CN103265357B - Rape topdressing fertilizer and rape fertilizing method - Google Patents
Rape topdressing fertilizer and rape fertilizing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103265357B CN103265357B CN201310162399.9A CN201310162399A CN103265357B CN 103265357 B CN103265357 B CN 103265357B CN 201310162399 A CN201310162399 A CN 201310162399A CN 103265357 B CN103265357 B CN 103265357B
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Abstract
The invention disclose a rap topdressing fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer contains following effective components by weight by pure nutrient: 22-28% of nitrogen, 3-5% of phosphoric pentoxide, 8-12% of kali, 1-1.6% of magnesium oxide, 0.5-1.3% of sulfur, 0.3-0.5% of zinc, and 0.6-1% of boron. The invention further discloses a method for fertilizing rape. The rape topdressing fertilizer has advantages of comprehensive nutrient content, reasonable nutrient proportion, contains a nutrient slow release and adsorbent, and accords with an absorption rule to nutrient in a rape growing period. The fertilizer utilization rate is high. The fertilizer can substantially raise rapeseed output and increase economic benefit, and simultaneously, and has a characteristic than demand on nutrient from a seedling stage to a harvest time can be satisfied by disposable topdressing. The rape topdressing method can raise 7.98% of effective sprout per hectare, can increase 150-362Kg of output of rapeseeds, and can raise 11.8-15.3% of fertilizer utilization rate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizer, be specifically related to a kind of rape and topdress fertilizer and rape fertilization method.
Background technology
Rape is that the most general winter crops is planted in the Yangtze valley, the main oil crops of China, cultivated area is at 700 ~ 8,000,000 hectares throughout the year at present, and in the edible vegetable oil of domestic production, about 60% from Semen Brassicae campestris, and improving Semen Brassicae campestris output is the important measures meeting people's life requirement.
Fertilising is most important link in rapeseed cultivation, according to the study, if do not applied fertilizer, Semen Brassicae campestris output is by minimizing 50 ~ 60%, even more, and the contribution to yield rate of applying fertilizer in high yield rapeseed cultivation is more than 50%, apparently higher than other crops, illustrate and ensure that yield of Brassica napus L be unable to do without fertilising.Meanwhile, according to investigation, in rapeseed cultivation, fertilising cost accounts for rapeseed cultivation and directly always drops into ratio up to about 60%, and fertilizers input high cost has become the important factor that restricted farmer plantation rape increases income.Research also shows, the utilization rate of fertilizer of China's rapeseed cultivation is on the low side, and the fertilizer average utilization of peasant habit fertilising is less than 30%, and this causes the principal element that rate of fertilizer application is excessive and fertilizers input cost is large, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low simultaneously also likely causes environmental risk.
85% of China's plantation rape is winter rape, mainly be distributed in two crops a year or the triple-cropping system Agro-ecology region of the Yangtze valley, generally will through 6 ~ 7 months to results from sowing (transplanting), vegetative period generally reaches more than 180 days, the vegetative period of some kind even reaches 230 days, seasonal time span from autumn through winter and spring to early summer, the rainfall in whole vegetative period generally exceedes annual half.And the way of recommendation of at present rape fertilising to be the nitrogenous fertilizer of 70% ~ 80%, whole phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and boron fertilizer all use when sowing or transplant as base manure, only have remaining nitrogenous fertilizer to be used as to topdress once or twice, and in actual production, also have many peasant planting rapes only to use a base manure.Although rape is very sensitive to nutrient deficiency in seedling stage, but now because increment is little therefore limited to the absorbed dose of nutrient, before rape bolting enters vigorous period, a large amount of nutrient gaseous states used when base manure volatilization (nitrogen) is with rainwater leaching loss (nitrogen and potassium) or by soil fixing (phosphorus, potassium, boron), and by the time rape is nourished and grown and reproductive growth two most productive period needs often to occur during a large amount of nutrients the phenomenon of fertilizer deficiency, thus affect Semen Brassicae campestris yield and quality.Therefore, the base manure and topdressing of rape fertilising combines and reasonably ratio is the key improving fertilizer utilization efficiency, reach increasing both production and income object.Along with to rape nutrition and apply fertilizers scientifically research carry out in a deep going way, rape applies fertilizers scientifically technology just in large scale application, some fertiliser production enterprises start produce special formulation fertilizer for cole and apply aborning, achieve good effect, but these formulas are just for base manure at present, and lack rape proprietary formula and topdress, rape topdresses and also just imposes the nitrogenous fertilizer such as urea simply, thus have impact on the universal and application that rape applies fertilizers scientifically.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of rape to topdress fertilizer, it is according to the nutrient supply feature of China's rapeseed cultivation district soil and the growth-development law in rape time of infertility, especially according to growth of rape mid-term to the demand of nutrient and demand percentage, a large amount of, middle amount and micronutrient are coordinated in suitable ratio, thus there is the features such as nutrient is complete and with strong points, nutrient, increase yield, raising utilization rate of fertilizer and economic benefit can be provided for the rape middle and later periods grows.
