CN103305828B - A kind of method of work of the device of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer - Google Patents
A kind of method of work of the device of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103305828B CN103305828B CN201310214376.8A CN201310214376A CN103305828B CN 103305828 B CN103305828 B CN 103305828B CN 201310214376 A CN201310214376 A CN 201310214376A CN 103305828 B CN103305828 B CN 103305828B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- laser cladding
- cladding layer
- ultrasonic
- laser
- impact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 11
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007709 nanocrystallization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P6/00—Restoring or reconditioning objects
- B23P6/002—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors
- B23P6/007—Repairing turbine components, e.g. moving or stationary blades, rotors using only additive methods, e.g. build-up welding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明超声冲击强化激光熔覆层的装置及其方法，采用常规送粉式激光熔覆方法在熔覆基材表面制备激光熔覆层，一道激光熔覆完成后用超声冲击对激光熔覆层进行作用，多道多层激光熔覆时，激光熔覆与超声冲击交替进行，本发明显著强化激光熔覆层，细化激光熔覆层组织、消除激光熔覆层中残余应力，当超声冲击对激光熔覆层进行作用后，激光熔覆层中会形成一定深度的塑性变形层，塑性变形层内晶粒晶格发生畸变，形成高密度的位错，使激光熔覆层凝固组织中枝晶被打碎，并分散于激光熔覆层中，重新形成均匀分布的小晶核，细化晶粒，同时超声冲击向激光熔覆层中植入压应力，抵消激光熔覆层中拉应力，消除激光熔覆层中残余应力。
The device and method for strengthening the laser cladding layer by ultrasonic impact of the present invention adopts the conventional powder-feeding laser cladding method to prepare the laser cladding layer on the surface of the cladding substrate, and uses ultrasonic impact to the laser cladding layer after one laser cladding is completed. During multi-layer laser cladding, laser cladding and ultrasonic shock are carried out alternately. This invention significantly strengthens the laser cladding layer, refines the structure of the laser cladding layer, and eliminates the residual stress in the laser cladding layer. When the ultrasonic shock After acting on the laser cladding layer, a plastic deformation layer with a certain depth will be formed in the laser cladding layer, and the grain lattice in the plastic deformation layer will be distorted to form high-density dislocations, which will make the branches in the solidified structure of the laser cladding layer The crystals are broken and dispersed in the laser cladding layer, and evenly distributed small crystal nuclei are re-formed to refine the grains. At the same time, ultrasonic impact implants compressive stress into the laser cladding layer to offset the tensile stress in the laser cladding layer. , to eliminate the residual stress in the laser cladding layer.
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明涉及一种超声冲击强化激光熔覆层的装置的工作方法，属于激光加工应用技术领域和金属冲击强化技术领域。The invention relates to a working method of a device for ultrasonic impact strengthening of a laser cladding layer, and belongs to the technical field of laser processing application and the technical field of metal impact strengthening.
背景技术：Background technique:
激光熔覆技术利用高能激光束使材料快速熔化、凝固与基材形成良好的冶金结合，可用于材料表面改性、零件快速成形等领域。该技术具有熔覆层组织致密、实现材料梯度功能、成形快、生产周期短、柔性化程度高可控性好等特点，在航空航天、汽车、模具、船舶等行业中有着广泛的应用。相关研究表明，激光能量分布不均匀、熔覆过程中温度梯度大、凝固速率快等因素，导致熔覆层凝固组织不均匀、容易形成粗大的柱状枝晶等问题。同时激光熔覆层中存在着较大的残余应力，容易诱发裂纹的形成，影响熔覆层的强度、疲劳寿命、抗应力腐蚀性能等，使得熔覆层的性能大大降低。因此，细化熔覆层凝固组织、消除熔覆层中残余应力，使激光熔覆层得到强化具有重要研究意义。Laser cladding technology uses high-energy laser beams to rapidly melt and solidify materials to form a good metallurgical bond with the substrate, which can be used in the fields of material surface modification and rapid prototyping of parts. This technology has the characteristics of dense cladding layer structure, material gradient function, fast forming, short production cycle, high degree of flexibility and good controllability, etc. It is widely used in aerospace, automobile, mold, ship and other industries. Relevant studies have shown that factors such as uneven distribution of laser energy, large temperature gradient during the cladding process, and fast solidification rate lead to uneven solidification structure of the cladding layer and easy formation of thick columnar dendrites. At the same time, there is a large residual stress in the laser cladding layer, which easily induces the formation of cracks, affects the strength, fatigue life, and stress corrosion resistance of the cladding layer, and greatly reduces the performance of the cladding layer. Therefore, it is of great research significance to refine the solidification structure of the cladding layer, eliminate the residual stress in the cladding layer, and strengthen the laser cladding layer.
