CN103156632B - Lumbar vertebra three-dimensional measurement method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a lumbar vertebra three-dimensional measurement method. The lumbar vertebra three-dimensional measurement method includes that computed tomography (CT) scanning is carried out on a centrum, three-dimensional mode rebuilding is carried out on a CT continuous cross-sectional image, three-dimensional space plane coordinates in a three-dimensional mode are confirmed according to a morphological structure of the centrum, and a measuring method of all parameters is confirmed according to coordinate planes. The measuring method includes measuring the spinal aperture sagittal diameter of lumbar vertebra, the centrum sagittal diameter, the interpedicular distance, the vertebral pedicle width and the vertebral pedicle height. Dissecting parameters of five cases of lumbar vertebra are measured by the method and an entity contact type precision measurement method. The lumbar vertebra three-dimensional measurement method of a lumbar vertebra three-dimensional digital analysis model established based on a CT two-dimensional cross-sectional image has high accuracy and reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for three-dimensional measurement of lumbar vertebra, be specifically related to, based on the method that CT scan technology and three-dimensional reconstruction are measured vertebra.
Background technology
Biomechanics experiment proves, only have screw accurately insert along the dissection major axis passage that pedicle of vertebral arch is unique and reach depth desired, the stability of guarantee nail-stick system and desirable clinical efficacy, this uniqueness causes the operation easier making operation to increase.For improving the accuracy inserted of pedicle screw, Chinese scholars to entering to follow closely position, angle, the degree of depth carried out a lot of correlational study.
To the research of pedicle of vertebral arch three-dimensional space shape and internal structure, Panjabi etc. are by finding that pedicle of vertebral arch all has very large variability in formalness, long axis direction, internal structure.Not agnate, Different Individual, different segment, the not homonymy of even same sections is other, all there is the difference with statistical significance.It is put one of large most important reason of nail fault rate that the result of study of other research worker also shows the larger variability of pedicle of vertebral arch its own shape existence.Therefore, pedicle of vertebral arch 3 D anatomical data are obtained before pedicle screw implantation surgery, i.e. canalis spinalis anteroposterior diameter, pedicle of vertebral arch transverse diameter, length, horizontal sextant angle, to the accuracy that raising pedicle screw is inserted, the incidence rate reducing pedicle screw internal fixation postoperative complication is significant.
Accurate measurement lumbar vertebra and pedicle isthmus relevant anatomy parameter are for very important [the ROY-CAMILLE R of raising spinal operation technology, SAILLANT G, MAZEL C.Internal fixation of the lumbar spine with pedicle screw plating.Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1986 (203): 7-17].Anatomically, pedicle of lumbar vertebral arch is class ellipse and the pedicle of vertebral arch of low level lumbar vertebra and sagittal plane have obvious angle of inclination [SUGISAKI K, AN H-s, ESPINOZA O A, et al.In vivo three-dimensional morphometric analysis of the lumbar pedicle isthmus.Spine, 2009,34 (24): 2599-2604].
But the method for entity anatomic measurement is various, and result is relatively accurate, its shortcoming is more loaded down with trivial details, and needs cadaver sample, and cost is higher, inconvenient clinical position [ISLAM C,
m B, SAKUL B.Clinical importance of the minimal cancellous diameter of lower thoracic and lumbar vertebral pedicles.Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.), 1996,9 (3): 151-154].There is larger amplification in x-ray measurement, measurement result is often greater than actual numerical value, increase diagnostic area [the ZINDRICK M R of spinal stenosis, WILTSE L L, DOORNIK A, et al.Analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the thoracic and lumbar pedicles.Spine, 1987,12 (2): 160-166].CT measuring operation is simple, image directly perceived, it is minimum to be convenient to measurement and diagnosis and CT amplification, so the numerical value [NOJIRIK that lumbar vertebral canal is relatively accurate can be drawn, MATSUMOTOM, CHIBAK, et al.Comparative assessment of pedicle morphology of the lumbar spine in various degenerative diseases.Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy:SRA, 2005,27 (4): 317-321].But, the measurement on CT faultage image in fact still belongs to two dimensional surface and measures, and often we need the length measured or angle not in same level in research process, and thus this kind of measuring method is subject to a lot of limitation and restriction.
