CN103290258B - A kind of self-lubricating copper based wear-resistant alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of self-lubricating copper based wear-resistant alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- WMOHXRDWCVHXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [La].[Ce] Chemical compound [La].[Ce] WMOHXRDWCVHXGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种自润滑铜基耐磨合金，由以下重量百分比的元素组成：Cu：75-85wt%、Sn：5-8wt%、镧铈混合稀土金属：0.5-2wt%以及余量的铅；按配比称取各原料后，在中频感应炉中进行合金的预熔炼，然后通过喷射成形设备进行雾化沉积，形成所述的合金材料；所述合金材料在传统的ZCuPb15Sn8铸造合金的基础上，采用添加稀土元素和喷射沉积新型制备工艺，提高了基体强度与自润滑性，耐磨性能显著提高。The invention relates to a self-lubricating copper-based wear-resistant alloy, which is composed of the following elements by weight percentage: Cu: 75-85wt%, Sn: 5-8wt%, lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth metal: 0.5-2wt% and the balance of lead ; After weighing each raw material according to the proportion, carry out pre-smelting of the alloy in an intermediate frequency induction furnace, and then carry out atomization deposition by spray forming equipment to form the alloy material; the alloy material is based on the traditional ZCuPb15Sn8 casting alloy , using a new preparation process of adding rare earth elements and spray deposition, which improves the strength and self-lubrication of the matrix, and significantly improves the wear resistance.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种自润滑铜基耐磨合金及其制备方法，属于耐磨合金材料制备领域。The invention relates to a self-lubricating copper-based wear-resistant alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of preparation of wear-resistant alloy materials.
背景技术Background technique
内燃机作为当今主要的设备动力源之一是国家工业化发展的基础，内燃机中轴承的自润滑耐磨材料是设备能维持长时间、高速运转的关键材料，所以研制和改进相关的耐磨材料成为提高设备性能的重中之重。As one of the main power sources of equipment today, the internal combustion engine is the foundation of the country's industrialization development. The self-lubricating and wear-resistant materials of the bearings in the internal combustion engine are the key materials for the equipment to maintain long-term and high-speed operation, so the development and improvement of related wear-resistant materials has become an improvement. A top priority for device performance.
目前，轴承耐磨材料组织的构成主要由软的弥散相分布在硬的基体上，要提高材料的耐磨性能，必须改进弥散相的颗粒尺寸和分布，同时提高基体的性能，而材料自润滑性能的提升，也必须重新设计弥散相的构成和成分。因此，设计弥散相的构成和成分，成为了设计或改进内燃机中轴承材料的关键。ZCuPb15Sn8为代表的铜基合金通过以细弥的铅相，达到了内燃机中轴承材料的设计要求，但是，ZCuPb15Sn8合金还存在着组织不够细化，基体强度较低的缺点，限制了内燃机中轴承材料的使用寿命。本专利以上述情况为背景，通过添加组合稀土金属，并结合新型的喷射成形工艺，细化弥散相的组织并增加基体强度，从而提高内燃机中轴承材料的使用寿命，上述改进目前在国内外资料中尚未见公开报道。At present, the structure of bearing wear-resistant materials is mainly composed of soft disperse phase distributed on a hard matrix. To improve the wear resistance of the material, the particle size and distribution of the disperse phase must be improved, and the performance of the matrix must be improved, while the material is self-lubricating. To improve the performance, the composition and composition of the dispersed phase must also be redesigned. Therefore, designing the composition and composition of the dispersed phase has become the key to designing or improving bearing materials in internal combustion engines. Copper-based alloys represented by ZCuPb15Sn8 meet the design requirements of bearing materials in internal combustion engines through fine lead phases. However, ZCuPb15Sn8 alloys still have the disadvantages of insufficient microstructure and low matrix strength, which limits the bearing materials in internal combustion engines. service life. Based on the above situation, this patent refines the structure of the dispersed phase and increases the strength of the matrix by adding combined rare earth metals and a new type of spray forming process, thereby improving the service life of bearing materials in internal combustion engines. The above improvements are currently available at home and abroad. There is no public report yet.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种自润滑铜基耐磨合金及其制备方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a self-lubricating copper-based wear-resistant alloy and a preparation method thereof.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种自润滑铜基耐磨合金，由以下重量百分比的组分组成：A self-lubricating copper-based wear-resistant alloy, consisting of the following components in weight percent:
所述镧铈混合稀土金属的重量百分组成为：Ce45％～48％、La17％～30％、Pr4％～8％、Nd10％～18％以及余量的其它稀土元素。The weight percent of the lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth metal is composed of: 45%-48% Ce, 17%-30% La, 4%-8% Pr, 10%-18% Nd and other rare earth elements in the balance.
