CN103263746A - Novel fire extinguishing agent prepared from surface grafting starch - Google Patents
Novel fire extinguishing agent prepared from surface grafting starch Download PDFInfo
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- CN103263746A CN103263746A CN2013102229152A CN201310222915A CN103263746A CN 103263746 A CN103263746 A CN 103263746A CN 2013102229152 A CN2013102229152 A CN 2013102229152A CN 201310222915 A CN201310222915 A CN 201310222915A CN 103263746 A CN103263746 A CN 103263746A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel fire extinguishing agent prepared from surface grafting starch. The novel fire extinguishing agent mainly comprises the surface grafting starch, a flame retardant and a surfactant. The fire extinguishing agent rapidly forms aqueous gel which covers the surface of a comburent after absorbing heat, air is isolated, the heated object is cooled, and thus various fires can be effectively extinguished.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of extinguishing chemical.
Background technology
Fire is a human big public enemy, always is engraved in the world fire is taking place.General regional water resource is abundanter, and utilizes conveniently, and water has bigger thermal capacitance, can play good cooling effect.So water is apparent in the use of fire-fighting domain.Often most of extinguishing chemical all is to form through a large amount of water dilutions, but water also has the defective of self, and very little such as the viscosity of water, mobile strong, the time that rests on body surface is short; Water evaporates easily when running into big fire and runs away, and is difficult to arrive the surface of comburant; And in forest, the grassland, the area that water resources such as mountain region lack, the fire extinguishing effect of water is more awkward.And the extinguishing chemical of now a lot of types contains halogenated alkane (as breathing out dragon series), and this has caused serious pollution to atmosphere, has destroyed the ozone layer structure, and people are just making great efforts to replace it with fire-extinguishing agent.
So the someone has invented the water-saving extinguishing chemical of many water conservations.As in water, adding thickener, increase water in the time of staying of body surface; In water, add surfactant, thereby make it film forming and play good covering effect, as Chinese patent publication number CN1535742A, open day is on October 13rd, 2004, name is called " aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent that comprises anion and fluorine-containing cationic surfactant " and Chinese patent publication number CN1413749A, open day is on April 30th, 2003, and name is called " fire foam with covering function "; Also have in water, to add suction type resin, water is adsorbed on the gel the inside, reduce the loss of water etc.Chinese patent publication number CN1557516A for example, open day is on December 29th, 2004, name is called " super absorbent resin water absorbent gel extinguishing chemical and application thereof ", it discloses " super absorbent resin water absorbent gel extinguishing chemical and application thereof ", mainly solve and improve the water conservation extinguishing property, and can save water resource.Be characterized in super absorbent resin-synthetic resin system, starch system and cellulose-based three kinds of serial super absorbent resins mixing extinguishing chemical as the core component with water.Its application can combine with traditional hydraulic giant fire extinguishing, and mode has: super absorbent resin is mixed generating water absorbent gel in half an hour with big water gaging, spray towards the place that catches fire with hydraulic giant; The high hydroscopic resin fine powder mixes with big water gaging, sprays to the place that catches fire with hydraulic giant, generates the water absorbent gel fire extinguishing in 15～60 second time; Super absorbent resin is mixed into slurry with the organic solution of its quality 0.5～5% sprays to the place that catches fire with hydraulic giant water; Super absorbent resin 100 order fine powders are scattered the surface, position that may be caught fire, spray water then to resin, make its gelation fire prevention and fire extinguishing, the suction of this invention water absorbent gel is a process, if the time is insufficient, Xi Shui effect will be had a greatly reduced quality so; And the viscosity of water absorbent gel changes very little, if do not produce the effect of adhesion in the limited time, so also will influence the effect that it covers fire extinguishing; Water-absorbent resin powder can become big behind water absorption and swelling in addition, and very possible blocking pipe causes the obstruction of fire plant, and in addition, starch density (is generally 1.6g/ than water is big
m 3 About), through starch very fast meeting sedimentation layering in water of any processing, be not unfavorable for long-time storage.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fire-extinguishing agent by the preparation of surface grafting starch, it is slow to be intended to solve in the prior art water-absorbing resins absorption speed, problems such as suction back viscosity is little, and the water conservation effect is bad, and obstruction fire plant pipeline and storage stability are bad.