In the spine model of three-dimensional reconstruction, according to solid geometry relative theory, a line can be defined by two space planes, a point is defined again by two intersecting lenses, or directly pick up the methods such as three-dimensional coordinate point with mouse and define anatomical features point, and the air line distance of measurement space point-to-point transmission and the projected length on another datum plane thereof, in addition, can also measurement space line line angulation and line face angulation etc. very easily, as can be seen here, three-dimensional rebuilding measuring has obvious advantage compared with other survey tools in precision.But because humanbody vertebra skeleton is a complexity and changeable special construction, Three-dimension Reconstruction Model is difficult to definite quantize according to some anatomical features point and formulate specifications of surveys equally, therefore, for the measurement of skeleton 3-D view that is complicated and that cannot measure with mathematical function at present, remain a focus in three-dimensional measurement and difficult point.
By the measurement to vertebra Three-dimension Reconstruction Model, scientific basis and reference data can be provided for the associated surgical medical research of spinal column and vertebra and surgical simulation, thus lay the foundation for the quantitative description of spinal column and vertebra.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, measure the 3 D anatomy structure of vertebral body more accurately, the invention discloses a kind of lumbar vertebra three-dimensional measurement method, described method is by utilizing CT three-dimensional reconstruction, the anatomical structure feature of lumbar vertebra is reduced under digital virtual environment, thus obtain the accurate parameter of canalis spinalis anteroposterior diameter, pedicle of vertebral arch transverse diameter, length, can also set up in three-dimensional reconstruction Visualization Model and simulate into nail passage by Applied Digital platform, thus handle enters to follow closely position, direction, the degree of depth and enters to follow closely passage and carries out three-dimensional localization, quantitative analysis on the whole simultaneously.
The present invention is according to practical measurement requirement, the calculating parameter that Model Reconstruction is relevant is rationally set in related software, and the three dimensional analysis model of anatomical structure parameter that the reliable measurement lumbar vertebra of science of setting up according to this and pedicle isthmus are correlated with, this model can reflect the anatomical features of lumbar vertebra skeleton really.
The invention discloses a kind of lumbar vertebra three-dimensional digitized measurement method, specifically comprise the following steps:
1) in vitro lumbar vertebra specimen is carried out Spiral CT scan, sweep parameter: thickness 2mm, layer distance 2mm, bulb voltage 120kV, electric current 225mAs, resolution 512*512pxl.
2) foundation of lumbar vertebra threedimensional model: by the initial data of the lumbar vertebra that CT scanner obtains, and import in three-dimensional reconstruction software Mimics10.01, extract and select the pixel of gray scale between the 226-1469 gray threshold of skeleton (in the CT image), on original transverse section, sagittal reconstruction face, coronary reconstructions face, select suitable region-of-interest according to anatomical structure respectively, separation and extraction is carried out to vertebral body.The image optimization such as noise elimination, filtering treatment technology is used to remove noise spot and artifact etc.
The relevant parameter setting that three-dimensional reconstruction calculates in three-dimensional reconstruction software Mimics10.01 and method choice very important, it often has direct relation with the degree of accuracy of model, credibility, and the present invention adopts following optimum configurations:
(1) interpolation method (Interpolation method): because the method based on voxel (Gray value) is closer to the home position of real pixel and model, therefore in order to improve certainty of measurement, select the method;
(2) fairing (Smoothing): iterations (Iterations) selects 15 times, the fairing factor (Smooth factor) is set to 0.5;
(3) matrix compression (Matrix reduction): XY flat resolution selects 2 times of pixel values, and Z axis resolution selects 1 times of layer distance;
(4) matrix compression option (Prefer): select Accuracy algorithm, can make model accuracy keep higher;
(5) tri patch reduction (Triangle reduction): Advanced edge pattern is selected in reduction pattern (Reducing mode), acceptable error (Tolerance) selects 1/8 size of pixel value, coterminal angles degree (Edge angle) selects 15 °, and iterations (Iterations) selects 15 times.
Carry out three-dimensional reconstruction calculating according to above-mentioned parameter, obtain the threedimensional model of vertebral body.The model calculated is carried out the double optimization process such as parcel again, final derivation form is the 3D model file of ASC II STL form, for further application engineering software Pro/E Wildfire4.0 carries out model optimization process, analysis, measures, determines that nail locus, road etc. provides original figure data.
