CN103250539A - Method for reducing absorption of cadmium by rape - Google Patents
Method for reducing absorption of cadmium by rape Download PDFInfo
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- CN103250539A CN103250539A CN2013101815471A CN201310181547A CN103250539A CN 103250539 A CN103250539 A CN 103250539A CN 2013101815471 A CN2013101815471 A CN 2013101815471A CN 201310181547 A CN201310181547 A CN 201310181547A CN 103250539 A CN103250539 A CN 103250539A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for reducing absorption of cadmium by rape. In a vegetable field which is polluted by the cadmium to a light/moderate degree, biomass carbon is applied and fully mixed, Huajun cadmium-rejection rape, a new strain of rape, is planted after the biomass carbon is stabilized for seven to fourteen days, and therefore cadmium absorbed by the rape can be remarkably reduced. According to the method, the cadmium-rejection rape and the biomass carbon with a strong capability of cadmium pollution passivating are applied in a combined mode, the cadmium-rejection rape has a characteristic of low-level accumulation of the cadmium. The biomass carbon can remarkably reduce the amount of the cadmium in an effective state in the soil through physical and chemical absorption, improve physical and chemical properties of the soil and improve the soil fertility. The bioavailability of the cadmium in soil can be remarkably reduced through the combination of the cadmium-rejection rape and the biomass carbon, and therefore cadmium accumulated by the rape can be further reduced and the range of popularization and application of the cadmium-rejection variety is widened. The method for reducing the absorption of the cadmium by the rape has the advantages of being good in effect, wide in range of sources of raw materials, low in cost, wide in application range, free of secondary pollution, and capable of having good ecological benefits and economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agricultural product security production technical field, specifically a kind of method that reduces the absorption of rape cadmium.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of China's economy and industrial or agricultural, discharge industry " three wastes " and domestic waste in violation of rules and regulations, the wastewater irrigation and the mud that use content of beary metal to exceed standard are agricultural, applying pesticides, chemical fertilizer unreasonably, cause the content of beary metal in China's agriculture soil to continue to increase, especially be positioned at the vegetable field soil of city suburbs and industrial and mining enterprises' periphery, heavy metal pollution is serious day by day, after the heavy metal contaminants that enters vegetable field soil is absorbed by vegetables, also aggravated the heavy metal pollution of victual.Investigation in recent years finds that exceeding standard in various degree, for example Nanjing, Guangzhou, Foochow, Shenyang and Tianjin have all appearred in the vegetables content of beary metal of many big and medium-sized cities.There is investigation to show, the vegetable field soil content of beary metal in area, Pearl River Delta nearly 40% exceeds standard, and has 10% to belong to severe contamination, and the vegetables content of beary metal exceeding standard rate of producing in these vegetable plots is also higher, can reach 22 ~ 31%, wherein the exceeding standard rate with cadmium, lead in rape, romaine lettuce, the naked oats dish is the highest.The rape sample analysis in 18 places, outskirts of a town, Nanjing shows, blade Cd content is all above food hygienic standard, the highlyest exceeds 17 times.The investigation of the vegetables content of beary metal that carry out in each district in Chongqing and health risk shows, Cd and Pb pollute the most seriously in the vegetables, and the health risk that Cd and Pb take in through meals in rape and leaf mustard is higher, the serious threat residents ' health.Hence one can see that, and serious heavy metal pollution of vegetable field soil has when causing the content of beary metal of victual and exceeds standard, and for leaf vegetables, rape particularly, and the cadmium lead pollution is even more serious, is badly in need of administering.