经过国内外公开发表的相关文献检索发现，目前强化激光熔覆层的主要方法有细晶强化和弥散强化，具体方法如：采用超声振动辅助工艺、采用交变磁场辅助工艺、在熔覆粉末中添加稀土元素等。例如，钦兰云(参见钦兰云，王维，杨光.中国激光，2013,40(1):1～6)采用超声振动辅助的方法，在Ti6Al4V基材上激光沉积成形TC4粉及Ti和Cr3C2混合粉末,得出超声振动辅助工艺的加入可实现沉积层组织成分均匀、晶粒细化，同时减小沉积层的残余应力，从而强化熔覆层。昆明理工大学的刘洪喜、蔡川雄等人在中国专利CN102703898A“一种交变磁场细化激光熔覆层凝固组织的方法及其装置”中提出通过交变磁场辅助激光熔覆，利用交变磁场产生的电磁力对液态金属起到一定搅拌作用，使熔覆层组织中树枝晶被击碎形成新的晶核，从而细化熔覆层凝固组织，消除熔覆层内的缺陷以强化熔覆层。然而这两种方法提供的振动力、搅拌作用较小，只能一定程度上强化熔覆层，具有一定的局限性。Li Jun(参见Li Jun，Wang Huiping,Li Manping,Yu Zhishui.Journal of Rare Earths,2011,29(5):477～483)在Ti6Al4V合金上用激光熔覆含稀土的熔覆层，得出由于稀土Y元素的掺入熔覆层中生成Y2O3弥散强化相，细化了熔覆层组织，使熔覆层得到强化。然而这种工艺成本较高，材料匹配性复杂，工艺推广存在一定难度。After searching the relevant literature published at home and abroad, it is found that the main methods of strengthening the laser cladding layer are fine-grain strengthening and dispersion strengthening. The specific methods are: using ultrasonic vibration-assisted technology, using alternating magnetic field-assisted Add rare earth elements, etc. For example, Qinlanyun (see Qinlanyun, Wang Wei, Yang Guang. China Laser, 2013, 40(1): 1-6) adopts the method assisted by ultrasonic vibration to form TC4 powder and Ti on Ti6Al4V substrate by laser deposition. By mixing powder with Cr 3 C 2 , it is concluded that the addition of ultrasonic vibration-assisted process can achieve uniform composition and grain refinement of the deposited layer, and at the same time reduce the residual stress of the deposited layer, thereby strengthening the cladding layer. Liu Hongxi, Cai Chuanxiong of Kunming University of Science and Technology proposed in the Chinese patent CN102703898A "A Method and Device for Alternating Magnetic Field to Refining the Solidified Structure of Laser Cladding Layer" that laser cladding is assisted by alternating magnetic field, and the laser cladding generated by alternating magnetic field is used. The electromagnetic force has a certain stirring effect on the liquid metal, causing the dendrites in the cladding layer to be crushed to form new crystal nuclei, thereby refining the solidification structure of the cladding layer, eliminating defects in the cladding layer, and strengthening the cladding layer. However, the vibration force and stirring effect provided by these two methods are small, and they can only strengthen the cladding layer to a certain extent, which has certain limitations. Li Jun (see Li Jun, Wang Huiping, Li Manping, Yu Zhishui. Journal of Rare Earths, 2011, 29(5): 477～483) used laser cladding layer containing rare earth on Ti6Al4V alloy, and concluded that due to The addition of rare earth Y element into the cladding layer produces Y 2 O 3 dispersion strengthening phase, which refines the structure of the cladding layer and strengthens the cladding layer. However, the cost of this process is high, the matching of materials is complicated, and it is difficult to promote the process.
超声冲击方法及其设备最早由乌克兰巴顿研究所科研人员于20世纪70年代发明，最初目的在于消除焊接结构中的残余应力。超声冲击作用后材料形成一定深度的塑性变形层，使得材料形成高密度的位错，破碎树枝晶臂，使柱状晶破碎成等轴晶，从而材料晶粒得到细化，凝固组织趋于均匀。同时在材料中植入一定的压应力，抵消材料中存在的残余拉应力，达到消除零件中残余应力的作用，从而减少缺陷的产生，提高材料的力学性能。超声冲击对材料的强化作用属于形变强化，能够细化组织、消除残余应力。此项技术在金属表面纳米晶化、降低焊接结构件残余应力等方面，取得显著成果。经检索，尚未发现采用超声冲击细化激光熔覆层凝固组织、消除熔覆层中残余应力，以强化激光熔覆层的方法。The ultrasonic impact method and its equipment were first invented by researchers at the Ukrainian Barton Institute in the 1970s. The original purpose was to eliminate residual stress in welded structures. After the ultrasonic impact, the material forms a certain depth of plastic deformation layer, which makes the material form high-density dislocations, breaks the dendrite arms, and breaks the columnar crystals into equiaxed crystals, so that the material grains are refined and the solidification structure tends to be uniform. At the same time, a certain compressive stress is implanted in the material to offset the residual tensile stress in the material, so as to eliminate the residual stress in the parts, thereby reducing the occurrence of defects and improving the mechanical properties of the material. The strengthening effect of ultrasonic impact on materials belongs to deformation strengthening, which can refine the structure and eliminate residual stress. This technology has achieved remarkable results in nanocrystallization of metal surfaces and reduction of residual stress in welded structural parts. After searching, no method has been found to use ultrasonic impact to refine the solidified structure of the laser cladding layer and eliminate the residual stress in the cladding layer to strengthen the laser cladding layer.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明提供一种超声冲击强化激光熔覆层的装置及其方法，利用超声冲击作用细化激光熔覆层凝固组织、减小激光熔覆层残余应力，解决激光熔覆层中组织不均匀、气孔裂纹缺陷、存在较大残余应力等问题。The invention provides a device and method for ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer, which uses ultrasonic impact to refine the solidification structure of laser cladding layer, reduce the residual stress of laser cladding layer, and solve the problem of uneven structure in laser cladding layer. Pore crack defects, large residual stress and other problems.