3) optimization of lumbar vertebra threedimensional model: by the 2nd) the lumbar vertebra threedimensional model that obtains of step, with engineering software Pro/EWildfire4.0, process is optimized to model, comprise generation collector, finishing, relax, wherein 4X subdivision is selected in finishing, lax selection 15 iterationses, the lumbar vertebra threedimensional model be optimized.
4) determination of three dimensions plane: according to the morphosis of vertebral body, take vertebral body as benchmark, when its upper and lower endplate surface contour line is overlapped as far as possible, normal to screen direction is z-axis direction, and in this side up definition sagittal benchmark midline plane, crown benchmark midline plane, make another according to above-mentioned two planes again and be defined as horizontal plane with datum plane all vertical both it, be more than defined as the three dimensions orthogonal basis directrix plane (as Fig. 1) of vertebral model.And according to seeing (Top View) above the contextual definition of face, face, seeing (Back View), left side sight (Left View) three visual directions below, convenient analysis to measure after this.
5) model is carried out cutting along saggital midline datum plane, the leftmost point of this hatching and vertebral body frontal cortex outer rim is selected under LOOK LEFT, be defined as A point, after defining vertebral body again on this section accordingly, cortex outer rim is B point, and vertebral plate frontal cortex outer rim is C point (as Fig. 2).Model is carried out cutting along coronal midline datum plane, cortex outer rim inside the pedicle of vertebral arch of left and right can be found under back angle, be defined as D point respectively, E point.Wherein the line of A and B length of Projection Line Segment on transverse section is defined as vertebral body sagittal diameter (CSD), and the line Projection Line Segment length in the horizontal plane of B and C is defined as vertebral foramen sagittal diameter (SCSD) (as Fig. 3).The line of D point and E point is interpedicular distance (DMBP) (as Fig. 4) in horizontal plane Projection Line Segment length.
6) the 3rd is adopted) the lumbar vertebra threedimensional model of optimization set up of step, the tringle coal choosing pedicle isthmus region, lumbar vertebra both sides is region of interest, the tri patch that other are unnecessary removes, respectively left and right sides pedicle isthmus model is analyzed and measured, be described for side below, pedicle of vertebral arch front and rear edge contour line is adjusted to the direction overlapped as far as possible, and define the direction of now vertical screen for nail road axis direction, be parallel to screen and do a projection plane, by on model projection so far plane, and the contour line inside extraction, then on this projection plane, do this contour line maximum inscribed circle, determine the position of its center of circle and circumference, this inscribed circle is stretched along nail road axis direction, obtain a cylindrical structural, be theoretical pedicle screw trajectory.Hypopallium outer rim and inside and outside cortex outer rim in pedicle of vertebral arch is chosen along perpendicular to nail road axis direction, the Projection Line Segment length of line on saggital midline datum plane wherein gone up between the subpoint of lower edge cortex outer rim point on above-mentioned projection plane is defined as pedicle of vertebral arch height (PH), and the line Projection Line Segment length in the horizontal plane between interior lateral cortex outer rim point subpoint is on a projection plane defined as pedicle widths (PW).
7) to vertebral foramen sagittal diameter defined above, vertebral body sagittal diameter, interpedicular distance, pedicle widths, pedicle of vertebral arch height, it is measured respectively, namely obtains the important parameter value of lumbar vertebra three-dimensional.
The present invention is also measured the carrying out of the every anatomic parameter of 5 routine lumbar vertebra respectively by said method and material contact formula precision measurement, difference that between the described two kinds of measuring methods of result display, there are no significant, illustrates that the three-dimensional measurement method that the present invention is based on the lumbar vertebra three-dimensional digital analytical model that CT two-dimensional ct image is set up has very high accuracy and reliability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure is seen above Fig. 1 lumbar vertebra three dimensions orthogonal basis directrix plane;
Figure is seen on Fig. 2 lumbar vertebra three dimensions orthogonal basis directrix plane left side, and A point is vertebral body frontal cortex outer rim, and B point is cortex outer rim after vertebral body, and C point is vertebral plate frontal cortex outer rim;
Figure is seen on Fig. 3 vertebral body sagittal diameter (CSD) and vertebral foramen sagittal diameter (SCSD) left side;
Fig. 4 interpedicular distance (DMBP) sees figure below.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described, and following examples are the preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1 lumbar vertebra three-dimensional digitized measurement method and example
One, materials and methods:
1, material
1.1) specimen is selected
Dry bone specimen 1 example of the in vitro lumbar vertebra of the adult normal of 10% formalin process of learning from else's experience, anatomical isolation also removes its attached soft tissue structure, and specimen is dissected teaching and research room by Beijing Union Medical College and provided.
