CN103221087A - 人工气道装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于协助患者肺部通气的人工气道装置(1),该装置(1)包括气道管体(2)、胃部排放管体(3)以及位于气道管体(2)一端的罩体(4),罩体(4)包括背板(5)并具有外围形成体(6),该外围形成体(6)能够绕喉部入口的周边形成密封,外围形成体(6)环绕罩体(4)的中空内部空间或内腔(7),气道管体(2)开口于罩体内腔内,其中罩体包括开口腔(8),该开口腔(8)用于使离开食管的胃部物质通向胃部排放管体(3)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种人工气道装置,特别是一种旨在防止胃回流的装置。
背景技术
在过去长达70年的时间内,一直使用一种包括具有置于远端附近位置的充气球囊的细长导管的气管内导管为昏迷患者建立气道。在操作中,气管内导管的远端经由患者的嘴部而插入患者的气管。一旦定位气管内导管,球囊充气,从而与气管内层形成密封。这种密封形成之后,可向导管的近端施加正压,以使空气开口于患者的肺部。此外,球囊和气管内层之间的密封防止肺部吸气(例如,密封可防止从胃部返流的物质被吸入患者的肺部)。
尽管这类气管内导管卓有成效,但它们仍面临几个主要缺陷。其中主要缺点是难以完全恰当地插入导管。将气管内导管插入患者是需要高度技巧的过程。即使对于业务熟练的专业人士,某些时候也难以甚至不能插入气管内导管。在很多情况下,难以插入气管内导管的缺陷导致不能尽快为患者建立气道,结果悲剧性地导致患者的死亡。此外,插入气管内导管通常需要推动患者的头部和颈部,还需要用力将患者的颌部尽量张大。这类必要操作导致插入气管内导管的方案对颈部遭受损伤的患者变得困难或不理想。
喉罩气道装置是一种用于为昏迷患者建立气道的已知装置,这种装置旨在克服上述与气管内导管有关的缺陷。
与气管内导管相比,喉罩气道装置相对容易插入患者并由此建立气道。此外,喉罩气道装置是一种较为易用的装置,其原因在于即使喉罩气道装置是以不适当的方式插入,一般仍能导致气道的建立。因此,喉罩气道装置通常被认为是一种“救生”装置。此外,仅需对患者的头部、颈部和颌部进行相对较小地推移即可插入喉罩气道装置。再者,喉罩气道装置无需接触敏感的气管内层即可为患者肺部提供通气,并且其所建立的气道的内径通常显著大于气管内导管的内径。此外,喉罩气道装置并不会对患者的咳嗽动作产生同气管内导管一样大的妨碍。由于这些主要优点,喉罩气道装置在近些年来得到日益普及。
第4509514号美国专利描述了一种喉罩气道装置,所描述装置包含的基本部分被全部或大部分喉罩气道装置所采用。该基本部分即一气道导体,其一端开口于中空罩体部分的内部,该中空罩体形状适合置于患者喉部后侧。构成罩体外围的套囊在使用中围绕喉部的开口形成密封。这能够有效地建立气道。
人们已设计出具有胃排空的特定配置的喉罩气道装置,例如第4995388号美国专利(图7至图10)、第5241956号美国专利以及第5355879号美国专利所示。这类装置通常均结合有小口径引流管,引流管的一端位于喉罩的远端,从而使喉罩处于恰当位置时,引流管靠在食管括约肌上侧的上端;管体具有足够的长度以延伸出患者嘴部,从而可使胃部排放物可从食管括约肌上侧主动或被动地排出。根据另一可选方案,引流管可延伸超出喉罩的远端,进入食管本身(第4995388号美国专利,图7和图11)。
这种装置通常用于抽出胃返流物,但并不总能完全有效地防止胃部内容物吸入患者肺部。特别是当反流物是由于患者呕吐所引起的胃部排出物,而不单是胃部物质的返流时,呕吐物的巨大压力可能会足以使喉罩脱落,即便配有引流管也是如此,因而可能会影响人工气道的完整性并且/或者造成呕吐物吸入患者肺部。
可以理解,如第4509514号美国专利所公开的不具备引流管特征的喉罩中也会存在喉罩在呕吐情况下脱落的潜在问题。
特别地,在喉罩并未考虑到胃引流乃至设有胃引流管的情况下,倘若不能有效将呕吐物排出食管(例如喉罩卡在喉部则可能发生这类情况),可能导致在食管内积聚具有致命危险程度的压力。