优选的，所述镧铈混合稀土金属的型号为CGXT(纯度99%)，由包头市晨光新特金属有限责任公司提供。Preferably, the model of the lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth metal is CGXT (purity 99%), provided by Baotou Chenguang Xinte Metal Co., Ltd.
优选的，所述原料Cu的纯度为99.9%。Preferably, the purity of the raw material Cu is 99.9%.
优选的，所述原料Sn的纯度为99.9%。Preferably, the purity of the raw material Sn is 99.9%.
优选的，所述原料铅的纯度为99.9%。Preferably, the purity of the lead raw material is 99.9%.
本发明还提供了所述一种自润滑铜基耐磨合金的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a preparation method of the self-lubricating copper-based wear-resistant alloy, comprising the following steps:
（1）按配比称取各原料组分；(1) Weigh each raw material component according to the proportion;
（2）置于中频感应炉中进行合金的预熔炼；(2) Pre-smelting the alloy in an intermediate frequency induction furnace;
（3）采用喷射成形装置，将上述合金重新融化后，进行超音速气流雾化沉积，制得所述的自润滑铜基耐磨合金。(3) Using a spray forming device to re-melt the above-mentioned alloy, and then carry out supersonic gas flow atomization deposition to prepare the self-lubricating copper-based wear-resistant alloy.
优选的，步骤（2）中，各原料的添加顺序为：先放入Cu、Sn和铅，融化后，再加入组合稀土金属；所述预熔炼的温度为1100-1300℃、预熔炼时间20min-40min，预熔炼过程搅拌3-15次。Preferably, in step (2), the order of adding the raw materials is: put Cu, Sn and lead first, and then add the combined rare earth metal after melting; the temperature of the pre-smelting is 1100-1300°C, and the pre-smelting time is 20 minutes -40min, stirring 3-15 times during the pre-smelting process.
优选的，步骤（3）中，所述超音速气流雾化沉积的气体流量为600-1000L/min；雾化气体可选用氮气、氩气或其混合气体；雾化沉积距离为30-100cm；雾化气体的作用是防止合金在雾化过程中氧化。Preferably, in step (3), the gas flow rate of the supersonic gas atomization deposition is 600-1000L/min; the atomization gas can be nitrogen, argon or their mixed gas; the atomization deposition distance is 30-100cm; The role of the atomizing gas is to prevent the alloy from oxidizing during the atomization process.
所述合金材料可替代ZCuPb15Sn8用于制造冷轧机的铜冷却管、内燃机的双金属轴瓦，以提高这些机械的使用寿命。The alloy material can replace ZCuPb15Sn8 and be used to manufacture copper cooling pipes of cold rolling mills and bimetal bearing bushes of internal combustion engines, so as to improve the service life of these machines.
本发明的技术效果及优点在于：Technical effect and advantage of the present invention are:
本发明提供了一种新型的高性能铜基耐磨合金，该合金相比传统的铸造ZCuPb15Sn8，由于添加了稀土金属，并采用了喷射沉积这种新型制备工艺制备后，其基体强度与自润滑性进一步提高，从而相比传统的铸造ZCuPb15Sn8在耐磨性能上有明显提高。该合金的磨损率相比传统ZCuPb15Sn8降低了1/3左右，基体硬度提高了约30%左右。The invention provides a new type of high-performance copper-based wear-resistant alloy. Compared with the traditional casting ZCuPb15Sn8, the alloy has the same matrix strength and self-lubricating properties due to the addition of rare earth metals and the use of spray deposition, a new preparation process. The resistance is further improved, so that the wear resistance is significantly improved compared with the traditional cast ZCuPb15Sn8. Compared with the traditional ZCuPb15Sn8, the wear rate of the alloy is reduced by about 1/3, and the hardness of the matrix is increased by about 30%.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的技术方案。应理解，本发明提到的一个或多个方法步骤并不排斥在所述组合步骤前后还存在其它方法步骤或在这些明确提到的步骤之间还可以插入其它方法步骤；还应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。而且，除非另有说明，各方法步骤的编号仅为鉴别各方法步骤的便利工具，而非为限制各方法步骤的排列次序或限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容的情况下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。The technical solutions of the present invention are illustrated below through specific examples. It should be understood that one or more method steps mentioned in the present invention do not exclude that there are other method steps before and after the combined steps or other method steps can be inserted between these explicitly mentioned steps; it should also be understood that these The examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, unless otherwise stated, the numbering of each method step is only a convenient tool for identifying each method step, and is not intended to limit the sequence of each method step or limit the scope of the present invention. The change or adjustment of its relative relationship is in In the case of no substantive change in the technical content, it shall also be regarded as the applicable scope of the present invention.
实施例1：Example 1:
（1）称取1510g Cu（纯度为99.9%）、138g Sn（纯度为99.9%）、256g铅（纯度为99.9%），以及38g镧铈混合稀土金属（型号CGXT，厂家：包头市晨光新特金属有限责任公司）；(1) Weigh 1510g Cu (purity 99.9%), 138g Sn (purity 99.9%), 256g lead (purity 99.9%), and 38g lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth metal (model CGXT, manufacturer: Baotou Chenguang Xinte Metal LLC);
（2）将上述原料按顺序加入中频感应炉中进行合金的预熔炼，先放入Cu、Sn和铅，融化后加入镧铈混合稀土金属；预熔炼的温度为1250℃、预熔炼时间20min，预熔炼过程搅拌6次，以达到完全混合均匀；(2) Put the above raw materials into the intermediate frequency induction furnace in order for alloy pre-smelting, put Cu, Sn and lead first, add lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth metal after melting; the pre-smelting temperature is 1250 ℃, the pre-smelting time is 20min, Stir 6 times during the pre-smelting process to achieve complete mixing;
（3）然后用超音速雾化喷嘴进行合金的超音速气流雾化沉积过程：雾化气体为氮气，气体流量650L/min；雾化沉积的距离为40cm；雾化沉积结束即制得所述的一种自润滑铜基耐磨合金。(3) Then use a supersonic atomizing nozzle to carry out the supersonic gas flow atomization deposition process of the alloy: the atomization gas is nitrogen, and the gas flow rate is 650L/min; the atomization deposition distance is 40cm; the atomization deposition is completed and the obtained A self-lubricating copper-based wear-resistant alloy.
首先对内燃机的原双金属轴瓦材料（ZCuPb15Sn8）进行取样，在普通柴油条件下与本材料进行相同条件的滑动摩擦试验，试验标准参考：GB1176-87。First, sample the original bimetallic bearing material (ZCuPb15Sn8) of the internal combustion engine, and conduct a sliding friction test under the same conditions as this material under ordinary diesel oil conditions. The test standard reference: GB1176-87.
试验表明：在滑动距离1km，荷载500N的条件下，对比材料的干摩擦磨损率为25.8×10-12m3/m、本材料磨损率13.9×10-12m3/m，本实施例制备的合金材料最终的磨损率低于原材料达46%，而其滑动摩擦系数的最低值，明显的低于原材料的最低值。The test shows that: under the conditions of sliding distance 1km and load 500N, the dry friction and wear rate of the comparison material is 25.8×10 -12 m 3 /m, and the wear rate of this material is 13.9×10 -12 m 3 /m. The final wear rate of the alloy material is 46% lower than that of the raw material, and the lowest value of its sliding friction coefficient is obviously lower than that of the raw material.
实施例2Example 2
（1）称取1523g Cu（纯度为99.9%）、144g Sn（纯度为99.9%）、270g铅（纯度为99.9%）、11g镧铈混合稀土金属（型号CGXT，厂家：包头市晨光新特金属有限责任公司）；(1) Weigh 1523g Cu (purity 99.9%), 144g Sn (purity 99.9%), 270g lead (purity 99.9%), 11g lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth metal (model CGXT, manufacturer: Baotou City Chenguang New Special Metals limited liability company);
（2）将上述原料按顺序加入中频感应炉中进行合金的预熔炼，先放入Cu、Sn和铅，融化后，再加入镧铈混合稀土金属；预熔炼的温度为1230℃、预熔炼时间30min，预熔炼过程搅拌10次，以达到完全混合均匀；(2) Put the above raw materials into the intermediate frequency induction furnace in order for alloy pre-smelting, first put Cu, Sn and lead, after melting, then add lanthanum cerium mixed rare earth metal; the pre-smelting temperature is 1230 ℃, the pre-smelting time 30min, stirring 10 times during the pre-smelting process to achieve complete mixing;
（3）然后用超音速雾化喷嘴进行合金的超音速气流雾化沉积过程：雾化气体为氩气，气体流量700L/min；雾化沉积的距离为60cm；雾化沉积结束即制得所述的一种自润滑铜基耐磨合金。(3) Then use a supersonic atomization nozzle to carry out the supersonic gas flow atomization deposition process of the alloy: the atomization gas is argon, and the gas flow rate is 700L/min; the atomization deposition distance is 60cm; the atomization deposition is completed and the obtained A self-lubricating copper-based wear-resistant alloy described above.