本发明采用如下技术方案：一种超声冲击强化激光熔覆层的装置，其包括CO2激光器、与CO2激光器相连的激光熔覆控制装置、与激光熔覆控制装置相连的工作台和同步送粉器、与所述同步送粉器相连的氩气气瓶和同轴送粉喷嘴、夹具装置及设置于所述夹具装置上的熔覆基材，所述氩气气瓶和所述同轴送粉喷嘴相连，所述同步送粉器通过所述同轴送粉喷嘴向所述熔覆基材喷送熔覆粉末，所述超声冲击强化激光熔覆层的装置还包括有设置于所述熔覆基材上方的超声冲击枪及与所述超声冲击枪相连的超声电源。The present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a device for ultrasonic shock strengthening laser cladding layer, which includes a CO2 laser, a laser cladding control device connected with the CO2 laser, a workbench connected with the laser cladding control device and a synchronous delivery A powder device, an argon gas cylinder connected to the synchronous powder feeder, a coaxial powder feeding nozzle, a clamp device and a cladding substrate arranged on the clamp device, the argon gas cylinder and the coaxial The powder feeding nozzles are connected, and the synchronous powder feeding device sprays cladding powder to the cladding substrate through the coaxial powder feeding nozzles, and the device for ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer also includes a An ultrasonic impact gun above the cladding substrate and an ultrasonic power supply connected to the ultrasonic impact gun.
本发明还采用如下技术方案：一种超声冲击强化激光熔覆层的方法，其包括如下步骤：The present invention also adopts the following technical scheme: a method for ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer, which includes the following steps:
首先，对待熔覆基体进行预处理，清洗烘干后，固定于工作台上，并对熔覆粉末进行烘干处理；First, the substrate to be clad is pretreated, cleaned and dried, fixed on the workbench, and the cladding powder is dried;
其次，在氩气保护的气氛中通过激光熔覆工艺制备激光熔覆层；Secondly, the laser cladding layer was prepared by laser cladding process in an atmosphere protected by argon;
然后，一道激光熔覆层制备完后，利用超声冲击枪对激光熔覆层进行超声冲击，确保覆盖率达到100％；Then, after a laser cladding layer is prepared, use an ultrasonic impact gun to ultrasonically impact the laser cladding layer to ensure that the coverage rate reaches 100%;
最后，一道激光熔覆层冲击结束后，进行下一道激光熔覆工艺，超声冲击与激光熔覆循环交替进行，最终实现完整激光熔覆层的制备。Finally, after the impact of one laser cladding layer is completed, the next laser cladding process is carried out, and the ultrasonic impact and laser cladding cycles are carried out alternately, finally realizing the preparation of a complete laser cladding layer.
所述超声冲击工艺参数为冲击频率为20～40Hz，电流为0.5～2.5A，所述超声冲击枪的冲击针直径为1～4mm，冲击针个数为1～3。The parameters of the ultrasonic impact process are as follows: the impact frequency is 20-40 Hz, the current is 0.5-2.5 A, the diameter of the impact pins of the ultrasonic impact gun is 1-4 mm, and the number of impact pins is 1-3.
本发明具有如下有益效果：The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1)本发明可显著细化激光熔覆层凝固组织，当超声冲击激光熔覆层后，形成的高密度位错使激光熔覆层凝固组织中枝晶被打碎，重新形成细小的晶核，使得激光熔覆层凝固组织细化；(1) The present invention can significantly refine the solidification structure of the laser cladding layer. When the ultrasonic impacts the laser cladding layer, the high-density dislocations formed cause the dendrites in the solidification structure of the laser cladding layer to be broken and re-form fine grains. Nucleation, making the solidified structure of the laser cladding layer refined;
(2)本发明可显著消除激光熔覆层残余应力，超声冲击作用于激光熔覆层后，在激光熔覆层内形成较高的压应力，使激光熔覆层中的残余拉应力被消除；(2) The present invention can significantly eliminate the residual stress of the laser cladding layer. After the ultrasonic shock acts on the laser cladding layer, a higher compressive stress is formed in the laser cladding layer, so that the residual tensile stress in the laser cladding layer is eliminated ;
(3)本发明可实现在线强化激光熔覆层，激光熔覆过程与超声冲击交替进行，每道每层激光熔覆层都受到超声冲击强化作用，相比激光熔覆完全结束后再对激光熔覆层进行强化，强化效果更加突出；(3) The present invention can achieve on-line strengthening of the laser cladding layer. The laser cladding process is carried out alternately with ultrasonic shock, and each layer of laser cladding layer is strengthened by ultrasonic shock. The cladding layer is strengthened, and the strengthening effect is more prominent;
(4)本发明超声冲击强化激光熔覆层的装置简单、成本低；(4) The device of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer of the present invention is simple, and cost is low;
(5)本发明无污染、工艺适用范围广，超声冲击对激光熔覆层作用为物理作用，不会对激光熔覆层等产生污染，并且超声冲击的作用强、影响范围大，适用于各种激光熔覆工艺。(5) The present invention is pollution-free and has a wide range of application. The ultrasonic shock has a physical effect on the laser cladding layer, and will not pollute the laser cladding layer. Moreover, the ultrasonic shock has a strong effect and a wide range of influence, and is applicable to various A laser cladding process.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1为本发明超声冲击强化激光熔覆层的装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the device for ultrasonic impact strengthening of laser cladding layers according to the present invention.