1.2) instrument and equipment
SIEMENS/Sensation64 layer CT machine.
2, method
2.1 measurement parameter indexs
Vertebral foramen sagittal diameter (spinal canal sagittal diameter, SCSD): the distance after vertebral body between cortex and vertebral plate frontal cortex outer rim;
Vertebral body sagittal diameter (centrum sagittal diameter, CSD): the distance before and after vertebral body between cortex outer rim;
Interpedicular distance (the distance between medical borders of pedicles, DMBP): the distance inside the pedicle of vertebral arch of both sides between cortex outer rim;
Pedicle widths (pedicle width, PW): beeline between cortex outer rim inside and outside pedicle of vertebral arch;
Pedicle of vertebral arch height (pedicle height, PH): beeline between hypopallium outer rim in pedicle of vertebral arch.
2.2 measuring methods:
1) in vitro lumbar vertebra specimen is carried out Spiral CT scan, sweep parameter: thickness 2mm, layer distance 2mm, bulb voltage 120kY, electric current 225mAs, resolution 512*512pxl.
2) foundation of lumbar vertebra threedimensional model: by the initial data of the lumbar vertebra that CT scanner obtains, and import in three-dimensional reconstruction software Mimics10.01, extract and select the pixel of gray scale between the 226-1469 gray threshold of skeleton (in the CT image), on original transverse section, sagittal reconstruction face, coronary reconstructions face, select suitable region-of-interest according to anatomical structure respectively, separation and extraction is carried out to vertebral body.The image optimization such as noise elimination, filtering treatment technology is used to remove noise spot and artifact etc.
In three-dimensional reconstruction calculates, relevant parameter setting and method choice very important, it often has direct relation with the degree of accuracy of model, credibility, and the present invention adopts following optimum configurations:
(1) interpolation method (Interpolation method): because the method based on voxel (Gray value) is closer to the home position of real pixel and model, therefore in order to improve certainty of measurement, select the method;
(2) fairing (Smoothing): iterations (Iterations) selects 15 times, the fairing factor (Smooth factor) is set to 0.5;
(3) matrix compression (Matrix reduction): XY flat resolution selects 2 times of pixel values, and Z axis resolution selects 1 times of layer distance;
(4) matrix compression option (Prefer): select Accuracy algorithm, can make model accuracy keep higher;
(5) tri patch reduction (Triangle reduction): Advanced edge pattern is selected in reduction pattern (Reducing mode), acceptable error (Tolerance) selects 1/8 size of pixel value, coterminal angles degree (Edge angle) selects 15 °, and iterations (Iterations) selects 15 times.
Carry out three-dimensional reconstruction calculating according to above-mentioned parameter, obtain the threedimensional model of vertebral body.The vertebral body threedimensional model calculated is carried out the double optimization process such as parcel again, final derivation form is the 3D model file of ASC II STL form, for further application engineering software Pro/E Wildfire4.0 carries out model optimization process, analysis, measures, determines that nail locus, road etc. provides original figure data.
3) optimization of lumbar vertebra threedimensional model: by the 2nd) the lumbar vertebra threedimensional model that obtains of step, with engineering software Pro/EWildfire4.0, process is optimized to model, comprise generation collector, finishing, relax, wherein 4X subdivision is selected in finishing, lax selection 15 iterationses, the lumbar vertebra threedimensional model be optimized.
4) determination of three dimensions plane: according to the morphosis of vertebral body, take vertebral body as benchmark, when its upper and lower endplate surface contour line is overlapped as far as possible, normal to screen direction is z-axis direction, and in this side up definition sagittal benchmark midline plane, crown benchmark midline plane, make another according to above-mentioned two planes again and be defined as horizontal plane with datum plane all vertical both it, be more than defined as the three dimensions orthogonal basis directrix plane (as Fig. 1) of vertebral model.And according to seeing (Top View) above the contextual definition of face, face, seeing (Back View), left side sight (Left View) three visual directions below, convenient analysis to measure after this.
