CN103107225A - Solar collector assembly - Google Patents
Solar collector assembly Download PDFInfo
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- CN103107225A CN103107225A CN2012105933896A CN201210593389A CN103107225A CN 103107225 A CN103107225 A CN 103107225A CN 2012105933896 A CN2012105933896 A CN 2012105933896A CN 201210593389 A CN201210593389 A CN 201210593389A CN 103107225 A CN103107225 A CN 103107225A
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/005—Testing of reflective surfaces, e.g. mirrors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
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- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
- F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
- F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
- F24S30/458—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes with inclined primary axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/90—Arrangements for testing solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/183—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors specially adapted for very large mirrors, e.g. for astronomy, or solar concentrators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
- H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S2023/87—Reflectors layout
- F24S2023/874—Reflectors formed by assemblies of adjacent similar reflective facets
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S2201/00—Prediction; Simulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/80—Accommodating differential expansion of solar collector elements
- F24S40/85—Arrangements for protecting solar collectors against adverse weather conditions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
System(s) and method(s) for mounting, deploying, testing, operating, and managing a solar concentrator are provided. The innovation discloses mechanisms for evaluating the performance and quality of a solar collector via emission of modulated laser radiation upon (or near) a position of photovoltaic (PV) cells. The innovation discloses positioning two receivers at two distances from the source (e.g., solar collector or dish). These receivers are employed to collect light which can be compared to standards or other thresholds thereby diagnosing quality of the collectors. Receiver(s) includes photovoltaic (PV) module(s) for energy conversion, or module(s) for thermal energy harvesting. PV cell in PV modules can be laid out in various configurations to maximize electric current output. Moreover, a heat regulating assembly removes heat from the PV cells and other hot regions, to maintain the temperature gradient within predetermined levels.
Description
Present patent application is that application number is that 200980134527.0 name is called the dividing an application of application for a patent for invention of " solar collector sub-assembly ", and the applying date of original application is on July 2nd, 2009.
The related application cross reference
The rights and interests of the application's case request to following patent application case: file an application and title is No. the 61/078th, 038, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application case of " solar collector test (SOLAR CONCENTRATOR TESTING) " on July 3rd, 2008; File an application and title is No. the 61/078th, 256, the U.S. Provisional Application case of the utmost point mounting arrangements (POLAR MOUNTING ARRANGEMENT FOR A SOLARCONCENTRATOR) of solar collector " be used for " on July 3rd, 2008; File an application and title is No. the 61/077th, 991, the U.S. Provisional Application case of " position of sun follow the trail of (SUN POSITION TRACKING) " on July 3rd, 2008; File an application and title is No. the 61/077th, 998, the U.S. patent application case of " placement of solar collector (PLACEMENT OF A SOLAR COLLECTOR) " on July 3rd, 2008; File an application and title is No. the 61/078th, 245, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application case of " solar collector that can be mass-produced (MASSPRODUCIBLE SOLAR COLLECTOR) " on July 3rd, 2008; File an application and title is No. the 61/078th, 029, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application case of " having thermoregulator solar collector (SOLAR CONCENTRATORS WITH TEMPERATUREREGULATION) " on July 3rd, 2008; File an application and title is No. the 61/078th, 259, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application case of " beam pattern and photovoltaic element layout (LIGHT BEAM PATTERN AND PHOTOVOLTAIC ELEMENTS LAYOUT) " on July 3rd, 2008; File an application and title is No. the 12/495th, 303, the U.S. patent application case of " position of sun follow the trail of (SUN POSITIONTRACKING) " on June 30th, 2009; File an application and title is No. the 12/495th, 164, the U.S. patent application case of " placement of solar collector (PLACEMENT OF A SOLAR COLLECTOR) " on June 30th, 2009; File an application and title is No. the 12/495th, 398, the U.S. patent application case of " solar collector that can be mass-produced (MASS PRODUCIBLE SOLAR COLLECTOR) " on June 30th, 2009; File an application and title is No. the 12/495th, 136, the U.S. patent application case of " having thermoregulator solar collector (SOLAR CONCENTRATORS WITH TEMPERATURE REGULATION) " on June 30th, 2009; File an application and title is No. the 12/496th, 034, the U.S. patent application case of the utmost point mounting arrangements (POLAR MOUNTINGARRANGEMENT FOR A SOLAR CONCENTRATOR) of solar collector " be used for " on July 1st, 2009; File an application and title is No. the 12/496th, 150, the U.S. patent application case of " solar collector test (SOLAR CONCENTRATOR TESTING) " on July 1st, 2009; And file an application and title is No. the 12/496th, 541, the U.S. patent application case of " beam pattern and photovoltaic element layout (LIGHT BEAMPATTERN AND PHOTOVOLTAIC ELEMENTS LAYOUT) " on July 1st, 2009.The whole content of above-mentioned application case is incorporated herein by reference.
Technical field
In general the application's case relates to solar collector and more particularly relates to structure, assembles, uses and manage solar collector.
Background technology
Limited fossil energy supply and the global environment that is associated thereof destroy and have forced market forces to make the energy and correlation technique variation.A kind of this type of energy that has received great concern is solar energy, and it adopts photovoltaic (PV) technology to convert light to electricity.Usually, the PV product every two years just doubles, every average annual growth rate 48% since 2002, thus make it become fastest-rising energy technologies in the world.In year in 2008, the estimated value of accumulation global solar production capacity keeps at least 12,400 megawatts.About 90% of this kind generate output is comprised of the electric system that is incorporated into the power networks, and wherein installs can be the ground installation or be implemented on the roof or wall of building, is called building integrated photovoltaic system (BIPV).
In addition, realize Important Techmical Progress in the design of solar panel and in producing, described solar panel is further followed the reduction of efficient increase and manufacturing cost.In general, setting up the related prime cost element of large solar gathering system is the cost of supporting construction, and described supporting construction is used for the solar panel of array is installed in appropriate position to be used for receiving also conversion solar.Other complexity during this type of is arranged relates to the valid function of PV element.
Often be used as the small-power power of solar cell application in consumer-oriented product (for example, desktop calculator, wrist-watch etc.) for the PV element that light is transformed into electric energy.This type systematic more and more attracts people's concern because of its actual property as the following alternative energy source of fossil fuel.In general, the PV element is the element that adopts p-n junction, Schottky (Schottky) knot or semi-conductive photovoltaic power (photovoltaic pressure), wherein Si semiconductor etc. absorbs light to produce photocarrier, for example electronics and hole, and described photocarrier drifts about to the outside because of the internal electric field of p-n junction part.
A kind of common PV element adopts monocrystalline silicon and semiconductor technology to produce.For instance, crystal growth technique prepares the monocrystalline that valency is controlled to be the silicon of p-type or N-shaped, and wherein this kind monocrystalline is cut into Silicon Wafer subsequently to realize the thickness of being wanted.In addition, layer that can be by forming different conduction-types (for example, the conduction type with the conductivity type opposite of wafer is made in the diffusion of valency control thing) prepares p-n junction.
Except the product that satisfies the needs of consumers, also adopt solar energy collecting system for various purposes, for instance, switch ground point source (except other) as effectiveness Interactive Power System, the power supply that is used for long-range or unmanned place and cellular phone.Energy conversion module in solar energy collecting system (for example, the PV module) array can have from several kilowatts to 100 kilowatts or higher power, and this depends on the number of the PV module (also referred to as solar panel) that is used to form described array.Can be exposed to the described solar panel of installation Anywhere under the sun most of the time in one day.