现有喉罩,例如根据第4995388号美国专利(图7至图10)、第5241956号美国专利以及第5355849号美国专利所设计的喉罩,具有通道来接收食管产生的回流液体,其中通道的直径大体恒定,约等于人体结构收缩区域(称为食管括约肌)的直径。这种装置一经压抵在括约肌区域便创造出使食管产生的液体在流经装置的管体时大致保持同一速度的条件。这种装置正确放置后模拟括约肌的人体结构,而非食管的人体结构,在液体回流过程中存在流量较低的情况,由此压力较高。然而,这种具有与食管开口所连通的引流管的装置的主要目的在于避免装置各侧泄漏而漏出任何食管产生的胃部流体,其原因在于这些液体会随之为患者带来巨大危险,这种泄漏会使喉部存在污染的风险,因此这样放置装置并不能满足人们的需要。
此外,现有的具有胃引流管的装置并不具有直径与食管括约肌的直径等大的导管,因此仅能使液体流入引流管的速度增加,如上所述,这会导致窄导管中的压力减小,从而造成高压区域流出的液体迫使装置远端从括约肌离开。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服与上述现有技术有关的问题。
根据本发明提出一种用于协助患者肺部通气的人工气道装置,该装置包括气道管体、胃部排放管体以及位于至少一气道管体一端的罩体,罩体包括背板并具有外围形成体,该外围形成体能够绕喉部入口的周边形成密封,外围形成体环绕罩体的中空内部空间或内腔,气道管体开口于罩体内腔内,其中罩体包括开口腔,该开口腔用于使离开食管的胃部物质通向胃部排放管体。可以理解,开口腔具有扩大的空间或管路,可能会在出现返流物或呕吐物时大幅降低罩体脱落的风险,能够保持气道的完整性,由此大幅减小胃部气胀的危险。
优选地,由背板的一部分界定开口腔,特别地,界定部分是背板的壁部。这样可提供一种利用现有的罩体结构来提供胃部导管的紧凑结构。壁部可包括外层和内层,开口腔形成于内层和外层之间,这两层可由可变形的弹性材料构成,该弹性材料在硬度上比气道管体的材料更软,有助于将其插入。
一特别优选的实施方案中,外层包括胃部排放管体的一部分,内层包括气道管体的一部分,其再次利用到现有结构。胃部排放管体的所述部分可以是其一体成型部分,而有助于制造,气道管体的所述部分可包括与罩体内腔流体连通的孔腔。
通常,在喉罩构造中,胃部排放装置设为管体,置于气道管体内,其原因主要在于人们认为保持尽可能大的孔腔来通入气体并同时提供紧凑结构而适合于人体结构内部至为重要。在本示例中,已意外发现气道管体可配置于胃部排放管体内且并未丧失作为气道的性能,其附加优点在于胃部排放导管的尺寸更大,甚至可具有一个以上的胃部排放导管。本发明一实施方案中,气道管体可配置成将胃部排放管体内空间分隔,建立两个胃部导管。
根据本发明的第二方面,提出一种用于协助患者肺部通气的人工气道装置,该装置包括气道管体、胃部排放管体以及位于至少一气道管体一端的罩体,罩体包括背板并具有外围形成体,该外围形成体能够绕喉部入口的周边形成密封,外围形成体环绕罩体的中空内部空间或内腔,气道管体开口于罩体内腔内,装置设置为允许在移离患者后对其内容物进行直观检查。这可以通过配备透明甚至半透明的背板外壁层来实现。这可使使用者易于发现堵塞的原因。
根据本发明的第三方面,提出一种用于协助患者肺部通气的人工气道装置,该装置包括气道管体、胃部排放管体以及位于气道管体一端的罩体,罩体包括背板及胃部引流导管并具有外围形成体,该外围形成体能够绕喉部入口的周边形成密封,外围形成体环绕罩体的中空内部空间或内腔,气道管体开口于罩体内腔内,胃部引流导管包括入口,入口的开口构置成在装置使用时基本垂直于患者食管括约肌的轴。这有助于实现与食管括约肌间形成更有效的密封。
因此,举例而言,上述布置的优点包括:比制造包括管体或背板中的管状构件等现有结构更为简单。此外,与包括背板管体的前述结构相比,背板的硬度降低,由此有助于降低插入的难度。以这种方式具有由背板提供的导管,还提供可膨胀的大体积导管,从而不太可能发生由于呕吐而使装置发生位移,特别是在导管的外层或两层均由可变形的柔软弹性材料构成的情况下。