Realizing technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of rape topdresses fertilizer, and be made up of effective element and ancillary component, the weight percent that described effective element does not account for fertilizer with pure nutrient score is: nitrogen 22 ~ 28%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 3 ~ 5%, potassium oxide 8 ~ 12%, magnesium oxide 1 ~ 1.6%, sulphur 0.5 ~ 1.3%, zinc 0.3 ~ 0.5%, boron 0.6 ~ 1%.
Preferably, the weight percent that described effective element does not account for fertilizer with pure nutrient score is: nitrogen 25%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 4%, potassium oxide 10%, magnesium oxide 1.3%, sulphur 0.9%, zinc 0.4%, boron 0.8%.
Described ancillary component is Dyhard RU 100 and kaolin, and described Dyhard RU 100 accounts for 0.6 ~ 1% of weight of fertilizer, and described kaolin accounts for 5 ~ 9% of weight of fertilizer.
Preferably, described Dyhard RU 100 accounts for 0.8% of weight of fertilizer, and described kaolin accounts for 7% of weight of fertilizer.
In above-mentioned fertilizer, effective element is provided by following substances respectively:
Nitrogen: urea is or/and ammonium nitrate is or/and diammonium phosphate is or/and saltpetre; Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES: diammonium phosphate; Potassium oxide: Repone K and saltpetre; Sulphur: magnesium sulfate is or/and Zinc sulfate monohydrate; Magnesium oxide: magnesium sulfate, zinc: Zinc sulfate monohydrate, boron: borax.
A kind of rape fertilization method, bulk application and enter vigorous growth after date at rape bolting and to topdress two steps when being included in rape seed, the weight percent that in the described fertilizer topdressed, effective element does not account for fertilizer with pure nutrient score is: nitrogen 22 ~ 28%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 3 ~ 5%, potassium oxide 8 ~ 12%, magnesium oxide 1 ~ 1.6%, sulphur 0.5 ~ 1.3%, zinc 0.3 ~ 0.5%, boron 0.6 ~ 1%.
Ancillary component in described fertilizer is Dyhard RU 100 and kaolin, and described Dyhard RU 100 accounts for 0.6 ~ 1% of weight of fertilizer, and described kaolin accounts for 5 ~ 9% of weight of fertilizer.
The topdressing amount of described fertilizer is 600 ~ 750kg/ hectare.
Compared with prior art, the rape of the present invention fertilizer nutrient content that topdresses is complete, nutrient formula is reasonable, nutrient form (nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients form) is suitable for, and containing nutrient slowly-released and sorbent material, meets the absorbing rule of growth of rape phase to nutrient, utilization rate of fertilizer is high, can significantly improve Semen Brassicae campestris output, increase economic benefit, disposable topdressing meets the nutrient demand of rape from seedling stage to harvesting time, saves labor.The fertilizer that topdresses of the present invention is applied to Yangtze River in China middle and lower reaches winter rape district, through in Hubei Province, Anhui Province and the live test of Hunan Province's winter rape, apply that rape per hectare that fertilizer of the present invention topdresses saves labour 5-8, grain yield of rapeseed increases by 150 ~ 362kg, increase income Renminbi 705 ~ 1701 yuan, fertilizer utilization efficiency improves 11.8% ~ 15.3%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of rape topdresses fertilizer, and be made up of effective element and ancillary component, the weight percent that described effective element does not account for fertilizer with pure nutrient score is: nitrogen 25%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 4%, potassium oxide 10%, magnesium oxide 1.3%, sulphur 0.9%, zinc 0.4%, boron 0.8%.Described ancillary component is Dyhard RU 100 and kaolin, and described Dyhard RU 100 accounts for 0.8% of weight of fertilizer, and described kaolin accounts for 7% of weight of fertilizer.
Dyhard RU 100 is nitrification inhibitor, and its effect is: suppress, to slow down in fertilizer Nitrite bacteria to the nitrification of ammonium nitrogen, thus reduces ammonium nitrogen and be converted into nitric nitrogen and run off.