Usually, solar energy collecting system comprises going arranged in form and is installed on solar panel array on supporting construction.This type of solar panel can export to be adapted to specific solar energy collecting system designing requirement to optimize the solar panel energy through orientation.Solar panel can fixed orientation and constant tilt be installed on fixed structure, maybe can be installed on and follow the trail of on structure, described tracking structure is crossed over sky and along with the sun is mobile and described solar panel is alignd towards the sun on high in 1 year along with the sun is mobile by day.
Yet the temperature of controlling photovoltaic cell is still crucial for the operation of this type systematic, and the scalability that is associated is still the task of rich challenge.Common approximation draws the conclusion that 0.3% electric power is lost approximately in 1 ℃ of the every rising of PV battery usually.
Heliotechnics is generally implemented in a series of solar energy (photovoltaic) battery or battery panel, and described solar cell or battery panel receive daylight and sunlight conversion is become electricity, and electricity can be fed in power network subsequently.Realize major progress in the design of solar panel and in producing, it effectively increases efficient and reduces simultaneously its manufacturing cost.Along with developing the higher solar cell of efficient, the size of battery reduces, and reduces gradually and the actual property increase of the competitive rechargeable energy of tool in the non-renewable source of height requirement thereby cause adopting solar panel to provide substituting.For this reason, can dispose solar energy collecting system with the solar energy feed-in in power network.
Usually, solar energy collecting system comprises and arranges and to embark on journey and to be installed on solar panel array on supporting construction.This type of solar panel can export to be adapted to specific solar energy collecting system designing requirement to optimize the solar panel energy through orientation.Solar panel can fixed orientation and constant tilt be installed on fixed structure, maybe can be installed on moving structure with the described solar panel that aligns towards the sun, because directed described panel receives the power generation that maximum solar radiation will produce to be increased rightly.Researched and developed some automation tracing systems and with independent time-based and date, panel has been pointed to towards the sun, because position sunny according to these predictive metricses to a certain extent; Yet this does not provide best and aims at, because position of sun can change subtly from its calculating location.Other method comprises sensor light and correspondingly towards described light alignment solar panel.These technology adopt shadow mask usually, make when on the axle of the sun at detector, the crested zone of battery with equated by the area size of direct irradiation.Yet the light that from many sources produces of this type of technology for detection except direct sunlight is such as the reflection from cloud, laser etc.
For light being gathered in the receiver with photovoltaic cell to be used for the system of generating or heat collection, paraboloidal reflector is used for the technology that realizes that light is assembled.Sometimes by with glass, plastics or metal preform or be molded as parabolic shape and make paraboloidal reflector (forming a dimension or two dimensions), this can be expensive.Alternative method is to form the half paraboloid reflector, and described reflector is attached to the framework of being made by crooked aluminum pipe or other similar structures.In these and other conventional design, the limitation of complexity large-scale production of structure and be the convenience of solar collector with design and assembly.In many cases, need crane to assemble described structure, and therefore described sub-assembly cost is higher.Equally, at the scene, the aligning of speculum can be difficult.In addition, can be difficult to safeguard and keep in repair described sub-assembly itself.
Paraboloidal reflector is generally used for realizing the light gathering.For producing electricity or heat, paraboloidal reflector usually focuses on light and can localize (for example, focus) or expand in the focus area or track of (for example, focal line).Yet most of reflector design have the obstruction property of can be mass-produced and are the substantial structure complexity that is used for the convenience of the solar collector of power conversion with design and assembly.In addition, structural complexity makes the installation of the aligning of reflecting element (for example, speculum) and institute's deploy aggregated device and maintenance or maintenance complicate usually.
Summary of the invention
Hereinafter present simplification of the present invention and summarize to provide basic comprehension to aspects more of the present invention.This general introduction is not to be to exhaustive overview of the present invention.It is not plan identification of the present invention main/key element or portray scope of the present invention.Its sole purpose is to present in simplified form the preorder that is described in more detail that concepts more of the present invention are used as presenting after a while.
The present invention who discloses and ask herein comprise in aspect one a kind of for test, estimate and system's (and corresponding method) of the quality of diagnosis solar collector optics.In fact, the present invention discloses and is used for by estimating the performance of solar collector and the mechanism of quality near the position (or it) of photovoltaic (PV) battery through the modulated laser radiation-emitting.In an example, this emission will be in the paraboloidal focus place of (or roughly approaching) real paraboloidal reflector.
The present invention discloses and locates two receivers with two distances in distance source (for example, solar collector or disk).These receivers be used for to collect can with standard or other threshold value compare through light modulated.In other words, the intensity of received light can compare with the value of industry standard or certain other pre-programmed or deduction.Correspondingly, can draw from the result of described comparison and performance-relevant conclusion.
In other side, if expectation strengthens the result of being observed by described receiver, the performance of the described optics of capable of regulating so.For instance, can adopt mechanical mechanism (for example, motor controller) to come automatic " tuning " or " fine setting " described gatherer (or described gatherer of a subgroup) can accept or the performance of wanting in order to realize.
The conventional method that solar array is installed in solar energy collecting system relates to makes described array from supporting construction skew ground installation.Yet, during described array sun-tracing, can overcome with the motor of relatively high power the effect of center of gravity of the displacement of described array, therefore reduce the efficient of described system.
The subject matter that passes through to disclose discloses a kind of array, makes described array be installed in the plane of supporting construction, thereby allows to keep the center of gravity of described array around the axle of described supporting construction.Compare with conventional system, can utilize the small electric machine to locate described array, because make the effect minimum of the center of gravity of displacement.In addition, described array is rotated around described supporting construction, thereby allow described array is placed in home to prevent the destruction to the assembly that forms described array, such as photovoltaic cell, speculum etc.Described array also can be through the location to promote maintenance and the convenience of installing.
Provide and to be better than other light source detection to the solar tracking position of direct sunlight.In this regard, solar cell roughly directly can be gathered on the daylight that produces energy-efficient.In particular, light analyzer can be in the daylight tracker co-operate, wherein each analyzer can receive the one in a plurality of light sources.Can produce from the gained light signal of described analyzer and it can be compared with determine described only no be direct sunlight; In this regard, can ignore the source that is defined as not being direct sunlight.In an example, described light analyzer can comprise polarizer, spectral filter, globe lens and/or quadrant unit (quadrant cell) to carry out this purpose.In addition, for instance, can provide amplifier to carry the gained light signal to be used for its processing.
According to example, can configure a plurality of light analyzers in given daylight tracker.For instance, can utilize the polarizer of described light analyzer to guarantee the essence unpolarized (just as the situation of direct sunlight) of original light source.In example, can utilize the spectral filter of light analyzer to stop some optical wavelength, thereby allow the scope by the daylight utilization.In addition, can utilize collimation character that globe lens and quadrant cell location determine light with further identification direct sunlight and proofread and correct shaft alignement to receive a large amount of direct sunlight.Except other, whether the gained light signal that can collect and compare from each light analyzer is direct sunlight with definite described light source.Determine wherein that at one described light is in the example of direct sunlight, can pass the position that globe lens and the position on the quadrant unit are adjusted solar panel automatically according to light, make daylight aim at best with the axle of described quadrant unit.