5) model is carried out cutting along saggital midline datum plane, the leftmost point of this hatching and vertebral body frontal cortex outer rim is selected under LOOK LEFT, be defined as A point, after defining vertebral body again on this section accordingly, cortex outer rim is B point, and vertebral plate frontal cortex outer rim is C point (as Fig. 2).Model is carried out cutting along coronal midline datum plane, cortex outer rim inside the pedicle of vertebral arch of left and right can be found under back angle, be defined as D point respectively, E point.Then measure, wherein the line of A and B length of Projection Line Segment on transverse section is defined as vertebral body sagittal diameter (CSD), the line Projection Line Segment length in the horizontal plane of B and C is defined as vertebral foramen sagittal diameter (SCSD) (as Fig. 3), and the line of D point and E point is defined as interpedicular distance (DMBP) (as Fig. 4) in horizontal plane Projection Line Segment length.
6) the 3rd is adopted) the lumbar vertebra threedimensional model that obtains of step optimization, the tringle coal choosing pedicle isthmus region, lumbar vertebra both sides is region of interest, the tri patch that other are unnecessary removes, respectively left and right sides pedicle isthmus model is analyzed and measured, be described for side below, pedicle of vertebral arch front and rear edge contour line is adjusted to the direction overlapped as far as possible, and define the direction of now vertical screen for nail road axis direction, be parallel to screen and do a projection plane, by on model projection so far plane, and the contour line inside extraction, then on this projection plane, do this contour line maximum inscribed circle, determine the position of its center of circle and circumference, this inscribed circle is stretched along nail road axis direction, obtain a cylindrical structural, be theoretical pedicle screw trajectory.Hypopallium outer rim and inside and outside cortex outer rim in pedicle of vertebral arch is chosen along perpendicular to nail road axis direction, the Projection Line Segment length of line on saggital midline datum plane wherein gone up between the subpoint of lower edge cortex outer rim point on above-mentioned projection plane is defined as pedicle of vertebral arch height (PH), and the line Projection Line Segment length in the horizontal plane between interior lateral cortex outer rim point subpoint is on a projection plane defined as pedicle widths (PW).
7) to vertebral foramen sagittal diameter defined above, vertebral body sagittal diameter, interpedicular distance, pedicle widths, pedicle of vertebral arch height, it is measured respectively, namely obtains the important parameter value of lumbar vertebra three-dimensional.
Two, result
Lumbar vertebra three-dimensional digitalization model is set up based under CT two-dimensional ct image, can from different perspectives, different directions observes lumbar structures and feature, the form of the clear display pedicle of vertebral arch of energy and spatial relation, and three-dimensional measurement can be carried out to its anatomical data, measurement result is as shown in table 1:
Every anatomical data of table 1 lumbar vertebra specimen
Implement 2 lumbar vertebra three-dimensional digitalization model measured values and entity anatomic measurement value compares
One, materials and methods:
1 material
1.1) specimen is selected
Dry bone specimen 5 example of the in vitro lumbar vertebra of the adult normal of 10% formalin process of learning from else's experience, anatomical isolation also removes its attached soft tissue structure, and specimen is dissected teaching and research room by Beijing Union Medical College and provided.
1.2) instrument and equipment
(1) German WENZEL-LH65 three coordinate measuring machine, its measuring range is: 650*750*500mm, and its data acquisition modes belongs to contact type measurement, and digital resolution is 0.1 μm, unidirectional repeatable accuracy will reach 0.1 μm, and three-dimensional synthesis precision reaches 0.2-0.5 μm.
(2) SIEMENS/Sensation64 layer CT machine, sweep parameter: thickness 2mm, layer distance 2mm, bulb voltage 120kV, electric current 225mAs, resolution 512*512pxl.
2, method
2.1 measurement parameter indexs
Vertebral foramen sagittal diameter (spinal canal sagittal diameter, SCSD): the distance after vertebral body between cortex and vertebral plate frontal cortex outer rim;
Vertebral body sagittal diameter (centrum sagittal diameter, CSD): the distance before and after vertebral body between cortex outer rim;
Interpedicular distance (the distance between medical borders of pedicles, DMBP): the distance inside the pedicle of vertebral arch of both sides between cortex outer rim;
Pedicle widths (pedicle width, PW): beeline between cortex outer rim inside and outside pedicle of vertebral arch;
Pedicle of vertebral arch height (pedicle height, PH): beeline between hypopallium outer rim in pedicle of vertebral arch.