Kaolinic effect is: dispersion, balance nutrient element.
The concrete composition of raw materials of above-mentioned fertilizer is: urea 360 kg; Ammonium nitrate 100 kg; Diammonium phosphate 87 kg; Repone K 80 kg; Saltpetre 120kg; Magnesium sulfate 80kg; Zinc sulfate 15kg; Borax 80kg; Dyhard RU 100 8kg; Kaolin 70kg.
By above-mentioned raw materials mechanically mixing or be produced into Chemical Mixed Fertilizer according to prilling process, production method is with reference to Li Chunhua, Liang Guoqing chief editor, and compound fertilizer special formulating of recipe and production, Chemical Industry Press, July calendar year 2001 the 1st edition, the method for report was carried out.
The rape of the present invention fertilizer that topdresses is applied to winter rape main product county (city) direct-sowing rapes such as Hubei Province's Dangyang City, Shayang County, Jingzhou City, Wuxue City (kind is assorted No. 11 of China's oil, by Hua Zhong Agriculture University's seed selection and in a quality rape kind of Yangtze valley winter rape district large scale application), Stage of Top Dressing per hectare uses fertilizer 600kg of the present invention, with use urea (nitrogen content 46%, per hectare amount of application) twice equivalent imposes (50% seedling stage, 50% a kind of sedge phase), Repone K (potassium oxide content 60%) imposes and compare seedling stage, implements effect of the present invention as table 1.
Table 1 impact of fertilizer on rape Major Economic of topdressing of the present invention
Illustrate: process in table " conventional fertilizer " in hurdle for urea (nitrogen content 46%, per hectare amount of application) twice equivalent impose (50% seedling stage, 50% a kind of sedge phase), Repone K (potassium oxide content 60%) imposes seedling stage.
The fertilizer that topdresses of the present invention is applied to Hubei Province when sun, Shayang County, Jing Zhou, winter rape main product county of Hubei Province (city) direct-sowing rapes such as Wuxue City, with urea (nitrogen content 46%, per hectare amount of application) twice equivalent imposes (50% seedling stage, 50% a kind of sedge phase), Repone K (potassium oxide content 60%) imposes seedling stage to be compared, topdress application zone rape strain number per hectare of the present invention increases by 2.5 ten thousand strains, effective strain number increases by 10.47% relatively, individual plant effective angle fruit number and every seed number per pod increase by 13 and 2, average per hectare increases income Semen Brassicae campestris 271 kg, increase economic benefit Renminbi 1271 yuan (by the 4.70 yuan of calculating of local Semen Brassicae campestris purchasing price every kilogram of Renminbi), nitrogen, potassic fertilizer utilization ratio improves 8.2% and 4.8% respectively, fertilizer overall utilization improves 13.0%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of rape topdresses fertilizer, and the weight percent that the effective element in described fertilizer does not account for fertilizer with pure nutrient score is: nitrogen 22%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 3%, potassium oxide 12%, magnesium oxide 1.6%, sulphur 1.3%, zinc 0.3%, boron 0.6%.Ancillary component is Dyhard RU 100 and kaolin, and described Dyhard RU 100 accounts for 0.8% of weight of fertilizer, and described kaolin accounts for 5% of weight of fertilizer.
The concrete composition of raw materials of above-mentioned fertilizer is: urea 330kg; Ammonium nitrate 120kg; Diammonium phosphate 80kg; Saltpetre 120kg; Repone K 100kg; Magnesium sulfate 80kg; Zinc sulfate 12kg; Borax 100kg; Dyhard RU 100 8kg; Kaolin 50kg.
The fertilizer that topdresses of the present invention is applied to Hunan China province Lin Xiang city direct-sowing rape, and (kind is No. 15, Hunan oil, by Agricultural University Of Hunan's seed selection and in quality rape new variety of southern china large scale application), per hectare uses 600kg, with singly execute urea (nitrogen content 46% at present, per hectare amount of application) twice equivalent imposes (seedling stage once, a kind of sedge phase once) and compares, and fertilization area Semen Brassicae campestris output of topdressing of the present invention on average increases 150kg/hm
2, per hectare increases income Renminbi 705 yuan (economizing local Semen Brassicae campestris every kilogram Renminbi procurement price 4.70 yuan calculating by Semen Brassicae campestris price Hunan China in 2012), and per hectare can save artificial 3 ~ 5 people simultaneously.Fertilizer utilization efficiency improves 9.7%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of rape topdresses fertilizer, and the weight percent that the effective element in described fertilizer does not account for fertilizer with pure nutrient score is: nitrogen 28%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 5%, potassium oxide 8%, magnesium oxide 1%, sulphur 0.5%, zinc 0.5%, boron 1%.Ancillary component is Dyhard RU 100 and kaolin, and described Dyhard RU 100 accounts for 1% of weight of fertilizer, and described kaolin accounts for 5% of weight of fertilizer.
