CN103169786A - 治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊 - Google Patents
治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明给出了一种治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊，它是由丹参、黄连、葛根、三七4味中药组成。其中各个成分的重量百分比是丹参∶黄连∶葛根∶三七粉＝50％-55％∶15％-20％∶15％-20％∶5％-10％。治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊具有多成分、多靶点、多途径的特点，对动脉粥样硬化斑块形成具有多靶点的整合调节效应。它通过抗血栓、抗炎、修复内皮细胞损伤、降脂、改善微循环、抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖等抑制新生内膜的形成，发挥抗动脉粥样硬化的作用，同时均具有对手术血管伤口促进组织修复的作用，可以预防CEA术后早期再狭窄过程的数个阶段，包括血栓形成、炎症反应、内皮修复、血管平滑肌增殖、基质形成等阶段。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗颈动脉粥样硬化以及防治缺铁血性脑中风的中药，是一种治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊。
背景技术
脑中风是危害人类生命与健康的常见病和多发病，具有发病率高、死亡率高、致残率高、复发率高的特点，位居人类死亡原因第三位和致残原因第一位。在我国每年新发患者约200万人，死亡超过150万人，存活者中约75％致残，5年内复发率高达41％，全国现有患者在600万-700万人。其中，出血性占29.3％，缺血性占62.4％，未知占8.3％，每年医疗费用支出在200亿元人民币以上。在美国每年新发患者约83万人，15％为出血性，85％为缺血性，约有17万人死亡，缺血性中20％为血栓形成，65％为粥样斑块形成所致，每年大约200万人需要医疗照顾，每年直接医疗费用在50亿美元以上。在缺血性脑中风中大约有20％-30％是由颈动脉狭窄所致。脑中风不仅给患者身心造成极大的痛苦，而且给社会和家庭带来巨大的精神和经济负担。
目前，对于颈动脉狭窄的治疗方法主要包括内科药物治疗、颈动脉内膜剥脱术(Carotid Endarterectomy，CEA)和颈动脉腔内支架植入(CarotidAngioplasty and Stenting，CAS)等，近年来的大规模多中心随机对照研究结果对脑血管病的二级预防影响深远。90年代，欧美国家通过NASCET、ACAS和ECST等大型临床研究确立了CEA作为颈动脉狭窄治疗的“金标准”地位。国内外学者经系统评价皆认为：对于颈动脉狭窄≥50％的患者药物治疗不能有效地降低中风发生率和死亡率，而CEA和CAS都是有效地治疗措施，但只有大约10％-15％的患者不适合接受CEA，10％-15％的患者不适宜做CAS，其余70％-80％的患者则两种方法都适合，要根据患者的综合情况进行评估和选择。
但CEA和CAS术后再狭窄问题乃很严重，尤其是在动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者CEA术后6-12个月最为突出。由于，再狭窄问题影响远期疗效，又是一系列复杂的相关事件的最终结果，病理机制还不十分清楚，目前使用的阿司匹林和他汀类降脂药物等试图改变或控制这一过程尚不满意。所以，研究CEA术后再狭窄是当前迫切需要解决的问题之一。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：提供一种治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊，活血解毒，消斑通脉，用于颈动脉粥样硬化所致的中风先兆症状，证属血瘀热毒者。
本发明的发明内容是：治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊是由丹参、黄连、葛根、三七4味中药组成，配方中各个成分的重量百分比是丹参∶黄连∶葛根∶三七粉＝50％-55％∶15％-20％∶15％-20％∶5％-10％；配方中各个成分最佳重量百分比是丹参∶黄连∶葛根∶三七粉＝55％∶20％∶15％∶10％。
一.本配方中的各味中药成分含量：
丹参：主要活性成分，脂溶性成分主要有丹参酮I、丹参酮II A、隐丹参酮、二氢丹参酮I等。水溶性成分主要有丹参素、丹酚酸A、B、C、D、E、F等。此外还含黄酮类、三萜类、甾醇类等其他成分。
黄连：主要成分为小檗碱(7％-9％)、黄连素、甲基黄连碱、掌叶防己碱、药根碱等生物碱，含酚类化合物有木兰碱、阿魏酸等。
葛根：其主要成分有多种异黄酮，如大豆甙、大豆甙元、葛根素等、葛根甙A、B、C，三萜类，主要以葛皂醇A、B、C命名的7种新型齐墩果烷型醇类化合物，生物碱等。
三七：其主要成份有三七总皂苷(8.19％-29.4％)、三七氨酸、三七黄酮(A、B)、挥发油、氨基酸、糖类等有效成份。
二.制备的生产工艺：
为了筛选最佳提取、精制条件，通过正交实验，对提取时间，加水量，提取次数进行3水平考察，精制时对浓缩液的密度、乙醇沉淀时的浓度进行2水平考察。
1.粉碎出粉率考察
称取治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊方全方900g，分成3份，每份300g，干燥，粉碎，过100目筛，称定出粉量，称定出粉率。
表1治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊方的出粉率
2.药材吸水率实验
按照处方比例，称取丹参、黄连、葛根、三七粉，加一定量得水，浸泡，直至药材全部透心，滤出未被吸收的水溶液，求得药材吸水率为17。
吸水率＝(药材湿重-药材干重)/药材干重×100％。
3.水提取工艺实验
选用加水量，煎煮时间，煎煮次数为主要因素。三因素三水平的实验，忽略交互作用，设计为L9(34)的正交实验。
表2煎煮工艺条件正交试验因素水平表
按配方比例称取丹参、黄连、葛根、三七粉，共9份，随机编成①～⑨号，按L9(34)正交表安排试验，提取液滤过，定容。
干浸膏制备：精密量取上述各提取液100mL，分别置于已恒重的蒸发皿中，水浴蒸干，残渣于105℃干燥3h，取出，置于干燥器中放置30min，称重计算，结果见表3。
表3水提取正交实验结果
从上表可以看出最优配合是A1B1C3，即最佳加水量是10倍水，最佳煎煮时间是120min，最佳煎煮次数是1次。
4含量测定
以方中君药丹参和黄连中的丹参酮IIA和小檗碱为考察指标，采用薄层扫描法进行含量测定。
4.1丹参酮IIA含量测定：
以十八烷基键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水(75∶25)为流动相；检测波长为270nm。理论板数按丹参酮IIA峰计算应不低于2000。对照品溶液的制备，取本品粉末(过三号筛)约0.3g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，在称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取滤液，即得。分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。本品含丹参酮IIA(C19H18O3)不得少于0.20％。
4.2小檗碱含量测定：
取本品粉末约0.1g，精密称定，置100ml量瓶中，加入盐酸-甲醇(1∶100)约95ml，60℃水浴中加入15分钟，取出，超声处理30分钟，室温放置过夜，加甲醇置刻度，摇匀，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶液。另取小檗碱对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.04mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法试验，吸取供试品溶液1μl、对照品溶液1μl与3μl，交叉点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以苯-乙酸乙酯-异丙醇-甲醇-水(6∶3∶1.5∶1.5∶0.3)为展开剂，另槽加入等体积的浓氨试液，预平衡15分钟左右，展开至8cm，取出，挥干，照薄层色谱法进行荧光扫描，激发波长为λ＝366nm，测量供试品与对照品荧光强度的积分值，计算，即得。本品含小檗碱以盐酸小檗碱(C20H18ClNO4)。
5.制剂成型工艺试验
5.1填充物料流动性考察
为保证装量差异的稳定性，要求颗粒具有良好的流动性。通过测定休止角来考察流动性。填充药物休止角为66.2°，填充颗粒休止角为33.1°。由实验知，填充颗粒小于40°流动性好，满足填充要求。
5.2辅料种类选择
辅料选择考虑能改善吸湿性，据已掌握的生产经验，可选择淀粉、滑石粉等。在治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊中，由于药材干浸膏的流动性较好，故在胶囊制备过程中不添加任何辅料。
5.3物料混合及制粒方法考察
因易吸湿、返潮，故采用摇摆式制粒、三维混合。三维混合机、摇摆式制粒机相关技术参数及制剂成剂工艺条件见表4。
表4制剂工艺条件表
5.4制剂成型工艺小试试验
考察胶囊的装量差异及崩解时限，进行2次试验，每次均以300粒胶囊处方量投料。结果见表5。
表5制剂成型工艺小试试验结果
结论：从以上两次实验结果分析，药粉平均装量、装量差异、崩解时限均合格，说明药粉适合直接填充胶囊，确定本制剂成型工艺合理。
综上所做的实验数据，最佳的制备生产工艺为：
治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊中各个成分的重量百分比是丹参∶黄连∶葛根∶三七粉＝50％-55％∶15％-20％∶15％-20％∶5％-10％；将配方中4味中药分别按照《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版第一部各味中药的炮制方法，进行净化、炮制等处理。低温干燥2小时以备用。其中丹参、黄连、葛根3味中药混匀后粉碎成细粉，过100目筛，备用。三七混匀焙干粉碎成中粉，过80目筛，与上述3味药按等量递增法混匀称量，备用。
将上述四味中药，加10倍水，煎煮时间是120分钟，煎煮次数是1次，取得滤液，置于已恒重的蒸发皿中，水浴蒸干，残渣于105℃干燥3小时，取出，置于干燥器中放置30分钟，制成干浸膏。
将上述干粉与干浸膏混合，采用摇式制粒机，制粒，半自动胶囊填充剂，充填装入胶囊中、包装、60C0机的照射灭菌，检验合格后即得。
本配方各味中药的功效以及中药理论：
丹参：味苦，性微寒，归心、肝经，具有祛瘀止痛、活血通经的功效。其中丹参酮IIA、丹参素、丹酚酸等具有抗血小板聚集的作用，且丹参可明显降低血浆三酰甘油及低密度脂蛋白，并可降低动脉粥样硬化斑块的面积及动脉壁的胆固醇含量。丹参还具有一定的扩张血管的做用，还可改善血流变性、微循环等。
黄连：味苦，性寒，归心、脾、胃、肝、胆、大肠经，具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒功效。其中小檗碱对ADP、花生四烯酸、胶原等诱导的血小板聚集有不同
程度的抑制作用，且小檗碱可减低血清胆固醇。
葛根：味甘、辛，性凉，归脾、胃经，具有抗血小板聚集、降脂的作用。其中葛根素能抑制二磷酸腺苷、5-羟色胺诱导的血小板聚集，葛根素还能明显减低血清中的总胆固醇。
三七：味甘、微苦，性温。归肝、胃经。具有散瘀止血，消肿定痛之功效。三七具有降血脂、防止动脉硬化的作用，其中的三七总皂苷能明显抑制低密度脂蛋白对血管平滑肌的作用，可防止动脉内膜斑块的形成及动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展。
治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊由丹参、黄连、葛根、三七4味中药，按照君、臣、佐、使的组方原则配伍而组成，其中丹参、黄连君药，葛根臣药，三七为佐药。丹参活血化瘀，黄连清热解毒，丹参是最常见的临床治疗动脉粥样硬化的中药之一，黄连具有多靶点的抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊方具有多成分、多靶点、多途径的特点，对动脉粥样硬化斑块形成具有多靶点的整合调节效应。丹参与黄连相关的药理学研究表明：主要体内效应成分有丹参酮IIA、丹酚酸B、丹参素、原儿茶醛、小檗碱、阿魏酸等，通过抗血栓、抗炎、修复内皮细胞损伤、降脂、改善微循环、抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖等抑制新生内膜的形成，发挥抗动脉粥样硬化的作用，同时均具有对手术血管伤口促进组织修复的作用，可以预防CEA术后早期再狭窄过程的数个阶段，包括血栓形成、炎症反应、内皮修复、血管平滑肌增殖、基质形成等阶段。
本发明的优点是：治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊具有多成分、多靶点、多途径的特点，对动脉粥样硬化斑块形成具有多靶点的整合调节效应。它通过抗血栓、抗炎、修复内皮细胞损伤、降脂、改善微循环、抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖等抑制新生内膜的形成，发挥抗动脉粥样硬化的作用，同时均具有对手术血管伤口促进组织修复的作用，可以预防CEA术后早期再狭窄过程的数个阶段，包括血栓形成、炎症反应、内皮修复、血管平滑肌增殖、基质形成等阶段。
具体实施方式
首先将治疗颈动脉粥样硬化化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊配方中的各个成分按重量百分比为丹参∶黄连∶葛根∶三七粉＝55％∶20％∶15％∶10％的比例取料。
将治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊配方中4味中药分别按照《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版第一部各味中药的炮制方法，进行净化、炮制等处理。低温干燥2小时以备用。其中丹参、黄连、葛根3味中药混匀后粉碎成细粉，过100目筛，备用。三七混匀焙干粉碎成中粉，过80目筛，与上述3味药按等量递增法混匀称量，备用。
将上述四味中药，加10倍水，煎煮时间是120分钟，煎煮次数是1次，取得滤液，置于已恒重的蒸发皿中，水浴蒸干，残渣于105℃干燥3小时，取出，置于干燥器中放置30分钟，制成干浸膏。
将上述干粉与干浸膏混合，采用摇式制粒机，制粒，半自动胶囊填充剂，充填装入胶囊中、包装、60C0机的照射灭菌，检验合格后即得。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊，其特征在于：它是由丹参、黄连、葛根、三七4味中药组成，配方中各个成分的重量百分比是丹参∶黄连∶葛根∶三七粉＝50％-55％∶15％-20％∶15％-20％∶5％-10％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗颈动脉粥样硬化防治缺血性脑中风的通脉胶囊，其特征在于：配方中各个成分的最佳重量百分比是丹参∶黄连∶葛根∶三七粉＝55％∶20％∶15％∶10％。
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