2.2 measuring methods:
2.2.1 material contact formula measuring method:
Germany WENZEL-LH65 three coordinate measuring machine is on three orthogonal directions, have guiding mechanism, survey elongate elements, digital display device, have one can the workbench of place work piece, gauge head can move on measured point trippingly with manual or maneuver mode, a kind of measurement device coordinate figure of measured point shown by reading device and digital display device.Obviously this be the most simply, the most original measuring machine.After having had this measuring machine, all show by reading plotter and digital display device at the coordinate figure measuring any point in volume.Then, according to the relation between the space coordinates of measurement point, calculate the required parameter index measured.
Concrete measuring method is as follows:
1) open machine, open source of the gas: press SERVICE ON button, make servomotor+display lamp of-15V voltage is shinny; Open computer; Enter measuring software system; Computer display measurement software interface, as shown in Figure 3.
2) in vitro dry lumbar vertebra is fixed on the workbench of measuring machine, wherein should be noted that:
A) position that vertebra specimen is put does not exceed the measuring range of machine;
B) to be easy to determine vertebra specimen coordinate system;
C) make surveying work simple to operate as far as possible, make surveying work complete in one-time positioning as far as possible;
D) avoid vertebra specimen in measuring process, have any jumping, otherwise measurement data will be no longer accurate.
3) gauge head is selected: diameter should be selected to be the gauge head of 1mm relative to the vertebral body of this experimentation, verification measuring staff length, verification gauge head.
4) return reference point: now will notice that the location of workpiece on workbench does not get to gauge head.
5) probe is demarcated: first standard ball installed and be fixed on workbench, then clicking F8 (AUTO), manually demarcate, click and demarcate icon, the position of manual confirmed standard ball, make a point cantact above gauge head and spheroid, ensuing staking-out work can be completed automatically by machine.
6) select and verify that whether the foundation of vertebra specimen coordinate system is correct, by the usually rough estimate of actual measurement unitary.
7) surveying and calculating: the spatial value X measuring inside and outside cortex outer rim before and after vertebral body, vertebral plate frontal cortex outer rim, bilateral pedicle of vertebral arch totally 11 anatomical features points such as hypopallium outer rim in cortex outer rim, bilateral pedicle of vertebral arch respectively, Y, Z, and record concrete numerical value, then calculate according to the coordinate figure between 2 o'clock the data target that relative distance is required measurement.
Adopt three coordinate measuring machine to carry out contact accurate measurement in vitro dry lumbar vertebra, its precision can reach micron level, and contact type measurement has following advantage compared with traditional measurement method:
1) because the development of contact probe has decades, its frame for movement and electronic system are quite ripe, therefore have higher accuracy and reliability.
2) contact type measurement is the probe directly tested solid object surface of contact, therefore little with the reflection characteristic of tested solid object surface, color and curvature relationship.
3) testee is fixed on three coordinate measuring machine, and coordinates the aobvious software of survey, can measure basic geometry and the size of object quickly and accurately.
2.2 three-dimensional digitalization model measuring methods are as implemented as described in 1.
Two, result
Use SPSS17.0 statistics software to measured data analysis, because the same indicator measurements of each specimen is not Normal Distribution, therefore the data of the every data adopting the rank tests (wilcoxon inspection) of pairwise correlation sample to measure material contact formula and the measurement of three-dimensional reconstruction method are tested, using α=0.05 as touchstone.
Aforementioned 7 lumbar vertebra three-dimensional digitalization model measured values are compared with specimen anatomic measurement value, as shown in table 2:
The comparison of table 2 three-dimensional digitalization model measurement method and contact type measurement method
Difference (P > 0.05) that result to show in whole 7 measurement data that between two kinds of measuring methods, there are no significant, the three-dimensional measurement method of the lumbar vertebra three-dimensional digital analytical model set up based on CT two-dimensional ct image there is very high accuracy and reliability.
Claims (4)
1. a lumbar vertebra three-dimensional measurement method, specifically comprises the following steps:
1) in vitro lumbar vertebra specimen is carried out Spiral CT scan;
2) foundation of lumbar vertebra threedimensional model: the initial data of lumbar vertebra that CT scanner is obtained, and import three-dimensional reconstruction software and carry out three-dimensional reconstruction calculating, obtain the threedimensional model of vertebral body;
3) optimization of lumbar vertebra threedimensional model: by the 2nd) lumbar vertebra threedimensional model that step obtains, be optimized process with engineering software Pro/EWildfire 4.0 pairs of models;
4) determination of three dimensions plane: according to the morphosis of vertebral body, take vertebral body as benchmark, when its upper and lower endplate surface contour line is overlapped as far as possible, normal to screen direction is z-axis direction, and in this side up definition sagittal benchmark midline plane, crown benchmark midline plane, make another according to above-mentioned two planes again and be defined as horizontal plane with datum plane all vertical both it, more than be defined as the three dimensions orthogonal basis directrix plane of vertebral model, and see three visual directions according to sight above the contextual definition of face, face, below sight, the left side, convenient analysis to measure after this;
5) model is carried out cutting along saggital midline datum plane, under the left side is seen, select the leftmost point of hatching and vertebral body frontal cortex outer rim, be defined as A point, after defining vertebral body again on this section accordingly, cortex outer rim is B point, and vertebral plate frontal cortex outer rim is C point; Model is carried out cutting along coronal midline datum plane, cortex outer rim inside the pedicle of vertebral arch of left and right can be found under seeing below, be defined as D point respectively, E point; Wherein the line of A and B length of Projection Line Segment on transverse section is defined as vertebral body sagittal diameter (CSD), and the line Projection Line Segment length in the horizontal plane of B and C is defined as vertebral foramen sagittal diameter (SCSD); The line of D point and E point is interpedicular distance (DMBP) in horizontal plane Projection Line Segment length;
6) the 3rd is adopted) the lumbar vertebra threedimensional model of optimization set up of step, the tringle coal choosing pedicle isthmus region, lumbar vertebra both sides is region of interest, the tri patch that other are unnecessary removes, respectively left and right sides pedicle isthmus model is analyzed and measured, be described for side below, pedicle of vertebral arch front and rear edge contour line is adjusted to the direction overlapped as far as possible, and define the direction of now vertical screen for nail road axis direction, be parallel to screen and do a projection plane, by on model projection so far plane, and the contour line inside extraction, then on this projection plane, do this contour line maximum inscribed circle, determine the position of its center of circle and circumference, this inscribed circle is stretched along nail road axis direction, obtain a cylindrical structural, be theoretical pedicle screw trajectory, hypopallium outer rim and inside and outside cortex outer rim in pedicle of vertebral arch is chosen along perpendicular to nail road axis direction, the Projection Line Segment length of line on saggital midline datum plane wherein gone up between the subpoint of lower edge cortex outer rim point on above-mentioned projection plane is defined as pedicle of vertebral arch height, line Projection Line Segment length in the horizontal plane between interior lateral cortex outer rim point subpoint is on a projection plane defined as pedicle widths,
7) to vertebral foramen sagittal diameter defined above, vertebral body sagittal diameter, interpedicular distance, pedicle widths, pedicle of vertebral arch height, it is measured respectively, namely obtains the important parameter value of lumbar vertebra three-dimensional.
2. Spiral CT scan lumbar vertebra three-dimensional measurement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the 1st) described in step, its sweep parameter is: thickness 2mm, layer apart from 2mm, bulb voltage 120kV, electric current 225mAs, resolution 512*512px1.
3. three-dimensional reconstruction software lumbar vertebra three-dimensional measurement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the 2nd) described in step is Mimics 10.01, when three-dimensional reconstruction, the setting of its relevant parameter and method choice as follows:
(1) interpolation method: be voxel;
(2) fairing: iterations selects 15 times, the fairing factor is set to 0.5;
(3) matrix compression: XY flat resolution selects 2 times of pixel values, Z axis resolution selects 1 times of layer distance;
(4) matrix compression option: select Accuracy algorithm, can make model accuracy keep higher;
(5) tri patch reduction: reduction model selection Advanced edge pattern, acceptable error selects 1/8 size of pixel value, and coterminal angles degree selects 15 °, and iterations selects 15 times.
4. optimization process lumbar vertebra three-dimensional measurement method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the 3rd) described in step comprises and generates collector, finishing, lax, and wherein 4X subdivision is selected in finishing, lax selection 15 iterationses.
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