CN103252582B - Laser wire-filling local bionic-texture manufacturing method and equipment for metal functional surfaces - Google Patents
Laser wire-filling local bionic-texture manufacturing method and equipment for metal functional surfaces Download PDFInfo
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- CN103252582B CN103252582B CN201310127193.2A CN201310127193A CN103252582B CN 103252582 B CN103252582 B CN 103252582B CN 201310127193 A CN201310127193 A CN 201310127193A CN 103252582 B CN103252582 B CN 103252582B
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Abstract
The invention relates to laser wire-filling local bionic-texture manufacturing method and equipment for metal functional surfaces, belongs to the field of processing of metal materials and aims to provide a technical method and a manufacturing device which are capable of effectively improving thermal fatigue resistance and wear resistance on the metal functional surfaces. For different metal base materials, by combining the automatic wire filling technology with the vision sensing and small-power laser technology, a novel method for manufacturing bionic texture on metal functional spatial curved surfaces is provided. In order to implement the mentioned technical method, strengthening equipment composed of a control unit, a vision system, an adjustable temperature heating wire feeding machine, a laser and a five-freedom-degree numerical-control worktable is researched, thermal fatigue resistance and wear resistance of the metal functional surfaces are effectively improved, cost performance is good and production efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material processing field.
Background technology
Metal function surface biomimetic intensifying technology is from bionical angle, by studying wear-resistant living prototype, antifatigue living prototype, living prototype is resistance to worn, fatigue-resistant structures " copies " at function surface, implemented bionic reinforced by laser, formed at the function surface such as die products, lathe guide rail, valve, roll resistance to wear, fatigue proof biomimetic features, thus improve mould, lathe guide rail, valve, roll equal life.
[b1] is for typical metal works mould, although China's die production development is very fast, but also there is a big difference compared with Foreign Advanced Lerel, be mainly manifested in manufacturing cycle long, the aspect such as manufacturing accuracy is low, die life is short, the problem that wherein die life is short is particularly outstanding.As the domestic common die casting life-span is generally 3-10 ten thousand mould, 10-35 ten thousand mould can be reached abroad, the goods retaining die casting surface be required for those, sometimes only has 1-2 ten thousand mould die life.The short rising directly causing the wasting of resources and production cost die life.Therefore, utilize Modern High-Tech's means to prepare high performance novel die, extend the active time of mould, avoid premature failure occurs, thus retrieve loss unnecessary in production, greatly will promote the development of industry and national economy, there is significant economic benefit and social effect.
When moulding stock is selected, carrying out intensive treatment to die surface is improve the effective ways of die life, as die surface carburizing, nitrogenize, bionic reinforced etc.Occurring in nature organism surface was through the evolution of millions upon millions of years, define very unique structure, as the non-smooth surface that dung beetle, Squama Manis etc. are made up of geometries such as pit, convex closure or scales with the body surface of hard object contact site, biological non-smooth surface has visbreaking, falls resistance, wear-resisting effect, in moving process, tool has good wearability, and has scholar to propose the bionic reinforced raising die life of laser surface thus, improves the method for use properties.Implemented by laser bionic reinforced, can significantly improve wear resistance and the thermal fatigue of mould, this method is applied to die surface can improve die life, can bring great economic benefit to enterprise.
Being processed at die surface by laser melting or laser melting coating and have certain geometrical shape, organizational structure optimization or chemical composition and have any different in the convex-concave shape texture of matrix, is currently prepare die surface bionical texture tradition processing means.Laser melting utilizes laser rapid heating and melts mould top layer, make its quick solidification, because die matrix rigidity is large, there is stress in laser melting layer larger, easily cause stress concentration at places such as dendrite circle of consolidation layer, pore and inclusiones, produce tiny crack at consolidation layer; Because not adding welding wire or powdered alloy, bionical veining structure structure or optimization of Chemical Composition are subject to a definite limitation; Reduce bionical texture thermal fatigue resistance and wear resisting property thus, affect increase rate die life.Laser melting coating has advantage at the bionical texture of mold plane surface preparation, but preparation efficiency is low, owing to being subject to automatic powder feeding system restriction, is unfavorable for the bionical texture preparation of die space curved surface.