In routine operation, can be by locating solar collector with encoder.Can time-based and the solar position estimated value on the date described encoder of programming; Time and date can be collected and the appropriate location of described collector can be determined based on the described information of collecting.Yet, if solar collector configuration by deliberately mobile, mobile because of the natural event generation etc., so described encoder in the situation that not reprogramming can become more inaccurate.
The invention of passing through to disclose can be calculated with respect to gravity and put on the force measurement on solar collector and described measurement can be used for placing described solar collector.Make comparisons to determine where described solar collector is positioned between can and will being worth in described measurement.Correspondingly, can produce the instruction of mobile receiver and described instruction is sent to electric system.About an embodiment, can will be attached to securely the solar energy disk to inclinometer, in order to can measure the described disk angle pointed with respect to gravity.
In addition, in conjunction with the production of simplifying solar collector, transportation, assembling and maintenance, various aspects are described.The mode that the aspect that discloses relates to the cheap of a kind of solar collector sub-assembly of producing solar collector and being easy to assemble and simplifies.In addition, some aspects disclosed herein allow to transport cheaply a large amount of disks (for example, solar energy sub-assembly) with the state of modularization and/or part assembling.
One or more aspects relate to the mode that speculum is formed parabolic shape, its fixing is put in place and assembles.Keeping spacing between speculum groups of vanes component can be to the effect of gatherer generation during the cycle at strong wind (for example, storm wind) to alleviate wind-force.Thereby can allow some flexibilities to make described cell response in the slight mobile mode of wind-force, described speculum groups of vanes component is installed to the backbone.Yet described unit keeps rigidity to be maintained on receiver with the focus with daylight.According to some aspects, described speculum groups of vanes component can be arranged as the groove design.In addition, near the location of electrode seat frame center of gravity place or center of gravity allows mobile collectors so that maintenance, storage etc.
A kind of solar collector of another aspect of the present invention supply system, described solar collector system has adjusting (for example, in real time) from the heat regulation sub-assembly of its heat dissipation.This kind solar collector system can comprise the modular arrangement of photovoltaic (PV) battery, and wherein said heat regulation sub-assembly can remove from the hot spot region heat that produces and maintain in predetermine level with the temperature gradient with the described modular arrangement of PV battery.In one aspect, the form that this kind heat regulation sub-assembly can adopt fin to arrange, it comprises a plurality of fin of dorsal part of the described modular arrangement of photovoltaic cell to be surface mounted to, and wherein each fin can further comprise and is approximately perpendicular to a plurality of fins that described dorsal part extends.The surface area that described fin can enlarge fin is to increase the contact with coolant (for example, air, such as cooling fluids such as water), and described coolant is used for from described fin and/or photovoltaic cell heat dissipation.Therefore, can be transmitted on every side in coolant from the heat of photovoltaic cell and with described heat via fin conductive.In addition, described fin can have the roughly little form factor with respect to photovoltaic cell, with the effective distribution of realization at the whole dorsal part of the modular arrangement of photovoltaic cell.In one aspect, can will be transmitted to from the heat of photovoltaic cell fin to alleviate fin to the direct physical of photovoltaic cell or heat conduction via heat conduction path (for example, metal level).This layout is provided for the scalable solution of the appropriate operation of PV modular arrangement.
In related fields, described fin can be able to be positioned in various planes or three dimensional arrangement in order to monitor, regulate and manage all sidedly the heat flow of leaving photovoltaic cell.In addition, each fin can further adopt heat/electric structure, and described structure can have spiral, reverses, spirals, labyrinth shape or the comparatively dense pattern that has line in a part distribute and have other planform that the relatively not intensive pattern of line distributes in other parts.For instance, this class formation part can be formed and another part can be formed by the material that high thermoconductivity is provided on other direction by the material that relatively high isotropic conductivity is provided.Correspondingly, each heat of heat regulation sub-assembly/electric structure provides heat conduction path, and described heat conduction path can dissipate from the heat of focus and make it enter the various heat conducting shells of calorie adjusting device or the fin that is associated.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of calorie adjusting device, and described calorie adjusting device has the direct soleplate that contacts or the support plate that can keep the hot zone arranged with the modularization photovoltaic.Described soleplate can comprise that heat promotes section and main soleplate section.Described heat promotes section to promote the transfer of heat between modularization photovoltaic layout and calorie adjusting device.Described main soleplate section can further comprise the heat structure that embeds inside.This allowance is initially spread via described whole main soleplate section or scatters and enter subsequently heat structure and stretch sub-assembly from the heat that photovoltaic cell produces, and wherein this kind stretching, extension sub-assembly can be connected to fin.
According to more on the one hand, the heat structure sub-assembly can connect to form network, and wherein its operation is controlled by the controller.In response to from described system (for example, transducer, heat/electric textural association spare etc.) data collected, described controller determine to discharge coolant with the mutual amount of heat structure and speed (for example, to take away heat from photovoltaic cell, in order to eliminate focus and realize the more uniform temperature gradient in the modular arrangement of photovoltaic cell).For instance, based on collected measurement, the operation of microprocessor adjuster valve is to be maintained at temperature (for example, the water that serves as cooling agent from the storage cistern supply flows through described PV battery) in preset range.In addition, described system can incorporate into has various transducers to assess the problem of appropriate operation (for example, the health of system) and diagnosis rapid-maintenance.In one aspect, after withdrawing from calorie adjusting device and/or photovoltaic cell, cooling agent can enter Venturi tube (Venturi tube) at once, and wherein pressure sensor makes it possible to measure its flow.This microprocessor by control system further makes it possible to check the following: flow set, amount of coolant, flow obstacle etc.
In related fields, described solar collector system can comprise further that solar source (solar thermals)-wherein heat regulation sub-assembly of the present invention also can implement the part into this kind generation electric energy and both hybrid systems of heat energy, to promote optimization energy output.In other words, can be used as subsequently through preheating medium or being used for heat and produce (for example, be fed to consumer-for example heat load) being used for the medium of cooling described PV battery is accumulated during the cooling procedure of PV battery heat energy.But controller of the present invention also active management (for example, compromise between heat energy and PV efficient in real time), wherein the control network of valve can be regulated coolant media and pass flowing of each solar collector.Described heat regulation sub-assembly can adopt the form of conduit network, for example is used for guiding at whole solar collector net the pipeline of coolant (for example, through pressurization and/or flow freely).Control assembly can be regulated based on sensing data (for example, the measurement of temperature, pressure, flow, fluid velocity etc. in whole system) operation of (for example, automatically) valve.