把本实施例制备的合金材料做成双金属轴瓦进行普通柴油内燃机中的滑动轴承的实际内燃机试车，并与由原ZCuPb15Sn8材料制备的双金属轴瓦进行比较。The alloy material prepared in this example was made into a bimetallic bearing bush to carry out the actual internal combustion engine test run of the sliding bearing in an ordinary diesel internal combustion engine, and compared with the bimetallic bearing bush prepared from the original ZCuPb15Sn8 material.
测量方法是：先称量两种材料所做的相同部件的原质量和密度，等到规定的时间节点，再拆下两种材料所做的同种双金属轴瓦部件进行称量，然后进行一定的数据处理后得到该相对的结果。也就是说本发明的合金材料对于提高普通柴油内燃机的寿命有一定优势。The measurement method is: first weigh the original mass and density of the same part made of two materials, wait until the specified time node, and then remove the same bimetal bearing part made of the two materials for weighing, and then carry out a certain measurement. The relative result is obtained after data processing. That is to say, the alloy material of the present invention has certain advantages for improving the service life of ordinary diesel internal combustion engines.
结果发现：两个星期后，用本实施例合金材料制备双金属轴瓦的质量损失量相比原ZCuPb15Sn8材料减少约11%左右；四个星期后，这个差距达到17%左右。It was found that after two weeks, the mass loss of the bimetal bearing bush prepared with the alloy material of this example was about 11% lower than that of the original ZCuPb15Sn8 material; after four weeks, the difference reached about 17%.
实施例3：Example 3:
（1）称取1512g Cu（纯度为99.9%）、140g Sn（纯度为99.9%）、278g铅（纯度为99.9%），以及32g镧铈混合稀土金属（型号CGXT，厂家：包头市晨光新特金属有限责任公司）；(1) Weigh 1512g Cu (purity 99.9%), 140g Sn (purity 99.9%), 278g lead (purity 99.9%), and 32g lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth metal (model CGXT, manufacturer: Baotou Chenguang Xinte Metal LLC);
（2）将上述原料按顺序加入中频感应炉中进行合金的预熔炼，先放入Cu、Sn和铅，融化后加入组合稀土金属；预熔炼的温度为1250℃、预熔炼时间40min，预熔炼过程搅拌8次，以达到完全混合均匀；(2) Put the above raw materials into the intermediate frequency induction furnace in order for alloy pre-smelting, put Cu, Sn and lead first, and then add combined rare earth metal after melting; the pre-smelting temperature is 1250°C, the pre-smelting time is 40min, The process is stirred 8 times to achieve complete mixing;
（3）然后用超音速雾化喷嘴进行合金的超音速气流雾化沉积过程：雾化气体为氮气和氩气的混合气体（混合体积比为1：1），气体流量1000L/min；雾化沉积的距离为100cm；雾化沉积结束即制得所述的一种自润滑铜基耐磨合金。(3) Then use a supersonic atomization nozzle to carry out the supersonic gas flow atomization deposition process of the alloy: the atomization gas is a mixed gas of nitrogen and argon (mixing volume ratio is 1:1), and the gas flow rate is 1000L/min; atomization The deposition distance is 100 cm; the self-lubricating copper-based wear-resistant alloy is obtained after the atomization deposition is completed.
把本实施例制备的合金材料做成小段冷却水管置于自制的试验冷轧机并与由原ZCuPb15Sn8材料制备的相同尺寸小段进行分别试验。The alloy material prepared in this example was made into a small piece of cooling water pipe, placed in a self-made test cold rolling mill, and tested separately with the small piece of the same size prepared from the original ZCuPb15Sn8 material.
测量方法是：先称量两种材料所做的相同部件的原质量和密度，等到规定的时间节点，再拆下两种材料所做的小段冷却水管进行称量，然后进行一定的数据处理后得到该相对的结果。也就是说本发明的合金材料对于提高冷轧机的寿命有一定优势。The measurement method is: first weigh the original mass and density of the same part made of two materials, wait until the specified time node, and then remove the small section of cooling water pipe made of the two materials for weighing, and then perform certain data processing get this relative result. That is to say, the alloy material of the present invention has certain advantages in improving the service life of the cold rolling mill.
结果发现：两个星期后，用本实施例合金材料制备冷却水管的质量损失量相比原ZCuPb15Sn8材料减少约15%左右；四个星期后，这个差距达到22%左右。It was found that after two weeks, the mass loss of the cooling water pipe prepared with the alloy material of this embodiment was reduced by about 15% compared with the original ZCuPb15Sn8 material; after four weeks, the difference reached about 22%.
上述实例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人是能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above examples are only to illustrate the technical conception and characteristics of the present invention, and its purpose is to allow people familiar with this technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and cannot limit the protection scope of the present invention with this. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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