CN103155783B - Method of cultivating early-maturing common head cabbage strong seedlings - Google Patents
Method of cultivating early-maturing common head cabbage strong seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN103155783B CN103155783B CN201310130798.7A CN201310130798A CN103155783B CN 103155783 B CN103155783 B CN 103155783B CN 201310130798 A CN201310130798 A CN 201310130798A CN 103155783 B CN103155783 B CN 103155783B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivating method of vegetable, in particular to a method of cultivating early-maturing common head cabbage strong seedlings, and belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation. In a seedling growing phase, a potted tray is utilized to be combined with a greenhouse, nutrition, temperature, water and light environment conditions which are needed by common head cabbage seedling growth are better provided, harmful influences on the seedling growing process caused by severe changes of environment conditions are avoided, and normal growth of the common head cabbage seedlings is guaranteed. By germinating seeds, cutting main root tips, managing and cultivating strong seedlings scientifically, the common head cabbage seedlings after seeding are short in main roots, multiple in fibrous roots, fast in survival after transplanting and field planting, good in growing trends and strong in disease resistance, and yield is improved by about 15%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of vegetables, the breeding method in especially a kind of head cabbage strong sprout, belongs to vegetable growing technical field.
Background technology
Head cabbage (Brassica oleacea L.var.cap itata L.) is a mutation of Cruciferae brassica plant, has another name called cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, lotus flower white etc., originates from Mediterranean, and 16th century started to import into China.That head cabbage has is cold-resistant, disease-resistant, strong adaptability, easily store the features such as resistance to fortune, output are high, quality better, become the vegetables of worldwide cultivation, in China various places, generally cultivate, it is one of the vegetables in the area spring such as China northeast, northwest, North China, summer, autumn, due to its wide adaptability and strong stress resistance, stable yields, again storage tolerance, therefore very fast in China's cultivation development, current every Annual planting area has reached 3,000,000 hm
2above, in vegetables year-round supply and the export trade, all occupy critical role.
At present, domestic head cabbage seed is many from external import, and seed price is expensive, and the uneven direct impact bringing of grow seedlings failure or end product quality is economic loss.Existing breeding method is that open country is grown seedlings and point disk seedling growing, and open country is grown seedlings extensive, difficult management, and soil-borne disease is difficult to control, and sowing quantity is many, and large seedling is obvious, is difficult to cultivate strong sprout, the effort of taking a lot of work; Isolation mutually between point disk seedling growing seedling, disease is few, is difficult for mutually infecting, the Nutrition Soil in dish hole, cave is loose, be beneficial to main root and grow downwards, fibrous root relatively a little less than, be unfavorable for the defects such as cultivation in strong sprout.Because the seedling of head cabbage is the system of taproot, fibrous root is less, is unfavorable for the absorption of root to nutriment and moisture, poor growth after transplant planting, and not water-fast waterlogging and root disease, output is lower.For enhancing productivity, to be badly in need of a kind of seedling raising and strengthening method and to guarantee that planting percent is high, full stand and healthy seedling, completes high yield and the high-quality of head cabbage.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the defect existing for prior art, proposes the precocious head cabbage of a kind of cultivation method in strong sprout, guarantees that planting percent is high, obtains the head cabbage of high-yield high-quality.
The present invention is technical solution problem by the following technical programs: a kind of precocious head cabbage method in strong sprout of cultivation, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, educate front preparation, build booth, spreading on earth's surface in canopy, covers the matrix that 0.5-1.5cm is thick on mulch film, in described matrix, put cave dish=, equipment of sprinkler irrigation is installed, plastic house fly net;
Step 2, seed treatment are soaked head cabbage seed the wet cloth of 55-65min rear surface lid at 38-40 ℃, put into 20 ℃ of illumination boxs, cultivate 24-28h, when the long white tip of a root of seed eruption 0.4-0.6mm, cut off the tip of a root;
Step 3, sowing are filled up Nutrition Soil compacting in the dish of described cave, the seed after processing of every bunch planting, and surperficial earthing, waters sufficient water;
Step 4, seedling management, control moisture after neat seedling, when seedling grows to 2 leaf 1 heart, every 2-3 days, with nutrient solution, sprays seedling once; In canopy, keep ventilating, keep soil humidity, and use insecticide disease and pest control;
Step 5, field planting, field planting land for growing field crops when seedling has 5-6 sheet leaf, earthing, to cotyledon place, waters normal root water;
Step 6, fertilising, apply fertilizer for after field planting 7-10 days for the first time, every 10-12 days, applies fertilizer for the second time, treats that seedling grows to 10-12 sheet leaf, plant height 14-16cm, the wide 17-19cm of strain, blade is plump, and dark green, stem is thick, and internode is short, well developed root system, fibrous root is many, robust plant, not damaged, obtains head cabbage strong sprout.