装置可包括多个胃部排放管体,每一所述管体均与开口腔流体连通。在使用中,这可应用于对其中一管体进行抽吸。特别优选地,装置包括两个排放管体。在现有装置中仅采用单个胃部排放管体的情况下,已发现在进行抽吸时会发生人体脆弱结构(如食管括约肌)的损伤。在本设计中,具有多个胃部排放管体可确保向一个管体进行抽吸而移除开口腔中的胃部物质时,另一胃部管体可使空气被吸入到开口腔,而非吸入到患者身体内。
在装置包括两个胃部排放管体的情况下,优选地,管体与二者之间的气道管体呈并列式布置,排放管体和气道管体共同界定袋状体,该袋状体配置用于在装置使用中容置患者舌部。这可使装置更舒适地用于患者。气道管体(在需要时)包括比排放管体更刚性材料的情况下,气道管体由此为排放管体提供支撑,则不再需要牙垫,因此使制造过程再次简化并节约成本。
一可选实施方案中,装置可包括单个的与开口腔流体连通的胃部排放管体。优选地,排放管体包括柔软可收缩的柔性材料。用于支撑,排放管体可配置于气道管体的表面上或环绕气道管体。
优选地,外围形成体包括可充气套囊或非充气套囊。进一步优选地,在外围形成体包括可充气套囊的情况下,背板平置于套囊上并与其接合,从而套囊在放气时可塌落于其上,由此有助于将套囊装平。
现在将通过实施例并结合下列附图进一步说明本发明,附图中:
附图说明
图1是根据本发明所述装置的腹面视图;
图2是如图1所示装置的背面视图;
图3是如图1所示装置的侧面视图;
图4是根据本发明所述装置的一部分的横向剖面示意图;
图5是如图1所示装置的纵向剖面视图;
图6是如图1所示装置的分解视图;
图7是根据本发明所述装置一可选实施方案的背面视图;
图8是根据本发明所述装置的另一可选实施方案的背面等距立体透视图;
图9是如图8所示装置的纵向剖面视图;
图10是如图8所示装置的纵向剖面视图;
图10a至图10f是沿如图10中线1至线6的横向剖面视图;
图11是如图8所示装置的分解视图;
图12是如图8所示装置的一部分的前面等距立体透视图;
图13是如图12所示部分的平面视图;
图14是沿图13中线X-X的横向剖面视图;
图15是如图12所示部分的后面等距立体透视图;
图16是如图12所示部分的后面端视图;
图17是如图8所示装置的一部分的前面透视图;
图18是如图17所示部分的侧面视图;
图19是如图17所示部分的端视图;
图20是如图8所示装置的一部分的平面视图;
图21是沿图20中线Y-Y的横向剖面视图;
图22是沿图20中线Z-Z的纵向剖面视图;
图23是如图20所示部分的平面透视图;
图24是如图20所示部分的下平面透视图;
图25是如图20所示部分的前面端视图;
图26是如图8所示装置的一部分的下平面视图;
图27是沿图26中线A-A的纵向剖面视图;
图28是沿图26中线B-B的横向剖面视图;
图29是如图26所示部分的前面视图;
图30是如图26所示部分的前面透视图;
图31是如图26所示部分的平面透视图;
图32是如图26所示部分的下平面透视图;
图33是如图26所示部分的后面透视图;
具体实施方式
对下列作为示例的实施方案进行说明时,本文通常以相同的标号代表相似的结构。
参照附图,图中示出一种用于协助患者肺部通气的人工气道装置1,该装置1包括气道管体2、胃部排放管体3以及位于气道管体2一端的罩体4,罩体4包括背板5并具有外围形成体6,该外围形成体6能够绕喉部入口的周边形成密封,外围形成体6环绕罩体4的中空内部空间或内腔7,至少一气道管体2开口于罩体内腔内,其中罩体包括开口腔8,该开口腔8用于使离开食管的胃部物质通向胃部排放管体3。
方便起见,在本文中,如图1所示装置表面称为背侧面,如图2所示的装置表面(与图1所示表面相反的表面)称为腹侧面。按照标准操作,装置1在使用中会从患者延伸出的部分在本文中称为近端(在这种意义上而言近端最靠近使用者),另一端在本文中称为远端。
