CN103139834B - A kind of wireless sensor network multi-velocity self-adapting back-off method - Google Patents
A kind of wireless sensor network multi-velocity self-adapting back-off method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wireless sensor network multi-velocity self-adapting back-off method, specifically comprise: node starts and arranges radio-frequency module and is operated in maximum transmission power; Node sends broadcast data packet with different rates and receives the response data packet of adjacent node; Node measurement and under being recorded in different rates condition with the direct communication time of other node, and these temporal informations are sent to adjacent node; The response data packet that node statistics receives, determines the number of degrees (adjacent node number); Node receives the packet comprising the direct communication time between node that adjacent node sends, and determines to connect collection (the connection collection of a node, the set be made up of than the neighbor node that indirect communication takies less time with its direct communication those exactly); Node determines optimum back-off factor according to the number of degrees with the relation being connected collection
; Node determines the adaptation coefficient reflecting network congestion situation
; Data on nodes listen channel send situation, according to
contention window size is adjusted in real time, makes the competition window of node rationally reflect the contention situation of channel.This invention is applicable to the wireless sensor network field that physical layer provides multi tate ability, solves the problem that data collision increases, contention window value is larger all the time because multi-rate transmission causes, can significantly improve network throughput and reduce propagation delay time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless sensor networks with multi-rate capability provided by a physical layer, solves the problems of increased data collision and larger contention window value all the time caused by multi-rate transmission, and can obviously improve the network throughput and reduce the transmission delay. In particular to a multi-rate adaptive back-off method of a wireless sensor network.
Background
In the wireless sensor network, the shared channel is a very limited resource, so an effective mac (medium Access control) protocol has an important meaning for the wireless sensor network. Due to the particularity of the wireless sensor network, the centralized channel access technology used in the cellular mobile communication system and the conventional channel access technology based on the shared broadcast channel cannot be directly transplanted into the wireless sensor network. The IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol dfwmac (distributed Foundation Wireless Medium Access control) is currently the most widely used channel Access protocol.
Many wireless protocols, including the IEEE 802.11 standard, employ a binary Exponential back-off beb (binary explicit backoff) method. The back-off time is doubled each time a collision occurs; each time the interaction is successful, the back-off time is reduced to a minimum value. The node that last transmitted successfully has the smallest back-off time and is thus in the position of the next contention. Therefore, the BEB method always gives the node that has succeeded in the last transmission the maximum contention priority, and it is difficult to correctly reflect the contention condition of the channel.
With the rapid development of hardware technology, the node generally supports the capability of providing multi-rate by a physical layer; in order to take advantage of the multi-rate capability of the physical layer, many MAC and routing mechanisms have emerged that support multi-rate. The basic idea is that for any two nodes A, B capable of direct communication, when there is an intermediate node C such that direct communication from a to B takes more time than indirect communication forwarded through the intermediate node C, i.e. when there is an intermediate node C, the indirect communication is forwarded through the intermediate node C Then relaying from the node is employed (see fig. 2). Wherein,a and B, a and C, and C and B, respectively. This means that more nodes will use indirect communication, which further aggravates contention in the network, making it more difficult for the conventional BEB method to correctly reflect the contention condition of the channel.
The domestic patent number 200910064965.6 relates to a method for implementing a cross-layer wireless sensor network medium access control protocol, which mainly sets some nodes as forced wake-up nodes after wireless sensor network nodes enter period sleep time so as to find nodes on a future communication path in the nodes and implement multi-hop transmission of interception/sleep period data.
The domestic patent number CN200910039492.4 relates to a medium access control method of a wireless sensor network, which is realized by inheritanceThe basic topology establishment and time slot distribution method expands the application model, is not only applicable to a fixed flow network of periodic data, uses an improved channel structure and operation control, introduces a flow self-adaptive mechanism, and is applicable to an active dynamic flow monitoring network of a sensing node.
The domestic patent number CN200610026684.8 relates to a wireless sensor network distributed clustering method based on a self-adaptive back-off strategy, and the load of a node residual battery energy balancing system is utilized, and the generated cluster heads are ensured to be uniformly distributed through relevant parameters of an adjusting method.
Domestic patent number CN201110065267.5 relates to a dynamic spectrum access method for a wireless sensor network of a pseudo-random sequence backoff mechanism in the technical field of wireless sensor networks, which adopts a pseudo-random method to generate backoff channel sequences corresponding to each node, and uses the backoff channel sequences to perform channel adjustment, thereby effectively utilizing spectrum holes, improving network throughput, reducing data packet transmission delay, and simultaneously reducing network energy consumption and resisting user interference to a certain extent.
