolubility of saturated solution is a little more than 7.5%, ammonium bicarbonate is higher than 15%, and potassium bicarbonate is higher than 20%, and should adopt total carbonic acid hydrogen root is 15% the ammonium bicarbonate of 1.89Mol/L or 19.18% potassium bicarbonate or the two mixture; Under 4-8 ℃ low temperature environment, the dissolubility of potassium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate all reduces, slightly surpass 10% respectively, should adopt total carbonic acid hydrogen root is 10% the ammonium bicarbonate of 1.27Mol/L or 15% potassium bicarbonate or the two mixture, at this moment, although neutralising capacity weakens because of the reduction of concentration, low temperature can significantly alleviate the chemical attack effect, thereby reaches compensation effect.Because saturated potassium bicarbonate or ammonium salt solution can be separated out precipitation after adding other materials, therefore prescription is with 10% or 15% ammonium bicarbonate (HCO3 ^-Concentration be 1.89Mol/L) for benchmark.

Experiment 3, different pressures carbon dioxide are on the impact of 10% ammonium bicarbonate soln pH and neutralising capacity:

Experimental result shows, 10% ammonium bicarbonate soln is placed the carbon dioxide container, after 30 minutes balances of carbon dioxide through pressurization, along with pressure carbon dioxide in the container increases, the pH of solution is changed into approaching neutral by meta-alkalescence, solution strengthens the neutralising capacity of alkali, and to the neutralising capacity of acid without significant change.

Experiment 4, from the ammonium carbonate of the different pH of 15% ammonium bicarbonate equivalent and the foundation of potassium hydroxide mixed solution compound method:

The cation concn of mentioned solution is about 1.89Mol/L, and is identical with 15% ammonium bicarbonate soln, and the pH value of solution of new preparation is respectively 10,11,12 and 13, and pH can be reduced to about 9 gradually after open the placement.

Experiment 5, with the pH of the following solution of 15% ammonium bicarbonate equivalent and to the inactivating efficacy (take the phytoenzyme suppression ratio as detecting index, the lower inactivating efficacy that shows is better) of organophosphorus pesticide (DDV).

The cation concn of above-mentioned mentioned solution is about 1.89Mol/L, the pH of bicarbonate is below 9, to the essentially no deactivation of organophosphorus pesticide (or chemical weapons) toxicant, the solution such as ammonium carbonate, sodium, potassium salt are higher along with pH, and are stronger to the deactivation of organophosphorus pesticide (or chemical weapons) toxicant.Binding soln selects the pH11 mixed solution safer to the corrosivity of skin.In the past experiment shows, effective chlorine is that the chlorine-containing disinfectant (sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, sym-closene) of 500mg/L has stronger inactivating efficacy to the organophosphorus chemistry weapon, studies show that, except sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite (bleaching powder), sym-closene (trichlorine disinfection tablet) mix with above-mentioned carbonate solution and all produce precipitation.

Experiment 6, the emulsifying capacity of surfactant detect: add following substances in 15% ammonium bicarbonate soln, measure emulsifying capacity to liquid paraffin (unit second, longer representative emulsifying capacity is better).

The experimental result surface, various surfactants increase with concentration the emulsifying capacity of oils and fats, and sodium lauryl sulphate is best to the grease emulsifying ability.Clinical bromo geramine emulsifying capacity commonly used is not good, and imagination is utilized the skin care effect of Tween 80, but its reduction latter's when share with SDS emulsifying capacity.In order to bring into play to greatest extent the emulsification of sodium lauryl sulphate, avoid simultaneously the damage to skin, its concentration should select 2%.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of body surface chemical burn emergency medicine, especially can carry out to most chemical corrosivity materials the field first aid preparation of inactivation treatment.

Studies show that, corrosive substance mainly damages skin by strong acid, alkali corrosion, several main paties of oxidation fat melting and causes body surface to burn.Wherein the acid and alkali corrosion effect is rapid, and in every minute and second, the pH of acid is below 5, the pH of alkali is in the corrosion that can cause skin more than 11, can obtain good result by the rapid etch-stop that neutralizes, and oxidation fat melting effect is relatively slow, has ample time and remove and obtain curative effect; Bicarbonate solution can be simultaneously and soda acid generation two-way reaction, and effectively the pH with alkali or acid is reduced to harmless level.Wherein potassium salt and ammonium salt are high because of its dissolubility, has stronger neutralising capacity, ammonia is to the deactivation of the multiple harmful substances such as aldehyde in addition, it is ammonium salt and the potassium salt mixed solution of 1.89Mol/L that the room temperature dosage form should adopt total carbonic acid hydrogen bicarbonate radical, can reduce ammonium and potassium zest separately on the basis of guaranteeing curative effect, it is ammonium salt and the potassium salt mixed solution of 1.27Mol/L that 4-8 ℃ of deepfreeze dosage form should adopt total carbonic acid hydrogen root, at this moment, although neutralising capacity weakens because of the reduction of concentration, but low temperature can significantly alleviate the chemical attack effect, thereby reaches compensation effect; Be forced into carbon dioxide about 200kPa and can be with pH the ammonium carbonate potassium of 8 bicarbonate solution or higher pH and potassium hydroxide and change into and approach neutral liquid, and increase solution and the neutralising capacity of alkali is not affected neutralising capacity to acid; Sodium lauryl sulphate has stronger grease emulsifying ability, can effectively remove the oxidation fat-soluble compound, thereby eliminates the illeffects of fat melting material; The cation total concentration is that every 100ml of 1.89Mol/L contains 5.42 gram ammonium carbonate and restrains the mixed solution that the potassium hydroxide mixture can make pH11 with 4.38, the organophosphorus chemistry weapon had stronger deactivation, add sodium lauryl sulphate and the sodium hypochlorite that contains effective chlorine 500mg/L in this solution, can improve decontamination and inactivating efficacy to chemical weapons, thereby can be used as the war preparedness chemical weapons decontaminant of durante bello, this solution places the field first aid preparation that can change civilian control chemical burn in the container that is filled with carbon dioxide into.