特别参照图1至图6,如图所示的装置1包括两个胃部排放管体3,这两个胃部排放管体3配置于气道管体2的两侧并与其连接。优选地,排放管体3是由足够柔软的可变形弹性材料构成并可以收缩,从而使插入装置更为容易并且使装置使用时人体内需要用于容纳装置的空间最小。举例而言,胃部排放管体3的材料优选为20至30邵氏硬度。气道管体2是由比排放管体3更硬的材料构成,从而其不能收缩并具有预成型的固定曲度(如图2所示)。举例而言,气道管体2可为80邵氏硬度。气道管体2接合于排放管体,从而其全长的一部分2a于背侧向其上方伸出。可以理解,在腹侧上形成腔体或袋状体2b。排放管体及气道管体可由任意已知的适当材料构成。
气道管体2在其远端连接于罩体4。气道管体2及罩体4可一体成型或独立成型。需注意的是,特别参照图5和图6,气道管体2在接近罩体4近端的位置2c终止。因此,罩体4不需由气道管体的过硬材料制成。罩体4包括背板5,背板5与排放管体4一体成型。本发明一显著特征在于背板的构造。本领域技术人员可以理解,术语“背板”在用于本技术领域时表示所组装的装置中罩体被套囊围绕的部分,在装置使用于患者时,这部分为喉部和咽部区域提供间隔。经由背板界定一开孔的部分与气道管体间的流体紧密接合,通过背板上这一开孔进行气体的供应。在一已知配置中,背板及气道管体一体成型,这是一种特别方便的配置。在现有技术中,背板通常为碗状或穹顶状结构,而非扁平结构,因此这一术语并未对其形状进行完整描述。
在所述的实施方案中,背板5包括内、外层5a和5b,内层5a和外层5b共同界定二者之间的空间(如图4所示)。如此界定的空间为开口腔8,排放管体3由开口腔8的近侧开始,入口8a在开口腔8的远侧进入(如图2所示)。因此,开口腔8可视为连接于具有连个胃部排放管体3的单一胃部入口8a的歧管。如图6所示的一种构造罩体4的方法,可以看出,胃部排放管体3及背板5是一体成型。可以理解,在图中,形成背板5及排放管体3的材料是透明材料,借此有助于理解装置1的构造。
如上所述,罩体4包括外围形成体6,在该实施方案中,外围形成体6采用了通常所知的可充气套囊的形式。套囊6包括其近侧端上的充气管线6a并在其远侧端上具有胃部入孔6b,胃部入孔6b通过孔腔与内孔6c连通(图2)。孔腔是由可收缩的管体界定。在套囊充气前,利用一方法使管体处于收缩状态,例如压钉或“接链锁”配置。参照图6中的分解图,可以看出,套囊6的背侧面接合于背板5,从而套囊6的背侧面的材料在内层5a和外层5b间形成桥梁,因此,除胃部入孔6b进入套囊的位置外,套囊6封住开口腔8的腹侧。因此,可以看出,胃部入口6b与开口腔8通过开孔6c流体连通。另一可选的构造方法中,套囊6可构造有穿过其开孔的腹板,腹板本身形成开口腔8的腹侧面。
现参照图7,图中表示装置1的另一可选实施方案。在该实施方案中,装置包括以柔软的柔性套体形式构成的单一的胃部排放管3,该胃部排放管3在其远端终止于开口腔8内,该构造的所有其他特征均与上述第一实施方案中的特征相同。
如同现有装置一样,在使用中,将装置1插入患者以建立气道。插入在胃部入孔6b与患者的食管括约肌交会的位置发生作用,由此在彼此间建立流体连通。正如前述的胃部通道喉罩,倘若发生呕吐或返流,来自食管的物质通入胃部入孔6b。而与前述装置的不同之处在于,物质通入背板的两层5a和5b间形成的开口腔8内,开口腔8的容积大于入孔6b的容积。可以理解,构造具有背板5的喉罩并且背板5上形成有用于胃部物质的开口腔或导管8是一种高效经济的方式,可用于现有的喉罩结构。由可膨胀材料构成胃部排放管体,从而在启用胃部排放管体执行其功能前,使其在人体中占据的空间最小,这种构造的优点在于,装置的插入更为容易,在装置置于适当位置时,特别是装置需要长时间放置时,对人体的脆弱部位所造成的创伤更小。在这些特征结合开口腔8由胃部排放管体的柔性材料构成的情况下,还可获得其他优点,其原因在于,罩体在足够柔软以避免插入所造成外伤的同时,仍能提供大容量开口腔8,该开口腔8可在呕吐的压力下膨胀。这种膨胀造成外层5b的背侧形变,形同穹顶状(图4),其作用如同在使用罩体时以弹簧顶住咽喉的后壁,迫使套囊6抵靠喉部,由此有助于装置维持其密封状态。