In summary, research results of backoff strategies when the wireless sensor network node supports multi-rate transmission capability are few, and how to avoid overhead, reduce network delay, improve network throughput and the like are urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-rate self-adaptive back-off method for a wireless sensor network. The invention focuses on a wireless sensor network supporting multi-rate capability of a physical layer, and any two nodes cannot meet indirect communication conditions in a single-rate environment; in the multi-rate environment, due to the difference of the distances between the nodes, the communication rates which can be adopted are different, and the indirect communication condition is easy to satisfy for the nodes which are far away and can only communicate at a lower rate. In addition, the success of one information exchange in a specific contention window CW does not mean the decrease of the network congestion condition, but the CW is applied to the current network congestion condition. So as long as the network congestion level remains constant, the size of the CW should also remain constant. And normally, the network congestion condition is not suddenly changed. If CW is reset to the minimum value CWminThe node is most likely to collide again and retransmit the packet until CW again reaches a higher value, wasting a lot of time and channel bandwidth. The invention makes full use of the characteristic that the physical layer of the node supports multi-rate transmission, reflects the congestion condition of the network through the relation between the node degree and the connection set, and effectively adjusts the competition window of the nodeThe success rate of data transmission is improved, and the network performance is enhanced.
The technical scheme for solving the problems in the prior art specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the node starts and sets the radio frequency module to work at the maximum transmitting power.
2. The nodes transmit broadcast packets at different rates and receive response packets from neighboring nodes.
3. The node measures and records the direct communication time with other nodes under different speed conditions, and sends the time information to adjacent nodes.
4. And the nodes count the received response data packets and determine the degree.
5. And the nodes receive the data packets which are sent by the adjacent nodes and contain the direct communication time between the nodes, and determine a connection set.
6. The node determines the optimal back-off factor according to the relation between the degree and the connection set。
7. Node is based onDetermining adaptive coefficients reflecting network congestion conditions。
8. The node monitors the data transmission condition on the channel according toAnd adjusting the size of the competition window in real time.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the problem that data conflict is further aggravated in a sensor network with multi-rate capability provided by a physical layer can be solved, and the defect that extra cost is continuously increased due to the fact that a contention window value is always high because a fixed backoff factor is adopted in a traditional IEEE 802.11 standard BEB method and a common slow backoff method is overcome; the method can avoid more conflicts and data packet retransmission under the condition of serious network congestion, improve the network throughput and reduce the network delay and the jitter thereof; and after the network congestion condition is suddenly changed, the additional expenditure is properly reduced, the stable network throughput is kept, the sudden reduction of the network throughput is prevented, and the overall performance of the network is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a multi-rate adaptive backoff method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of determining a connection set of nodes;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of construction of a connected set of nodes;
figure 4 is a diagram of determining a node backoff factorA flow chart of (1);
FIG. 5 is a diagram of determining adaptive coefficientsA flow chart of (1);
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of determining a node contention window;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing network throughput for the method of the present invention and the BEB method;
fig. 8 is a network delay comparison graph of the method of the present invention and the BEB method.
(for explanation: reference numerals 101 and 102 … in FIG. 1 correspond to steps 101 and 102 … in the "detailed implementation method"; reference numerals in FIGS. 3, 4, 5, and 6 denote the same methods as in FIG. 1)
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention provides a multi-rate self-adaptive back-off method of a wireless sensor network, which is based on a wireless sensor network node supporting multi-rate capability of a physical layer and uses a self-adaptive coefficientThe optimized back-off factor is selected according to the network congestion condition, and the defect of fixed back-off factor is overcomeThe overhead caused by the always higher value is continuously increased; in addition, the method determines adaptive coefficients from the connection setInThe value of (2) enables the multi-rate transmission to be supported, and the adaptability is further enhanced. Referring to fig. 1, the specific steps include:
step 101: the node starts and sets the radio frequency module to work at the maximum transmitting power.
Step 102: the nodes transmit broadcast packets at different rates and receive response data of neighboring nodes.
Step 103: the node measures and records the direct communication time with other nodes under different speed conditions, and sends the time information to the adjacent node;
step 104: and the nodes count the received response data packets and determine the degree.
Step 105: and the nodes receive the data which is sent by the adjacent nodes and contains the direct communication time between the nodes, and determine a connection set.
Step 106: the node determines the optimal back-off factor according to the relation between the degree and the connection set。
Step 107: node is based onDetermining adaptive coefficients reflecting network congestion conditions。
Step 108: the node monitors the data transmission condition on the channel according toAnd adjusting the size of the competition window in real time.