The method that reduces crop heavy metal pollution is more, can start with from soil and two aspects of plant.At first aspect soil, can reduce the content of heavy metal in soil or reduce its validity by the heavy metal pollution recovery technique, absorb accumulation thereby reduce crop.In numerous heavy metal pollution of soil recovery techniques, in-situ chemical passivation recovery technique is subjected to people's generally attention with its easy, effective and economical and practical advantage at present, is particularly useful for repairing in the large tracts of land, the agricultural land soil of slight pollution.It is by adding passivating material in soil, precipitate with heavy metal element, absorption, ion exchange, humification and oxidoreduction series reaction, and then the occurrence patterns of change heavy metal, significantly reduce its biological effectiveness and transportable property, obviously alleviate heavy metal pollution to the toxic action of plant growth, significantly reduce plant to the absorption accumulation of heavy metal.From the eighties in last century, the in-situ passivation recovery technique begins to put in the practical application.
In recent years, as a kind of novel passivating material, living beings carbon begins progressively to be applied in the heavy metal pollution of soil reparation research.Increasingly mature along with agricultural wastes biomass through pyrolysis carbonization technique technology, organic-biological matter such as crops straw, feces of livestock and poultry, municipal refuse and mud all can adopt the method for thermal cracking to be converted into living beings carbon.These agricultural wastes stock numbers are big, annual national feces of livestock and poultry discharge capacity is above 2,700,000,000 tons, stalk has more than 500,000,000 ton, these changing rejected material to useful resource not only can be avoided burning or banking up the problem of environmental pollution of generation, can also promote development of agricultural circulation economy, be conducive to promote the carbon fixation and emission reduction of agricultural production.Living beings carbon has porous, the chemical inertness that has bigger specific surface area, stronger surperficial adsorption capacity and height, its apparent height aromatization structure and part of hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl group and carbonyl functional group, organic and inorganic pollution are had the affinity of height, can be used as the desirable passivator of heavy metal pollution of soil.Multinomial studies show that in recent years, the living beings carbon of separate sources has the heavy metal in soil and the water body and organic pollutant and adsorbs passivation effect preferably, can be used for the passivation reparation of heavy metal pollution fully, and have the advantage of wide material sources, the with low cost and physicochemical character of improving the soil.
In recent years, start with to reduce the extensive concern that crop heavy metal pollution causes people from the plant aspect.Studies show that much not only there is notable difference in the ability of crop accumulation heavy metal between planting, and is also to have larger difference between kind in planting.Based on this discovery, people have proposed the concept of heavy metal rejection kind, and when these kinds were grown at the mild or moderate contaminated soil, its edible position content of beary metal was extremely low, significantly is lower than traditional category, can meet the requirement of food hygienic standard.The heavy metal kind that rejects is applied to agricultural production, can significantly reduces crop to the absorption of heavy metal, ensure the agricultural safety in production.At present, Chinese scholars is studied the product interspecific difference of various crop Cd accumulation, and has screened a collection of Cd rejection crop varieties; Wherein, field crop comprises paddy rice, wheat, barley, soybean, corn; Vegetables comprise tomato, asparagus bean, water spinach, cabbage heart, celery, Chinese cabbage.Yet for the stronger rape of cadmium accumulation capability, screening and the application of its cadmium rejection kind do not appear in the newspapers.
Because crop not only is subjected to genotypic control to the absorption of heavy metal, also is subjected to the influence of soil pollution level and physicochemical property, so the application of heavy metal rejection kind can be subjected to the strictness restriction of heavy metal pollution of soil level.For many vegetable crops that are easy to accumulate heavy metal, the heavy metal rejection kind of seed selection only is adapted at using on the heavy metal slight pollution soil, then can't plant, promote because edible position content of beary metal risk of exceeding criterion is big at middle and high contaminated region.Variety culture and soil passivation reclamation activities use in conjunction if heavy metal can be rejected, when plantation rejection kind, use the passivating material that some can significantly reduce the heavy metal-polluted soil activity, so just can effectively bring into play the two advantage, further reduce crop to the absorption accumulation of heavy metal, thereby expand the range of application of heavy metal rejection kind, improve the safety of its application.Based on this, the present invention will provide a kind of method that the rape cadmium absorbs that reduces, and will plant rape cadmium rejection kind and soil passivation measure use in conjunction, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, for the agricultural products in China safety in production provides new solution.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the method that a kind of efficient, economic, safe minimizing rape cadmium absorbs.