A kind of fire-extinguishing agent with the preparation of table graft starch is made of 5-50% surface grafting starch, 2-15% fire retardant, 0-5% surfactant, 0.1%-1% Antisepticize and mildew preventive, excess water following component by mass percent.
Further, 0 ℃～50 ℃ temperature, it is that 10%～50% amidin joins in the reactor that starch is made into concentration, stirring and logical inert gas are until catching up with clean oxygen, the back adds 0.01%～0.1% oxidant and hydrophilic organics hydrophilicity, the mass ratio of starch and hydrophilic organics hydrophilicity is between 10:1～5:1, and the adjusting pH value is neutral or acid, keep stirring and logical inert gas, when becoming sticky, system adds ethanol or acetone precipitation when thick, filter, and with the washing of ethanol or acetone, after the drying and crushing surface grafting starch or saturated sodium carbonate solution regulation system pH be neutrality, cessation reaction obtains surface grafting starch, system becomes sticky and also can add saturated sodium carbonate solution when thick and regulate pH value and be neutrality, and cessation reaction obtains the surface grafting starch solution.
Preferably, described fire retardant is selected from one or more in MAP, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium phosphate, APP, urea, monosodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, the sodium acid carbonate.
Preferably, described surfactant is selected from one or more in stearic acid, neopelex, Negel, quaternized thing, lecithin, betaine, fatty glyceride, aliphatic acid sorb smooth (sapn), hc-surfactant, imidazoline surfactant, APES (OP-10) and the polyoxyethylene sorbitan acid anhydride fatty acid ester (tween).
Preferably, described Antisepticize and mildew preventive is selected from company of the poly-section of JK-1010, Yancheng, JK-3100(Jiangsu and produces), benzoic acid and salt, sorbic acid and salt thereof, cinnamic acid; Sodium dehydroacetate, epsilon-polylysine, nisin (Nisin), one or more among the Nopcocide SN-135 (German Henkel company produce).
Preferably, described starch is selected from one or more in wheaten starch, farina, starch from sweet potato, tapioca, cornstarch, lotus root starch, pueraria starch or the green starch.
Preferably, described oxidant is selected from one or more in potassium permanganate, ammonium ceric nitrate, potassium peroxydisulfate, sodium peroxydisulfate or the ammonium persulfate.
In above-mentioned arbitrary technical scheme, described hydrophilic organics hydrophilicity is one or more in water-soluble vinyl monomer, acrylamide, DAAM, tert-butyl group acrylamide, acrylamide derivative or (methyl) hydroxy-ethyl acrylate.
The present invention has following technique effect, surface grafting starch extinguishing chemical with the preparation of surface grafting starch mainly is made up of surface grafting starch, fire retardant and surfactant, after absorbing heat, form aqueous gel rapidly and be covered in the comburant surface, secluding air, and the cooling heated object, can put out the multiclass fire effectively.
The specific embodiment
In order to make the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, clear, describe below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
(10 ℃～40 ℃ at a certain temperature, preferred 30 ℃) amidin with 30% joins in the reactor, logical nitrogen, and mechanical agitation 30 minutes, back add 0.03% ammonium ceric nitrate to be continued to stir 10 minutes, add 5% acrylamide again and regulate between PH to 2～3, keep logical nitrogen and stir, add ethanol or acetone precipitation when system becomes sticky when thick, filter, and with ethanol or acetone washing, get surface grafting starch after the drying and crushing.The surface grafting starch of this Production Example preparation is a kind of key component in the extinguishing chemical of this invention, the surface grafting starch that this Production Example is described has kept the original chemical property of starch on the one hand, passed through the grafting processing on the other hand, improve the settleability of starch, improved the storage stability of extinguishing chemical.
Embodiment 2:
(10 ℃～40 ℃ at a certain temperature, preferred 30 ℃) amidin with 30% joins in the reactor, logical nitrogen, and mechanical agitation 30 minutes, the ammonium ceric nitrate continuation of back adding 0.06% was stirred 10 minutes, added 5% acrylamide again and regulated between PH to 2～3 the also stirring of the logical nitrogen of maintenance, add a certain amount of saturated sodium carbonate solution regulation system pH value when thick for neutral when system becomes sticky, cessation reaction obtains the surface grafting starch solution.The surface grafting shallow lake that this Production Example is described relative Production Example 1 in the powder preparation process has just changed the consumption of initator, do not change the performance that obtains the surface grafting starch product, the same original chemical property of starch that kept on the one hand, passed through the grafting processing on the other hand, improve the settleability of starch, improved the storage stability of extinguishing chemical.