Patent 200610016699.6 proposes a kind of by metallic surface metallizing powder, adds chemical element, utilizes LASER HEATING to realize bionic reinforced processing method and preparation facilities.Easily there is the position destroyed in patent 201110369559, design plane or space curve skeleton, according to the curve skeleton of design, utilize the method for LASER HEATING to carry out the bionic reinforced method of consolidation and device to surface of workpiece for surface of workpiece.Patent 201210089286 utilizes the method for LASER HEATING to carry out the bionic reinforced method of consolidation and device to machine tool guideway surface.
But aforesaid method prepares the quality of bionical texture in practice and efficiency has certain limitation, needs a kind of localised biomimetic texture preparation method and the equipment with better performance in practice.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem in the following way:
According to an aspect of the present invention: provide a kind of metal function surface laser silk filling localised biomimetic texture Preparation equipment, be made up of control unit, vision system, temp. controllable heated filament wire feeding machine, laser apparatus and five degree of freedom numerical control table, NC table, control unit is connected with the communication interface system of five degree of freedom numerical control table, NC table with laser apparatus, vision system, temp. controllable heated filament wire feeding machine respectively.
Further, control unit comprises an industrial control computer, and this computer has laser and to fill silk bionic reinforced technical module and digital control processing module; " laser fill silk bionic reinforced technical module " first part is working process parameter database, in database, each data logging comprises the trade mark of machined material, original microstructure, the frequency of laser apparatus, strength of current, pulsewidth, sweep velocity, Laser Welding wire material, diameter, temperature, wire feed rate, function surface crackle form, position, function surface wear form, position, the microstructure after the regularity of distribution of bionical texture, width, the degree of depth, hardness, process; " laser fill silk bionic reinforced technical module " second section is bionical texture visual monitor system, this system accepts vision hardware system diagram image signal, process welding wire position and melted state and bionical texture molten bath and shaped state, thus control laser and to fill silk processing parameter and five-shaft numerical control worktable linkage status; " digital control processing module " can carry out teaching according to the geometrical shape of the profile of function surface, size, crackle and wearing and tearing pose, bionical texture, generate numerical control processing command, and can according to function surface crackle and wearing and tearing pose, the bionical texture pathway of vision guide planning laser processing, generates numerical control processing command; Automatically numerical control processing command can also be formed according to the space lattice designed and processing parameter; And also at other computer according to metal function surface stress strain numerical simulation, nc program can be generated, then imports in teaching system; Vision system is connected by fastening piece with laser apparatus, by CCD visual sensing laser welding wire position and melted state, bionical texture molten bath and formed features, metal function surface crack and wearing and tearing pose, passes to the bionical texture visual monitor system in control unit; Laser apparatus is less than 500W fiber optic conduction small power Nd:YAG solid statelaser or optical fiber laser; Temp. controllable heated filament wire feeding machine is microcomputer control, Laser Welding filament diameter is 0.1 ~ 0.6mm, welding wire temperature control scope 50 ~ 400 DEG C, wire feed rate is 1000 ~ 20000 mm/min, wire feed rate error be less than set(ting)value ± 1% or ± 20mm/min in maximum value, be connected by fastening piece with laser apparatus, welding wire and the mutual positioning precision of laser beam are less than ± 0.2 mm; Five degree of freedom numerical control table, NC table comprises laser and to fill silk bionic reinforced digital-control processing system and five degree of freedom mechanical scanning, NC Machining Software system can make laser head rotate along A axle, C axle, move along Z axis, trade union college platform is moved along X, Y-axis, five degree of freedom mechanical scanning wherein comprises X to feed mechanism, Y-direction feed mechanism, XY worktable, Y-direction feed mechanism is arranged on lathe bed, and X is arranged on Y-direction feed mechanism to feed mechanism, and XY worktable places metal works; Laser head drives with A axle and is connected, and the driving of A axle drives with C axle and is connected, and is arranged on double pendulum headstock; Double pendulum headstock is arranged on column, can move along Z axis.