In addition, the invention provides for the system and method at the paraboloidal reflector of assembling and utilizing low cost for the solar collector of power conversion, can be mass-produced.By beginning to assemble paraboloidal reflector with the planar reflective material, described material is bent into parabola or runs through shape via one group of ribs that is additional in brace summer.Described paraboloidal reflector is installed in each panel or array on support frame to form the parabolic solar collector.Each paraboloidal reflector is with line segment pattern focused light.Can make the beam pattern optimization that focuses on receiver via described parabolic solar collector obtain pre-determined characteristics.Described receiver is attached to described support frame, and is relative with described paraboloidal reflector array, and comprises photovoltaic (PV) module and heat results element or assembly.By increasing or keep the performance of being wanted of described parabolic solar collector, described PV module can be by arranging to configure for one chip (for instance) and the abundance that represents the PV battery of preferred direction, advantageously utilizing beam pattern optimization, and no matter the scrambling in described pattern.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems realizes by the following technical solutions.According to a kind of solar collector that the present invention proposes, it comprises: a plurality of paraboloidal reflector arrays, and wherein each paraboloidal reflector comprises the reflecting element that is bent into groove shape via the one group of ribs that is attached to frame beam; One or more receivers, it collects light from described a plurality of paraboloidal reflector arrays, and described gatherer comprises at least one of the photovoltaic module of power conversion or heat energy harvesting system; And adjustment System, its in order to optimize collect the collected light in each described one or more receivers of light from described a plurality of paraboloidal reflector arrays the light intensity distributions of pattern so that the performance metric of described solar collector is maximum, wherein said performance metric be electric energy produce or heat energy aborning at least one.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also can be applied to the following technical measures to achieve further.
Aforesaid solar collector, wherein said photovoltaic module comprises one group of photovoltaic cell and troops, it is through arranging to utilize best described collected light, the described photovoltaic cell that described cohort is concentrated comprises solar cells made of crystalline silicon, crystallization germanium solar cells, based on III to the semi-conductive solar cell of V family, based at least one in the solar cell of copper gallium selenium, solar cell, amorphous silicon battery, film serial connection solar cell, three-joint solar cell or nano-structured solar cell based on copper indium diselenide.
Aforesaid solar collector, each photovoltaic cell during wherein said group of photovoltaic cell trooped be one chip and along perpendicular to the specific axis on the plane of containing described photovoltaic module orientation.
Troop a plurality of photovoltaic cells of one or more row of comprising to be connected in series electric coupling of aforesaid solar collector, each during wherein said group of photovoltaic cell trooped.
Aforesaid solar collector, at least one in described a plurality of photovoltaic cells of wherein said one or more row comprises the photovoltaic active element of currents match, and wherein said photovoltaic active element is at least in part based on the performance characterization that carries out in test facilities under the operation site condition of simulation and currents match.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also realizes by the following technical solutions.According to a kind of method in order to the assembling solar gatherer that the present invention proposes, described method comprises: assemble paraboloidal reflector by via the one group of ribs that is attached to frame beam, the part of planar reflective material being bent to groove shape; Be installed in support frame through assembling paraboloidal reflector array a plurality of; The position of adjusting each paraboloidal reflector in described a plurality of array is collected in beam pattern on receiver with optimization, and wherein said adjustment action comprises the described position of each paraboloidal reflector of automatic tracing so that the fluctuation of the pattern of described collected light beam is minimum; And according to the pattern of the institute's gathered light in described receiver and configure photovoltaic module on described receiver.
Aforesaid method in order to the assembling solar gatherer, it further is included on described receiver installs hot harvesting apparatus and collects by light the heat that is produced to collect.
Aforesaid method in order to the assembling solar gatherer, the described position of each paraboloidal reflector of automatic tracing is so that the fluctuation minimum of the pattern of described collected light beam comprises at least one in the following: collect data by measuring or being linked into the Local or Remote database; Activation motor is to adjust the position of the element in described solar collector; Or report the situation of described solar collector.
Aforesaid method in order to the assembling solar gatherer, the configuration photovoltaic module further is included in the described photovoltaic module that disparate one-element group concentrates and arranges that one group of photovoltaic cell is in order to increase described group of photovoltaic cell to the exposure of collected light according to the pattern of the institute's gathered light in described receiver and on described receiver.
Troop a plurality of photovoltaic cells of one or more row of comprising to be connected in series electric coupling of aforesaid method in order to the assembling solar gatherer, wherein said disparate unit.
Address relevant purpose on realizing, this paper describes some illustrative of the present invention aspect in conjunction with following explanation and accompanying drawing.Yet these aspects only represent to utilize several modes and set all this type of aspect and the equivalents thereof of comprising of the present invention in the variety of way of principle of the present invention.In conjunction with graphic consideration following detailed description the in detail of the present invention, other advantage of the present invention and novel feature will become apparent.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A and Figure 1B respectively graphic extension according to the exemplary parabolic solar collector of the aspect that discloses in the application's case and the chart of institute's focused beam.
Fig. 2 graphic extension consists of reflector according to the exemplary of aspect described herein, and it is referred to herein as solar energy groups of vanes component.
Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B graphic extension consist of according to aspect described herein the position that solar reflector is attached to the main brace summer in solar collector.
Fig. 4 A arranges according to the configuration of exemplary single collector and the exemplary dual collector of aspect described herein to the graphic extension of Fig. 4 B difference.
Fig. 5 graphic extension focuses on " bowknot " distortion of the collected light beam on receiver according to aspect described herein.
Fig. 6 can be corrected before the deployment of solar collector or can be at the chart of controlled typical slight distortion during scheduling maintenance session according to the aspect that discloses in this specification.
Fig. 7 graphic extension according on the one hand through adjusting the chart of institute's focused beam pattern.
Fig. 8 is according to aspect described herein chart for the receiver of the solar collector of power conversion.
Fig. 9 A is to the chart of Fig. 9 B graphic extension according to the receiver of aspect described herein.
Figure 10 focuses on the reproduction of the beam pattern on receiver according to aspect described herein.
Figure 11 A is to the exemplary embodiment of Figure 11 B demonstration according to the PV module of aspect described herein.
Figure 12 shows and can mechanically be coupled to according to aspects of the present invention the PV module with the embodiment of the channelizing heat collection device that extracts therefrom heat.
Figure 13 A to Figure 13 C graphic extension PV element active according to aspect described herein by the exemplary sight via the irradiation of the solar collection of parabolic solar collector.
Figure 14 is the drawing according to the computer simulation of the beam distribution of the aspect parabola collector that discloses in this specification.
Figure 15 A is to the example of Figure 15 C graphic extension according to the cluster configuration of the PV battery of aspect described herein.
Figure 16 A makes it possible to by two exemplary cluster configuration of the PV battery of the change of dynamic(al) correction institute focused beam light pattern according to aspect described herein to Figure 16 B graphic extension.
Figure 16 C shows the exemplary configuration that is used for current generated collection according to aspect described herein.
Figure 17 makes it possible to adjust the position of solar collector or its reflector panel so that the block diagram of the exemplary tracing system of the performance metric maximum of described solar collector according to aspect described herein.
Figure 18 A to Figure 18 B representative according to aspect described herein utilize broad gatherer day optical receiver the disparate view of embodiment.
Figure 19 shows the alternative or extra embodiment of exemplary that utilizes day optical receiver of broad gatherer according to aspect described herein.
Figure 20 graphic extension is simulated because of the ray trace of the lip-deep light that is incident in the PV module that a plurality of reflections on the inner surface of the reflection guider in broadness-gatherer receiver cause.
Figure 21 is presented on the analog image of the light of collecting at the PV module place in broadness with the reflection guider that is attached to it-gatherer receiver.
Figure 22 presents according to aspect described herein and is used for utilizing paraboloidal reflector to come gathered light with the flow chart of the exemplary methods that is used for power conversion.