For realizing above-mentioned target, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method that reduces the absorption of rape cadmium is characterized in that: in the vegetable field soil of cadmium pollution, apply living beings carbon, fully mixing; After stablizing 7 ~ 14 days, plantation cadmium rejection rape variety absorbs thereby can significantly reduce the rape cadmium, reaches the purpose of safety in production, said method comprising the steps of:
1) preparation living beings carbon: with one or more discarded objects in the discarded object that produces in corn, soybean, cotton, wheat, Rice Production and the processing, the solid product that in retort, after 300 ~ 500 ℃ of carbonizations, obtains, pulverize with cracker or ball mill, the screen cloth of crossing 1mm obtains;
2) living beings carbon is used: at first will pollute top layer, vegetable plot 20 cm layer of soil and turn over, soil block is smashed, native face is raked, then the consumption of living beings carbon according to every mu of 750 ~ 2250 kg spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly at upper soll layer, use base fertilizer simultaneously, the consumption of base fertilizer is every mu of 40 kg N, 30 kg P
2O
5And 30 kg K
2O with living beings carbon and base fertilizer and the abundant mixing of top layer 20 cm soil, pours into the qualified water of content of beary metal at last, field water is divided often remain on 65 ~ 75% maxmun field capacities, and balance got final product planting vegetable after 7 ~ 14 days;
3) cadmium rejection rape variety plantation: the cadmium rejection rape variety commodity Hua Junqing stalk by name dish of selecting for use, during plantation cadmium rejection rape variety, adopt the mode of broadcasting sowing to sow, seeding quantity is 1 ~ 2 g/m
2Topdressing during the growth of rape, irrigation management and plant protection measure are identical with local management mode, grow and gather in the crops rape after 30-50 days.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect:
1) action effect is good.Rape cadmium rejection kind that principal character of the present invention has been use in conjunction and cadmium pollution is had the living beings carbon of strong passivation ability; Rape cadmium rejection kind itself just has the feature of low amount accumulation cadmium, is applied on the slight cadmium pollution soil, can significantly reduce the vegetables cadmium and absorb, and has also reduced cadmium and has taken in the risk that threatens health through meals; On this basis, the present invention has been used in combination the living beings material with carbon element that heavy metal pollution of soil is had strong passivation ability, and this material is loose porous, be alkalescence or alkalescence, specific surface area is big, and stability is organic and chelating functional group is abundant, and is strong to cadmium absorption crystallized ability; The two is combined, can significantly reduce the biological effectiveness of soil cadmium, thereby further reduce rape to the accumulation of cadmium, and enlarge the extent of spreading amd application of this cadmium rejection kind.
2) raw material sources are extensive, and are with low cost, and environment is had no adverse effects.Cadmium rejection rape variety Hua Junqing stalk dish used in the present invention is produced by Tianjin Zi Feng kind industry Co., Ltd, can buy on market; The living beings carbon that the present invention the uses huge agricultural production discarded object of output that has drawn from, it is very extensive to originate, and production process only needs thermal cracking carbonization and pulverizing, and production technology is simple, and cost is lower, after being applied to soil, not only can significantly reduce the soil pollutant activity, the physicochemical character of can also improving the soil is increase soil fertility, having reduced the pollution of agricultural wastes placement to environment simultaneously, is to serve multiple.
3) applied widely.The method that the present invention proposes can be in large tracts of land, use in the vegetable field soil of slight pollution, on-the-spot using method is simple simultaneously, there is not secondary pollution, can reduce the victual cadmium that China's vegetable field soil cadmium pollution causes directly, quickly and efficiently and accumulate, be suitable for large-scale promotion application.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is soil available Cd content schematic diagram under the different disposal among the embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the edible position of rape cadmium content schematic diagram under the different disposal among the embodiment.