In the described step 1 of said method, select physical features dry, the earth's surface smooth, draining is good; Matrix is vegetables special nutritional matrix, and cave dish adopts PVC material, specification 54 * 28cm, every dish 72 caves.
In described step 2, cutting off the tip of a root is with the long tip of a root of blade fast shut-off 0.4-0.6mm on workbench.
In described step 3, described Nutrition Soil is grow seedlings of vegetable special nutrient soil, and the Nutrition Soil after compacting is apart from cave panel surface 0.8-1cm.
In described step 4, nutrient solution is 100 times of liquid of humus.Described matrix is moistening is that hand is pinched a little water outlet with the micro-yellow of stromal surface.Aspect attention control damage by disease and insect, variety resistance is strong, and the diseases such as downy mildew, black rot occur hardly; Run into the insects such as diamond-back moth, cabbage caterpillar and aphid, available chrysanthemum ester class, the control of bacillus thuringiensis,Bt (Bt) insecticides.
In described step 5, before field planting, carry out field site preparation and fertilization, Chicken dung 2500kg/667 ㎡ is executed in land for growing field crops, and the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg/667 ㎡ of N:P:K=15:15:15 ploughs and executes down in conjunction with rake, mix with soil, while playing furrow, make the flat furrow of shallow ridges, connect ditch and make the flat furrow of 1.3m, furrow ditch depth 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, during field planting, every furrow are planted 2 row, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 35cm, field planting approximately 3000 strain/667 ㎡.
In described step 6, execute for the first time urea 2kg/667 ㎡, impose for the second time urea 5kg/667 ㎡.
The present invention utilizes cave dish in conjunction with booth in the stage of growing seedlings, the required nutrition of head cabbage growth of seedling, temperature, moisture, photoenvironment condition can be provided preferably, the harmful effect of having avoided environmental condition acute variation to produce seedling raising process, guaranteed the normal growth of head cabbage seedling, again through presprouting of seeds, the cut-out main root tip of a root, strong sprout is cultivated in scientific management, make that head cabbage seedling main root is after planting short, fibrous root is many, after transplant planting, survive fast, growing way is prosperous, disease resistance is strong, and output improves approximately 15%.
Embodiment
Embodiment
1. the present embodiment carries out according to the following steps:
Step 1, educate front preparation, build booth, booth north and south seat to, select physical features dry, simple plastic greenhouse is built in place smooth, that draining is good, the long 40m of single canopy, wide 6m; June 20, in simple plastic greenhouse, do seedbed, make the wide 1.5m of furrow, furrow width 35 ㎝, ditch depth 30 ㎝, long 30m, levels land, and area 40 ㎡, then spreading, cover the matrix that 1cm is thick on mulch film, in matrix, put cave dish, equipment of sprinkler irrigation is installed, take shelter from rain, high temperature shades, plastic house fly net; Matrix select grow seedlings of vegetable dedicated substrate (the Denmark Pin Shi matrix of selling on market, matrix total amount of organic >=25, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total content >=2, total porosity is 50-70%, is rich in trace element, nutrient is comprehensive, is also rich in other active short root material.PH6.0-7.0, shock-absorbing capacity is good);
Step 2, seed treatment, morning July 2, summer cabbage seed heat Supreme Being is put into glassware after 40 ℃ of warm underwater soaking 60min, the thickness of planting subcovering is no more than 1cm, the surface cover cloth that wets, put into 20 ℃ of illumination boxs, and with filling up the point disk seedling growing of grow seedlings of vegetable special nutrient soil, cultivate 24-28h, while observing the white tip of a root of seed eruption 0.5mm length at 10 o'clock in morning July 3, manually cutting off immediately the tip of a root processes, on workbench, use the about 0.5mm of the blade fast shut-off tip of a root long, subsequently single grain fine sowing;
