CN103248884A - System, base station and method for controlling video rate - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a system, a base station and a method for controlling the video rate. The system includes a coding module, a control module and a line-up scheduling module. Through the adoption of the embodiment of the invention, the losing accidents caused by network congestion in a wireless network can be effectively avoided, video compression parameters can be dynamically adjusted based on the video content according to the network conditions under the premise that a receiving end for receiving the video data does not need to feed any information back; and besides, according to the embodiment of the invention, all kinds of transmission delay are taken into consideration in the obtained state parameters of the system, so that the end-to-end time delay of data packets on a transmission layer at different data packet arriving rates is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a system, a base station, and a method for controlling a video rate.
Background
Video communication, particularly real-time video communication, is expected to be the main form of communication traffic in Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless networks. Due to the scarcity of radio resources, from the operator perspective, a good LTE-based video communication system should be able to achieve maximum system capacity, i.e. support the maximum number of users, while providing satisfactory user experience, such as received video quality, video continuity, etc.
In wireless networks, packet loss is mainly caused by two reasons: network congestion and random radio channel errors. As with random wireless channel errors, packet loss due to network congestion in low or fluctuating bandwidth networks can severely impact system capacity and user experience. The transmission rate control technique can reduce or avoid network congestion. Therefore, developing rate control techniques that can adapt to network conditions is particularly important for wireless multimedia applications.
For real-time video applications, control of the transmission rate may be achieved by dynamically changing the video coding parameters (e.g., quantization step size) of the application layer. The network congestion condition is also closely related to physical layer transmission parameters such as Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).
The existing method for controlling video rate mainly aims at the transmission layer rate control technology based on user end feedback of the cable network.
In the method, the adjustment of the sending rate is performed based on the feedback information of the user terminal. These feedback information, including packet loss probability, latency, or other quality of service (QoS) parameters, are considered to directly reflect the congestion status of the network. The transmitting end calculates an appropriate transmission rate by an equation based on the feedback information.
The above is not suitable for transmission rate adjustment in wireless networks. Since the prior art only considers loss events due to network congestion. In a wireless network, besides a loss event caused by network congestion, a random error of a wireless channel also causes packet loss. Furthermore, the congestion condition of the network is also affected by the retransmission caused by random errors of the wireless channel. In addition, the existing transmission layer rate control technology is mainly based on feedback information of a receiving end. Due to the delay of the feedback mechanism, the rate adjustment always lags behind the occurrence of network congestion and loss events, so that the adverse effect of the loss events caused by the network congestion on the video quality cannot be avoided.
In the prior art, it is difficult to find a video rate adjustment scheme which is suitable for a wireless network, does not need feedback from a receiving end, can dynamically adjust parameters of video compression based on video content according to network conditions, and can consider all transmission delays.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention provide a system, a base station, and a method for controlling a video rate, which can dynamically adjust parameters of video compression based on video content according to a network condition when controlling the video rate.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a system for controlling a video rate, where the system includes:
the server is used for receiving an input video image, dividing the received video image into video coding units, sequentially adopting different coding parameters to compress the video coding units, obtaining the number of information bits after each coding parameter is applied to compression, and transmitting the number of the information bits to the base station; calculating an estimated video distortion value according to the received estimated packet loss rate, and transmitting the estimated video distortion value to a base station; compressing the video coding unit according to the received optimal video coding value, and transmitting the compressed coding block to a base station;
the base station is used for estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system according to the information bit number and the system state parameters and transmitting the estimated packet loss rate to the server; determining an optimal video coding value and a transmission parameter through an optimization algorithm according to the estimated video distortion value and the estimated system current time delay, and transmitting the optimal video coding value to a server; and allocating wireless resources to the coding blocks according to the received transmission parameters.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a base station, where the base station includes:
the encoding module is used for receiving an input video image, dividing the received video image into video encoding units, sequentially adopting different encoding parameters to compress the video encoding units, obtaining the number of information bits after each encoding parameter is applied to compression, and transmitting the number of the information bits to the control module; calculating an estimated video distortion value according to the received estimated packet loss rate, and transmitting the estimated video distortion value to a control module; compressing the video coding unit according to the received optimal video coding value, and transmitting the compressed coding block to a queuing and scheduling module;