Step 102 of the present invention is to ensure that each node is to send enough broadcast packets, and the specific steps include:
step 201: the nodes select different sending rates according to the sequence from low to high, and send the broadcast data packets.
Step 202: of broadcast data packetsThe field is 1 to ensure that only the neighboring nodes receive the broadcast packet.
Step 203: the node ensures that 100 broadcast packets are sent at each rate.
Step 204: starting the timer of the node and setting the overtime time（Greater than the time to send 100 broadcast packets and receive response packets); exceedAnd selecting another rate to transmit the broadcast data packet.
Step 105 of the present invention determines a connection set of nodes by analyzing time information of direct communication between nodes, and the specific steps are as shown in fig. 3, including:
step 301: node (note as) Taking all adjacent nodes as initial connection set。
Step 302: selecting nodesCertain fixed adjacent node of。
Step 303: arbitrarily taking nodeAnother neighboring node of。
Step 304: node pointTo the nodeSending data packets, requesting acquisition nodesTo the nodeThe communication time of (2).
Step 305: node pointTo the nodeThe feedback comprisesThe data packet of (1).
Step 306: judging according to the multi-rate characteristics supported by the nodesWhether the condition is satisfied. If yes, go to step 307; if not, go to step 308.
Step 307: node pointUpdate a connection set to。
Step 308: judging whether to useAll neighboring nodes of (a) perform step 304. If yes, go to step 309, otherwise go to step 303 again.
Step 309: get nodeTo end of。
In step 106, the relationship between the node degree and the connection set may reflect the situation of the node participating in network competition, and plays a key role in adjusting the final adaptive coefficient, and the specific steps are as shown in fig. 4, and include:
step 401: node (note as) Update degree of oneselfAnd a connection set。
Step 402: and the node closes the radio frequency module to prevent the received data packet from influencing the next step.
Step 403: node comparisonAndthe relationship (2) of (c). If it satisfiesStep 406 is executed; if not, continue to step 404.
Step 404: node comparisonAndthe relationship (2) of (c). If it satisfiesStep 407 is executed; if not, continue to step 405.
Step 405: assigning an adaptive backoff factor to；
Step 406: assigning an adaptive backoff factor to。
Step 407: assigning an adaptive backoff factor to。
Step 408: the node restarts the radio frequency module.
Step 107 of the present invention is taken from the perspective of the manufacturing industryWhich is a power of 2 (since the back-off method for channel access is usually implemented by hardware), the specific steps are as shown in fig. 5, including:
step 501: the node reads the last competition window from the memory。
Step 502: is raised to the power of。
Step 503: judgment ofWhether the condition is satisfied. If yes, go to step 505; if not, go to step 504.
Step 504: judgment ofWhether the condition is satisfied. If yes, go to step 506; if not, go to step 507.
Step 505: will be provided withIs assigned a value of。
Step 506: will be provided withIs assigned a value of。
Step 507: will be provided withIs assigned a value of。
Step 508: determining the final adaptive coefficient as。
Step 108 of the present invention listens for data transmissions on the channel based on the adaptive coefficientsThe specific steps of adjusting the contention window of the node are shown in fig. 6, and include:
step 601: record the last contention window of a node as。
Step 602: record the contention window that the node is about to adopt as。
Step 603: and judging whether the last information transmission of the node is successful or not by monitoring the channel. If successful, go to step 604; if not, go to step 605.
Step 604: determining a new contention window of。
Step 605: determining a new contention window of。
Step 606: determining a final contention window。
The performance of the method of the invention and the BEB method is compared below by simulation experiments. In thatRandomly deploying 50 wireless nodes in a square two-dimensional area of (a))，Is a common destination receiving node for the other 49 nodes. The allowed rates for the nodes are 1Mbps, 2Mbps, 5.5Mbps, and 11 Mbps. Simulation slaveStarting at 42s, add one more transmitting node every 2 seconds：Corresponding to a transmission time ofTo do soIs a common receiving node. All nodes are within mutual communication range. Each transmitting node transmits a 1050 byte CBR packet every 5 ms. At 150s, except thatAll other nodes stop transmitting except for the continuation of the communication.
Fig. 7 is a graph comparing network throughput of the method of the present invention with that of the BEB method, and it is apparent that the method of the present invention can significantly improve network throughput. Where fig. 7 (a) is the case where the interface queue is 50, and fig. 7 (b) is the case where the interface queue is 2. Except thatIn addition, 48 other nodes have stopped sending packets at 150s, while fig. 7 (a) shows that the effect of other nodes does not end until 174s, because the interface queues of other nodes contain packets that are not sent. In order to eliminate the influence of the interface queue, fig. 7 (b) sets the length of the interface queue to 2. The results show that the method of the invention has good network performance even in case of sudden changes in the network congestion conditions.