Step 3, sowing are filled up Nutrition Soil compacting in the dish of described cave, the seed after processing of every bunch planting, then cover with Nutrition Soil, surface strikes off, and puts into preprepared seedbed, waters sufficient water, spreads newspaper above, in order to moisturizing;
Step 4, seedling management, July 5, neat seedling, removed newspaper in time, and fine day is fully shown in light by rice shoot, covers sunshade net noon when temperature is higher than 30 ℃.After Qi Miao, control moisture, the rainy day is cover film on booth, keeps ventilating in canopy, keeps seedling stage matrix moistening, and with the micro-yellow of stromal surface, matrix hand is pinched a little water outlet, suitably ventilates and reduces humidity in canopy.When seedling grows to 2 leaf 1 heart, every 2-3 days, with nutrient solution, spray seedling once; , July 30, spray 1 disease and pest control of 600 times of liquid of 70% tpn wetting powder; Nutrient solution is selected 100 times of liquid of humus (trace element >=20g/L, humus >=100g/L, fulvic acid >=60g/L, is produced by Henan Lianhua Gourmet Powder Co., Ltd. for lotus flower board amino acid water soluble fertilizer, amino acid >=100g/L);
Before step 5, field planting, carried out field site preparation and fertilization on July 18, Chicken dung 2500kg/667 ㎡ is executed in land for growing field crops, the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg/667 ㎡ of N:P:K=15:15:15, ploughs and executes down in conjunction with rake, mixes with soil, while playing furrow, make the flat furrow of shallow ridges, connect ditch and make the flat furrow of 1.3m, furrow ditch depth 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, 5 leaves of seedling tool on August 3, earthing is to cotyledon place, and water pouring normal root water, every furrow are planted 2 row, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 35cm, field planting approximately 3000 strain/667 ㎡;
Step 6, fertilising, executed urea 2kg/667 ㎡ for the first time on August 12, imposed for the second time urea 5kg/667 ㎡ on August 24, seedling grows to 10-12 sheet leaf, plant height 15cm left and right, the wide 18cm of strain left and right, blade is plump, and dark green, stem is thick, internode is short, well developed root system, fibrous root is many, robust plant, not damaged, obtains head cabbage strong sprout.
The extermination of disease and insect pest
Heat Supreme Being wild cabbage disease resistance is strong, and the diseases such as downy mildew, black rot occur hardly; Growing period is prevented and treated the insects such as cabbage caterpillar, aphid 1-2 time with bacillus thuringiensis,Bt (Bt), 10% imidacloprid wettable powder.
2. contrast experiment
Control group adopts following method to cultivate: separately set up heat Supreme Being (CK) 4 ㎡, do not spread matrix, not vernalization, do not cut off main root tip, do not spray nutrient solution on seedbed, mulch film, other is identical with embodiment method.
3. experimental result
(1) heat Supreme Being and heat Supreme Being (CK) comparison in seedling stage:
Live seedling in the dish of cave, difference in size great disparity, large seedling has grown true leaf, and seedling is just just emerged, and cotyledon is not yet open and flat.And hole many (heat Supreme Being (CK) hole accounts for approximately 20%), and almost 100% full stand of seedling is coiled in heat Supreme Being cave; Wild cabbage heat Supreme Being is good compared with heat Supreme Being (CK) quality in seedling stage, dark green leaf color, and strong sprout, index reached was more than 99%, in Table 1
Table 1 wild cabbage heat Supreme Being and heat Supreme Being (CK) quality in seedling stage
(2) heat Supreme Being and the comparison of heat Supreme Being (CK) field growing:
Wild cabbage heat Supreme Being is fast compared with heat Supreme Being (CK) growth, and breeding time is short, in Table 2; Wild cabbage heat Supreme Being is strong compared with heat Supreme Being (CK) growth potential, and single ball quality is high, in Table 3; Wild cabbage heat Supreme Being reaches 7532.2kg compared with heat Supreme Being (CK) per mu yield, higher by 15.1% than heat Supreme Being (CK), in Table 4.