图2为本发明超声冲击强化激光熔覆层的装置的工艺流程图。Fig. 2 is a process flow chart of the device for ultrasonic shock strengthening of laser cladding layer according to the present invention.
图3为本发明在实施实例1时单道激光熔覆层的截面金相组织图。Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional metallographic structure diagram of a single-pass laser cladding layer in the implementation of Example 1 of the present invention.
图4为本发明在实施实例2时单道激光熔覆层的截面金相组织图。Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional metallographic structure diagram of a single-pass laser cladding layer in the implementation of Example 2 of the present invention.
图5为本发明在实施实例3时单道激光熔覆层的截面金相组织图。Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional metallographic structure diagram of a single-pass laser cladding layer in the implementation of Example 3 of the present invention.
其中：in:
1-CO2激光器，2-反射镜，3-氩气气瓶，4-同步送粉器，5-工作台，6-夹具装置，7-激光熔覆控制装置，8-超声电源，9-支架，10-超声冲击枪，11-同轴送粉喷嘴，12-激光熔覆层，13-熔覆基材。1-CO 2 laser, 2-mirror, 3-argon gas cylinder, 4-synchronous powder feeder, 5-table, 6-fixture device, 7-laser cladding control device, 8-ultrasonic power supply, 9- Bracket, 10 - ultrasonic impact gun, 11 - coaxial powder feeding nozzle, 12 - laser cladding layer, 13 - cladding substrate.
具体实施方式：detailed description:
请参照图1所示，本发明超声冲击强化激光熔覆层的装置包括CO2激光器1，反射镜2，氩气气瓶3，同步送粉器4，工作台5，夹具装置6，激光熔覆控制装置7，超声电源8，支架9，超声冲击枪10，同轴送粉喷嘴11，激光熔覆层12，熔覆基材13，其中，激光熔覆控制装置7与CO2激光器1、工作台5、同步送粉器4相连，氩气气瓶3与同步送粉器4、同轴送粉喷嘴11相连，同步送粉器4通过同轴送粉喷嘴11向夹具装置6上的熔覆基材13喷送熔覆粉末来实现激光熔覆过程，超声冲击可以手动执行或通过自动化装备来执行。Please refer to Fig. 1, the device for ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer of the present invention includes CO2 laser device 1, mirror 2, argon gas cylinder 3, synchronous powder feeder 4, workbench 5, clamping device 6, laser melting Covering control device 7, ultrasonic power supply 8, bracket 9, ultrasonic impact gun 10, coaxial powder feeding nozzle 11, laser cladding layer 12, cladding substrate 13, wherein, laser cladding control device 7 and CO2 laser 1, Workbench 5 and synchronous powder feeder 4 are connected, argon gas cylinder 3 is connected with synchronous powder feeder 4 and coaxial powder feeding nozzle 11, and synchronous powder feeder 4 is fed to the melting point on fixture device 6 through coaxial powder feeding nozzle 11. The cladding powder is sprayed on the cladding substrate 13 to realize the laser cladding process, and the ultrasonic impact can be performed manually or through automatic equipment.