Following examples are with the fire-extinguishing agent with the preparation of surface grafting starch
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment extinguishing chemical consists of by mass percentage: surface grafting starch 20%, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 4%, OP-10 1.5%, 0.2% Antisepticize and mildew preventive JK-1010, excess water.To be loaded on by the extinguishing chemical of above-mentioned formulation in the fire fighting truck, extinguishing chemical mixes with the volume ratio of water by 6:94 during use, is ejected into and implements fire extinguishing on the comburant.
The main component of extinguishing chemical is surface grafting starch in the present embodiment, imbibition rapidly after starch is heated on the one hand, and it is big that viscosity becomes.Designed experimental model for this reason, with red (600-900 ℃ of a clean tappasaki, near fire scene temperature), tilt to place, farina is scattered in is made into a series of concentration solution in the water, getting same amount pours on the iron plate, observe it and become membrane fluidity, experimental results show that 20% farina and water dilute 15.7 times according to predetermined ratio (6:94), be upside down in burning on the red iron plate, formed stable film rapidly, water is coated mobile, can reduce fire scene temperature like this, secluding air suffocates fire simultaneously, is conducive to fire extinguishing.A certain amount of hydrophilic polymer of generating in process of grafting of starch has played lubrication on the other hand, being conducive to extinguishing chemical carries in pipeline, starch has not only kept the original chemical property of starch in the grafting process, also improved the settleability of starch, the extinguishing chemical storage stability is improved.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment extinguishing chemical consists of by mass percentage: surface grafting starch 40%, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5%, OP-10 3%, 0.2% Antisepticize and mildew preventive JK-1010, excess water.To be loaded on by the extinguishing chemical of above-mentioned formulation in the fire fighting truck, extinguishing chemical mixes with the volume ratio of water by 3:97 during use, is ejected into and implements fire extinguishing on the comburant.This proportioning extinguishing chemical mixes the extinguishing chemical premixed liquid active ingredient and the embodiment 1 that obtain according to predetermined ratio (3:97) and approaches with water, wherein the concentration after the dilution of surface grafting starch remains unchanged, and extinguishing property and storage characteristics etc. approach with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment extinguishing chemical consists of by mass percentage: surface grafting starch 20%, and APP 4%, OP-10 1.5%,, 0.2% Antisepticize and mildew preventive JK-1010, excess water.To be loaded on by the extinguishing chemical of above-mentioned formulation in the fire fighting truck, extinguishing chemical mixes with the volume ratio of water by 6:94 during use, is ejected into and implements fire extinguishing on the comburant.The relative embodiment 1 of this proportioning extinguishing chemical has become fire retardant into APP by Diammonium phosphate (DAP), and other component remains unchanged, and it is constant substantially that the extinguishing property of extinguishing chemical and storage characteristics etc. keep.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment extinguishing chemical consists of by mass percentage: surface grafting starch 40%, APP 5%, OP-10 3%, 0.2% Antisepticize and mildew preventive JK-1010, excess water.To be loaded on by the extinguishing chemical of above-mentioned formulation in the fire fighting truck, extinguishing chemical mixes with the volume ratio of water by 3:97 during use, is ejected into and implements fire extinguishing on the comburant.The relative embodiment 3 of this proportioning extinguishing chemical has become fire retardant into APP by Diammonium phosphate (DAP), and other component remains unchanged, and it is constant substantially that the extinguishing property of extinguishing chemical and storage characteristics etc. keep.
The chief component of the extinguishing chemical that the present invention mentions is surface grafting starch.On the one hand, the suction gelatinization rapidly of starch heat absorption back has possessed the effect that above-mentioned multiclass is used the water-retaining type extinguishing chemical always, can be smooth and easy current in fire-fighting equipment after starch disperses in water simultaneously, and blockage problem can not appear.On the other hand, starch is handled through grafting, the viscosity of the hydrophilic polymer regulation system by grafting, thus solve the problem of starch sedimentation, in addition, this extinguishing chemical preparation is simple, materials safety is cheap, and other extinguishing chemical has outstanding advantage relatively.