Figure 23 is in order to the position of the adjusting solar collector flow chart with the exemplary methods that realizes pre-determined characteristics according to aspect described herein.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention referring now to graphic, wherein refer to identical element in the identical Ref. No. of all graphic middle use.For illustrative purposes, in the following description, a large amount of details have been enumerated in order to provide thorough understanding of the present invention.Yet, can be apparent, need not to use these details just can put into practice the present invention.In other example, show well-known structure and device with the block diagram form, to promote to describe the present invention.
Term used " assembly " in the application's case, " system ", " module ", " interface ", " platform ", " layer ", " node ", " selector " be set refers to the entity relevant to computer, it can be combination, the software of hardware, hardware and software, or can be executory software.For instance, assembly can be process, processor, object, executable file, execution thread, program and/or the computer that (but being not limited to) moved on processor.By illustrative mode, the application program and the described server that run on server all can be assembly.One or more assemblies can reside in process and/or execution thread, and assembly can be localized on a computer and/or is distributed between two or more computers.In addition, these assemblies can store the various computer-readable medias execution of various data structures from it.Described assembly can (for example) basis (for example have one or more packets, from one with local system, distributed system in another component interaction and/or spanning network (for example, internet) via the data of the assembly of described signal and other system interaction) signal communicate via this locality and/or remote process.As another example, equipment with the particular functionality that is provided by mechanical part is provided assembly, described mechanical part is by electricity or electronic circuit operation, described electricity or electronic circuit be by the software of being carried out by processor or firmware application programs operation, and wherein said processor can be at described device interior or in described device external and carry out at least a portion of described software or firmware application programs.As an example again, assembly can be in the situation that the machinery-free parts provide the equipment of particular functionality by electronic building brick, and described electronic building brick can comprise that wherein processor is to carry out functional software or the firmware of giving at least in part described electronic building brick.As another example, interface can comprise I/O (I/O) assembly and associated processor, application program or API (API) assembly.
In addition, the term "or" is set means comprising property "or" and the non-exclusionism "or".That is to say, " X adopts A or B " set any one that means in the arrangement of described comprising property naturally obviously found out unless otherwise prescribed or from the context.That is to say, if X adopts A, X adopts B, or X adopt A and B both, so in the situation that in above-mentioned example, any one all satisfies " X employing A or B ".In addition, article used in this specification and accompanying drawing " (a) " reaches " one (an) " should be interpreted as meaning " one or more " usually, obviously refers to unless otherwise prescribed or based on context singulative.
Term used " infer (infer) " or " inferring (inference) " typically refer to according to a group observations of catching by event and/or data and release or the process of inference system, environment and/or user's state herein.For instance, deduction can be used to identify specific context or action, maybe can produce the probability distribution of state.That described deduction can be is probabilistic-that is to say, and based on being calculated, the consideration of data and event is concerned about the probability distribution of state.Infer and also can refer to for consisting of the more technology of advanced event from one group of event and/or data.This kind deduction causes constructing new events or action from one group of institute's observed events and/or the event data of storing, no matter whether described event is relevant with upper next-door neighbour's of time form, and no matter described event and data are from one or from several events and data source.
Produce the required most of fund cost of solar electric power and be at the silicon that is used for photovoltaic (PV) battery or photovoltaic pond.Yet, can use with the suitable photovoltaic cell of 1000 sun optically focused operations now, can be by reducing this cost on the silicon that daylight is gathered in relative small size.For successfully realizing this purpose, reflecting material (for example, speculum) must show really very well.
In great majority were used, owing to assembling the most at the scene collector, so this requirement was even harsher.Therefore, the present invention discloses the Fast Evaluation of the quality that can permit the collector optics and in the situation that method and the device (assembly) that unacceptable performance also provides diagnosis occur.In addition, the invention enables can tuning collector to realize best or acceptable performance standard.
The chart of Figure 1A graphic extension exemplary parabolic solar collector 7100.Exemplary solar collector 7100 comprises four panels 7130 of reflector 7135
1To 7130
4, described panel focuses the light beam in two receivers 7120
1To 720
2On-panel 7130
1And 7130
3Light is focused on receiver 7120
1On, and panel 7130
2And 7130
4Light is focused on receiver 7120
2On.Receiver 7120
1And 7120
2Both all can collect the daylight for generation of electricity or electric power; Yet, in alternative or additional configuration, receiver 7120
1Can be used for the heat energy results, and receiver 7120
2Can be used for electric power produces.Reflector 7135 attached (for example, bolt, soft soldering) arrives the main strutting piece beam 7135 as the part of supporting construction, and described supporting construction comprises mast 7118, supports receiver 7120
1And 120
2Beam 7130 and alleviate panel 7130
1To 7130
4The truss 7125(of the load on girder 7115 for example, kingpost truss).Panel 7130 is depended in the position of truss contact
1To 7130
4Load.Supporting construction in exemplary solar collector 7100 can be made by roughly arbitrary material (for example, metal, carbon fiber) of lasting support and integrality being provided for described collector.Reflector 7135 can be identical or roughly the same; Yet in one or more alternative or extra embodiment, the large I of reflector 7135 is different.On the one hand, can adopt different big or small reflectors 7135 to produce the focused beam pattern with particular characteristics (for example, specific uniformity grade) of collected light.
Reflector 7135 comprises towards the reflecting element of described receiver and supporting construction (hereinafter being described in connection with Fig. 2).Reflecting element be reliably, the not expensive and planar reflective material (for example, speculum) easily buied, it is bent in a longitudinal direction parabolic shape or runs through the shape section and keep in a lateral direction smooth to form paraboloidal reflector.Therefore, reflector 7135 focuses on light on focal line in receiver 7120.Should be appreciated that, though in exemplary solar collector 7100 reflector 7135 of graphic extension given number (7), but at each panel 7130
1To 7130
4In can adopt the reflector of greater or lesser number.Equally, can utilize arbitrary essence of reflector panel or array 7130 and receiver 7120 to make up in solar collector described in this specification.This kind combination can comprise one or more receivers.
In addition; should be appreciated that; can apply at reflector 7135 backs the protection elements, such as plastic foam etc. to adopt safety or maintenance position (for example, by the rotation around main brace summer 7115) at exemplary solar collector 7100 and expose panel 7130 under abominable or adverse weather operation
λBack (wherein l=1,2,3,4) time promote the integrality (for instance) of described element.
Should be further appreciated that exemplary solar collector 7100 transports and be assembled in the modular construction of disposing the site for being easy to large-scale production and segmentation.In addition, panel 7130
λEven modular construction therein one or more reflectors become and can not operate and still guarantee to promote the operational redundancy degree of continuous solar collection in the situation of (for example, reflector is damaged, misalignment).
In one aspect of the invention, the receiver 7120 in exemplary collector 7100
1To 7120
2Can comprise photovoltaic (PV) module, described photovoltaic module promotes power conversion (light is transformed into electricity), and it also can gather in the crops heat energy (for example, via the coiled pipe that makes Fluid Circulation with heat that the receiver place that is absorbed in the supporting construction that is attached to described PV module forms).Should be appreciated that receiver 7120
1And 7120
2In each or can comprise the PV module with hot harvesting apparatus, the hot harvesting apparatus that does not have the PV module or both as the roughly arbitrary receiver in the solar collector described in this specification.Receiver 7120
1To 7120
2But electrical interconnection and be connected to power network or other solar collector in disparate receiver.When receiver comprised the heat energy harvesting system, a plurality of receivers that described system can cross in disparate solar collector connected.