请参照图1并结合图2至图5所示，本发明超声冲击强化激光熔覆层的方法，其通过使用同轴送粉式CO2激光器熔覆设备在熔覆基材表面制备激光熔覆层，再利用超声冲击设备对激光熔覆层进行冲击强化，其具体包括如下步骤：首先，对待熔覆基体13进行预处理，用丙酮清洗然后烘干，固定于工作台5，并对熔覆粉末进行烘干处理；其次，在氩气保护的气氛中通过普通激光熔覆工艺制备激光熔覆层；然后，一道激光熔覆层制备完后，利用手持或装置夹持超声冲击枪对激光熔覆层随即进行超声冲击，确保覆盖率达到100％；最后，一道激光熔覆层冲击结束后，进行下一道激光熔覆工艺，超声冲击与激光熔覆循环交替进行，最终实现完整激光熔覆层的制备。利用超声冲击的激振力，将激光熔覆层中生成的枝晶打碎，形成均匀的小晶核，使激光熔覆层组织细化并且均匀，消除激光熔覆层中气孔等缺陷。同时超声冲击植入的压应力，抵消激光熔覆层中残余拉应力，消除激光熔覆层中残余应力，利于下一道激光熔覆层的凝固。Please refer to Fig. 1 and in conjunction with Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, the method of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer of the present invention, which uses coaxial powder feeding CO2 laser cladding equipment to prepare laser cladding on the surface of cladding substrate layer, and then use ultrasonic impact equipment to perform impact strengthening on the laser cladding layer, which specifically includes the following steps: first, pretreat the substrate 13 to be clad, wash it with acetone and then dry it, fix it on the workbench 5, and perform cladding The powder is dried; secondly, the laser cladding layer is prepared by a common laser cladding process in an atmosphere protected by argon; then, after a laser cladding layer is prepared, the laser cladding layer is processed by a hand-held or device-clamped ultrasonic impact gun. The cladding layer is subjected to ultrasonic impact immediately to ensure that the coverage rate reaches 100%; finally, after the impact of one laser cladding layer is completed, the next laser cladding process is carried out, and the ultrasonic impact and laser cladding cycles are carried out alternately to finally achieve a complete laser cladding layer preparation. Using the excitation force of ultrasonic shock, the dendrites generated in the laser cladding layer are broken to form uniform small crystal nuclei, so that the structure of the laser cladding layer is refined and uniform, and defects such as pores in the laser cladding layer are eliminated. At the same time, the compressive stress implanted by ultrasonic impact can offset the residual tensile stress in the laser cladding layer, eliminate the residual stress in the laser cladding layer, and facilitate the solidification of the next laser cladding layer.
所采用激光熔覆工艺参数为：离焦量10～30mm、光斑直径1～4mm、送粉速度5～50g/min、激光功率1～3kw、扫描速度200～600mm/min。所采用超声冲击工艺参数为：冲击频率为20～40Hz，电流为0.5～2.5A，冲击针直径为1～4mm，冲击针个数为1～3，冲击参数在给定范围内根据实际需要选择，保证激光熔覆层的凝固组织与激光熔覆层中残余应力达到预期目标即可。冲击频率通过冲击设备规格来调整，电流可以通过控制超声电源实时调整，冲击针直径可以通过定制冲击针头来调整。The parameters of the laser cladding process used are: defocus amount 10-30mm, spot diameter 1-4mm, powder feeding speed 5-50g/min, laser power 1-3kw, scanning speed 200-600mm/min. The parameters of the ultrasonic shock process used are: shock frequency 20-40Hz, current 0.5-2.5A, shock needle diameter 1-4mm, number of shock needles 1-3, shock parameters selected according to actual needs within a given range , to ensure that the solidification structure of the laser cladding layer and the residual stress in the laser cladding layer reach the expected target. The impact frequency can be adjusted by the impact equipment specifications, the current can be adjusted in real time by controlling the ultrasonic power supply, and the impact needle diameter can be adjusted by customizing the impact needle.
下面结合具体的实施例来进一步阐述本发明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.
实施例1Example 1
激光熔覆基材为镍基高温合金GH4169，其化学成分如表1所示，尺寸为600mm×20mm×5mm。基材表面进行砂纸打磨、丙酮清洗，去除基材表面油污杂质等，并将其固定于工作台上；激光熔覆粉末材料为镍基高温合金粉末FGH95，粒度为100～150μm其化学成分如表1所示。将粉末置于干燥箱中100～200℃干燥6h,待冷却后加入送粉器中。采用同轴送粉方式进行激光熔覆过程，同时通入氩气保护，获得单道激光熔覆层。进行激光单道熔覆，采用的工艺参数为：激光功率1.5kw，扫描速度400mm/min，送粉速度24g/min，离焦量15mm，光斑直径3mm。The laser cladding substrate is nickel-based superalloy GH4169, its chemical composition is shown in Table 1, and its size is 600mm×20mm×5mm. The surface of the substrate is sanded and cleaned with acetone to remove oil and impurities on the surface of the substrate and fixed on the workbench; the laser cladding powder material is nickel-based superalloy powder FGH95 with a particle size of 100-150 μm and its chemical composition is shown in the table 1. Dry the powder in a drying oven at 100-200°C for 6 hours, and add it to the powder feeder after cooling. The laser cladding process is carried out by means of coaxial powder feeding, and argon gas protection is introduced at the same time to obtain a single laser cladding layer. For laser single-pass cladding, the process parameters used are: laser power 1.5kw, scanning speed 400mm/min, powder feeding speed 24g/min, defocusing amount 15mm, spot diameter 3mm.
沿激光扫描方向的垂直方向用线切割截取试样，表面经过砂纸研磨、抛光后用稀王水腐蚀，利用XJP-300金相显微镜观察熔覆层微观组织，所获得熔覆层截面金相组织图如图3所示。The sample was intercepted by wire cutting along the vertical direction of the laser scanning direction. The surface was ground and polished by sandpaper and then corroded with dilute aqua regia. The microstructure of the cladding layer was observed by XJP-300 metallographic microscope. The picture is shown in Figure 3.