Embodiment
Be described in further detail below in conjunction with the present invention of embodiment, but be not to be limitation of the present invention, all any this areas of doing according to the disclosure of invention be equal to replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment: reduce the field experiment that the rape cadmium absorbs
The experiment place is located at the dirty vegetable plot of irritating, the Dongli District Da Bi village, Tianjin town, this vegetable plot is positioned at dirty irrigated area, row river, north, Tianjin, use city domestic sewage and industrial sewage to irrigate after the seventies for a long time from eighties of last century, the vegetables of soil and production all are subjected to heavy metal pollution.Demonstration pilot project soil basic physical and chemical is as follows: pH value 7.8, and cation exchange capacity CEC 17.5 cmol/kg, the content of organic matter 4.56%, total cadmium content mean value is 2.8 mg/kg, total lead content mean value is 117.2 mg/kg.According to the soil environment quality national standard, this vegetable field soil is cadmium intermediate pollution soil.
Experiment is provided with 4 Passivation Treatment altogether, comprising: (1) control treatment, do not use passivating material; (2) living beings carbon I handles, and uses 750 kg/ mu living beings carbon; (3) living beings carbon II handles, and uses 1500 kg/ mu living beings carbon; (4) living beings carbon III handles, and uses 2250 kg/ mu living beings carbon.Plant 2 rape varieties, be respectively the cold green oil dish of traditional category and cadmium rejection kind Hua Junqing stalk dish.Therefore this experiment has 8 processing, and each processing arranges 3 repetitions, has 24 residential quarters, and each residential quarter area is 10m
2
Before the plantation rape, at first will pollute top layer, vegetable plot 20 cm layer of soil and turn over, soil block is smashed, raked in the top layer, then the consumption of living beings carbon according to every mu of 750 ~ 2250 kg spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly at upper soll layer, use base fertilizer simultaneously, the consumption of base fertilizer is every mu of 40 kg N, 30 kg P
2O
5And 30 kg K
2O with living beings carbon and base fertilizer and the abundant mixing of top layer 20 cm soil, irrigates with the well water that content of beary metal does not exceed standard at last, makes soil often keep 70% maximum field capacity, stablize 10 days after, get final product planting vegetable.Rape seed directly broadcasts sowing in soil, and seeding quantity is 1.5 g/m
2According to soil water regime, irregularly adopt well water to irrigate, make that water content often remains on 70% of field capacity in the soil, and use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer by 25 kg/ mus mid-term at vegetable growth, to promote vegetable growth.Gathered in the crops rape after waiting to grow 35 days, adopt nitric acid-perchloric acid method to clear up, the Cd content in the atomic absorption spectroscopy determination rape sample, the content of available state Cd in the employing DTPA extraction extraction and determination soil.
Different Passivation Treatment are seen Fig. 1 to the influence of soil available Cd content.As shown in Figure 1, along with the raising of living beings carbon amount of application, the soil available cadmium content progressively descends.For the cold green oil dish of traditional category, the living beings carbon of using 750,1500 and 2250 kg/ mus can make the soil available cadmium content reduce by 18.1%, 21.9% and 29.7% respectively than the contrast processing; And for cadmium rejection kind Hua Junqing stalk dish, the living beings carbon of using same dose can make the soil available cadmium content respectively than contrasting reduction by 10.8%, 19.4% and 26.5%. in general, soil available Cd content difference is less in the residential quarter of two kinds of plantation, uses the biological effectiveness that living beings carbon can effectively reduce the soil cadmium.
Fig. 2 is that Passivation Treatment is to the influence of the edible position of different rape varieties cadmium content.At first contrast two kind overground part cadmium contents as can be known, the overground part cadmium accumulation of cadmium rejection kind Hua Junqing stalk dish on average hangs down 43.6% than the cold green oil dish of traditional category under the same treatment, though be higher than national food hygienic standard limit value (leaf vegetables: 0.2 mg/kg) at the blue or green stalk of control treatment China fine horse dish cadmium content, but in other Passivation Treatment, its cadmium content all is lower than this limit value, shows the low amount accumulation of typical cadmium feature.