Claims (8)
1. the fire-extinguishing agent by the preparation of surface grafting starch is characterized in that, is that following component is formed by mass percent: 5-50% surface grafting starch, 2-15% fire retardant, 0-5% surfactant, 0.1%-1% Antisepticize and mildew preventive, excess water.
2. a kind of fire-extinguishing agent by surface grafting starch preparation according to claim 1, be characterised in that, the chemical synthesis process of described surface grafting starch is: 0 ℃～50 ℃ temperature, it is that 10%～50% amidin joins in the reactor that starch is made into concentration, stirring and logical inert gas are until catching up with clean oxygen, the back adds 0.01%～0.1% oxidant and hydrophilic organics hydrophilicity, the mass ratio of starch and hydrophilic organics hydrophilicity is between 10:1～5:1, and adjusting pH value is neutral or acid, keep stirring and logical inert gas, when becoming sticky, system adds ethanol or acetone precipitation when thick, filter, and with ethanol or acetone washing, get surface grafting after the drying and crushing and form sediment, system becomes sticky and also can add saturated sodium carbonate solution when thick and regulate pH value and be neutrality, and cessation reaction obtains the surface grafting starch solution.
3. a kind of fire-extinguishing agent by surface grafting starch preparation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described fire retardant is selected from one or more in MAP, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium phosphate, APP, urea, monosodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, the sodium acid carbonate.
4. a kind of fire-extinguishing agent by surface grafting starch preparation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described surfactant is selected from one or more in stearic acid, neopelex, Negel, quaternized thing, lecithin, betaine, fatty glyceride, aliphatic acid sorb smooth (sapn), hc-surfactant, imidazoline surfactant, APES (OP-10) and the polyoxyethylene sorbitan acid anhydride fatty acid ester (tween).
5. a kind of fire-extinguishing agent by surface grafting starch preparation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described Antisepticize and mildew preventive is selected from company of the poly-section of JK-1010, Yancheng, JK-3100(Jiangsu and produces), benzoic acid and salt, sorbic acid and salt thereof, cinnamic acid; Sodium dehydroacetate, epsilon-polylysine, nisin Nisin, one or more among the Nopcocide SN-135 (German Henkel company produce).
6. according to the chemical synthesis process of each described surface grafting starch in the claim 2 to 5, it is characterized in that described starch is selected from one or more in wheaten starch, farina, starch from sweet potato, tapioca, cornstarch, lotus root starch, pueraria starch or the green starch.
7. according to the chemical synthesis process of each described surface grafting starch in the claim 2 to 5, it is characterized in that described oxidant is selected from one or more in potassium permanganate, ammonium ceric nitrate, potassium peroxydisulfate, sodium peroxydisulfate or the ammonium persulfate.
8. according to the chemical synthesis process of each described surface grafting starch in the claim 2 to 5, it is characterized in that: hydrophilic organics hydrophilicity is one or more in water-soluble vinyl monomer, acrylamide, DAAM, tert-butyl group acrylamide, acrylamide derivative or (methyl) hydroxy-ethyl acrylate.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN103961835A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-08-06 | 国家电网公司 | Environment-friendly fire extinguishing agent for forest fire |
| CN108079477A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-05-29 | 厦门泰消防科技开发有限公司 | The high molecular fire-extinguishing agent of graphene-containing |
| CN109260644A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-01-25 | 陈金城 | A kind of water-based extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN116808498A (en) * | 2023-06-15 | 2023-09-29 | 宁波水星环保科技有限公司 | Plant modified fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103961835A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-08-06 | 国家电网公司 | Environment-friendly fire extinguishing agent for forest fire |
| CN103961835B (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2016-11-16 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of environmental protection mountain fire extinguishing chemical |
| CN108079477A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-05-29 | 厦门泰消防科技开发有限公司 | The high molecular fire-extinguishing agent of graphene-containing |
| CN109260644A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-01-25 | 陈金城 | A kind of water-based extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN109260644B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2021-07-06 | 陈金城 | Water-based extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN116808498A (en) * | 2023-06-15 | 2023-09-29 | 宁波水星环保科技有限公司 | Plant modified fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
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