Figure 1B graphic extension focuses on receiver 7120
γOn exemplary institute focused beam 7122, it can be implemented in receiver 7120
1Or 7120
2In or in arbitrary other receiver described in this specification.The light pattern 7122 that focuses on shows inhomogeneities, and wherein wider section is positioned near the end points of described pattern or is positioned at described end points place.The focal zone of the top, end points district of described pattern and the diffusion more of below is usually located away from its focal length a little because of reflector and is occurred.
Next discuss the details of exemplary solar collector 7100 and element thereof.
Fig. 2 graphic extension exemplary consists of reflector 7135, and it is called solar energy groups of vanes component in this article.Solar reflector 7135 is included in and is bent into parabolic shape on longitudinal direction 7208 or runs through shape and keep smooth reflecting element 7205 on horizontal direction 7210.The bending of this kind of reflecting element 7205 promotes the reflection in order to the line segment that light is focused on the focus place that is arranged in that formed parabola runs through.Should be appreciated that, the length of described section line is consistent with the width of reflecting element 7135.Reflecting material 7205 can be roughly arbitrary lower cost materials, for example metallicity thin slice, thin glass reflector, be coated on the high reflective film material on plastics, wherein said film (for example has the optical property that defines in advance, (for example absorb unsuccessfully in the scope of specific wavelength, 514nm green laser or 647nm red laser)) or the engineering properties that defines in advance, as the low elasticity constant so that stress patience etc. to be provided.
In exemplary reflector 7135, be attached to six ribs 7215 of frame beam 7225
1To 7215
3Reflecting element 7205 is bent into parabolic shape.For this purpose, ribs has disparate size and is additional to disparate position in beam 225 so that abundant parabola profile to be provided: external rib 7215
3Have than rib 7215
2Second highly large the first height, this second aspect ratio internal rib 7215
1The third high degree large.Should be appreciated that, can adopt one group of N(greater than three positive integer) individual ribs comes supporting reflex element 7205.It should be noted that and to make ribs to provide support and commensurate structure variation and environmental fluctuating with the roughly arbitrary material with sufficient rigidity.Can be at least in part based on the engineering properties of reflecting element 7205, manufacturing cost consideration etc. determine ribs number N and material (for example, plastics, metal, carbon fiber).
Can utilize in order to (for example, ribs 7215 with ribs
1To 7215
3) be attached to the various technology of frame beam 7225.In addition, (for example, ribs 7215 for ribs
1To 7215
3) can come fixing reflecting element 7205 by various configurations; For example, as illustrated in exemplary reflector 7135, ribs can be clamped reflecting element 205.In one aspect of the invention, can be with ribs 7215
1To 7215
3Be fabricated to the part of frame beam 7225.In another aspect, can be with ribs 7215
1To 7215
3Clip in frame beam 7225, this have advantages of at least provide be convenient to keep in repair and adjust the reflection reconfigure.More on the one hand in, ribs 7215
1To 7215
3Can slide and be in place along frame beam 7225.
Recessed connector 7235 promotes exemplary reflector 7135 is coupled to main structural framework 7115 in exemplary solar collector 7100.
Should be appreciated that, the shape of one or more elements in exemplary reflector 7135 can be different from illustrated shape.For instance, reflecting element 7205 can adopt shapes such as square, ellipse, circle, triangle.Frame beam 7225 can have the cross sectional shape (for example, circular, oval, triangle) of non-rectangle; Therefore can adapt to connector 7235.
Fig. 3 A is that solar reflector 7135 is to the attached chart 7300 of main brace summer 7115.As illustrated in exemplary parabolic solar collector 7100, seven reflectors 7135 are placed in apart from the focal length place of receiver 7120 γ, wherein γ=1,2.Reflector 7135 has the same focal length by design, and therefore light beam will be focused in line segment (for example, focal line).The fluctuation of attached condition (for example, the variation of the aligning of reflector) causes reflecting and is positioned to can be rectangular shape than the slightly long or slightly short distance of focal length and the light beam image that therefore is projeced on receiver 120.Should be appreciated that, in this kind configuration of reflector, receiver 7120
γThe V-arrangement pattern of the dot pattern of the pattern of upper institute focused beam and the institute's focused light that obtains by conventional parabolic reflector or the collected light that formed by conventional reflector (it is along the second inswept parabola section in parabola path) is roughly different.
Perhaps, on the one hand in, can or run through in straight line configuration in design, solar reflector 7135 is attached to main brace summer 7135, but not be placed in apart from receiver 7120
γThe same focal length place.The chart 7350 of this kind of Fig. 3 B graphic extension attachment arrangement.Attachment wire on line 7355 graphic extension support frames 7135.
Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B be the configuration 400 of graphic extension exemplary single collector and exemplary dual collector layout 450 respectively.In Fig. 4 A, schematically present beam pattern in receiver 120 γ, described beam pattern is roughly even, its medium and small distortion but not those distortions of being associated with fluctuation cause the rectangular light projection.Yet this kind uniformity is that the cost with limited collection area obtains; For example, two reflector panels 7130
1To 7130
2Have seven formation reflectors in each panel.
Fig. 4 B graphic extension utilizes two receivers 7120
1To 7120
2Exemplary gatherer configuration 7450, (for example, each has four reflector panels 7130 of seven formation reflectors to described two receivers by larger area
1To 7130
4) promote the essence of solar collection to increase.Configuration 7450 provides at least two advantages in single collector configuration 7400: (i) the many radiation passbands of twice are collected in the dual collector configuration, and (ii) keep the essence uniformity of institute's focused beam in the single collector configuration.Utilize exemplary reflector arrangements 7450 in exemplary solar collector 7100.
It should be noted that and implement the substantial distortion that the collection area large equally with arranging collection area in 7450 can cause institute's focused beam pattern in single collector configuration.In particular, for having the large formation reflector array large tracts of land gatherer of (it comprises roughly the external reflector away from receiver), can form " bowknot " distortion.Therefore, overcome by the advantage that is associated with uniform irradiation the complexity that is derived from the increase that utilizes the second receiver and associated circuits and active element.Fig. 5 graphic extension focuses on to be positioned at has arraying bread board 7130
1To 7130
4The center configuration of solar collector in receiver 7510 on " bowknot " distortion of light.
The chart 7600 of the typical slight distortion that Fig. 6 graphic extension can proofread and correct before disposing solar collector or can adjust during institute's scheduling maintenance session.(for example, panel 130 can to pass through reflector panel
1) in consist of the position of reflector or solar energy wing plate the whole Δ θ of ditty proofread and correct this kind distortion in the image that focuses on receiver 7610 (it can be implemented in receiver 7120
1Or 7120
2In).Described adjustment aim is the attached angle φ of panel that changes to central supporting beam 7130.This adjustment can be considered as φ is changed to from the value of 3.45 degree the rotation " distortion " of 3.45 ± Δ θ.Perhaps, or in addition, the second attached angle φ (frame beam 225 and contain angle between the plane of main brace summer 115) can be reconfigured for φ ± Δ α, wherein Δ α＜＜φ.(usually, φ is 10 degree).The result of position adjustment is with (for example, panel 7130 by indivedual usual reflector panels
1) the light beam line displacement that forms to be to shine more equably receiver 7120 further to utilize the advantage of PV battery behavior.The chart 7700 through the adjustment example of shown distortion pattern in Fig. 7 graphic extension chart 7600.