表1 FGH95与GH4169主要化学成分(质量分数％)Table 1 Main chemical components of FGH95 and GH4169 (mass fraction%)
实施例2Example 2
激光单道熔覆过程与实施例1相同，激光单道熔覆后，用超声冲击枪对激光熔覆层表面进行冲击，超声冲击工艺参数为：冲击频率20Hz，电流0.5A，冲击针直径1mm，冲击针个数为1，冲击时保证激光熔覆层的覆盖率达100％。所获得激光熔覆层截面金相组织图如图4所示。The laser single-pass cladding process is the same as that of Example 1. After the laser single-pass cladding, use an ultrasonic impact gun to impact the surface of the laser cladding layer. The ultrasonic impact process parameters are: impact frequency 20Hz, current 0.5A, impact needle diameter 1mm , the number of impact pins is 1, and the coverage rate of the laser cladding layer is guaranteed to reach 100% during impact. The cross-sectional metallographic structure of the obtained laser cladding layer is shown in Fig. 4.
实施例3Example 3
激光单道熔覆过程与实施例1相同，激光单道熔覆后，用超声冲击枪对熔覆层表面进行冲击，超声冲击工艺参数为：冲击频率20Hz，电流2A，冲击针直径3mm，冲击针个数为1，冲击时保证激光熔覆层的覆盖率达100％。所获得激光熔覆层截面金相组织图如图5所示。The laser single-pass cladding process is the same as that of Example 1. After the laser single-pass cladding, use an ultrasonic impact gun to impact the surface of the cladding layer. The ultrasonic impact process parameters are: impact frequency 20Hz, current 2A, impact needle diameter 3mm, impact The number of needles is 1, and the coverage rate of the laser cladding layer is guaranteed to reach 100% during impact. The cross-sectional metallographic structure of the obtained laser cladding layer is shown in Fig. 5.
从图3可以看出激光熔覆层主要由柱状枝晶与等轴晶组成，且晶粒分布不均匀，局部区域晶粒尺寸较大。从图4、5中可以明显看出激光熔覆层组织由枝晶转变为等轴晶，晶粒分布趋于均匀且晶粒尺寸细小。It can be seen from Figure 3 that the laser cladding layer is mainly composed of columnar dendrites and equiaxed crystals, and the distribution of grains is uneven, and the grain size in local areas is relatively large. From Figures 4 and 5, it can be clearly seen that the structure of the laser cladding layer changes from dendrite to equiaxed grain, and the grain distribution tends to be uniform and the grain size is small.
通过以上激光熔覆层微观组织对比分析可以看出，经过超声冲击的激光熔覆层组织主要由等轴晶组成，相比没有经过超声冲击的激光熔覆层组织，柱状枝晶被振碎形成细小的等轴晶，且晶粒尺寸更加细小。由于超声冲击的作用，枝晶被击碎，形成新的晶核，使得激光熔覆层组织细化。激光熔覆层组织更加均匀减小因组织分布不均匀形成的内应力并且超声冲击作用在激光熔覆层中形成的压应力，减小激光熔覆层中残余应力，提高激光熔覆层质量，强化激光熔覆层。From the comparative analysis of the microstructure of the laser cladding layer above, it can be seen that the structure of the laser cladding layer subjected to ultrasonic shock is mainly composed of equiaxed crystals. Compared with the structure of the laser cladding layer without ultrasonic shock, columnar dendrites are formed by vibration Fine equiaxed crystals, and the grain size is even finer. Due to the effect of ultrasonic impact, the dendrites are crushed to form new crystal nuclei, which makes the structure of the laser cladding layer more refined. The structure of the laser cladding layer is more uniform, reducing the internal stress caused by the uneven distribution of the structure and the compressive stress formed in the laser cladding layer by ultrasonic impact, reducing the residual stress in the laser cladding layer and improving the quality of the laser cladding layer. Strengthen the laser cladding layer.
本发明通过超声冲击作用，在激光熔覆层表面施加很大的交变载荷，载荷作用同向，不断的冲击载荷作用效果叠加，在激光熔覆层中形成一定深度的塑性变形层。塑性变形层内晶粒晶格发生畸变，形成高密度的位错，使激光熔覆层凝固组织中枝晶被打碎，并分散于熔覆层中，重新形成均匀分布的小晶核。晶粒之间间隙缩小并填补熔覆层中气孔空隙，使得激光熔覆层凝固组织中晶粒更加均匀、细小并消除气孔等缺陷。同时晶粒发生变形细化时，会产生一定的内应力。当表层金属向四周延展时，由于表层与内层变形的不均匀性，内部金属阻碍表层金属的延展，形成较高的压应力。利用超声冲击产生的压应力抵消激光熔覆层中的残余拉应力，减少激光熔覆层中裂纹等缺陷的产生。激光熔覆层组织晶粒细化结合残余应力的消除，可以使激光熔覆层得到显著强化。In the present invention, a large alternating load is applied on the surface of the laser cladding layer through the ultrasonic impact action, and the load acts in the same direction, and the effect of the continuous impact load is superimposed to form a plastic deformation layer with a certain depth in the laser cladding layer. The crystal lattice in the plastic deformation layer is distorted, forming high-density dislocations, which breaks the dendrites in the solidification structure of the laser cladding layer and disperses them in the cladding layer to re-form uniformly distributed small crystal nuclei. The gap between the grains shrinks and fills the pores in the cladding layer, making the grains in the solidification structure of the laser cladding layer more uniform and fine, and eliminating defects such as pores. At the same time, when the grains are deformed and refined, a certain internal stress will be generated. When the surface metal extends to the surroundings, due to the inhomogeneity of the deformation of the surface and the inner layer, the inner metal hinders the extension of the surface metal, forming a higher compressive stress. The compressive stress generated by ultrasonic impact is used to offset the residual tensile stress in the laser cladding layer and reduce the occurrence of defects such as cracks in the laser cladding layer. The grain refinement of the laser cladding layer combined with the elimination of residual stress can make the laser cladding layer significantly strengthened.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下还可以作出若干改进，这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, some improvements can also be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements should also be regarded as the invention. protected range.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310214376.8A CN103305828B (en) | 2013-06-03 | 2013-06-03 | A kind of method of work of the device of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310214376.8A CN103305828B (en) | 2013-06-03 | 2013-06-03 | A kind of method of work of the device of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103305828A CN103305828A (en) | 2013-09-18 |
| CN103305828B true CN103305828B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
Family
ID=49131537
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310214376.8A Active CN103305828B (en) | 2013-06-03 | 2013-06-03 | A kind of method of work of the device of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103305828B (en) |
Families Citing this family (41)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103769746B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-10-28 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of impulse magnetic field auxiliary laser welding method and equipment |