the control module is used for estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system according to the information bit number and the system state parameters and transmitting the estimated packet loss rate to the coding module; determining an optimal video coding value and a transmission parameter through an optimization algorithm according to the estimated video distortion value and the estimated system current time delay, transmitting the optimal video coding value to a coding module, and transmitting the transmission parameter to a queuing and scheduling module;
the queuing and scheduling module is used for acquiring system state parameters and transmitting the system state parameters to the control module; and allocating wireless resources to the coding blocks according to the received transmission parameters.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a base station, where the base station includes:
the control module is used for estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system according to the information bit number and the system state parameters and transmitting the estimated packet loss rate to the server side; determining an optimal video coding value and a transmission parameter through an optimization algorithm according to the estimated video distortion value and the estimated current time delay of the system, transmitting the optimal video coding value to a server side, and transmitting the transmission parameter to a queuing and scheduling module; the information bit number is the information bit number obtained by compressing a video coding unit by the server by adopting different coding parameters and applying compression of each coding parameter; the estimated video distortion value is obtained by the server side after calculation according to the received estimated packet loss rate;
the queuing and scheduling module is used for acquiring system state parameters and transmitting the system state parameters to the control module; and allocating wireless resources to the coding blocks according to the received transmission parameters.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for controlling the video rate, which comprises the following steps:
receiving the information bit number after compressing corresponding to each kind of coding parameter; the compressed information bit number corresponding to each coding parameter is obtained by sequentially adopting different coding parameters to compress a video coding unit;
receiving a system state parameter;
estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system according to the information bit number and the system state parameter;
calculating an estimated video distortion value according to the estimated packet loss rate, and determining an optimal video coding value and transmission parameters through an optimization algorithm according to the estimated video distortion value and the estimated current time delay of the system;
compressing the video coding unit according to the optimal video coding value;
and allocating wireless resources to the coding blocks according to the transmission parameters.
By applying the embodiment of the invention, the loss event caused by network congestion in the wireless network can be effectively avoided through the scheduling of the queuing scheduling module. Moreover, all data come from the sending end of the video data, so that the feedback information of a receiving end (such as a user end) for finally receiving the video data is not needed, and the dynamic adjustment of video compression parameters based on the video content can be carried out according to the network condition; in addition, because all transmission delays are considered through the acquired system state parameters, the embodiment of the invention avoids the condition that the end-to-end delay of the data packets under different data packet arrival rates on a transmission layer cannot be considered.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an operational model of a system for controlling video rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a diagram illustrating a system for controlling video rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of another system architecture for controlling video rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of controlling video rate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an interaction flow diagram based on the system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a testing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the n-th frame of video coding image;
FIG. 7 is a combination of all operation points corresponding to a video slice i for a user in example one;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another base station according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The system, the base station and the method for controlling the video rate do not need feedback information of a receiving end; the required network condition information (such as network packet loss and data packet delay) is calculated at the sending end. The working model of the system according to the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1. The system is a multi-user system and mainly comprises three modules: the device comprises an encoding module, a control module and a queuing and scheduling module.
The function of the encoding module is to compress the input video. Each user corresponds to an encoder; the encoding parameter value of the encoder has a plurality of selectable operating points; different operating points can result in different information rates at the encoder output and video compression distortion. The coding module can be placed at the network server side and also can be placed at the base station side. If it is assumed that the video encoding module is on the base station side, the base station should have a function of decoding and then encoding the video stream input from the server.
The queuing and scheduling module has the function of allocating wireless resources to the video compressed bit stream according to a certain priority for transmission. In this module, each user corresponds to a queue; video stream data output from the application layer coding module enters a queue to wait for a sending service provided by a queuing and scheduling module; the size of the transmission rate depends on the physical layer radio channel conditions and the choice of transmission parameters. The queuing and scheduling module is arranged at the base station side.
The functions of the control module include: interacting with the coding module and the queuing and scheduling module to obtain network conditions and video distortion information under the values of various parameters (such as coding parameters, transmission parameters and the like); an optimization algorithm is used to determine the optimal operating point for each parameter and passed to the module in which the parameter resides. The embodiment of the invention places the control module at the base station side, thereby being closer to a time-varying wireless channel and being capable of estimating the network condition more timely.