According to a further aspect in the invention: provide and a kind ofly utilize aforementioned device to carry out metal function surface laser to fill silk method prepared by localised biomimetic texture, on the metal function surface of mould molding part, punch and matrix, axle, roll, valve or machine tool guideway, utilize laser automatically to fill out the method for heated filament processing, effects on surface carries out local and doses chemical element and bionic reinforced.
Further, the diameter of described welding wire is 0.1 ~ 0.6mm, and dosing metal function surface chemistry element is Cr:0 ~ 15%, Mo:0 ~ 5%, Ni:0 ~ 5%, W:0 ~ 15%, Co:0 ~ 10%, Nb:0 ~ 5%, V:0 ~ 5%, the vein width S of texture form is 0.1 ~ 10mm, vein height H is 0.1 ~ 8mm, parachute width W is 0.5 ~ 30mm, and parachute length L is 0.5 ~ 50mm, the high 100 ~ 400HV of hardness ratio metal matrix material hardness value.
Following advantage can be produced by technique scheme of the present invention:
1, bionical texture preparation quality aspect, can improve texture obdurability because laser fills silk, texture quality is better than laser melting; Comparatively laser silk filling is convenient because adding alloying element for laser melting coating in theory, optimize bionical texture chemical composition aspect to take advantage, but due to laser cladding layer unfairness, easily there is crackle and the problem such as pore, tissue odds's even alloy layer Composition Control out of true, laser melting coating is made not have the bionical texture quality of laser silk filling preparation to stablize, sometimes preparation quality bad, and powdered alloy waste is serious.
2, bionical texture preparation efficiency aspect, owing to being subject to automatic powder feeding system restriction, laser melting coating is restricted preparing the bionical texture of die space curved surface, is unfavorable for that bionical texture prepares automatization; Laser melting and laser automatically fill silk preparation bionical texture efficiency substantially identical, be higher than laser melting coating.
3, optimize the bionical texture chemical composition of mould and weave construction by laser welding wire, improve bionical texture obdurability, reduce laser melting layer tiny crack; By automatically filling silk and visual sensing technological incorporation, improving the bionical texture preparation quality of die space curved surface and efficiency, overcoming laser conjunction cladding and preparing the bionical texture limitation of die space curved surface; And then improving the bionical texture thermal fatigue resistance of die space curved surface and wear resisting property, development equipment has easy and simple to handle, stable and production efficiency high feature.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is metal function surface biomimetic texture form schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is metal function surface biomimetic texture vein form schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the overall control architecture schematic diagram of metal function surface laser silk filling localised biomimetic strengthening device.
Fig. 4 is the main TV structure schematic diagram of metal function surface laser silk filling localised biomimetic strengthening device:
Wherein: 1, parachute, 2, vein, 3, mold base material, 4, bionical texture prepares motion control unit, 5, coaxial vision unit, 6, wire feed system, 7, laser, 8, X is to feed mechanism, and 9, Z-direction feed mechanism, 10, C axle drives, 11, A drives, and 12, laser diode, 13, vein equipment, 14, Y-direction feed mechanism, 15, lathe bed, W, parachute width, L, parachute length, S, vein width, H, vein height.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described in the enforcement provided by reference to the accompanying drawings.The present invention is described in detail below:
This metal function surface laser silk filling localised biomimetic strengthening device, be made up of control unit, vision system, temp. controllable heated filament wire feeding machine, laser apparatus and five degree of freedom numerical control table, NC table, its overall structure is shown in accompanying drawing 4, describes in detail respectively below.
Control unit, control unit comprise an industrial control computer, and this computer has laser and to fill silk bionic reinforced technical module and digital control processing module.
" laser fill silk bionic reinforced technical module " first part is working process parameter database, and this database is the result summed up lot of experimental data and optimize.In database, each data logging comprises the trade mark of material, original microstructure, the frequency of laser apparatus, strength of current, pulsewidth, sweep velocity, Laser Welding wire material, diameter, temperature, wire feed rate, function surface crackle form, position, function surface wear form, position, the microstructure after the regularity of distribution of bionical texture, width, the degree of depth, hardness, process.