| CN103862050B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-08-17 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Metal 3D printer based on interlayer impact strengthening process and printing method |
| CN104726687B (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2017-10-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Welding deformation and the method and apparatus of residual stress is reduced or eliminated with weldering ultrasonic impact |
| CN104313569A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-01-28 | 沈阳工业大学 | Method and device for introducing ultrasonic wave to laser deposition repair molten pool |
| CN104525944A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-22 | 北京理工大学 | High-energy beam-ultrasonic composite additive manufacturing method for metal materials |
| CN104785926B (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2017-03-01 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of ultrasonic field coupled laser MIG congruent melting pond aluminum alloy solder technology |
| CN104923789A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-09-23 | 华中科技大学 | Selective laser melting coupling impact wave equipment |
| CN107127339A (en) * | 2016-07-23 | 2017-09-05 | 大连美光速造科技有限公司 | A kind of metal 3D printing parts process of eliminating stress based on ultrasonic vibration |
| CN106216685B (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2018-10-19 | 赵晴堂 | Three-dimensional increases material and is molded intensifying method |
| CN106350817B (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2019-05-28 | 青岛理工大学 | Method and device for preparing crack-free cladding layer by ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser cladding |
| CN106735200B (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-11-23 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of laser gain material manufacture assisting ultrasonic vibration hammering device and application method |
| CN106735872B (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2019-01-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | The device and method that retrofit and processing are carried out to material using microbeam laser |
| CN107217253B (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2020-10-16 | 广东工业大学 | Light-powder-gas coaxial conveying laser cladding impact forging forming composite manufacturing method |
| CN107225244A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-10-03 | 苏州大学 | The method that a kind of regulation and control/reduction laser gain material manufactures part internal stress |
| CN107150175B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2019-06-14 | 淮阴工学院 | Laser real-time dynamic cladding repair and stress regulation system and method for damaged gears |
| CN107649682A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-02-02 | 西安交通大学 | The method of ultrasonic impact and sensing heating refining laser increasing material manufacturing titanium alloy crystal grain |
| CN107599118A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-01-19 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of method for preparing nanoscale eutectic ceramic material |
| CN109778178B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2021-06-04 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Device and method for composite surface treatment of laser-induced plasma impact cladding |
| CN109852785A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-07 | 天津大学 | It is a kind of for refining the ultrasonic impact apparatus and method of wind power bearing Alloy by Laser Surface Remelting crystal grain |
| CN108213748B (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2019-07-09 | 山东大学 | Device and method for measuring laser beam quality factor in laser-water jet composite machining |
| CN109158829A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2019-01-08 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of metal component optimization method and molding equipment based on increasing material technological forming |
| CN109023347A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-18 | 西安国宏天易智能科技有限公司 | A kind of isothermal forging mold laser repair method |
| CN109226761A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-18 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of device of the compound increasing material manufacturing of electron beam-supersonic synergic |
| CN110280884B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2020-12-22 | 吉林大学 | Ultrasonic impact toughening joint with groove added with alloy powder |
| CN110484914B (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2021-05-18 | 大连理工大学 | Device and method for follow-up ultrasonic-assisted direct laser deposition of ceramic-reinforced metal matrix composites |
| CN111005020B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-12-11 | 清华大学 | Method for preventing liquefaction cracks |
| CN111687553A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-22 | 西安交通大学 | Method for improving residual stress distribution of electric arc additive manufacturing structural part through ultrasonic impact |
| CN111702336B (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2022-04-12 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Laser shock auxiliary arc additive manufacturing method |
| CN112159979A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-01-01 | 国营芜湖机械厂 | Laser cladding repair method for abrasion of arc curved surface of cam of airplane control system |
| CN112853346B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-08 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Laser cladding remanufacturing device and remanufacturing method for railway vehicle axle |
| CN113249720B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2022-06-07 | 华侨大学 | A kind of laser cladding coating equipment and method |
| CN113564581A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-10-29 | 天津大学 | Composite energy field assisted laser cladding material increase method |