Fig. 8 is a network delay comparison graph of the method of the present invention and the BEB method, where fig. 8 (a) is the case where the interface queue is 50 and fig. 8 (b) is the case where the interface queue is 2. Fig. 8 (a) illustrates that, when the method of the present invention is used, although the average delay is slightly higher than that when the BEB method is used, the network jitter (the amount of network delay variation) is very small, and the network condition is very stable. After the influence of the interface queue is eliminated, as shown in fig. 8 (b), the network jitter is very small and the network delay is obviously reduced when the method of the present invention is adopted.
Claims (3)
1. A multi-rate self-adaptive back-off method of a wireless sensor network is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
A. the node starts and sets the radio frequency module to work at the maximum transmitting power;
B. the node sends broadcast data packets at different rates and receives response data packets of adjacent nodes;
C. the node measures and records the direct communication time with other nodes under different speed conditions, and sends the time information to the adjacent node;
D. the node counts the received response data packet and determines the degree;
E. the method comprises the steps that a node receives a data packet which is sent by an adjacent node and contains direct communication time between the nodes, and a connection set is determined;
F. the node determines an optimal back-off factor tau according to the relation between the degree and the connection set;
G. the node determines a self-adaptive coefficient D reflecting the network congestion condition according to the tau;
H. the node monitors the data transmission condition on the channel and adjusts the size of the contention window in real time according to D;
the step G specifically further includes: the node reads the last competition window value CW from the memoryoldAnd setting the power value as g; if CWoldτ or greater, then g is assigned a value of 1/8; if τ/2 is less than or equal to CWoldIf τ is true, g is assigned 1/4; if CWoldIf τ/2 is true, g is assigned 1/2; finally, the self-adaptive coefficient of the node is determined to be D-1/2g(ii) a Taking D as a power of 2 is to rapidly realize the value of D by a hardware shift method from the angle of manufacturing industry;
selecting different back-off coefficients according to two situations of information interaction success and data collision, wherein the step H further comprises the following steps:
a) recording last contention window of node as CWold,CWmin≤CWold≤CWmax；
b) Recording the contention window to be adopted by the node as CWnew,CWmin≤CWnew≤CWmax；
And monitoring the channel and judging whether the last information transmission of the node is successful. If successful, determining the new contention window to be CWnew＝max(CWmin,DgCWold) (ii) a If not successful, determining the new contention window as CWnew＝2gCWold。
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step B further includes:
a) the nodes select different sending rates according to the sequence from low to high, and send the broadcast data packets;
b) the TTL field of the broadcast data packet is 1, and only the adjacent nodes receive the broadcast data packet;
c) the node ensures that 100 broadcast data packets are sent under each rate condition;
d) starting a timer of the node and setting the timeout Tthreshold，TthresholdMore than 100 broadcast packets are sent and response packets are received; exceeds TthresholdAnother rate is selected for transmitting the broadcast packet.
3. The multi-rate adaptive backoff method of claim 1, wherein the step F further comprises:
a) the node j updates the degree d of the node jjAnd connection set CSj；
b) And the node closes the radio frequency module to prevent the received data packet from influencing the next step.
c) Node comparison djAnd CSjIf d is satisfiedj/2≤CSj≤djExecuting the step f; if not, continuing to execute the step d;
d) node comparison djAnd CSjIf d is satisfiedj/4≤CSj≤djStep g is executed; if not, continuing to execute the step e;
e) assigning an adaptive backoff factor to CWmax/2；
f) Assigning an adaptive backoff factor to CWmax/8；
g) Assigning an adaptive backoff factor to CWmax/4；
h) The node restarts the radio frequency module.
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| CN102196598A (en) * | 2011-05-30 | 2011-09-21 | 北京理工大学 | Self-adaptive hybrid MAC (Media Access Control) protocol of wireless sensor network |
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| 一种无线传感器网络信道接入自适应慢速退避算法;赵洪钢,史浩山;《传感技术学报》;20060430;516-519 * |
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Inventor after: Zhao Honggang Inventor after: Tang Haoyang Inventor after: Cheng Wei Inventor after: Yang Jungang Inventor after: Jing Feng Inventor after: Meng Jin Inventor before: Zhao Honggang Inventor before: Tang Haoyang Inventor before: Cheng Wei |
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Effective date of registration: 20160725 Address after: 710106 Shaanxi city of Xi'an Province Wang Qu Zhen Changan District Guangming Road No. 5 A Patentee after: Xi'an Communication College Address before: 710072 Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shaanxi, Xi'an Patentee before: Zhao Honggang |
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