The concrete composition of raw materials of above-mentioned fertilizer is: urea 378kg; Ammonium nitrate 100kg; Diammonium phosphate 87kg; Saltpetre 120kg; Repone K 80kg; Magnesium sulfate 80kg; Zinc sulfate 15kg; Borax 80kg; Dyhard RU 100 10kg; Kaolin 50kg.
Fertilizer of the present invention is applied to former Chaohu, Chinese Anhui Province direct-sowing rape, and (kind is Zhongyouza 11 number, the quality rape new variety applied by Inst. of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agriculture's seed selection and at large-scale promotion of whole nation), per hectare uses 750kg, with singly execute urea (nitrogen content 46% same period, per hectare amount of application) twice inequality impose (60% seedling stage, 40% a kind of sedge phase) compare, the rape seedling rate of fertilization area of topdressing of the present invention and strain rate average mark you can well imagine high 8.5% and 7.4%, grain yield per hectare improves 362 kg, per hectare increases income Renminbi 1701 yuan (by the 4.70 yuan of calculating of local Semen Brassicae campestris purchasing price every kilogram of Renminbi).Per hectare saves labor force 3 ~ 5 people simultaneously.Nitrogen of the present invention, fertile utilization ratio improve 8.5%.
Claims (3)
1. a rape fertilization method, bulk application and enter disposable two steps of topdressing of vigorous growth after date at rape bolting when being included in rape seed, it is characterized in that: described in effective element does not account for fertilizer with pure nutrient score in the fertilizer that topdresses weight percent be: nitrogen 22 ~ 28%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 3 ~ 5%, potassium oxide 8 ~ 12%, magnesium oxide 1 ~ 1.6%, sulphur 0.5 ~ 1.3%, zinc 0.3 ~ 0.5%, boron 0.6 ~ 1%
Ancillary component in described fertilizer is Dyhard RU 100 and kaolin, and described Dyhard RU 100 accounts for 0.6 ~ 1% of weight of fertilizer, and described kaolin accounts for 5 ~ 9% of weight of fertilizer;
The topdressing amount of described fertilizer is 600 ~ 750kg/ hectare.
2. rape fertilization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the weight percent that described effective element does not account for fertilizer with pure nutrient score is: nitrogen 25%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 4%, potassium oxide 10%, magnesium oxide 1.3%, sulphur 0.9%, zinc 0.4%, boron 0.8%.
3. rape fertilization method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Dyhard RU 100 accounts for 0.8% of weight of fertilizer, and described kaolin accounts for 7% of weight of fertilizer.
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| WO2021165258A1 (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2021-08-26 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | System and method for providing fertility enhancing dietary recommendations in individuals with endometriosis |
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| CN103641603B (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-04-15 | 安徽省司尔特肥业股份有限公司 | Special biomass charcoal-based composite fertilizer for corn and preparation method thereof |
| CN103613465B (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-05-20 | 安徽省司尔特肥业股份有限公司 | Special biomass charcoal-based compound fertilizer for rapes and preparation method thereof |
| CN104402556A (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-03-11 | 溧阳市作物栽培技术指导站 | Dedicated fertilizer for high-yield (250 kg per mu or more) rape transplanting and culture, formula, and production method thereof |
| CN104961503B (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2017-12-26 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of nitrogenous fertilizer for improving rape root growth and improving Oil-seed yield |
| CN106748038A (en) * | 2016-12-04 | 2017-05-31 | 钦州市星火计划办公室 | A kind of rape proprietary formula fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| IL87986A0 (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1989-06-30 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Controlled release vegetation enhancement agents coated with sulfonated polymers,their production and their use |
| CN100503525C (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2009-06-24 | 华中农业大学 | Special formulation fertilizer for cole |
| CN100500624C (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2009-06-17 | 华中农业大学 | Special formulation fertilizer for feedstuff cole |
| NZ598898A (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2013-02-22 | Basf Se | Method for reducing nitrous oxide emission from soils |
| CN102422736B (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2014-03-26 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for improving acid soil by applying ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrification inhibitor in matched manner and application of method |
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| WO2021165258A1 (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2021-08-26 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | System and method for providing fertility enhancing dietary recommendations in individuals with endometriosis |
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