| CN113275597B (en) * | 2021-07-25 | 2021-10-29 | 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 | Method for controlling fine grain structure of metal additive fusion manufacturing component |
| CN113667972B (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2022-08-19 | 江苏科技大学 | Method for rapidly regulating and controlling stress of laser cladding layer based on acoustic/magnetic field |
| CN113737175B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-11-11 | 南通大学 | A laser composite repair method for the plunger rod of an ultra-high pressure plunger pump |
| CN113943908B (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-06-28 | 长春大学 | Device for strengthening laser cladding layer by high-frequency vibration rolling and using method thereof |
| CN114645270A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-06-21 | 江苏斯普瑞科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic vibration assisted laser cladding method and device |
| KR102458041B1 (en) * | 2022-08-05 | 2022-10-24 | 터보파워텍(주) | Method for repairing turbine rotor using ultrasonic vibration and laser clading |
| CN115627471B (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2024-10-18 | 武汉理工大学 | Preparation method of tungsten carbide reinforced coating on metal surface |
| CN117107233A (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2023-11-24 | 南昌航空大学 | Preparation method and application of a reinforced high-entropy alloy coating |
| CN117733474B (en) * | 2023-12-20 | 2024-06-11 | 南通斯科赛智能装备有限公司 | High-precision nonstandard automatic ambient surface rolling machine |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020043313A1 (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2002-04-18 | Uit, L.L.C. Company | Ultrasonic impact methods for treatment of welded structures |
| CN101705462A (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2010-05-12 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for eliminating welding stress of thin-wall piece |
| US20120217226A1 (en) * | 2009-10-31 | 2012-08-30 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Method and device for producing a component of a turbomachine |
-
2013
- 2013-06-03 CN CN201310214376.8A patent/CN103305828B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020043313A1 (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2002-04-18 | Uit, L.L.C. Company | Ultrasonic impact methods for treatment of welded structures |
| US20120217226A1 (en) * | 2009-10-31 | 2012-08-30 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Method and device for producing a component of a turbomachine |
| CN101705462A (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2010-05-12 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Method for eliminating welding stress of thin-wall piece |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103305828A (en) | 2013-09-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103305828B (en) | A kind of method of work of the device of ultrasonic impact strengthening laser cladding layer | |
| CN108620584B (en) | Laser additive manufacturing method and device for fully equiaxed metal components | |
| CN105714284B (en) | The method and apparatus of ultrasonic vibration-electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field auxiliary laser cladding | |
| CN106637200A (en) | Method for preparing metallic-matrix ceramic coating by using laser cladding assisted by heat, sound and magnetic complex energy field | |
| CN107400887A (en) | A kind of method that ultrasonic burnishing strengthens laser cladding layer | |
| CN112981177B (en) | Titanium alloy powder capable of being used for selective laser melting 3D printing, selective laser melting titanium alloy and preparation thereof | |
| CN111299578B (en) | Method for electromagnetic-assisted direct laser deposition of nickel-based superalloy-titanium alloy functionally-graded material | |
| CN107470627B (en) | Ultrasonic-assisted 3D cold printing device and method for metal glass composite material | |
| CN104313571B (en) | Silk powder synchronizes to be sent into the method that laser deposition prepares aluminum matrix composite component | |
| CN103602977B (en) | Realize the device of pulse current refinement Laser Cladding Metal Layer solidified structure method | |
| CN102703898A (en) | Method for refining solidified structure of laser cladding layer by using alternating magnetic field and device thereof | |
| CN103741138B (en) | Static magnetic field-laser coaxial composite fusion covering method and device | |
| CN106757001A (en) | The method and apparatus that electromagnetic agitation auxiliary carries out laser melting coating under a kind of pressure cooler environment | |
| CN104086184B (en) | The method of the clean shaped ceramic part of a kind of ultrasonic wave added Laser Near | |
| CN102719823A (en) | Method for improving microstructure of laser remelting composite coating through vibration | |
| CN103114286A (en) | Method for repairing titanium alloy by ultrasound-assisted laser | |
| CN113445041B (en) | Preparation method of low-cost light high-entropy alloy/aluminum oxide composite coating on surface of magnesium alloy | |
| CN104831276B (en) | A kind of method that decrystallized gradient composites are prepared by laser remolten | |
| CN109022920A (en) | A kind of 4D printing Ti-Ni marmem of flawless and preparation method thereof | |
| CN115007883B (en) | Laser cladding deposition and simultaneous cold spray composite additive manufacturing system and method | |
| CN110976845A (en) | A powder modification method for eliminating thermal cracks of 7075 aluminum alloy formed by laser 3D printing | |
| CN103540931A (en) | Method and device for alloying composite processing of laser surface through mechanical vibration assisted induction heating | |
| CN104911585A (en) | Preparation method of composite liner | |
| CN202323028U (en) | Vibrating device for inhibiting cracks of laser cladding layer | |
| CN102373469A (en) | Method for inhibiting laser cladding layer cracks through continuous mechanical vibration |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |