CN103183631B - 靛红-5-磺酰胺类衍生物及其在制备治疗非典型性肺炎的药物中的应用 - Google Patents
靛红-5-磺酰胺类衍生物及其在制备治疗非典型性肺炎的药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及式I所示的靛红‑5‑磺酰胺类衍生物:其中,R1选自C1‑C6的烃基,芳香甲基,杂环芳甲基;R2为含氮杂环基。本发明还涉及式I化合物的合成方法以及其在制备治疗传染性非典型性肺炎的药物中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新颖的靛红-5-磺酰胺类衍生物,所述化合物的合成方法以及其在制备治疗传染性非典型性肺炎的药物中的应用。
背景技术
传染性非典型肺炎是一种传染性强的呼吸系统疾病,世界卫生组织将其称为严重急性呼吸综合征(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes),简称SARS。SARS主要通过近距离空气飞沫和密切接触等传播,临床主要表现为肺炎,在家庭和医院有显著的聚集现象。2003年,非典型肺炎席卷了全球32个国家,引起了人们极大的恐慌,而这场风暴的始作俑者便是SARS冠状病毒。
在很长一段时间内,对人类和动物都还没有经过临床证明治疗有特效的药物。2003年SARS暴发期间,临床上仅能使用经验性治疗、支持疗法和控制并发症的治疗方法。其中抗病毒药物、糖皮质激素、抗生素和免疫调节剂被大量应用。虽在某些阶段起到了重要作用,但这几种药物本身都有一定的缺陷,给SARS病人的各项体征研究及该病正常发病历程的观测带来了一定干扰。2003年,饶子和院士实验室成功解析出了SARS主蛋白酶在不同PH值与单一抑制剂(hexapeptidyl CMK)的共晶结构,该酶是以Cys-His为活性位点的广义丝氨酸蛋白酶,其通过水解复制酶多聚蛋白释放复制酶PP1a和PP1b,来调控病毒的复制和转录,这为研制专一有效的抗SARS病毒药物提供了更大的可能。
总体而言,目前还没有专门针对SARS的药物通过临床实验。尽管SARS在世界范围内已经得到了有效的控制,但人类无法保证SARS风暴不会卷土重来,为了减少生命和财产的损失,针对现有的研究成果研制高效的抗SARS药物意义重大。
在SARS爆发后,其治疗药物的研发在全世界范围内广泛展开。根据与SARS蛋白主蛋白酶具有相似结构的病毒蛋白酶抑制剂的研究以及计算机辅助的虚拟筛选等手段,已发现多种化学结构可对SARS产生抑制作用。其中靛红便是最引人注意的一种。2005年,Chen课题组[Chen,L.-R.;Wang,Y.-C.等;Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.2005,15,3058.]的研究给出最高活性的靛红化合物是1-(2-苯并噻吩亚甲基)-5-碘-2,3-二氧代二氢吲哚(化合物1),IC50为0.95μmol L-1;2007年,Liu课题组的前期研究[Lu Zhou,YingLiu等;J.Med.Chem.2006,49,3440—3443]的活性化合物是1-(6-萘亚甲基)-2,3-二氧代二氢吲哚-5-甲酰胺(化合物2),IC50为0.37μmol L-1;其课题组进一步研究后,得到新的SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶抑制剂:1-(2-苯并噻吩亚甲基)-2,3-二氧代二氢吲哚-5-甲酰胺(化合物3),其IC50为(0.76±0.02)μmol L-1。这些结果表明,靛红类的5-位是甲酰胺基优于卤素原子,且1-位萘基,苯并噻吩基等大疏水基团引起活性升高。同时也有力地证明了靛红类结构是抗SARS病毒药物研究的良好的母核结构。
然而,上述化合物依然存在各种各样的问题,以上两篇文献都没有记载本发明的化合物,并且也没有任何关于5位磺酰氨类化合物是否具有SARS 3CL抑制作用的提示。因此,有必要对靛红的衍生物做进一步的研究,完善其结构,以得到疗效更佳的药物。
发明内容
本发明以SARS冠状病毒主蛋白Nsp5与5-溴靛红的共晶结构为研究的起始依据,通过计算机辅助药物设计,合成了一系列文献未见报道的的靛红磺酰胺类化合物,并对其进行了抑制SARS蛋白Nsp5的筛选,数据表明该类化合物具有一定的抑制效果,可作为潜在的SARS冠状病毒主蛋白Nsp5抑制剂。
本发明化合物具有如下式I所示的结构:
其中,
R1可选C1-C6的烃基,芳香甲基,杂环芳甲基,例如:
n=0-6的整数。
R2是包括哌嗪基团,吗啉基,哌啶基等的含氮杂环基,例如:
式I化合物可通过以下反应式所示的方法合成得到:
下面将通过具体实例对本发明所述化合物进行详细阐释和验证。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以使本领域技术人员更全面地理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例一:1-(2-萘甲基)-5-[4-(2-吡啶基)哌嗪-1-磺酰基]靛红(d1)
具体步骤:
在氮气保护下,2.94g靛红冰浴,将13.0ml氯磺酸逐滴加入到冰浴的靛红中。将上述反应物加热至70℃,反应3小时。反应液冷却至室温,缓慢倒入100g冰中,将产生的黄色固体过滤并用冰水洗涤,随后将得到的固体用乙酸乙酯溶解,无水硫酸钠干燥,除去溶剂得到黄色油状液体a。不需纯化即可进行下步反应。
将第一步得到的产物a 601mg在6ml体积比为1:1的氯仿-四氢呋喃混合溶剂中溶解,在氮气保护下,降至0℃,再将溶有1.117g 1-(2-吡啶基)哌嗪,532μl N,N-二异丙基乙胺的1ml氯仿滴入上述混合物中,室温反应搅拌过夜,除去溶剂,得到棕色油状液体b,不需纯化即可进行下步反应。
将上步产物b溶于15ml体积比为1:1的醋酸-水混合物混合溶剂中,加热至96℃反应20小时。反应物冷却后,缓慢加入11g碳酸氢钠,产物c用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,提取物水洗,硫酸镁干燥,过柱纯化,(洗脱剂:二氯甲烷:甲醇=100:1)。
将1mmol上述产物c溶于无水5ml无水二甲基甲酰胺中,加入1.5mmol氢化钠,在0℃反应15min,再将1.5mmol2-溴甲基萘溶于1ml二甲基甲酰胺滴入反应混合液中,室温反应3小时,用乙酸乙酯和水萃取,收集有机相,除去溶剂,过柱纯化,(洗脱剂:乙酸乙酯:石油醚=2:1),得黄色固体d,即为实施例一化合物。
黄色固体,收率75%,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO,δin ppm):3.00(t,J=8.2Hz,4H),3.62(t,J=8.8Hz,4H),5.12(s,2H),6.70(t,J=8Hz,1H),6.91(d,J=8Hz,1H),
7.207(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.50(m,2H),7.62(m,2H),7.82(m,2H),7.91(m,3H),8.01(s,1H),8.04(d,J=6.4Hz,1H);ESI-MS m/z513.20([M+H+])
实施例二:5-[4-(2-吡啶基)哌嗪-1-磺酰基]靛红
采用与合成化合物1相同的方法,选择对应的原料合成以下化合物(c2):
黄色固体,收率80%,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δin ppm):2.98(t,J=9.6Hz,4H),3.60(t,J=8.8Hz,4H),6.63(m,1H),6.80(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.13(dJ=8Hz,1H),
7.5(m,1H),7.70(d,J=2Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=10Hz,1H),8.06(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),
11.56(s,1H);ESI-MS m/z 373.13([M+H+]),371.19([M-H+])
实施例三:5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-磺酰基)靛红(c3)
黄色固体,收率83%,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,δin ppm):2.15(s,3H),2.37(t,J=8.8Hz,4H),2.90(s,4H),7.12(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.91(b,J=10Hz,1H),11.47(s,1H);ESI-MSm/z310.15([M+H+]),308.20([M-H+])
实施例四:1-甲基-5-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-磺酰基)靛红(d4)
黄色固体,收率73%,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO,δin ppm):2.13(s,3H),2.74(t,J=8.8Hz,4H),2.93(s,4H),3.21(s,3H),7.38(d.J=8.4Hz,1H),7.74(s,1H),8.02(d,J=10Hz,1H);ESI-MSm/z324.20([M+H+])
实施例五:5-[4-(3-三氟甲基)苯基哌嗪-1-磺酰基]靛红(c5)
黄色固体,收率80%,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO,δin ppm):3.05(t,J=9.2Hz,4H),3.33(t,J=12.8Hz,4H),7.15(m,4H),7.41(t,J=1.6Hz,1H),7.73(d,J=2Hz,1H),7.963(t,J=8.4Hz,1H),11.48(s,1H);ESI-MSm/z440.19([M+H+]),438.22([M-H+])
药理活性测试方法如下:
1.SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的表达和纯化
根据文献(Yang H et al.Proc Natl Acad Sci.2003Nov;100(23):13190-5)进行SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的表达和纯化。具体方法如下:
1.1SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的表达载体的构建,具体步骤包括:
a.利用北京华大基因中心提供的编号为BJ01的SARS病毒毒株的cDNA文库,用PCR技术进行体外扩增;
正向引物:5′-CGGGATCCAGTGGTTTTAGGAAAATG-3′
反向引物:5′-CCGCTCGAGTCATTGGAAGGTAACACCAGA-3′
b.经PCR扩增的基因片段经BamHI和XhoI双酶酶切后,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳回收大小为1kb左右的片段;
c.将回收片段与T载体进行连接,然后用连接产物转化大肠肝菌Escherichia coli DH5α感受态细胞,并涂在LB平板(含100mg/L氨苄青霉素)上,培养过夜;
d.从平板上挑取多个单克隆,分别接种于装有约5mL的LB的试管(该LB溶液中加入氨苄青霉素,使其终浓度为100mg/L)中,培养过夜。然后用质粒提取试剂盒(博大泰克公司B型质粒小量快速提取试剂盒)提取质粒,并用BamHI和XhoI酶切,然后用琼脂糖凝胶回收大小约为1kb左右的目标基因片段;
e.将目标载体pGEX-4T-1(购自Pharmacia公司)用BamHI和XhoI酶切,然后用琼脂糖凝胶回收酶切的片段;
f.将d和e获得的片段连接(将酶切回收后的目标基因片断和目标载体片段按照摩尔数3:1~6:1的比率混合,按照Takara DNA Ligation的要求在16℃反应30分钟~18小时),转化大肠肝菌Escherichia coli DH5α感受态细胞,涂在LB平板(含100mg/L氨苄青霉素)上培养过夜。将筛选到的阳性克隆,用于鉴定和测序。测序结果表明,SARS冠状病毒的主蛋白酶的编码基因已被正确地克隆到pGEX-4T-1载体中。
1.2SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的表达与纯化,具体步骤包括:
a.将上述步骤1.1中得到的含有编码SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶基因的pGEX-4T-1载体转化Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)的菌株,并用LB平板(含100mg/L氨苄青霉素)筛选阳性克隆;
b.在a中所述的LB平板上挑取阳性克隆(在含有氨苄青霉素的LB平板上生长出来的单克隆),培养过夜,然后转入1L的LB培养基(含100mg/L氨苄青霉素),当OD600达到0.6-0.8时,加入1mM左右的IPTG,在16℃培养12小时左右;
c.5000~8000rpm离心10~15min收集细胞,然后冰浴超声破菌20~30min;破菌液13000rpm~15000rpm离心20~40min后收集上清液;
d.将上清液加入PBS预平衡的GST亲和层析柱(GE公司)中,用PBS淋洗20~30个柱床体积去除杂蛋白。最后加入2mL 0.1mg/mL左右的人类鼻病毒3C蛋白酶,在4℃酶切12~20小时,之后收集蛋白;
e.将上一步骤d中获得的蛋白再用Mono Q(GE公司)阴离子交换层析进行纯化,便可得到纯度较高的SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶。
2.SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶抑制剂的筛选方法
本发明所采用的筛选SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶抑制剂的方法是饶子和等在CN101418334A中公开的筛选方法,具体方法如下:
SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的活性测定是使用荧光底物MCA-AVLQSGFR-Lys(Dnp)-Lys-NH2(纯度大于95%,上海吉尔生化有限公司)来完成的。该荧光底物的氨基酸序列来源于SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶的N端自剪切序列。
用于荧光强度测定的仪器为Fluoraskan Ascent荧光仪(ThermoLabsystems,Helsinki,Finland),激发光和发射光的波长分别为320nm和405nm。
在缓冲溶液(50mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.3),1mM EDTA(含或不含DTT))中加入SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶(终浓度0.5μM),加入化合物的DMSO溶解物(使其终浓度为:500μg/mL,底物浓度为20μM,298K放置10分钟后,迅速加入荧光标记底物(MCA-AVLQSGFRL(DNP)L-NH2,终浓度20μM)。设定阴性对照:不加入化合物,其余条件相同。激发波长和发射波长分别为320nm和405nm,温度保持298K,每10秒钟记录一次荧光读数,共测定10个点。以时间为X轴,荧光值为Y轴作图得到酶活动力学曲线。通过图上前两个点的数值计算斜率便可得到反应的初速度V,将阴性对照的反应初速度定义为V0,加入化合物的反应初速度定义为Vi,从而计算出加入相应化合物后主蛋白酶的剩余活性(Vi/V0),相应化合物的抑制率则为(1-Vi/V0)。当主蛋白酶的剩余活性小于20%(或抑制率大于80%)时,将进一步测定该化合物的IC50值。
3.化合物对SARS冠状病毒主蛋白酶抑制活性的IC50值的测定
将化合物分别用95%的DMSO溶解成50mmol/L的溶液。取10μL的上述溶液用95%的DMSO进行2倍的梯度稀释,共稀释成12个左右的样品溶液。用上述测定方法测试不同化合浓度下主蛋白酶的剩余活性。将稀释的化合物浓度除以相应化合物的分子量并取以10为底的对数值作为X轴,对应的剩余活性值为Y轴,用GraphPad Prism 5(GraphPad software公司)作图并计算出相应的IC50值。
化合物1~5的IC50值分别为37uM、78uM、55uM、49uM及29uM。其中抑制率是在500μmol·L-1的浓度下测定的。
应当清楚的是,整个说明书中,描述本发明优选实施方式的目的不是将本发明限制于任何一个实施方式或特定的特征集合。因此,本领域技术人员应理解,根据本文公开的内容,可对所述的具体实施方式进行各种修改和改变而不背离本发明的范围。所有这些修改和改变均包括在所附权利要求书的范围内。
Claims (8)
1.化合物,如式I所示:
其中,
R1为甲基,氢或
R2选自组成的组。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其为:
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其为:
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其为:
5.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其为:
6.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其为:
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的化合物在制备治疗严重急性呼吸综合征的药物中的用途。
8.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的化合物在制备治疗抗SARS病毒的药物中的用途。
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