" laser fill silk bionic reinforced technical module " second section is bionical texture visual monitor system, this part mainly accepts vision hardware system diagram image signal, process welding wire position and melted state and bionical texture molten bath and shaped state, thus control laser and to fill silk processing parameter and five-shaft numerical control worktable linkage status.
" laser fill silk bionic reinforced digital control processing module " can according to the geometrical shape etc. of the profile of function surface, size, crackle and wearing and tearing pose, bionical texture, manual teaching, generates nc program; Can according to function surface crackle and wearing and tearing pose, the bionical texture pathway of vision guide planning laser processing, generates nc program; Automatically nc program can be formed according to the space lattice designed and processing parameter; Also at other computer according to metal function surface stress strain numerical simulation, nc program can be generated, then imports in this teaching system.
Vision system, vision system is connected by fastening piece with laser apparatus, by CCD visual sensing laser welding wire position and melted state, bionical texture molten bath and formed features, metal function surface crack and wearing and tearing pose, pass to bionical texture visual monitor system in control unit.
Laser apparatus, laser apparatus is less than 500W fiber optic conduction small power Nd:YAG solid statelaser or optical fiber laser.
Temp. controllable heated filament wire feeding machine is microcomputer control, Laser Welding filament diameter is 0.1 ~ 0.6mm, welding wire temperature control scope 50 ~ 400 DEG C, wire feed rate is 1000 ~ 20000 mm/min, wire feed rate error be less than set(ting)value ± 1% or ± 20mm/min in maximum value, be connected by fastening piece with laser apparatus, welding wire and the mutual positioning precision of laser beam are less than ± 0.2 mm;
Five degree of freedom numerical control table, NC table, five degree of freedom numerical control table, NC table comprises laser and to fill silk bionic reinforced digital-control processing system and five degree of freedom mechanical scanning, NC Machining Software system can make laser head rotate along A axle, C axle, move along Z axis, trade union college platform is moved along X, Y-axis, five degree of freedom mechanical scanning wherein comprises X to feed mechanism, Y-direction feed mechanism, XY worktable, Y-direction feed mechanism is arranged on lathe bed, X is arranged on Y-direction feed mechanism to feed mechanism, and XY worktable places metal works; Laser head drives with A axle and is connected, and the driving of A axle drives with C axle and is connected, and is arranged on double pendulum headstock; Double pendulum headstock is arranged on column, can move along Z axis; The physical structure of worktable as shown in Figure 4.
Method prepared by bionical texture comprises to utilize aforesaid device to carry out, first automatic silk filling technology, visual sensing and low-power laser technology is utilized to combine, optimize laser to fill silk bionical texture preparation parameter, extracted by visual sensing laser welding wire position and melted state, bionical texture molten bath and formed features, set up laser to fill silk bionical texture phase coaxial dielectric-barrier discharge model of cognition, after being judged by control unit, control laser apparatus, wire feeding machine and five degree of freedom numerical control table, NC table; The diameter of described welding wire is 0.1 ~ 0.6mm, and dosing metal function surface chemistry element is Cr:0 ~ 15%, Mo:0 ~ 5%, Ni:0 ~ 5%, W:0 ~ 15%, Co:0 ~ 10%, Nb:0 ~ 5%, V:0 ~ 5%, the vein width S of texture form is 0.1 ~ 10mm, and vein height H is 0.1 ~ 8mm, and parachute width W is 0.5 ~ 30mm, parachute length L is 0.5 ~ 50mm, the high 100 ~ 400HV of laser reinforcing vein hardness ratio metal matrix material hardness value.
Its concrete operating process is as follows:
1, will have the piece-holder on metal function surface to be processed on the table, closed power supply, starts five degree of freedom numerical control table, NC table, laser power supply, vision collecting system and temp. controllable heated filament wire feeding machine.
2, by five degree of freedom numerical control table, NC table adjustment laser spot and metal function surface relative position, by wire feeding machine adjustment laser welding wire and function surface, focal position of laser.
3, start " laser fill silk bionic reinforced technical module ", input information, determine that laser fills silk Optimizing Process Parameters; Start " laser fill silk bionic reinforced nc program ", can according to the geometrical shape etc. of the profile of function surface, size, crackle and wearing and tearing pose, bionical texture, manual teaching, generates nc program.