Referring to fig. 2a, which is a schematic structural diagram of a system for controlling video rate according to an embodiment of the present invention, the system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the encoding module 201 is configured to receive an input video image, divide the received video image into video encoding units, and sequentially compress the video encoding units by using different encoding parameters to obtain the number of information bits compressed by applying each encoding parameter; calculating an estimated video distortion value according to the received estimated packet loss rate, and transmitting the estimated video distortion value to a control module; compressing the video coding unit according to the received optimal video coding value, and transmitting the compressed coding block to a queuing and scheduling module;
the coding module can be located at a base station or a server side, and when the coding module is located at the base station side, the base station has the function of decoding the video coding data received from the server firstly and then coding the video coding data.
The control module 202 is configured to estimate a current packet loss rate and a time delay of the system according to the information bit number and the system state parameter, and transmit the estimated packet loss rate to the encoding module; determining an optimal video coding value and a transmission parameter through an optimization algorithm according to the estimated video distortion value and the estimated system current time delay, transmitting the optimal video coding value to a coding module, and transmitting the transmission parameter to a queuing and scheduling module;
a queuing and scheduling module 203, configured to obtain a system state parameter, and transmit the system state parameter to a control module; and allocating wireless resources to the coding blocks according to the received transmission parameters.
The video coding unit is a video image frame or a video Slice.
Wherein the system state parameters include at least an LTE coding block size (LTE coding block size) and a Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS). Besides, the system state parameters may include one or any combination of the following: a Time Transmission Interval (TTI), a Resource Block (RB), and a Scheduling Block (SB).
The method for estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system by the control module comprises the step of estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system based on a queuing theory according to network congestion and random wireless channel errors.
The optimization algorithm is determined according to an optimization objective.
The determination according to the optimization target is to determine an optimization algorithm according to the target to be optimized. For example, the optimization objective is "maximum system capacity under the premise of ensuring certain video quality", and the optimization algorithm at this time is: the control module receives the video distortion evaluation value transmitted by the coding module, finds out all parameter combinations (the combinations comprise coding parameters, transmission parameters and the like) when the distortion evaluation value is smaller than a certain threshold (37 db is proved by experiments to be a critical value of video quality acceptable by naked eyes), then uses the parameter combinations to simulate and calculate supportable user number (the more the number of supported users is, the larger the system capacity is), and finds out the group of parameters supporting the most user number, so that the coding parameters and the transmission parameters contained in the group of parameters are the optimal coding parameter values and the optimal transmission parameter values determined by the optimization algorithm of the control module. Of course, the optimization target may be "maximum system capacity on the premise of ensuring a certain number of users", or the optimization target may be "maximum system capacity on the premise of ensuring high-quality video quality", or the like. It can be seen that the optimization goal can be determined according to the user requirement, and accordingly, the optimization algorithm used is an algorithm for ensuring that the optimization goal is achieved.
The control module and the queuing and scheduling module are positioned at the base station side.
It should be noted that, if the encoding module 201 is located on a server and the control module 202 and the queuing scheduling module 203 are located on a base station side, the system for controlling a video rate according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 2b, and specifically includes:
a server 204, configured to receive an input video image, divide the received video image into video coding units, sequentially compress the video coding units by using different coding parameters, obtain the number of information bits compressed by applying each coding parameter, and transmit the number of information bits to a base station; calculating an estimated video distortion value according to the received estimated packet loss rate, and transmitting the estimated video distortion value to a base station; compressing the video coding unit according to the received optimal video coding value, and transmitting the compressed coding block to a base station;
the base station 205 is configured to estimate a current packet loss rate and a time delay of the system according to the information bit number and the system state parameter, and transmit the estimated packet loss rate to the server; determining an optimal video coding value and a transmission parameter through an optimization algorithm according to the estimated video distortion value and the estimated system current time delay, and transmitting the optimal video coding value to a server; and allocating wireless resources to the coding blocks according to the received transmission parameters.
Of course, the video coding unit may be a video image frame or a video Slice. The system state parameters at least comprise LTE coding block size and modulation coding scheme MCS. The system state parameters further comprise one or any combination of the following: time transmission interval TTI, resource block RB, scheduling block SB.
By applying the system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the loss event caused by network congestion in the wireless network can be effectively avoided through the scheduling of the queuing scheduling module. Moreover, all data come from the sending end of the video data, so that the dynamic adjustment of video compression parameters based on video content can be carried out according to the network condition without feeding back any information by a receiving end (such as a user end) which finally receives the video data; in addition, because all transmission delays are considered through the acquired system state parameters, the embodiment of the invention avoids the condition that the end-to-end delay of the data packets under different data packet arrival rates on a transmission layer cannot be considered.
Referring to fig. 3, which is a flowchart of a method for controlling a video rate according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method described in this embodiment is applied to the system provided in fig. 1 and 2, and specifically includes:
301, the control module receives the compressed information bit number corresponding to each encoding parameter from the encoding module; the compressed information bit number corresponding to each coding parameter is obtained by the coding module sequentially adopting different coding parameters to compress the video coding unit;
The video coding unit is a video image frame or a video Slice.
The system state parameters at least include an LTE coding block size (LTE coding block size) and a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS). Besides, the system state parameters may include one or any combination of the following: a Time Transmission Interval (TTI), a Resource Block (RB), and a Scheduling Block (SB).
The transmission parameters may include only MCS, and may further include one or any combination of the following in addition to MCS: TTI, RB, SB, etc.
The method for estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system by the control module comprises the step of estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system based on a queuing theory according to network congestion and random wireless channel errors.
The optimization algorithm is determined according to an optimization objective.
The coding module is located at a base station or a server.
The control module and the queuing and scheduling module are positioned at the base station.
By applying the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the loss event caused by network congestion in the wireless network can be effectively avoided through the scheduling of the queuing scheduling module. Moreover, all data come from the sending end of the video data, so that the dynamic adjustment of video compression parameters based on video content can be carried out according to the network condition without feeding back any information by a receiving end (such as a user end) which finally receives the video data; in addition, because all transmission delays are considered through the acquired system state parameters, the embodiment of the invention avoids the condition that the end-to-end delay of the data packets under different data packet arrival rates on a transmission layer cannot be considered.
Referring to fig. 4, which is an interaction flowchart based on the systems shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment specifically includes:
step 401, an encoding module receives an input video image, divides the received video image into video encoding units, and sequentially compresses the video encoding units by adopting different encoding parameters to obtain the number of information bits after each encoding parameter is applied to compression;
step 402, the coding module transmits the obtained information bit number compressed by each coding parameter to the control module;
step 403, the control module obtains system state parameters from the queuing and scheduling module;
the system state parameters include at least an LTE coding block size (LTE coding block size) and an MCS. Besides, the system state parameters may include one or any combination of the following: TTI, RB, SB.
404-405, the control module estimates the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system according to the information bit number and the system state parameters, and transmits the estimated packet loss rate to the encoding module;
specifically, the control module can estimate the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system based on a queuing theory according to network congestion and random wireless channel errors;
406-407, calculating an estimated video distortion value by an encoding module according to the estimated packet loss rate, and transmitting the estimated video distortion value to a control module;
the specific calculation method is as described in the prior art, and is described in detail in the following examples.
408-409, determining an optimal video coding value and a transmission parameter by the control module through an optimization algorithm according to the estimated video distortion value and the estimated system current time delay, transmitting the optimal video coding value to the coding module, and transmitting the transmission parameter to the queuing and scheduling module;
the optimization algorithm is determined according to an optimization objective.
The transmission parameters may include only MCS, and may further include one or any combination of the following in addition to MCS: TTI, RB, SB, etc.
Step 410-411, compressing the video coding unit by a coding module according to the optimal video coding value, and transmitting the compressed coding block to a queuing and scheduling module;
in step 412, the queuing and scheduling module allocates radio resources to the coding blocks according to the transmission parameters.
By applying the method shown in fig. 4, finally, the lost event caused by network congestion in the wireless network can be effectively avoided through the scheduling of the queuing scheduling module. Moreover, all data come from the sending end of the video data, so that the dynamic adjustment of video compression parameters based on video content can be carried out according to the network condition without feeding back any information by a receiving end (such as a user end) which finally receives the video data; in addition, all transmission delays are considered through the acquired system state parameters in the embodiment of the invention, so that the condition that the end-to-end delay of the data packets at different data packet arrival rates on a transmission layer cannot be considered is avoided.
To verify the feasibility of the scheme, simulation experiments were performed. Referring to fig. 5, which is a block diagram of a testing system according to an embodiment of the present invention, each video slice of each user is treated as a video coding unit. In this example, the encoding module is implemented by an encoder, the control module is implemented by a controller, and the queuing and scheduling module is implemented by a queuing scheduler. Assume that one slice in a video frame includes a row of macroblocks (macroblocks). The quantization step (QP) in video compression is used as a video coding parameter for adjusting the output rate, and the MCS of the physical layer is taken as a transmission parameter to be optimized. Each slice corresponds to a compressed information bit corresponding to a data packet. According to the LTE system parameters, a data packet is divided into a plurality of coding blocks (coding blocks) with the same length, and each coding block is assumed to include 6 resource blocks in this embodiment.
Example one: the specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) encoder compression of input video with different QP values
For a given video coding unit slice, different QP values result in different numbers of compressed bits. The encoder transmits the compression ratio characteristic information shown in table 1 obtained after encoding to the controller.
TABLE 1 information conveyed to the controller by the encoder
(2) The controller calculates the packet loss rate and the time delay of each data packet
Generally, a data packet output by video compression is divided into a plurality of information coding blocks with the same length before scheduling. These coded blocks constitute queues awaiting service by the queuing scheduler. The service rate of the queue is the throughput rate of the wireless channel. The coding block arrival rate of the queue depends on the video stream rate. The video stream rate depends on the choice of the video coding parameter QP, given the video frame rate. The timeliness of the packet transmission dictates that these code blocks also have a certain life cycle. If the time delay of a certain coding block in the waiting queue exceeds the life cycle of the coding block, the coding block is discarded from the queue; its corresponding packet is also dropped, resulting in a packet loss rate/loss event. That is, the probability of packet loss due to the block queuing timeout (timeout) reflects the congestion condition of the network. The reasons for the overlong time delay of the coding block are as follows: poor radio channel conditions result in low transmission rates and multiple retransmissions; too high bit rate of the output video of the encoder causes the queue length to increase, thereby causing network congestion and too large queuing delay. It should be noted that the low transmission rate of the wireless channel also results in an increase in the queue length. Therefore, the controller should consider network congestion and radio channel conditions together when estimating packet loss rate and delay. By dynamically adjusting the video coding parameter QP and the transmission parameter MCS to respectively change the arrival rate of the coding blocks and the queue service rate, the packet loss caused by network congestion can be avoided.
In order to calculate the packet loss rate, the probability of block loss caused by the delay of the coding block exceeding the maximum allowable delay (life cycle) should be calculated based on the queuing theory. The following is an algorithm (the algorithm itself is the prior art) for calculating the packet loss probability and the time delay by the controller based on the queuing theory according to the LTE system parameters (such as RB, SB, TTI, MCS operating point set, subcarrier number, coding block size, etc.):
in the LTE system, one Scheduling Block (SB) is the smallest radio resource unit that a queuing scheduler can assign to a certain user, and one SB includes 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain and 2 RBs in succession in the time domain, i.e., 1 ms. Each RB is assumed to contain a subcarriers and β OFDM symbols. Meanwhile, the LTE system provides that one Transmission Time Interval (TTI) has the same duration of 1ms as the SB. If the number of usable data subcarriers of the system is phi, the number of SB included in one TTI is phi
Assume that a video frame is divided into I video coding units (e.g., slices) at a video encoder, and each video unit is compressed into a data packet. Without loss of generality, define Hn，iFor the data packet pi corresponding to the ith video unit of the nth video framen，iThe packet length of (2). Assuming that each coding block occupies d resource blocks, RBs, the spectral efficiency of the adopted MCSIf θ, the number of information bits carried by a coding block is δ ═ d · α · β · θ, and the data packet is πn，iIs divided into
And coding the blocks. Wherein,
this means taking the upper limit of the integer (e.g., 5.2, which is equal to 6, or 5.9 which is equal to 6).
I.e. when the data packet is pin，iTo the scheduler, corresponding to Mn，iAnd forming a queue for service at the transmitting end by the coding blocks with the length delta. At the same time, it can also be derived that a data packet pi is transmitted oncen，iThe number of required SB is
Assume that the life cycle (i.e., the maximum allowed delay) of a video frame is Tmax. In a real-time video communication system can be approximated as
Where f is the video frame rate. Then, the average life cycle of a packet is
The average life cycle of a coding block is
Coding block life cycle in real-time video communication systemAlso approximated as arrival interval (arrival interval) tb. Therefore, the arrival rate of the coding block queue can be approximated as
According to the previous analysis, a data packet is transmitted oncen，iNeed forn，iSB, so, transmit a data packet pin，iNeed to make sure thatA TTI. Since the duration of one TTI is 1ms, a data packet is transmitted pin，iThe effective transmission rate (goodput) of time is
Where p is the probability of packet loss due to random radio channel errors,ρbis the probability of loss of a code block, p, due to random radio channel errorsbDepending on the MCS scheme and channel SNR employed.
Life cycle of coded block
Within, the maximum number of retransmissions for a coding block may be calculated as
In order to calculate the waiting time of the coding block in the queue, without loss of generality, the service time X of the coding block to the queue is assumedn，iSubject to a geometric distribution. Then, service time Xn，iCan be calculated as
It is assumed that the arrival process of a coded block follows a poisson process. Without loss of generality, a queue formed by coding blocks can be regarded as an arrival rate of lambdan，iM/G/1 queues. Based on the queue analysis, the average waiting time of the coding blocks in the queue is
Based on the tail-distribution of the waiting time, the loss probability caused by the time delay of the coding block exceeding the life cycle is
From the above loss probability of the coding block, the loss probability of the data packet can be calculated as
Transmission of data packets in view of retransmissionsn，iThe total number of required SB is Ln，i＝ln，i·τn，iThe total number of TTIs required isSince the duration of one TTI is 1ms, a data packet is transmitted by pin，iIs 0.001. N'T。
(3) The coding module calculates and estimates video distortion according to the packet loss probability
The controller calculates the packet loss probability Pn，iAnd transmitting to the encoding module. The encoding module can estimate the received video distortion D of the user terminal by using the ROPE algorithm. The encoding module passes the estimated received video distortion value D to the controller.
(4) The control module executes an optimization algorithm to determine an optimal QP and MCS
As shown in fig. 6, without loss of generality, it is assumed that each frame of video coded picture consists of a plurality of slices (slices). Each slice may be compressed into packets of different sizes according to different coding parameter values QP. Each slice can be decoded separately at the user side.
As shown in FIG. 7, assume that QP has J operation points and MCS has K operation points. For a given slice i, each QP operation point qjAnd MCS operating point ckCombination (q) ofj，ck) All corresponding to a distortion value of the slice
And number of SB occupied
As shown in fig. 7, for a user's tile i, there are a total of J × K possible parameter combinations (q)j，ck) Corresponding to the combination of J x K possible distortions and SB numbersFrom allSearch out
And minimum SB number
Meet the time delay requirement
Combinations of (a) and (b). The value of QP and MCS for this combination is considered to be the optimal operating point (q) for the slice*，c*). Limitation of conditionsEnsures that the distortion of the chip is less than the maximum distortion value D set by the systemmax，
The slice is guaranteed to occupy the least radio resources,
and the chip transmission is ensured to meet the time delay requirement. The control module calculates the calculated optimum QPq*Transmitting to the coding module; calculating the optimum MCSc*And transmitting the data to a queuing and scheduling module.
(5) The encoder outputs a corresponding data rate according to the optimal QP value; the scheduler allocates radio resources according to the corresponding MCS.
Due to the independence between slices, the minimum SB number occupied by one frame of image of one user is equal to the sum of the minimum SB numbers occupied by all slices of the image. The scheduler assigns a corresponding number of SBs to the user. According to the LTE system parameter setting and the effectiveness of the video frame, the total SB number available in one image time can be determined, so the number of the total users capable of being supported in one image time can also be determined. Since each user occupies the minimum number of SBs that satisfy the distortion condition, the total number of users that the system can support is maximized.
The controller estimates the network congestion condition which can be caused by the controller according to all possible output rates of the encoder before actual data is sent, and the actual output rate of the encoder is based on the estimation result of the controller, so that the network congestion condition is avoided. The process of the controller optimizing the adjustment of the encoder output rate does not require the terminal to feed back additional information.
By applying the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the loss event caused by network congestion in the wireless network can be effectively avoided. Moreover, all data come from the sending end of the video data, and the dynamic adjustment of video compression parameters based on video content can be carried out according to the network condition without feeding back any information by a receiving end (such as a user end) which finally receives the video data; in addition, all transmission delays are considered through the acquired system state parameters in the embodiment of the invention, so that the condition that the end-to-end delay of the data packets at different data packet arrival rates on a transmission layer cannot be considered is avoided.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a base station, and referring to fig. 8, the base station 80 includes:
the encoding module 801 is configured to receive an input video image, divide the received video image into video encoding units, and sequentially compress the video encoding units by using different encoding parameters to obtain the number of information bits compressed by applying each encoding parameter; calculating an estimated video distortion value according to the received estimated packet loss rate, and transmitting the estimated video distortion value to a control module; compressing the video coding unit according to the received optimal video coding value, and transmitting the compressed coding block to a queuing and scheduling module;
the control module 802 is configured to estimate a current packet loss rate and a time delay of the system according to the information bit number and the system state parameter, and transmit the estimated packet loss rate to the encoding module; determining an optimal video coding value and a transmission parameter through an optimization algorithm according to the estimated video distortion value and the estimated system current time delay, transmitting the optimal video coding value to a coding module, and transmitting the transmission parameter to a queuing and scheduling module;
a queuing and scheduling module 803, configured to obtain a system state parameter, and transmit the system state parameter to a control module; and allocating wireless resources to the coding blocks according to the received transmission parameters.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 8, the base station 80 includes an encoding module, a control module, and a queuing scheduling module. Of course, the base station in this case needs to have a function of decoding the received video encoded data from the server first and then encoding the decoded video encoded data.
The video coding unit is a video image frame or a video Slice.
The system state parameters at least include an LTE coding block size (LTE coding block size) and an MCS. Besides, the system state parameters may include one or any combination of the following: TTI, RB, SB.
The transmission parameters may include only MCS, and may further include one or any combination of the following in addition to MCS: TTI, RB, SB, etc.
The method for estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system by the control module comprises the step of estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system based on a queuing theory according to network congestion and random wireless channel errors.
The optimization algorithm is determined according to an optimization objective.
By applying the base station provided by the embodiment of the invention, the loss event caused by network congestion in a wireless network can be effectively avoided through the scheduling of the queuing scheduling module. Moreover, all data come from the sending end of the video data, so that the dynamic adjustment of video compression parameters based on video content can be carried out according to the network condition without feeding back any information by a receiving end (such as a user end) which finally receives the video data; in addition, all transmission delays are considered through the acquired system state parameters in the embodiment of the invention, so that the condition that the end-to-end delay of the data packets at different data packet arrival rates on a transmission layer cannot be considered is avoided.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a base station, and referring to fig. 9, the base station 90 includes:
a control module 901, configured to estimate a current packet loss rate and a time delay of the system according to the information bit number and the system state parameter, and transmit the estimated packet loss rate to the server side; determining an optimal video coding value and a transmission parameter through an optimization algorithm according to the estimated video distortion value and the estimated current time delay of the system, transmitting the optimal video coding value to a server side, and transmitting the transmission parameter to a queuing and scheduling module; the information bit number is the information bit number obtained by compressing a video coding unit by the server by adopting different coding parameters and applying compression of each coding parameter; the estimated video distortion value is obtained by the server side after calculation according to the received estimated packet loss rate;
a queuing and scheduling module 902, configured to obtain a system state parameter, and transmit the system state parameter to a control module; and allocating wireless resources to the coding blocks according to the received transmission parameters.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 9, the base station 90 only includes a control module and a queuing and scheduling module, and the encoding module is located on the server side.
The video coding unit is a video image frame or a video Slice.
The system state parameters at least include an LTE coding block size (LTE coding block size) and an MCS. Besides, the system state parameters may include one or any combination of the following: TTI, RB, SB.
The transmission parameters may include only MCS, and may further include one or any combination of the following in addition to MCS: TTI, RB, SB, etc.
The method for estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system by the control module comprises the step of estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system based on a queuing theory according to network congestion and random wireless channel errors.
The optimization algorithm is determined according to an optimization objective.
By applying the base station provided by the embodiment of the invention, the loss event caused by network congestion in a wireless network can be effectively avoided through the scheduling of the queuing scheduling module. Moreover, all data come from the sending end of the video data, so that the dynamic adjustment of video compression parameters based on video content can be carried out according to the network condition without feeding back any information by a receiving end (such as a user end) which finally receives the video data; in addition, all transmission delays are considered through the acquired system state parameters in the embodiment of the invention, so that the condition that the end-to-end delay of the data packets at different data packet arrival rates on a transmission layer cannot be considered is avoided.
For the base station and the method embodiment, since they are basically similar to the system embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, refer to the partial description of the method embodiment.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. The term "comprising", without further limitation, means that the element so defined is not excluded from the group consisting of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the above method embodiments may be implemented by a program to instruct relevant hardware to perform the steps, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which is referred to herein as a storage medium, such as: ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.
Claims (13)
1. A system for controlling video rate, the system comprising:
the server is used for receiving an input video image, dividing the received video image into video coding units, sequentially adopting different coding parameters to compress the video coding units, obtaining the number of information bits after each coding parameter is applied to compression, and transmitting the number of the information bits to the base station; calculating an estimated video distortion value according to the received estimated packet loss rate, and transmitting the estimated video distortion value to a base station; compressing the video coding unit according to the received optimal video coding value, and transmitting the compressed coding block to a base station;
the base station is used for estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system according to the information bit number and the system state parameters and transmitting the estimated packet loss rate to the server; determining an optimal video coding value and a transmission parameter through an optimization algorithm according to the estimated video distortion value and the estimated system current time delay, and transmitting the optimal video coding value to a server; and allocating wireless resources to the coding blocks according to the received transmission parameters.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the video coding unit is a video image frame or a video Slice.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system state parameters comprise at least an LTE code block size and a modulation and coding scheme, MCS.
4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the system state parameters further comprise one or any combination of the following: time transmission interval TTI, resource block RB, scheduling block SB.
5. A base station, characterized in that the base station comprises:
the encoding module is used for receiving an input video image, dividing the received video image into video encoding units, sequentially adopting different encoding parameters to compress the video encoding units, obtaining the number of information bits after each encoding parameter is applied to compression, and transmitting the number of the information bits to the control module; calculating an estimated video distortion value according to the received estimated packet loss rate, and transmitting the estimated video distortion value to a control module; compressing the video coding unit according to the received optimal video coding value, and transmitting the compressed coding block to a queuing and scheduling module;
the control module is used for estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system according to the information bit number and the system state parameters and transmitting the estimated packet loss rate to the coding module; determining an optimal video coding value and a transmission parameter through an optimization algorithm according to the estimated video distortion value and the estimated system current time delay, transmitting the optimal video coding value to a coding module, and transmitting the transmission parameter to a queuing and scheduling module;
the queuing and scheduling module is used for acquiring system state parameters and transmitting the system state parameters to the control module; and allocating wireless resources to the coding blocks according to the received transmission parameters.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the video coding unit is a video image frame or a video Slice.
7. The system of claim 5, wherein the system state parameters comprise at least an LTE code block size and a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).
8. A base station, characterized in that the base station comprises:
the control module is used for estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system according to the information bit number and the system state parameters and transmitting the estimated packet loss rate to the server side; determining an optimal video coding value and a transmission parameter through an optimization algorithm according to the estimated video distortion value and the estimated current time delay of the system, transmitting the optimal video coding value to a server side, and transmitting the transmission parameter to a queuing and scheduling module; the information bit number is the information bit number obtained by compressing a video coding unit by the server by adopting different coding parameters and applying compression of each coding parameter; the estimated video distortion value is obtained by the server side after calculation according to the received estimated packet loss rate;
the queuing and scheduling module is used for acquiring system state parameters and transmitting the system state parameters to the control module; and allocating wireless resources to the coding blocks according to the received transmission parameters.
9. A method for controlling video rate, comprising:
receiving the information bit number after compressing corresponding to each kind of coding parameter; the compressed information bit number corresponding to each coding parameter is obtained by sequentially adopting different coding parameters to compress a video coding unit;
receiving a system state parameter;
estimating the current packet loss rate and the time delay of the system according to the information bit number and the system state parameter;
calculating an estimated video distortion value according to the estimated packet loss rate, and determining an optimal video coding value and transmission parameters through an optimization algorithm according to the estimated video distortion value and the estimated current time delay of the system;
compressing the video coding unit according to the optimal video coding value;
and allocating wireless resources to the coding blocks according to the transmission parameters.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the video coding unit is a video image frame or a video Slice.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the system state parameters comprise at least an LTE code block size and a modulation and coding scheme, MCS.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the system state parameters further comprise one or any combination of the following: time transmission interval TTI, resource block RB, scheduling block SB.
13. The method according to claim 9, wherein the estimating a current packet loss rate and a current time delay of the system comprises estimating the current packet loss rate and the current time delay of the system based on a queuing theory according to network congestion and random radio channel errors.
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| WO2013120432A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
| CN103248884B (en) | 2016-08-10 |
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