The present invention is a kind of body surface chemical burn emergency preparation, it is characterized in that: its war preparedness chemical weapons decontaminant is contained 54.2 gram ammonium carbonate, 43.8 gram potassium hydroxide, 20 gram sodium lauryl sulphates, is contained the dry powder that 500mg effective chlorine disinfectant mixes by every 1000ml, time spent is dissolved in water, and this solution injection is filled with pressure and can be converted into civilian normal temperature type chemical burn emergency preparation at the CO 2 vessels of 200Kpa; Its normal temperature type chemical burn emergency preparation is contained the ammonium bicarbonate (content 0-150 gram) of 1.89Mol total carbonic acid hydrogen root by every 1000ml, potassium salt (content 0-200 gram) mixture, 20 gram sodium lauryl sulphates, the mixing material that contains the sodium hypochlorite composition of effective chlorine 500mg, wherein the mass ratio of ammonium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate be 1: 1 o'clock the most convenient, be that every 1000ml contains ammonium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate is 83.8 grams, configure when processed weighing reinforced, the adding distil water dissolving, this liquid-packing is in being filled with the container that pressure is 200kPa, balance 30 minutes, sealing is preserved, and opens container valve during use, and solution is just spouting under carbon dioxide gas pressure; The universal chemical burn emergency preparation of its low temperature room temperature is contained the ammonium bicarbonate (content 0-100 gram) of 1.27Mol total carbonic acid hydrogen root by every 1000ml, potassium salt (content 0-150 gram) mixture, 20 gram sodium lauryl sulphates, the mixing material that contains the sodium hypochlorite composition of effective chlorine 500mg, wherein ammonium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate mass ratio be 1: 1 o'clock the most convenient, be that every 1000ml contains ammonium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate is 65.3 grams, configure when processed weighing reinforced, add the distilled water dissolving, this liquid embedding is loaded on is filled with the container inner equilibrium 30 minutes that pressure is 200kPa, the closing containers valve, room temperature or 4-8 ℃ of deepfreeze stores, open container valve during use, solution is just spouting under carbon dioxide gas pressure.

Characteristics of the present invention and effect are: except sodium metal, potassium are met the living kickback material of waterishlogging, can carry out in the scene and decontamination to most corrosive compounds, stop rapidly chemical compound to the infringement of skin.

Claims (1)

1. body surface chemical burn emergency preparation, it is characterized in that: its war preparedness chemical weapons decontaminant is contained 54.2 gram ammonium carbonate, 43.8 gram potassium hydroxide, 20 gram sodium lauryl sulphates, is contained the dry powder that 500mg effective chlorine disinfectant mixes by every 1000ml, time spent is dissolved in water, and this solution injection is filled with pressure and can be converted into civilian normal temperature type chemical burn emergency preparation at the CO 2 vessels of 200Kpa; Its normal temperature type chemical burn emergency preparation is contained the ammonium bicarbonate (content 0-150 gram) of 1.89Mol total carbonic acid hydrogen root by every 1000ml, potassium salt (content 0-200 gram) mixture, 20 gram sodium lauryl sulphates, the mixing material that contains the sodium hypochlorite composition of effective chlorine 500mg, wherein the mass ratio of ammonium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate be 1: 1 o'clock the most convenient, be that every 1000ml contains ammonium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate is 83.8 grams, configure when processed weighing reinforced, the adding distil water dissolving, this liquid-packing is in being filled with the container that pressure is 200kPa, balance 30 minutes, sealing is preserved, and opens container valve during use, and solution is just spouting under carbon dioxide gas pressure; The universal chemical burn emergency preparation of its low temperature room temperature is contained the ammonium bicarbonate (content 0-100 gram) of 1.27Mol total carbonic acid hydrogen root by every 1000ml, potassium salt (content 0-150 gram) mixture, 20 gram sodium lauryl sulphates, the mixing material that contains the sodium hypochlorite composition of effective chlorine 500mg, wherein ammonium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate mass ratio be 1: 1 o'clock the most convenient, be that every 1000ml contains ammonium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate is 65.3 grams, configure when processed weighing reinforced, the adding distil water dissolving, this liquid embedding is loaded on is filled with the container inner equilibrium 30 minutes that pressure is 200kPa, the closing containers valve, room temperature or 4-8 ℃ of deepfreeze stores, open container valve during use, solution is just spouting under carbon dioxide gas pressure; Stop rapidly at the scene most chemical compounds to the corrosivity infringement of skin.