(for example, receiver 7120 for the photovoltaic receiver of collecting the daylight that is used for power conversion (for example, light is transformed into electricity) for Fig. 8
1Or 7120
2) the chart of exemplary embodiment 7800.In embodiment 7800, described receiver comprises the module of photovoltaic (PV) battery, for example, and PV module 7810.7820 groups, PV battery or be clustered in and aim at (for example, referring to Figure 1B) on the direction of institute's focused beam.In addition, 7820 groups, PV battery or PV active element are arranged to N and consist of battery and capable the trooping of M, and wherein the formation PV battery in delegation is electrically connected in series and several rows electrical connection in parallel; N and M are positive integer.In exemplary embodiment 7800, N=8 and M=3.This kind aligning and electrical connectivity can be utilized the aspect of PV battery, and for example, vertical many knot (VMJ) batteries focus on receiver (for example, 7120 to utilize uniquely
1Or 7120
2) on narrow beam of light so that electricity output is maximum.It should be noted that the VMJ battery is one chip (for example, integrally engaging) and directed along specific direction, described direction is usually consistent with the crystal axis of the semiconductive material that consists of described VMJ battery.Should be appreciated that, the PV battery that utilizes in PV module 7810 can be roughly arbitrary solar cell, such as solar cells made of crystalline silicon, crystallization germanium solar cells, based on III to the semi-conductive solar cell of V family, based on the solar cell of copper gallium selenium, solar cell, amorphous silicon battery, film serial connection solar cell, three-joint solar cell, nano-structured solar cell etc. based on copper indium diselenide.
Should be appreciated that, the exemplary embodiment 7800 of PV receiver comprises that the coiled pipe 7830 that can be used for making fluid or liquid coolant circulation is to collect heat for following at least two purposes: (1) operate in optimum temperature range troop or organize in PV battery 7820 because the PV battery efficiency is along with the temperature rising and demote; And (2) utilize described heat as the source of heat energy.On the one hand, can optimize the pattern of heat extraction and dispose coiled pipe 7830.Can realize disposing (for example, referring to Fig. 9 A) in the material that comprise the PV receiver by at least in part the part of coiled pipe 7830 being embedded in.
Fig. 9 A is to Fig. 9 B graphic extension receiver 7120
γChart 7900 and 7950, its housing 7910 is attached to described receiver.Shell 7910 can go along with sb. to guard him installation, maintenance safeguard the mankind agency of solar collector 100 or the operator with the temperature of the rising avoiding being exposed to the light beam of focusing and be associated.Shell 7910 comprises crosses over receiver 7120
γIn the PV battery derive the passive heat air-flow in order to reduce the exhaust nozzle 7915 of the accumulation of institute's heat of aggregation air that can make the light beam distortion that arrives described PV module.Draining or reducing of hot air layer causes higher electricity output.Can improve by the little active cooling fan of interpolation in nozzle 7915 and drain.
Figure 10 focuses on receiver 7120
γOn the reproduction 8000 of beam pattern 7122, described receiver comprises PV active element (illuminated) and coiled pipe 7830.The pattern fluctuation is visible; For instance, beam pattern 7122 is narrower in the central area of receiver 120 γ, and broadens towards the end of receiver 7120.This kind pattern form makes us recalling " bowknot " distortion of above discussing.Should be appreciated that, can by as the various layouts of the PV battery hereinafter discussed alleviate the illeffects to performance that this type of fluctuation or distortion by beam pattern 7122 cause.
Figure 11 A is to the exemplary embodiment of Figure 11 B demonstration according to the PV module of some aspects of the present invention.In Figure 11 A in illustrated embodiment 8140, the PV receiver is made by metallic plate 8145, PV module 8150(is for example) be attached on described metallic plate by the conduction of epoxy or other heat or electric insulation adhesive material, adhesive tape or similar grafting material, or adhere in addition in the metal surface of described receiver.In illustrated embodiment 8140, PV module 8150 comprises N=4 layout that consists of battery, show as square block, and M=4 is capable.In embodiment 8140, the PV module comprises six cavitys 8148 with described PV module or bolt or be fastened to supporting construction, and for example post 7110.In addition, illustrated embodiment 1100 comprises four extra clamp structures 8152.
In shown exemplary embodiment 8180, PV module 8190 is made by metallic plate 8185 in Figure 11 B, and trooping of PV battery 8150 is deployed on described metallic plate.As mentioned above, described trooping comprises that N=4 consists of battery, show as square block, and M=4 is capable, and described metallic plate comprises four clamp structures 8152.On the one hand, in embodiment 8180, the metallic plate that forms the PV module embodies and can allow Fluid Circulation to pass aperture 8192 to be used for causing described PV module to turn cold or the semi-open shell of heat energy results.Should be appreciated that, in embodiment 8180, described PV module does not comprise heat results or chilling unit, for example coiled pipe 7830 or other conduit, but PV module 8190 can or be coupled with refrigeration or the unit assembling of heat results as described below.
Figure 12 shows according to some aspects of the present invention can mechanically be coupled to PV module (showing) with the embodiment of the channelizing heat collection device 8200 that extracts therefrom heat in Figure 12.Active cooling or heat transmission medium can be embodied in the fluid that passes a plurality of (Q) passages or conduit 8210 circulations, and wherein Q is positive integer.Can be in individual metals sheet (for example, Al or Cu sheet, or have arbitrary material of high thermoconductivity) machining channelizing heat collection device 8200.On the one hand, the first aperture 8240 can allow coolant fluid admission passage heat-transmission amount gatherer and the second aperture to allow described coolant fluid discharging.Aperture 8220 or 8230 allows channelizing heat collection device 8200 fastening (for example, bolt tightening or bolt) to PV module (not shown).Can there be additional fasteners 8252 so that can be attached to the PV module.It should be noted that and to put on the open surface of channelizing heat collection device 8200 to close and seal channel gatherer 8200, in order to prevent the leakage of coolant fluid covering hard thin slice (not shown); The hard thin slice of described covering can be supported by the ridge 8254 in the inner surface of channelizing heat collection device 8200.The hard thin slice of described covering can be to utilize by circulation and passes the thermoelectric material of heat of fluid results of described channelizing heat collection device to produce the extra electricity that can replenish through the electricity output of cooling PV module.Perhaps or in addition, but the attached thermoelectric device of the described hard cover sheet of thermo-contact replenishes electricity to produce.
Channelizing heat collection device 8200 is modular, is that it can mechanically be coupled to disparate PV module (for example 8180) once with results heat energy and cooling irradiated PV module.At least one advantage of the modularized design of channelizing heat collection device 8200 is that it can recycle after PV module operation end-of-life effectively and practically; For example, when the electric current of PV module service cost benefit is exported unsuccessfully, described PV module can be dismantled and new PV module can be fastened to described channelizing gatherer from described channelizing gatherer.Another advantage at least of channelizing heat collection device is can select at least in part to serve as the fluid of heat transmission medium to adapt to the specific heat load and effectively to cause the disparate PV module with different irradiance or photon flux operation to turn cold.