Table 2 wild cabbage heat Supreme Being and heat Supreme Being (CK) breeding time
Table 3 wild cabbage heat Supreme Being and heat Supreme Being (CK) biological character
Table 4 wild cabbage heat Supreme Being and heat Supreme Being (CK) output
| Project | Community average yield/kg | Roll over 667 ㎡ output/kg | Compared with CK ± % |
| Heat Supreme Being | 92.6 | 7532.2 | 15.1 |
| Heat Supreme Being (CK) | 80.5 | 6547.2 | _ |
From above-mentioned contrast experiment, method of the present invention is simple, has solved the interior seedling seedling age of the same cave of seed sowing dish inconsistent, the seedling problem causing not of uniform size, through vernalization, guaranteed in the dish of cave 100% planting percent, saved matrix, improved cave and coiled availability; Cut off main root simultaneously, promoted the growth of lateral root, transplanting seedling time is short, and growth is fast, and ultimate output is high, and quality better, especially at autumn in summer high temperature season, improves very large to ripen in advance, listing, and output ahead of time and economic benefit.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments, and all employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop in the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. cultivate a precocious head cabbage method in strong sprout, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, educate front preparation, build booth, spreading on earth's surface in canopy, covers the matrix that 0.5-1.5cm is thick on mulch film, puts cave dish in described matrix, equipment of sprinkler irrigation is installed, plastic house fly net;
Step 2, seed treatment are soaked head cabbage seed the wet cloth of 55-65min rear surface lid at 38-40 ℃, put into 20 ℃ of illumination boxs, cultivate 24-28h, when the long white tip of a root of seed eruption 0.4-0.6mm, cut off the tip of a root;
Step 3, sowing are filled up Nutrition Soil compacting in the dish of described cave, the seed after processing of every bunch planting, and surperficial earthing, waters sufficient water;
Step 4, seedling management, control moisture after neat seedling, when seedling grows to 2 leaf 1 heart, every 2-3 days, with nutrient solution, sprays seedling once; In canopy, keep ventilating, keep soil humidity, and use insecticide disease and pest control;
Step 5, field planting, field planting land for growing field crops when seedling has 5-6 sheet leaf, earthing, to cotyledon place, waters normal root water;
Step 6, fertilising, apply fertilizer for after field planting 7-10 days for the first time, every 10-12 days, applies fertilizer for the second time, treats that seedling grows to 10-12 sheet leaf, plant height 14-16cm, the wide 17-19cm of strain, blade is plump, and dark green, stem is thick, and internode is short, well developed root system, fibrous root is many, robust plant, not damaged, obtains head cabbage strong sprout.
2. cultivate according to claim 1 precocious head cabbage method in strong sprout, it is characterized in that: in described step 1, select physical features dry, the earth's surface smooth, draining is good; Matrix is vegetables special nutritional matrix, and cave dish adopts PVC material, specification 54 * 28cm, every dish 72 caves.
3. cultivate according to claim 1 precocious head cabbage method in strong sprout, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, cutting off the tip of a root is with the long tip of a root of blade fast shut-off 0.4-0.6mm on workbench.
4. cultivate according to claim 1 precocious head cabbage method in strong sprout, it is characterized in that: in described step 3, described Nutrition Soil is grow seedlings of vegetable special nutrient soil, the Nutrition Soil after compacting is apart from cave panel surface 0.8-1cm.
5. cultivate according to claim 1 the precocious head cabbage method in strong sprout, it is characterized in that: in described step 4, nutrient solution is 100 times of liquid of humus.
6. cultivate according to claim 5 the precocious head cabbage method in strong sprout, it is characterized in that: described soil humidity is that hand is pinched a little water outlet with the micro-yellow of stromal surface.
7. cultivate according to claim 1 the precocious head cabbage method in strong sprout, it is characterized in that: in described step 5, before field planting, carry out field site preparation and fertilization, Chicken dung 2500kg/667 ㎡ is executed in land for growing field crops, and the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 50kg/667 ㎡ of N:P:K=15:15:15 ploughs and executes down in conjunction with rake, mix with soil, while playing furrow, make the flat furrow of shallow ridges, connect ditch and make the flat furrow of 1.3m, furrow ditch depth 15cm, furrow furrow width 30cm, during field planting, every furrow are planted 2 row, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 35cm, field planting approximately 3000 strain/667 ㎡.
8. cultivate according to claim 1 the precocious head cabbage method in strong sprout, it is characterized in that: in described step 6, execute for the first time urea 2kg/667 ㎡, impose for the second time urea 5kg/667 ㎡.
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| CN114568298A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-06-03 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Breeding and cultivation method of high-quality disease-resistant common head cabbage |
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