CN103140905B - 电解质配制剂 - Google Patents
电解质配制剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103140905B CN103140905B CN201180047266.6A CN201180047266A CN103140905B CN 103140905 B CN103140905 B CN 103140905B CN 201180047266 A CN201180047266 A CN 201180047266A CN 103140905 B CN103140905 B CN 103140905B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- imidazoles
- ethyl
- methylimidazole
- electrolyte
- methyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- -1 Fluorine tricyanoborates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-imidazole Chemical class C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- DJIRWKPJAONNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N B(OC#N)(OC#N)OC#N.[F] Chemical compound B(OC#N)(OC#N)OC#N.[F] DJIRWKPJAONNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- IBZJNLWLRUHZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCN1CN(C)C=C1 IBZJNLWLRUHZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 KAIPKTYOBMEXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JFYZBXKLRPWSGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-propyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCN1CN(C)C=C1 JFYZBXKLRPWSGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical class C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YDRYLMNFLKANKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-1,2-dihydroimidazol-1-ium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CN1C[NH+](C)C=C1 YDRYLMNFLKANKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WGVGZVWOOMIJRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 WGVGZVWOOMIJRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CHOBIBKPGYJGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-di(nonyl)-2h-imidazole Chemical class CCCCCCCCCN1CN(CCCCCCCCC)C=C1 CHOBIBKPGYJGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SGZJDICMAIEXMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dibutyl-2h-imidazole Chemical class CCCCN1CN(CCCC)C=C1 SGZJDICMAIEXMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FIWWAVRCMVUJHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-didecyl-2h-imidazole Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCN1CN(CCCCCCCCCC)C=C1 FIWWAVRCMVUJHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GVJXURYIGDZIKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diheptyl-2H-imidazole Chemical class CCCCCCCN1CN(CCCCCCC)C=C1 GVJXURYIGDZIKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RRIAFTXMILCCGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioctyl-2h-imidazole Chemical class CCCCCCCCN1CN(CCCCCCCC)C=C1 RRIAFTXMILCCGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MAVQFWGWHANVTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dipentyl-2h-imidazole Chemical class CCCCCN1CN(CCCCC)C=C1 MAVQFWGWHANVTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MHNZOAWYQMOKBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dipropyl-2h-imidazole Chemical class CCCN1CN(CCC)C=C1 MHNZOAWYQMOKBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZGQGLGDOANOXRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-propyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCN1CN(CCC)C=C1 ZGQGLGDOANOXRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NUUDMTGMAZJCBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 NUUDMTGMAZJCBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JVMQAISCLVIABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-heptyl-2h-imidazole Chemical class CCCCCCCN1CN(CC)C=C1 JVMQAISCLVIABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- COELWDHEVBNFLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methyl-2H-imidazole hydroiodide Chemical compound I.CCN1CN(C)C=C1 COELWDHEVBNFLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KEWBLKMYSJWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-nonyl-2h-imidazole Chemical class CCCCCCCCCN1CN(CC)C=C1 KEWBLKMYSJWXOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CKELVJIABXFIMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-octyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN1CN(CC)C=C1 CKELVJIABXFIMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AKSDACRPILJMDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-propyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCN1CN(CC)C=C1 AKSDACRPILJMDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UXASSLBGWQQHRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptyl-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 UXASSLBGWQQHRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DBAYTBHFIAGLLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-nonyl-2h-imidazole Chemical class CCCCCCCCCN1CN(C)C=C1 DBAYTBHFIAGLLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XLJSMWDFUFADIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](CC)=C1 XLJSMWDFUFADIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyrrole Substances C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 93
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical group CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002009 alkene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- KVMPQUTWRWVTQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanatoboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC#N KVMPQUTWRWVTQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 0 CC(*)*1C(*)=*(*)C(*)=C1C Chemical compound CC(*)*1C(*)=*(*)C(*)=C1C 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane - octane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000069 2-butynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000474 3-butynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-ene Chemical group CC(C)C=C YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHJFWJXYEWHCGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nonyl-2-(4-nonylpyridin-2-yl)pyridine Chemical group CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(CCCCCCCCC)C=2)=C1 VHJFWJXYEWHCGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003074 TiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001047 cyclobutenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCC1)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJYYHGLJYGJLLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidinium thiocyanate Chemical compound SC#N.NC(N)=N ZJYYHGLJYGJLLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NDJKXXJCMXVBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NDJKXXJCMXVBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZPLJYTXQALAIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-methyl-2H-imidazol-1-yl)methanol Chemical compound CN1CN(CO)C=C1 VZPLJYTXQALAIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinon Chemical compound CN1CCN(C)C1=O CYSGHNMQYZDMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVXWWIPQSJWDAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-methyl-2h-imidazole Chemical compound COCCN1CN(C)C=C1 YVXWWIPQSJWDAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJAKRNRJVHIIDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfonyl-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)CC(C)C NJAKRNRJVHIIDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQCSUVJDBHJKNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-ethyl Chemical group C[CH]OC JQCSUVJDBHJKNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIEPCLKFQFHUPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-propyl-2h-imidazole;hydroiodide Chemical compound I.CCCN1CN(C)C=C1 WIEPCLKFQFHUPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000530 1-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXPLCAKVOYHAJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-carboxypyridin-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C(O)=O)=C1 FXPLCAKVOYHAJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LULNJFDMQSRXHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-(4-carboxypyridin-2-yl)pyridine-4-carboxylic acid 4-nonyl-2-(4-nonylpyridin-2-yl)pyridine ruthenium(2+) dithiocyanate Chemical compound [Ru+2].[S-]C#N.[S-]C#N.OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(C=2)C(O)=O)=C1.CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=C(CCCCCCCCC)C=2)=C1 LULNJFDMQSRXHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HITWHALOZBMLHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butyl-1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(CCCC)=NC2=C1 HITWHALOZBMLHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UMNZUEWMIREWRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-ylsulfonylbutane Chemical compound CCC(C)S(=O)(=O)C(C)C UMNZUEWMIREWRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- FRYSEKUUHUUJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pyridin-2-ylpyridine-4-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=NC(C=2N=CC=CC=2)=C1 FRYSEKUUHUUJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IASUPFNGHCHOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCCCC)N1CCCC1.CC1(C(=O)O)CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1 Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCC)N1CCCC1.CC1(C(=O)O)CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1 IASUPFNGHCHOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005767 propoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[#8]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- RBNWAMSGVWEHFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-p-Menthane-1,8-diol Chemical compound CC(C)(O)C1CCC(C)(O)CC1 RBNWAMSGVWEHFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VFJYIHQDILEQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethylsulfanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[S+](C)C VFJYIHQDILEQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripotassium borate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
- C07C211/63—Quaternary ammonium compounds having quaternised nitrogen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/035—Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2004—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte
- H01G9/2013—Light-sensitive devices characterised by the electrolyte, e.g. comprising an organic electrolyte the electrolyte comprising ionic liquids, e.g. alkyl imidazolium iodide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及包含至少一种咪唑氟三氰基硼酸盐或吡咯烷
Description
本发明涉及包含至少一种咪唑氟三氰基硼酸盐或吡咯烷氟三氰基硼酸盐的电解质配制剂,和它们在电化学和/或光电器件,例如光生伏打电池、发光器件、电致变色或光电致变色器件、电化学传感器和/或生物传感器中的用途,优选它们在染料或量子点敏化太阳能电池中的用途。
电解质配制剂形成电化学和/或光电器件的关键部件,且器件的性能极大地取决于这些电解质的各种组分的物理和化学性能。
术语电解质(electrolytes)在本文中以如下文所定义的电解质配制剂的意义使用且在本公开内容中等同于电解质配制剂使用。
仍妨碍许多电化学和/或光电器件,特别是染料或量子点敏化太阳能电池的技术应用的因素为有机溶剂基电解质的挥发性所导致的可靠性问题。非常难以保持电解质在例如DSC板中的严密密封,所述DSC板必须经得起每日昼夜循环的温差和伴随的电解质的热膨胀。缩写DSC意指染料敏化太阳能电池。该问题原则上可通过使用离子液体基电解质解决。对于综述“Ionic liq uid electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells(用于染料敏化太阳能电池的离子液体)”,参见:M.Gorlov和L.Kloo,Dalton Trans.,2008,第2655-2666页。
离子液体或液体盐通常为离子物类,其由有机阳离子和一般无机阴离子组成,通常具有373K以下的熔点。各种二元离子液体电解质目前已应用于染料敏化太阳能电池。WO 2007/093961和WO 2009/083901描述了含有显著量的具有四氰基硼酸根(TCB)阴离子的有机盐的DSC用离子液体基电解质中迄今最好的功率转换效率。
然而,仍需要尤其在低于室温和大大高于可发生液体冷冻和沉淀的温度(即在0-20℃范围内)下,具有改进DSC效率的、基于离子液体的新的改进电解质。
因此,本发明的目的是提供可在宽温度范围上,特别是另外在低温下用于具有提高的功率转换效率的电化学和/或光电器件,如光生伏打电池、发光器件、电致变色或光电致变色器件、电化学传感器和/或生物传感器,尤其是用于染料或量子点敏化太阳能电池,尤其优选染料敏化太阳能电池的电解质配制剂。低温定义为0-20℃的温度范围。
令人惊讶地发现,包含氟三氰基硼酸根阴离子的电解质配制剂满足这些需求。
认为包含氟三氰基硼酸根阴离子的配制剂降低了在如上文所定义的低温下氧化还原对物类(例如I-和I3 -)的能斯特耐扩散性和在对电极处的电荷转移阻力。
因此,本发明首先涉及包含至少一种式(I)化合物的电解质配制剂:
Kt+[BF(CN)3]- (I)
其中Kt+为选自如下的有机阳离子:
或
其中取代基R1’-R10’各自相互独立地表示:
H,条件是R1’和R4’不同时为H且不同时为全氟化的,
具有1-20个C原子的直链或支化烷基,其任选可被氟化或全氟化,
具有2-20个C原子和一个或多个双键的直链或支化烯基,其任选可被氟化或全氟化,
具有2-20个C原子和1个或多个三键的直链或支化炔基,其任选可被氟化或全氟化,或
具有2-8个C原子的直链或支化烷氧基烷基。
具有咪唑阳离子的式(I)化合物由WO 2004/072089中已知。然而,WO 2004/072089没有描述包含如上所述式(I)化合物的电解质配制剂,且它没有公开这些化合物作为电解质配制剂的组分用于给定电化学和/或光电器件,尤其是DSC的特定用途。
类似的有机盐另外描述于JP2004-175666中,其意指具有式[(CN)aX4-aB]-阴离子的盐,其中X为卤原子,且a为1-3的整数。三氟氰基硼酸根作为优选的阴离子公开于本文中。另外,该文件仅公开了含有1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟氰基硼酸盐、四乙铵三氟氰基硼酸盐或三甲基-丙基铵三氟氰基硼酸盐的电解质配制剂。没有提示如上所述式(I)化合物会显示出如下文所示的这种突出性能。
因此,本发明为现有技术知识的选择发明。
电解质配制剂可包括或包含所述必需或任选组分,基本由所述必需或任选组分组成或由所述必需或任选组分组成。
具有1-20个C原子的直链或支化烷基表示具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20个C原子的烷基,例如甲基、乙基、异丙基、正丙基、异丁基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、1-、2-或3-甲基丁基、1,1-、1,2-或2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基、乙基己基、正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基、正十二烷基、正十三烷基、正十四烷基、正十五烷基、正十六烷基、正十七烷基、正十八烷基、正十九烷基或二十烷基,其任选可被氟化或全氟化。术语“全氟化”意指给定烷基中所有H原子被F原子代替。术语“氟化”意指给定烷基的至少一个H原子被F原子代替。
具有2-20个C原子,其中还可存在多个双键的直链或支化烯基例如为烯丙基、2-或3-丁烯基、异丁烯基、仲丁烯基,还有4-戊烯基、异戊烯基、己烯基、庚烯基、辛烯基、-C9H17、-C10H19至-C20H39,优选烯丙基、2-或3-丁烯基、异丁烯基、仲丁烯基,还优选4-戊烯基、异戊烯基或己烯基,其可任选被氟化或全氟化。
具有2-20个C原子,其中还可存在多个三键的直链或支化炔基例如为乙炔基、1-或2-丙炔基、2-或3-丁炔基,还有4-戊炔基、3-戊炔基、己炔基、庚炔基、辛炔基、-C9H15、-C10H17至-C20H37,优选乙炔基、1-或2-丙炔基、2-或3-丁炔基,4-戊炔基、3-戊炔基或己炔基,其可任选被氟化或全氟化。
具有2-12个C原子的直链或支化烷氧基烷基例如为甲氧基甲基、1-甲氧基乙基、1-甲氧基丙基、1-甲氧基-2-甲基-乙基、2-甲氧基-丙基、2-甲氧基-2-甲基-丙基、1-甲氧基丁基、1-甲氧基-2,2-二甲基-乙基、1-甲氧基-戊基、1-甲氧基己基、1-甲氧基-庚基、乙氧基甲基、1-乙氧基乙基、1-乙氧基丙基、1-乙氧基-2-甲基-乙基、1-乙氧基丁基、1-乙氧基-2,2-二甲基-乙基、1-乙氧基戊基、1-乙氧基己基、1-乙氧基庚基、丙氧基甲基、1-丙氧基乙基、1-丙氧基丙基、1-丙氧基-2-甲基-乙基、1-丙氧基丁基、1-丙氧基-2,2-二甲基-乙基、1-丙氧基戊基、丁氧基甲基、1-丁氧基乙基、1-丁氧基丙基或1-丁氧基丁基。特别优选甲氧基甲基、1-甲氧基乙基、2-甲氧基-丙基、1-甲氧基丙基、2-甲氧基-2-甲基-丙基或1-甲氧基丁基。
取代基R1’和R4’各自相互独立地优选为可任选被氟化或全氟化的具有1-20个C原子的直链或支化烷基,或具有2-8个C原子的直链或支化烷氧基烷基,条件是R1’和R4’不同时被全氟化,特别优选甲基、乙基、异丙基、丙基、丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基或正己基。它们非常特别优选为甲基、乙基、正丁基或正己基。在吡咯烷或咪唑中,所述两个取代基R1’和R4’优选为不同的。
根据本发明,式(I)化合物的合适取代基R2’、R3’和R5’至R10’,除H外,优选为:C1-C20烷基,特别是C1-C6烷基。
取代基R2’、R3’、R5’至R10’每种情况下相互独立地特别是H、甲基、乙基、异丙基、丙基、丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。咪唑环的R5’特别优选为H、甲基、乙基、异丙基、丙基或n-丁基,特别优选H或甲基。咪唑环的R2’和R3’优选为H。吡咯烷环的取代基R2’、R3’、R5’至R10’优选为H。
优选的1,1-二烷基吡咯烷阳离子例如为1,1-二甲基吡咯烷1-甲基-1-乙基吡咯烷1-甲基-1-丙基吡咯烷1-甲基-1-丁基吡咯烷1-甲基-1-戊基吡咯烷1-甲基-1-己基吡咯烷1-甲基-1-庚基吡咯烷1-甲基-1-辛基吡咯烷1-甲基-1-壬基吡咯烷1-甲基-1-癸基吡咯烷1,1-二乙基吡咯烷1-乙基-1-丙基吡咯烷1-乙基-1-丁基吡咯烷1-乙基-1-戊基吡咯烷1-乙基-1-己基吡咯烷1-乙基-1-庚基吡咯烷1-乙基-1-辛基吡咯烷1-乙基-1-壬基吡咯烷1-乙基-1-癸基吡咯烷1,1-二丙基吡咯烷1-丙基-1-甲基吡咯烷1-丙基-1-丁基吡咯烷1-丙基-1-戊基吡咯烷1-丙基-1-己基吡咯烷1-丙基-1-庚基吡咯烷1-丙基-1-辛基吡咯烷1-丙基-1-壬基吡咯烷1-丙基-1-癸基吡咯烷1,1-二丁基吡咯烷1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷1-丁基-1-戊基吡咯烷1-丁基-1-己基吡咯烷1-丁基-1-庚基吡咯烷1-丁基-1-辛基吡咯烷1-丁基-1-壬基吡咯烷1-丁基-1-癸基吡咯烷1,1-二戊基吡咯烷1-戊基-1-己基吡咯烷1-戊基-1-庚基吡咯烷1-戊基-1-辛基吡咯烷1-戊基-1-壬基吡咯烷1-戊基-1-癸基吡咯烷1,1-二己基吡咯烷1-己基-1-庚基吡咯烷1-己基-1-辛基吡咯烷1-己基-1-壬基吡咯烷1-己基-1-癸基吡咯烷1,1-二己基吡咯烷1-己基-1-庚基吡咯烷1-己基-1-辛基吡咯烷1-己基-1-壬基吡咯烷1-己基-1-癸基吡咯烷1,1-二庚基吡咯烷1-庚基-1-辛基吡咯烷1-庚基-1-壬基吡咯烷1-庚基-1-癸基吡咯烷1,1-二辛基吡咯烷1-辛基-1-壬基吡咯烷1-辛基-1-癸基吡咯烷1,1-二壬基吡咯烷1-壬基-1-癸基吡咯烷或1,1-二癸基吡咯烷非常特别优选1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷或1-丙基-1-甲基吡咯烷
优选的1-烷基-1-烷氧基烷基吡咯烷阳离子例如为1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1-甲基吡咯烷1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1-乙基吡咯烷1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1-丙基吡咯烷1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1-丁基吡咯烷1-(2-乙氧基乙基)-1-甲基吡咯烷1-乙氧基甲基-1-甲基吡咯烷非常特别优选1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1-甲基吡咯烷
优选的1,3-二烷基咪唑阳离子例如为1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑1-甲基-3-丙基咪唑1-甲基-2,3-二甲基咪唑1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑1-丙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑、1-甲基-3-戊基咪唑1-乙基-3-丙基咪唑1-丁基-3-乙基咪唑1-乙基-3-戊基咪唑1-丁基-3-丙基咪唑1,3-二甲基咪唑1,3-二乙基咪唑1,3-二丙基咪唑1,3-二丁基咪唑1,3-二戊基咪唑1,3-二己基咪唑1,3-二庚基咪唑1,3-二辛基咪唑1,3-二壬基咪唑1,3-二癸基咪唑1-己基-3-甲基咪唑1-庚基-3-甲基咪唑1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑1-甲基-3-壬基咪唑1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑1-乙基-3-己基咪唑1-乙基-3-庚基咪唑1-乙基-3-辛基咪唑1-乙基-3-壬基咪唑或1-癸基-3-乙基咪唑特别优选的阳离子为1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑或1-甲基-3-丙基咪唑
优选的1-烷氧基烷基-3-烷基咪唑阳离子例如为1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3-甲基咪唑1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3-乙基咪唑1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3-丙基咪唑1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-3-丁基咪唑1-(2-乙氧基乙基)-3-甲基咪唑1-乙氧基甲基-3-甲基咪唑
优选的1-烯基-3-烷基咪唑阳离子例如为1-烯丙基-3-甲基-咪唑或1-烯丙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑
在化学上,电解质为含有使物质导电的自由离子的任何物质。最典型的电解质为离子溶液,但熔融电解质和固体电解质也是可能的。
因此,本发明电解质配制剂为导电介质,基本上是由于存在至少一种以溶解和/或熔融状态存在,即借助离子物类的运动支持导电性的物质。
术语电解质可用于术语电解质配制剂以及包含关于电解质配制剂所公开的所有成分。
特别优选,本发明电解质配制剂包含至少一种式(I)化合物,其具有如上文关于咪唑描述或优选描述的给定式。
本发明进一步涉及包含如上所述的至少一种式(I)化合物的电解质配制剂,其中式(I)化合物的Kt+为:
其中取代基R2’和R3’为H,R5’为H或具有1-4个C原子的直链或支化烷基,且R1’和R4’各自相互独立地为具有1-20个C原子的直链或支化烷基或具有3个C原子的直链或支化烯基。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式(I)化合物的电解质配制剂,其中式(I)化合物的Kt+为:
其中取代基R2’、R3’、R5’至R10’为H且R1’和R4’各自相互独立地为具有1-20个C原子的直链或支化烷基。
特别优选,本发明电解质配制剂包含至少一种式(I)化合物,其具有如上所述关于咪唑给出的结构式和取代基R1’酯R5’定义或二烷基咪唑或1-烷氧基烷基-3-烷基咪唑的特别优选含义。
电解质配制剂中氟三氰基硼酸根阴离子的典型摩尔浓度为0.1-5.5M,优选0.8-3.5M。电解质中这一摩尔浓度可用一种或多种式(I)化合物或用包含至少一种式(I)化合物和至少一种具有氟三氰基硼酸根阴离子的无机盐的混合物实现。
具有氟三氰基硼酸根阴离子的无机盐例如为氟三氰基硼酸锂、氟三氰基硼酸钠、氟三氰基硼酸钾、氟三氰基硼酸银、二(氟三氰基硼酸)镁、二(氟三氰基硼酸)钙或二(氟三氰基硼酸)锌。
优选地,摩尔浓度用至少一种如上文描述或优选描述的式(I)化合物实现。
就本发明而言,摩尔浓度指25℃下的浓度。
电解质配制剂的其它组分为一种或几种其它盐、溶剂、碘及其它,如下文所述。
如果电解质配制剂为二元体系,则它包含两种盐,一种其它盐和如上所述式(I)化合物。如果电解质配制剂为三元体系,则它包含两种其它盐和如上所述式(I)化合物。二元体系包含90-20重量%,优选80-55重量%,更优选70-60重量%其它盐和10-80重量%,优选20-45重量%或更优选30-40重量%如上所述式(I)化合物。该段中的百分数相对于本发明电解质配制剂中存在的盐的总量(=100重量%)表示。此处不考虑下文所述任选其它,一般任选组分(添加剂),如具有非共用电子对的含N化合物、碘、溶剂、聚合物和纳米颗粒的量。相同百分数适用于三元或四元体系,这意指其它盐的总量必须在给定范围内使用,例如两种其它离子液体以例如90-20重量%包含在本发明电解质配制剂中。
根据本发明的另一实施方案,电解质配制剂包含至少一种具有包含季氮的有机阳离子和阴离子的其它盐,所述阴离子选自卤离子如F-、Cl-、I-、聚卤离子、氟代烷烃磺酸根、氟代烷烃羧酸根、三(氟代烷基磺酰基)甲基化物、双(氟代烷基磺酰基)酰亚胺、硝酸根、六氟磷酸根、三-、双-和单-(氟代烷基)氟磷酸根、四氟硼酸根、二氰胺、三氰甲基化物、四氰基硼酸根、硫氰酸根、烷基磺酸根或烷基硫酸根,其中氟代烷烃具有1-20个C原子,优选全氟化的,具有1-20个C原子的氟代烷基,烷基具有1-20个C原子。氟代烷烃或氟代烷基优选为全氟化的。
优选地,其它盐选自包含阴离子例如碘离子、硫氰酸根或四氰基硼酸根的盐,特别优选的其它盐为碘化物。
至少一种其它盐或优选的其它盐的阳离子可选自包含季氮原子的有机化合物,优选环状有机阳离子如吡啶咪唑三唑吡咯烷或吗啉
然而,为限制电解质配制剂,尤其是用于DSC的电解质配制剂中的不同阳离子的量,有机阳离子可选自关于式(I)化合物的阳离子的定义。因此,根据本发明另一优选实施方案,电解质配制剂包含至少一种如上所述式(I)化合物和至少一种其中有机阳离子独立地选自如下的其它碘化物:
或
其中取代基R1’-R10’具有如上文描述或优选描述的含义。
特别优选的至少一种其它盐的实例为1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑碘化物、1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑碘化物、1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑碘化物、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑碘化物、1,3-二甲基-咪唑碘化物、1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑碘化物、N-丁基-N-甲基-吡咯烷碘化物或N,N-二甲基-吡咯烷碘化物。
在本发明另一实施方案中,可将硫氰酸胍加入本发明电解质配制剂中。
本发明电解质配制剂优选包含碘(I2)。优选,它包含0.0005-7mol/dm3,更优选0.01-5mol/dm3,最优选0.05-1mol/dm3的I2。
在优选实施方案中,本发明电解质配制剂进一步包含至少一种含有具有未共用电子对的氮原子的化合物。这类化合物的实例在EP 0 986 079A2,第2页第40-55行开始和第3页第14行至第7页第54行中找到,通过引用明确地将其并入本文中。具有非共用电子对的化合物的优选实例包括咪唑及其衍生物,特别是苯并咪唑及其衍生物。
本发明电解质配制剂包含少于50体积%有机溶剂。优选地,电解质配制剂包含少于40%,更优选少于30%,仍更优选少于20%,甚至少于10%。最优选,电解质配制剂包含少于5%有机溶剂。例如,它基本不含有机溶剂。百分数基于重量%表示。
如果以如上所述这种量存在的话,有机溶剂可选自文献中所公开的那些。优选,如果存在的话,溶剂具有高于160℃,更优选高于190℃的沸点,例如异丙二醇碳酸酯、碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丁酯、γ-丁内酯、γ-戊内酯、戊二腈、己二腈、N-甲基唑烷酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N′-二甲基咪唑烷酮、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,环脲,优选1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮或1,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢-2(1H)-嘧啶酮,甘醇二甲醚,优选四甘醇二甲醚,环丁砜,砜,其优选为不对称取代的,例如2-乙烷磺酰基-丙烷、1-乙烷磺酰基-2-甲基-丙烷或2-(丙烷-2-磺酰基)-丁烷、3-甲基环丁砜、二甲亚砜、三甲基磷酸酯或甲氧基取代的腈。其它有用的溶剂为乙腈、苄腈和/或戊腈。
如果溶剂存在于电解质配制剂中,则还可包含聚合物作为胶凝剂,其中聚合物为聚偏二氟乙烯、聚亚乙烯基-六氟丙烯、聚亚乙烯基-六氟丙烯-氯三氟乙烯共聚物、高氟化树脂(nafion)、聚氧化乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丁二烯、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚苯胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩。将这些聚合物加入电解质配制剂中的目的是使液体电解质成为准固体或固体电解质,因此改善溶剂存留,尤其是在老化期间。
本发明电解质配制剂可进一步包含金属氧化物纳米颗粒如SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、MgO或ZnO,其也能提高固态性和因此的溶剂存留性。
本发明电解质配制剂具有许多应用。例如它可用于光电和/或电化学器件如光生伏打电池、发光器件、电致变色或光电致变色器件、电化学传感器和/或生物传感器中。用于电化学电池组中也是可能的,例如用于锂离子电池组或双层电容器中。
因此,本发明进一步涉及如上文详细描述的电解质配制剂在电化学和/或光电器件中的用途,所述器件为光生伏打电池、发光器件、电致变色或光电致变色器件、电化学传感器和/或生物传感器。优选地,电解质配制剂可用于染料敏化太阳能电池中。
因此,本发明进一步涉及包含电解质配制剂的电化学和/或光电器件,所述器件为光生伏打电池、发光器件、电致变色或光电致变色器件、电化学传感器和/或生物传感器,所述电解质配制剂包含至少一种式(I)化合物:
Kt+[BF(CN)3]- (I)
其中Kt+为选自如下的有机阳离子:
或
其中取代基R1’至R10’各自相互独立地表示:
H,条件是R1’和R4’不同时为H且不同时为全氟化的,
具有1-20个C原子的直链或支化烷基,其任选可被氟化或全氟化,
具有2-20个C原子和1个或多个双键的直链或支化烯基,其任选可被氟化或全氟化,
具有2-20个C原子和1个或多个三键的直链或支化炔基,其任选可被氟化或全氟化,或
具有2-8个C原子的直链或支化烷氧基烷基。
根据优选实施方案,本发明器件为染料或量子点敏化太阳能电池,特别优选染料敏化太阳能电池。
量子点敏化太阳能电池例如公开于US 6,861,722中。在染料敏化太阳能电池中,使用染料吸收日光以转化成电能。染料的实例公开于EP 0 986079 A2、EP 1 180 774 A2或EP 1 507 307 A1中。
优选的染料为有机染料,例如MK-1、MK-2或MK-3(其结构描述于N.Koumura等人,J.Am.Chem.Soc.第128卷,no.44,2006,14256-14257的图1中),D102(CAS No.652145-28-3),D-149(CAS No.786643-20-7),D205(CAS No.936336-21-9),如T.Bessho等人在Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.第49卷,37,6646-6649,2010中所述的YD-2,Y123(CAS No.1312465-92-1),联吡啶-钌染料如N3(CAS No.141460-19-7),N719(CAS No.207347-46-4),Z907(CAS No.502693-09-6),C101(CAS No.1048964-93-7),C106(CAS No.1152310-69-4),K19(CAS No.847665-45-6)或三吡啶-钌染料如N749(CAS No.359415-47-7)。
特别优选的染料为Z907或Z907Na,二者均为两亲钌敏化剂。
在优选实施方案中,染料与次膦酸共吸附。次膦酸的优选实例为如M.Wang等人在Dalton Trans.,2009,10015-10020中公开的双(3,3-二甲基-丁基)-次膦酸(DINHOP)。
染料Z907Na意指NaRu(2,2’-联吡啶-4-羧酸-4’-羧酸酯/盐)(4,4’-二壬基-2,2’-联吡啶)(NCS)2。
例如,染料敏化太阳能电池包含光电极、对电极和在光电极与对电极之间的电解质配制剂或电荷传输材料,且其中敏化染料吸收于在面对对电极的一侧上的光电极表面上。
根据本发明器件的优选实施方案,它包含半导体、如上所述电解质配制剂和对电极。
根据本发明优选实施方案,半导体基于选自Si、TiO2、SnO2、Fe2O3、WO3、ZnO、Nb2O5、CdS、ZnS、PbS、Bi2S3、CdSe、GaP、InP、GaAs、CdTe、CuInS2和/或CuInSe2的材料。优选地,半导体包含中孔表面,因此提高了任选被染料覆盖的表面并与电解质接触。优选半导体存在于玻璃载体或塑料或金属箔上。优选载体为导电的。
本发明器件优选包含对电极。例如,涂有Pt的玻璃(分别FTO-或ITO-玻璃)上负载的氟掺杂氧化锡或锡掺杂氧化铟、优选具有导电同素异形体的碳、聚苯胺或聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)。除玻璃外,金属基底如不锈钢或钛钢可以是可能的基底。
本发明器件可如现有技术中相应的器件一样通过简单地将电解质用本发明电解质配制剂代替而生产。例如在染料敏化太阳能电池的情况下,器件装配公开于大量专利文献如WO 91/16719(实施例34和35),以及科学文献如Barbé,C.J.,Arendse,F.,Comte,P.,Jirousek,M.,Lenzmann,F.,Shklover,V.,M.J.Am.Ceram.Soc.1997,80,3157;和Wang,P.,Zakeeruddin,S.M.,Comte,P.,Charvet、R.,Humphry-Baker、R.,M.J.Phys.Chem.B 2003,107,14336中。
不同于需要多得多的功率密度的电化学器件如电容器,DSC不需要液体电解质的高导电率。例如,在DSC中,10℃下电解质的电极电阻通过半导体电极厚度除以电解质导电率评估,通常在10μm/10mScm-1=0.01Ωcm2。
优选,敏化半导体材料用作光阳极。优选对电极为阴极。
本发明提供一种制备光生伏打电池的方法,其包括步骤:使本发明电解质配制剂与半导体的表面接触,所述表面任选涂有敏化剂。优选地,半导体选自以上给出的材料,且敏化剂优选选自量子点和/或如上所述染料,特别优选选自染料。
优选地,可简单地将电解质配制剂倒在半导体上。优选将它应用于已包含对电极的在其它方面完成的器件上,这通过如下进行:通过对电极中的孔在电池的内腔中产生真空,并加入如Wang等人,J.Phys.Chem.B2003,107,14336中所公开的电解质配制剂。
现在通过以下实施例阐述本发明,而不限制它的范围。
实施例1:1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氰基硼酸盐(emim TCB)和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑氟三氰基硼酸盐)的合成、表征和粘度/导电率测量
乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氰基硼酸盐和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑氟三氰基硼酸盐根据WO 2004/072089,实施例9和12和E.Bernhardt等人,Z.Anorg.Allg.Chem.,2003,629,677-685合成。
表1给出了所用离子液体的具体参数:
*非根据本发明的
实施例2:配制剂和器件
合成以下电解质配制剂以说明本发明电解质配制剂相对于含有emimTCB的现有技术电解质配制剂的意想不到的优点。
电解质配制剂通过将1,3-二甲基咪唑碘化物(mmimI)、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑碘化物(emimI)和1-甲基-3-丙基咪唑碘化物(pmimI)、1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑碘化物(amim I)、1-羟甲基-3-甲基咪唑碘化物(mohmimI)、1,1-二甲基吡咯烷碘化物(mmplI)、三甲基锍碘化物(sm3 I)、碘、N-丁基苯并咪唑(NBB)和硫氰酸胍(guaSCN)中的一种或多种与所述相应的离子液体如emim TCB或emim氟三氰基硼酸盐以如下所列的摩尔比混合而制备。可能需要应用至多120℃的热以使电解质配制剂均匀。
电解质1以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36pmim I,72emim TCB
电解质2以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36emim I,72emim TCB
电解质3以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36amim I,72emim TCB
电解质4以如下摩尔比给出:
72emim I,72emim TCB
电解质5以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36mohmim I,72emim TCB
电解质6以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36mmpl I,72emim TCB
电解质7以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36sm3 I,72emim TCB
电解质8以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,8pmim I,12amim I,8hmim I,8mmpl I,72emim TCB
电解质9以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36pmim I,72emim氟三氰基硼酸盐
电解质10以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36emim I,72emim氟三氰基硼酸盐
电解质11以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36amim I,72emim氟三氰基硼酸盐
电解质12以如下摩尔比给出:
72emim I,72emim氟三氰基硼酸盐
电解质13以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmimI,36mohmmim I,72emim氟三氰基硼酸盐
电解质14以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36mmpl I,72emim氟三氰基硼酸盐
电解质15以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36sm3I,72emim氟三氰基硼酸盐
电解质16以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,8pmim I,12amim I,8hmim I,8mmpl I,72emim氟三氰基硼酸盐
以上所列化合物为市售的或根据已知文献方法合成。
染料敏化太阳能电池如US 5,728,487或WO 2007/093961所述制造。
如Wang P等人,J.Phys.Chem.B 2003,107,14336,特别是第14337页所述制备双层中孔TiO2电极,以得到由双层结构组成的光阳极。为制备透明纳米孔TiO2电极,通过使用手动印刷机将含有萜品醇溶剂和20nm直径的锐钛矿型纳米颗粒TiO2的丝网印刷糊沉积于5mm×5mm正方形透明导电基底上。将糊在120℃下干燥10分钟。然后将含有400nm直径的TiO2的丝网印刷糊沉积于纳米孔层上以制备不透明层。然后将双层膜在500℃下烧结1小时,产生透明下层(7μm厚)和不透明上层(4μm厚)。在烧结以后,在70℃下将电极浸入TiCl4(Merck)的40mM水溶液中30分钟,然后用纯水充分冲洗。将如此TiCl4处理过的电极恰在染料敏化以前在500℃下干燥30分钟。在19℃下将电极浸入乙腈(Merck HPLC品级)和叔丁醇(Merck)(v∶v=1∶1)的0.3mM Z907染料溶液中60小时。对电极用如以上参考文献所述的热解法制备。将一滴5mM的铂酸(Merck)溶液以8μl/cm2流延于导电基底上并干燥。染料敏化太阳能电池通过使用30μm厚Bynel(DuPont,美国)热熔膜通过加热密封而组装。内部空间用如上所述各电解质配制剂填充以制得相应的器件。
染料Z907为两亲钌敏化剂Ru(2,2′-联吡啶-4,4′-二羧酸)(4,4′-二壬基-2,2′-联吡啶)(NCS)2或[Ru(H2dcbpy)(dnbpy)(NCS)2]。
光电流-电压曲线的测量在具有温度控制的Air Mass1.5模拟太阳光(AM1.5)下进行。将4mm×4mm的光掩模放在根据实施例3制造的器件顶部以限定光投射面积。孔间隙为25-30μm。
能量转换效率在能量方面一般为能量转换机器的有用输出与光辐射的输入之比,其通过使用可调节的电阻载荷以使电功率输出最佳化而测定。
表2汇总了以上所列电解质配制剂的测量结果。
电解质 | JSC[mAcm-2] | VOC[V] | FF | [%] |
1* | 8.71 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 3.65 |
2* | 8.37 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 3.85 |
3* | 9.30 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 3.88 |
4* | 8.11 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 3.52 |
5* | 8.14 | 0.68 | 0.69 | 3.68 |
6* | 8.44 | 0.67 | 0.63 | 3.57 |
7* | 8.52 | 0.67 | 0.72 | 3.66 |
8* | 8.61 | 0.66 | 0.67 | 3.81 |
9 | 8.51 | 0.68 | 0.70 | 4.06 |
10 | 7.77 | 0.69 | 0.69 | 3.71 |
11 | 7.72 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 3.74 |
12 | 8.81 | 0.66 | 0.69 | 4.06 |
13 | 8.40 | 0.66 | 0.67 | 3.68 |
14 | 8.17 | 0.69 | 0.70 | 3.90 |
15 | 8.36 | 0.66 | 0.67 | 3.42 |
16 | 8.42 | 0.66 | 0.63 | 3.51 |
*非根据本发明的
表2证明如果使用相同阳离子,则包含氟三氰基硼酸盐作为阴离子的电解质比包含TCB作为阴离子的电解质表现地更好或相同。再次重复电解质2、3、7和8和10、11、15和16的测量以证实该论点。
实施例3:在如实施例2所述电化学器件中和如实施例2中所述但使用染料Z907(0.3mM)以及0.075mM DINHOP的电化学器件中重复上述一些电解质。
电解质2以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36emim I,72emim TCB
电解质3以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36amim I,72emim TCB
36mmimI,36mohmim I,72emim TCB
电解质7以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36sm3 I,72emim TCB
电解质8以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,8pmim I,12amim I,8hmim I,8mmpl I,72emim TCB
电解质10以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36emim I,72emim氟三氰基硼酸盐
电解质11以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36amim I,72emim氟三氰基硼酸盐
电解质15以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,36sm3 I,72emim氟三氰基硼酸盐
电解质16以如下摩尔比给出:
36mmim I,8pmim I,12amim I,8hmim I,8mmpl I,72emim氟三氰基硼酸盐
测量如实施例2所述进行。
表3:汇总了具有0.3mM Z907作为染料的以上所列根据实施例2的电解质配制剂的测量结果。
电解质 | JSC[mAcm-2] | VOC[V] | FF | [%] |
2* | 8.37 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 4.09 |
3* | 8.35 | 0.70 | 0.69 | 4.06 |
7* | 7.63 | 0.69 | 0.74 | 3.86 |
8* | 9.29 | 0.68 | 0.67 | 4.06 |
10 | 8.58 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 4.14 |
11 | 8.85 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 4.09 |
15 | 7.89 | 0.68 | 0.72 | 3.86 |
16 | 9.57 | 0.68 | 0.63 | 4.10 |
*非根据本发明的
表4:汇总了具有0.3mM Z907作为染料和0.075mM DINHOP的以上所列根据实施例2的电解质配制剂的测量结果。
电解质 | JSC[mAcm-2] | VOC[V] | FF | [%] |
2* | 8.15 | 0.72 | 0.68 | 4.16 |
3* | 8.21 | 0.73 | 0.70 | 4.18 |
7* | 7.05 | 0.68 | 0.74 | 3.89 |
8* | 8.29 | 0.70 | 0.60 | 4.13 |
10 | 8.27 | 0.72 | 0.69 | 4.14 |
11 | 8.97 | 0.75 | 0.74 | 4.21 |
15 | 8.90 | 0.69 | 0.73 | 3.91 |
16 | 8.80 | 0.71 | 0.67 | 4.13 |
*非根据本发明的
Claims (8)
1.电解质配制剂,其包含至少一种式(I)化合物:
Kt+[BF(CN)3]- (I)
其中Kt+为选自如下的有机阳离子:1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑1-甲基-3-丙基咪唑1-甲基-2,3-二甲基咪唑1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑1-丙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑1-甲基-3-戊基咪唑1-乙基-3-丙基咪唑1-丁基-3-乙基咪唑1-乙基-3-戊基咪唑1-丁基-3-丙基咪唑1,3-二甲基咪唑1,3-二乙基咪唑1,3-二丙基咪唑1,3-二丁基咪唑1,3-二戊基咪唑1,3-二己基咪唑1,3-二庚基咪唑1,3-二辛基咪唑1,3-二壬基咪唑1,3-二癸基咪唑1-己基-3-甲基咪唑1-庚基-3-甲基咪唑1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑1-甲基-3-壬基咪唑1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑1-乙基-3-己基咪唑1-乙基-3-庚基咪唑1-乙基-3-辛基咪唑1-乙基-3-壬基咪唑或1-癸基-3-乙基咪唑
碘(I2),以及
1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑碘化物、1,3-二甲基-咪唑碘化物与1-甲基-3-丙基咪唑碘化物的混合物、或1,3-二甲基-咪唑碘化物与1,1-二甲基吡咯烷碘化物的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1的电解质配制剂,其中式(I)化合物的Kt+为选自1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑1-甲基-3-丙基咪唑1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑的有机阳离子。
3.根据权利要求1或2的电解质配制剂,其包含0.1-5.5M的摩尔浓度的氟三氰基硼酸根阴离子。
4.根据权利要求1的电解质配制剂,其包含少于40%有机溶剂。
5.包含根据权利要求1-4中任一项的电解质配制剂的电化学和/或光电器件,其为光生伏打电池。
6.根据权利要求5的器件,其为染料或量子点敏化太阳能电池。
7.根据权利要求5的器件,其为染料敏化太阳能电池。
8.根据权利要求7的器件,其包含半导体、根据权利要求1-4中任一项的电解质配制剂和对电极。
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