Secondly, just reduce the effect of rape overground part cadmium content, the effect size order of each Passivation Treatment is: living beings carbon III〉living beings carbon II〉living beings carbon I.Wherein, for the cold green oil dish of traditional category, the living beings carbon of using 750,1500 and 2250 kg/ mus can make rape overground part Cd content reduce by 21.2%, 24.4% and 33.2% than contrast respectively, even yet in the highest consumption of living beings carbon is handled, the cold edible position of green oil dish Cd content illustrates that still a little more than the food hygienic standard limit value this kind is not suitable for the safety in production in cadmium intermediate pollution vegetable plot.For cadmium rejection kind Hua Junqing stalk dish, the living beings carbon of using 750,1500 and 2250 kg/ mus can make rape overground part Cd content reduce by 33.2%, 53.1% and 50.2% than contrast respectively, and passivation effect obviously is better than traditional category.
As a whole, owing to controlled by genotype, no matter in office where the managing, top, the vegetable plot cadmium accumulation of cadmium rejection kind Hua Junqing stalk all significantly is lower than the cold green oil dish of traditional category, and after adding living beings carbon, the overground part cadmium content of Hua Junqing stalk dish significantly reduces again, significantly is lower than food hygienic standard, not only can eat safely, also can effectively reduce the human body cadmium and take in.Therefore, using living beings carbon can effectively passivation Cadmium Pollution in Soils, significantly reduces the validity of soil cadmium, and then the impedance cadmium is to rape edible position migration, accumulation, thereby improves the food hygiene quality of rape.
According to the above description, can realize the solution of the present invention in conjunction with art technology.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is reduced the method that the rape cadmium absorbs, and it is characterized in that: in the vegetable field soil of cadmium pollution, apply living beings carbon, fully mixing; After stablizing 7 ~ 14 days, plantation cadmium rejection rape variety absorbs thereby can significantly reduce the rape cadmium, reaches the purpose of safety in production, said method comprising the steps of:
1) preparation living beings carbon: with one or more discarded objects in the discarded object that produces in corn, soybean, cotton, wheat, Rice Production and the processing, the solid product that in retort, after 300 ~ 500 ℃ of carbonizations, obtains, pulverize with cracker or ball mill, the screen cloth of crossing 1mm obtains;
2) living beings carbon is used: at first will pollute top layer, vegetable plot 20 cm layer of soil and turn over, soil block is smashed, native face is raked, then the consumption of living beings carbon according to every mu of 750 ~ 2250 kg spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly at upper soll layer, use base fertilizer simultaneously, the consumption of base fertilizer is every mu of 40 kg N, 30 kg P
2O
5And 30 kg K
2O with living beings carbon and base fertilizer and the abundant mixing of top layer 20 cm soil, pours into the qualified water of content of beary metal at last, field water is divided often remain on 65 ~ 75% maxmun field capacities, and balance got final product planting vegetable after 7 ~ 14 days;
3) cadmium rejection rape variety plantation: the cadmium rejection rape variety commodity Hua Junqing stalk by name dish of selecting for use, during plantation cadmium rejection rape variety, adopt the mode of broadcasting sowing to sow, seeding quantity is 1 ~ 2 g/m
2Topdressing during the growth of rape, irrigation management and plant protection measure are identical with local management mode, grow and gather in the crops rape after 30-50 days.
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| CN104620804A (en) * | 2014-12-20 | 2015-05-20 | 湖南科技大学 | Method for reducing absorbed and accumulated heavy metal of Brass napus |
| CN106424106A (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2017-02-22 | 湖南科技大学 | Method for promoting oilseed rape to absorb heavy metal cadmium |
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Application publication date: 20130821 |