现参照图8至图33,图中表示根据本发明的装置1的又一可选实施方案。下面将对该实施方案不同于前述的实施方案的若干不同方面进行说明。然而,可以理解,该实施方案中所体现的构思可用于前述的实施方案,反之亦然。
特别参照图8和图9,图中示出一种用于协助患者肺部通气的人工气道装置1,该装置1包括气道管体2、胃部排放管体3以及位于气道管体2一端的罩体4,罩体4包括背板5并具有外围形成体6,该外围形成体6能够绕喉部入口的周边形成密封,外围形成体6环绕罩体4的中空内部空间或内腔7,至少一气道管体2开口于罩体内腔内,其中罩体包括开口腔8,该开口腔8用于使离开食管的胃部物质通向胃部排放管体3。
可以看出,装置1类似于其他喉罩气道装置。而从图11的分解图可以看出,装置1包括三个主要部分以及两个次要部分,其中主要部分包括胃部排放管、气道管体和背板的结合部100、背板内壁110及外围形成体120;次要部分包括入口环体130及连接体140。
现参照图26至图33,图中将对胃部排放管、气道管体和背板的结合部100进行说明。该结合部100是由预制曲状管体101组成。管体101的横截面并非圆形,而是具有扁平状截面,如已知专利所述,这可便于插入并配合穿过齿间间隙。管体101具有扁平的背侧面101a和腹侧面101b以及从近端101d向远端101e延伸的曲状侧壁101c。不到背侧面上的近端101d的位置配置有固定凸出体102,并且固定凸出体的端部安装有板体102a(图33)。板体102a包括三个开孔:气道开孔及其两侧的两个胃部开孔102b,气道导管107延伸穿过气道开孔。结合部100在其远端相对于其纵轴成一角度削切,从而提供与其一体成型的喇叭状背板外侧部分104,例如通过模制成型。作为可选方式,喇叭状背板部分104可以单独成型,特别是由透明或半透明材料构成。背板部分104包括圆周唇状体104a。最后,注意结合部100包括从远端向近端延伸的基本同轴配置的内管,该内管有效将内侧空间分隔成两个胃部导管106和气道导管107。这不同于现有构造,而可使气道导管107包含于胃部排放导管内。如图27所示的纵向剖面视图中可以看出,气道导管107在其远侧端终止于筒状连接延伸体109中。
现参照图20至图25,图中示出背板内壁110。背板内壁110包括浅盘形状的大致椭圆的本体,包括侧壁111和底部112。在椭圆盘体的远端或窄端,侧壁111具有形成于其中的筒状开孔111a,该筒状开孔111a大致沿底部112的中线向远侧延伸。筒状开孔111a相对于底部112的平面向上,从而筒状开孔的孔腔轴与底部112平面所成角度约为20度。盘体的底部112沿其中线升高,从而形成朝向近侧的宽端轴向延伸的凸状平面,其终止于筒状形成体,该筒状形成体可称作管体接头113。管体接头113包括孔腔113a,该孔腔113a在底部112的上下表面(如图所示)间提供连接通道。管体接头113与侧壁111结合并将其二分;相对于底部112向上约成45度角;终止于侧壁111外一定距离(如图24所示)。
现参照图12至图16,图中表示外围形成体120,在本实施方案中,采用可充气套囊的构造。不同于诸多其他喉罩气道装置,套囊120作为与装置的其他部分分开的一个部件一体成型,从而使其更易于制造并安装于装置1。套囊120包括大致椭圆的主体,该主体具有较窄远端120a、较宽近端120b以及椭圆中心通孔120c。如此,可以理解,套囊类似于环状。从图14中的剖视图可以看出,椭圆主体包括壁部123,其远端截面大致呈环状,其近端是借由一体成型于近端120b的背侧面上的延伸体121构成较深的不规则形状。该背侧面延伸体121界定安装面122的近侧部分(图11和图12所示)。安装面122环绕环体的整个背侧内圆周自近端向远端延伸。套囊在其远端120a具有筒状贯通孔腔121,该孔腔的轴沿椭圆体的中线延伸,并相对于主体的平面向上(如图14所示),换言之,自腹侧向背侧延伸,或在装置1使用状态下自人体的喉部侧向咽部延伸(图14中的L和P)。其结果是在套囊壁部123中形成环状截面的开孔。套囊的近端120b包括通入孔腔和套囊内部的端口124。
现参照图17至图19,图中示出入口环体130。入口环体130是筒状截面管体,其近端131被削切成相对于管体的孔腔132的轴“J”垂直。将远端133相对于孔腔132的轴“J”斜向削切,如图所示,切口自腹侧向背侧回向延伸。可以看出,斜向削切的远端132具有浅曲状,而非直线削切。筒体的壁部包括小通孔134,所述通孔134沿整个筒体长度延伸并开口于两端。
图11表示装置1的各部分如何组装在一起,此图最好结合图8和图9以作参看。由此,可以看出,结合部100及背板内壁110组合形成背板5,由此界定出形状为背板5内的腔或开口腔8的通道。在该实施方案中为可充气套囊的外围部分120,通过与安装面122接合而安装于背板5,从而背板5置于其中。连接体130通过套囊壁部中的筒状孔腔121并固定于其中,与筒状开孔111a连通。
如上所述,如图8至图33的实施方案在诸多重要方面不同于现有技术的装置。例如,在该装置中,气道管体107包含于胃部排放管体内,而现有技术装置与之相反。已发现,出乎意料地,在具有胃部管体的装置中,最重要之处在于胃部物质流体不会受到阻碍,从而在食管括约肌周围所形成的密封不受破坏。这种配置对人体内的可用空间进行最有效的利用,从而实现上述效果。类似地,使用开口腔8来接收胃部流体,而非如同现有装置所采用简单的截面相同的通道,形成罩体,同时构成与食管括约肌上侧配合的防漏的中空塞体,具有位于其上的低流速高容积的排泄通路。本发明该实施方案中的装置1可使使用者将此塞体置于并保持于适当位置,同时为出现的流体提供充足的排泄通道。更进一步,已发现,使用所述的向背侧成角的胃部进入端口还有助于确保围绕食管括约肌上侧的密封即使在重负荷下仍保持不变,上述效果在开口腔直接设置于其上游的情况下更为显著。因此,可以看出,上述实施方案以新颖并具有创造性的方式解决了现有技术中存在的问题。
上述实施方案的特征可重新结合成更多的实施方案,这些实施方案均落入本发明的范围之内。此外,本发明不仅限于上述示例性实施方案中的示例性材料和构造方式,其他任何适当的材料及构造方式均可被施用。例如,尽管套囊可利用一张柔软的柔性硅橡胶来形成,其他例如乳胶或PVC等材料也可替换使用。PVC材料特别适用于一次性使用的实施方案,而硅橡胶适用于在若干医疗程序中可重复使用的实施方案,但并非必须如此。
此外,本领域技术人员可以理解,本发明各特征可适用于多种不同的喉罩气道装置,本发明不限于上述各类型罩体的示例性实施方案。例如,本发明的各方面可适用于在罩体开孔上具有会厌提拉棒的喉罩气道装置,所述提拉棒可用于在将气管内导管或其他长形元件插入气道管体时将患者会厌拉离所述开孔,从而使其通过罩体开孔伸入罩体的空腔或内腔。本发明的各方面可适用于具有或不具有开孔棒的一次性或重复使用的装置,可允许气管内导管或类似装置通过罩体的气道管体引入喉部的“插管治疗”装置,以及包含光纤内窥设备的装置,而不构成对本发明范围的限制或限定。
Claims (23)
1.一种用于协助患者肺部通气的人工气道装置,其特征在于该装置包括一气道管体、一胃部排放管体以及一位于所述气道管体一端的罩体,所述罩体包括一背板并具有一外围形成体,该外围形成体能够绕喉部入口的周边形成密封,所述外围形成体环绕所述罩体的一中空内部空间或内腔,所述气道管体开口于罩体内腔内,其中所述罩体包括一开口腔,该开口腔用于使离开食管的胃部物质通向所述胃部排放管体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于其中由所述背板界定所述开口腔。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述界定部分是所述背板的壁部。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述壁部包括一外层及一内层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述开口腔形成于所述内层和外层之间。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述内层包括所述开口腔的一入口。
7.根据权利要求4至6中任一权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述两层是由可变形的弹性材料构成,该可变形的弹性材料在硬度上比所述气道管体的材料更软。
8.根据权利要求4至7中任一权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述外层包括所述胃部排放管体的一部分,所述内层包括所述气道管体的一部分。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述胃部排放管体的所述部分是其一体成型部分。
10.据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述气道管体的所述部分包括一孔腔,该孔腔与所述罩体内腔流体连通。
11.根据任一前述权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述气道管体配置于所述胃部排放管体内。
12.据权利要求11所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述气道管体将所述胃部排放管体内空间分隔,建立两个胃部导管。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述胃部排放管体或每一胃部排放管体均包括膨胀材料。
14.一种用于协助患者肺部通气的人工气道装置,其特征在于该装置包括一气道管体、一胃部排放管体以及一位于所述气道管体一端的罩体,所述罩体包括一背板并具有一外围形成体,该外围形成体能够绕喉部入口的周边形成密封,所述外围形成体环绕所述罩体的一中空内部空间或内腔,所述气道管体开口于所述罩体内腔内,所述装置设置为允许在移离患者后对其内容物进行直观检查。
15.根据权利要求14所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述背板由一内层及一外层构成,所述外层包括一透明材料。
16.一种用于协助患者肺部通气的人工气道装置,其特征在于该装置包括一气道管体、一胃部排放管体以及一位于所述气道管体一端的罩体,所述罩体包括一背板及一胃部引流导管并具有一外围形成体,该外围形成体能够绕喉部入口的周边形成密封,所述外围形成体环绕所述罩体的一中空内部空间或内腔,所述气道管体开口于所述罩体内腔内,所述胃部引流导管包括一入口,该入口的开口构置成在所述装置使用时基本垂直于患者食管括约肌的轴。
17.根据权利要求16所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述胃部引流导管包括一开口腔。
18.根据权利要求17所述的装置,其特征在于其中由所述背板界定所述开口腔。
19.根据权利要求18所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述界定部分是所述背板的壁部。
20.根据权利要求19所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述壁部包括一外层及一内层。
21.根据权利要求20所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述开口腔形成于所述内层和外层之间。
22.根据权利要求20所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述内层包括一所述开口腔的入口。
23.根据权利要求20所述的装置,其特征在于其中所述两层是由可变形的弹性材料构成,该可变形的弹性材料在硬度上比所述气道管体的材料更软。
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