4, start " processing start ", in processing parameter about the Parameter transfer of laser energy to laser apparatus, the signal setting laser parameter that laser power supply transmits according to minicomputer; Work program is delivered to numerical control table, NC table, and digital control platform controls driven by servomotor working table movement according to work program.
5, in the course of processing, CCD vision monitoring laser welding wire position and melted state, bionical texture molten bath and formed features, metal function surface crack and wearing and tearing pose, Local uniqueness is done to laser processing parameter and working table movement track, security deposit's function of dominant surface biomimetic strengthening striped processing quality.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, bionical texture preparation quality aspect, can improve texture obdurability because laser fills silk, texture quality is better than laser melting; Comparatively laser silk filling is convenient because adding alloying element for laser melting coating in theory, optimize bionical texture chemical composition aspect to take advantage, but due to laser cladding layer unfairness, easily there is crackle and the problem such as pore, tissue odds's even alloy layer Composition Control out of true, laser melting coating is made not have the bionical texture quality of laser silk filling preparation to stablize, sometimes preparation quality bad, and powdered alloy waste is serious.
2, bionical texture preparation efficiency aspect, owing to being subject to automatic powder feeding system restriction, laser melting coating is restricted preparing the bionical texture of die space curved surface, is unfavorable for that bionical texture prepares automatization; Laser melting and laser automatically fill silk preparation bionical texture efficiency substantially identical, be higher than laser melting coating.
3, optimize the bionical texture chemical composition of mould and weave construction by laser welding wire, improve bionical texture obdurability, reduce laser melting layer tiny crack; By automatically filling silk and visual sensing technological incorporation, improving the bionical texture preparation quality of die space curved surface and efficiency, overcoming laser conjunction cladding and preparing the bionical texture limitation of die space curved surface; And then improving the bionical texture thermal fatigue resistance of die space curved surface and wear resisting property, development equipment has easy and simple to handle, stable and production efficiency high feature.
Tested on auto parts transfer mold by technical scheme of the present invention.Wearing and tearing and erosion location is easily produced according to die surface, adopt pulsed YAG laser, condenser lens focal distance f=100mm, laser welding electric current 150A, defocusing amount are-4.5, frequency 5HZ, pulse width time 8.0s, welding speed 40.0mm/min, argon flow amount 8.0ml/min, silk filling diameter is 0.2mm, wire feed rate 50mm/min, hot-wire temperature 150 DEG C, die surface laser fills silk and is processed into butterfly's wing strengthening striped grid, and strengthening striped grid is made up of laser silk filling vein and mold base material parachute.After processing test, vein hardness is 680HV, 180 ~ 200V higher than body material, and wear resistance, thermal fatigue significantly improve, and the die life with laser bionic surface improves more than at least 1.0 times than before strengthening.
Claims (3)
1. a metal function surface laser silk filling localised biomimetic texture Preparation equipment, be made up of control unit, vision system, temp. controllable heated filament wire feeding machine, laser apparatus and five degree of freedom numerical control table, NC table, it is characterized in that control unit is connected with the communication interface system of five degree of freedom numerical control table, NC table with laser apparatus, vision system, temp. controllable heated filament wire feeding machine respectively; Control unit comprises an industrial control computer, and this computer has laser and to fill silk bionic reinforced technical module and digital control processing module;
" laser fill silk bionic reinforced technical module " first part is working process parameter database, in database, each data logging comprises the trade mark of machined material, original microstructure, the frequency of laser apparatus, strength of current, pulsewidth, sweep velocity, Laser Welding wire material, diameter, temperature, wire feed rate, function surface crackle form, position, function surface wear form, position, the microstructure after the regularity of distribution of bionical texture, width, the degree of depth, hardness, process;
" laser fill silk bionic reinforced technical module " second section is bionical texture visual monitor system, this system accepts vision hardware system diagram image signal, process welding wire position and melted state and bionical texture molten bath and shaped state, thus control laser and to fill silk processing parameter and five-shaft numerical control worktable linkage status;
" digital control processing module " can carry out teaching according to the geometrical shape of the profile of function surface, size, crackle and wearing and tearing pose, bionical texture, generate numerical control processing command, and can according to function surface crackle and wearing and tearing pose, the bionical texture pathway of vision guide planning laser processing, generates numerical control processing command; Automatically numerical control processing command can also be formed according to the space lattice designed and processing parameter; And also at other computer according to metal function surface stress strain numerical simulation, nc program can be generated, then imports in teaching system;
Vision system is connected by fastening piece with laser apparatus, by CCD visual sensing laser welding wire position and melted state, bionical texture molten bath and formed features, metal function surface crack and wearing and tearing pose, pass to the bionical texture visual monitor system in control unit, laser apparatus is the fiber optic conduction small power Nd:YAG solid statelaser or the optical fiber laser that are less than 500W;
Temp. controllable heated filament wire feeding machine is microcomputer control, Laser Welding filament diameter is 0.1 ~ 0.6mm, welding wire temperature control scope 50 ~ 400 DEG C, wire feed rate is 1000 ~ 20000mm/min, wire feed rate error be less than set(ting)value ± 1% or ± 20mm/min in maximum value, be connected by fastening piece with laser apparatus, welding wire and the mutual positioning precision of laser beam are less than ± 0.2mm;
Five degree of freedom numerical control table, NC table comprises laser and to fill silk bionic reinforced digital-control processing system and five degree of freedom mechanical scanning, NC Machining Software system can make laser head rotate along A axle, C axle, move along Z axis, trade union college platform is moved along X, Y-axis, five degree of freedom mechanical scanning wherein comprises X to feed mechanism, Y-direction feed mechanism, XY worktable, Y-direction feed mechanism is arranged on lathe bed, and X is arranged on Y-direction feed mechanism to feed mechanism, and XY worktable places metal works; Laser head drives with A axle and is connected, and the driving of A axle drives with C axle and is connected, and is arranged on double pendulum headstock; Double pendulum headstock is arranged on column, can move along Z axis.
2. one kind utilizes the equipment described in claim 1 to carry out metal function surface laser to fill silk method prepared by localised biomimetic texture, it is characterized in that: on the metal function surface of mould molding part, punch and matrix, axle, roll, valve or machine tool guideway, utilize laser automatically to fill out the method for heated filament processing, effects on surface carries out local and doses chemical element and bionic reinforced.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the diameter of described welding wire is 0.1 ~ 0.6mm, dosing metal function surface chemistry element is Cr:0 ~ 15%, Mo:0 ~ 5%, Ni:0 ~ 5%, W:0 ~ 15%, Co:0 ~ 10%, Nb:0 ~ 5%, V:0 ~ 5%, the vein width S of texture form is 0.1 ~ 10mm, vein height H is 0.1 ~ 8mm, parachute width W is 0.5 ~ 30mm, and parachute length L is 0.5 ~ 50mm, the high 100 ~ 400HV of laser reinforcing vein hardness ratio metal matrix material hardness value.
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| CN110408923A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-11-05 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of five-axle linkage optical-fiber laser cladding equipment |
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| US6670574B1 (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2003-12-30 | Unitek Miyachi Corporation | Laser weld monitor |
| CN1424173A (en) * | 2003-01-08 | 2003-06-18 | 武汉理工大学 | Wear resistant high iron-aluminum based welding wire for build-up welding |
| CN100476034C (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2009-04-08 | 吉林大学 | Device for increasing non smooth surface of metallic workpiece |
| CN101328584A (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2008-12-24 | 上海海事大学 | Laser cladding real time monitoring system |
| CN101642848B (en) * | 2008-08-04 | 2013-08-21 | 通用电气公司 | Laser processing system and method |
| CN101967538A (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2011-02-09 | 天津大族烨峤激光技术有限公司 | Surface laser strengthening method for plunger of hydraulic support |
| CN102392105A (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2012-03-28 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | Metal workpiece surface laser bionic strengthening method and device |
| CN102618699A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-08-01 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | Multipoint parallel laser bionic intensification method and device for surface of machine tool guide rail |
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