On the one hand, the PV element can with close and the surperficial relative surface of the hard cover sheet of seal channel gatherer 8200 on directly join described channelizing gatherer to.Therefore, described channelizing gatherer is as the supporting bracket of PV battery, and it provides cooling or heat extraction simultaneously.It should be noted that and one group of channelizing gatherer 8200 can be fastened to supporting construction to form the PV receiver; For instance, 7120
1At least one advantage of the modular arrangements of described group of channelizing gatherer 8200 is when the PV element joins each gatherer in described group and one or more PV elements in gatherer to and breaks down, can individually replace affected PV element and support passage gatherer, and can not produce harm to the operation of the disparate gatherer in described group of channelizing gatherer 8200 and the PV battery that is associated.
Figure 13 A can be the active PV element of a part of PV module 7810 or any other PV module described herein by three exemplary sights via the irradiation of the solar collection of parabolic solar collector 7100 to Figure 13 C graphic extension.In one aspect of the invention, described active PV element be one chip (for example, integrally engage), the structure of axial orientation, it comprises that the one group of N(N that is connected in series is positive integer) individual formation or unit solar cell (for example, based on the solar cell of silicon, based on the solar cell of GaAs, based on solar cell or the nano-structured solar cell of Ge).Described group of N solar cell is illustrated as piece 8325.Described solar cell produces series voltage along the axle Z8302 of described structure
Δ V wherein
CFor consisting of cell voltage.Indivedual PV batteries are with the low-voltage produce power; Most of battery output 0.5V.Therefore, for producing essence electric power, in view of available low-voltage, electric current is often higher.Yet substantial current flows can cause the power loss that showing that is associated with series resistance, because this kind power loss and I
2Proportional, wherein I is the electric current that transports by series resistance.Correspondingly, the power loss of system-level is along with high electric current and low-voltage can increase fast.The latter causes utilizing the solar energy conversion designs of the solar cell that interconnects with configured in series to increase Voltage-output.
Vertical many knot (VMJ) solar cells of structure 8325 expression exemplary.In the one side of VMJ solar cell, consist of solar cell along stacking one group N of direction of growth Z 8302, each consists of battery and have the p doped layer near the first interface of described battery and disparate battery, and have the n doped layer near the second interface, wherein said first and second interface is perpendicular to the plane of described direction of growth Z 8302.The VMJ battery on the other hand in, under typical operation conditions, 1cm
2The VMJ solar cell exportable near 25 volts because usually N-40 formation battery is connected in series.Therefore, eight VMJ solar cells that are electrically connected in series can produce near 200V.In addition, being connected in series of formation solar cell when the VMJ solar cell is not shone equably in described VMJ solar cell can cause low current condition or consist of the open loop state that solar cells cause fault when not illuminated when one or more in described VMJ solar cell, when irradiation (for example, formation solar cell) produced the battery limitation of minimum current amount usually because the electric current of the chain of the electric active element that is connected in series output.Under uneven irradiation, the output of the electric power that produces is roughly depended on and is incident on described VMJ battery or the details of the collected light on arbitrary or arbitrary active PV element roughly.Therefore, should note, will with VMJ solar cell that interconnected in series is provided or roughly the mode of the uniform irradiation of arbitrary or arbitrary active PV element (for example, film serial connection solar cell, based on the solar cell of crystal semiconductor, based on the solar cell of amorphous semiconductor, based on the solar cell of nanostructure) design solar collector.
Figure 13 A shows that the illustrative institute focused beam 8305 of oblate shape wherein covers the exemplary sight 8300 on the whole surface of PV elements 8325.Therefore, irradiation is regarded as the best.Figure 13 B present be output as suboptimum (due to the part irradiation that consists of solar cell (being expressed as rectangle) in PV active element 8325) with respect to electric power or energy exemplary sight 8330-for example, unit or the whole width that consists of solar cell shine unsuccessfully by focal area 8335.Figure 13 C be operating trouble (for example, the zero output situation) exemplary sight 8340, because the subgroup failure of the formation solar battery group in the 8345 irradiation PV active elements 8325 of focal area, and therefore electric power is output as zero (because of the place's no-voltage appearance of not irradiated formation solar cell).
Figure 14 shows the drawing 14 by the computer simulation of the distribution of the light of exemplary parabola collector 7100 collections.Described simulation (the ray trace model that for example, can comprise the optical property of reflecting material 7205) is emerging in (perpendicular to the axle of VMJ battery) and the non-homogeneous light pattern on orthogonal direction X 8407 on direction Y 8405.The specific stretch characteristics in optical focus zone is derived from the distribution of position around the focus of a plurality of reflectors that comprise solar collector (for example, solar collector 7100) (for example, reflector 7135); Described a plurality of reflector is created in stacked a plurality of, the relatively out-of-alignment image in described receiver place.Should be appreciated that, (for example, panel 7130 when the area of collecting
1To 7130
4Area) increase and when adding extra reflection mirror or reflector, the light that is distributed in the focus place can become more and more inhomogeneous.
In addition, Figure 14 presents the chart 8450 that a pair of VMJ battery 8455 of graphic extension is described the location and aimed at respect to the exemplary of the optical imagery (for the lead tone) of solar collector (for example, 100) generation; Image in chart 8450 is identical with image in chart 8400.Can be on the side of VMJ battery 8455 add one or more VMJ batteries or any or any PV active element roughly along direction Y 8405; For example, the direction that is parallel to the back timber in support frame 7130; Usually, the pattern of VMJ battery or configuration will be the layouts that the main shaft (axle that for example, is parallel to direction Y 8405) that makes the optical imagery that passes institute's focused beam has reflection symmetry.
It should be noted that in producing the solar collector of heat energy, do not affect performance by this inhomogeneities of simulation and forecast and the experimentally irradiation of observation, because heat energy is integrated in effectively in irradiation hot receiver (for example, back install coiled pipe 7830).Yet, when being positioned near the focal track (for example, point or line) of collected light when the PV battery, uneven irradiation can cause the part of PV battery relatively poor irradiation (for example, referring to Figure 13 A to Figure 13 C) and so roughly reduce the power conversion performance; For example, reduce the electric power output of one group of PV battery in the PV module.
Should be appreciated that, the solar collector that discloses in the present invention (for example, solar collector 7100) is designed to the interior space wave (for example, the change in size of various structural details) of structure of tolerant structure.In addition, the solar collector that discloses (for example, 7100) is the tolerable environmental fluctuating also, the daily temperature gradient of (i) essence for example, and it has weather conditions (for example, Nevada, USA like the desert; The Colorado; Australia is northern etc.) and some of the serious storm situations such as image height speed wind-force and hail dispose the place and can be common event.Should easily understand, environmental fluctuating can roughly affect constructional aspect, and roughly the stress of arbitrary type can make the daylight that focuses on from designed focal track or focal track skew intentionally in addition.Described fluctuation or variation make some parts displacement up or down on the short-axis direction of the brace summer of solar receiver of institute's focused light pattern usually, and displacement to the left or to the right on the long axis direction of described brace summer vertical center line.By with the PV active element (for example, VMJ solar cell, three-joint solar cell) 7820 be positioned intentionally the focus light pattern (for instance, the light pattern overlapping with the PV cell pattern) optimum position in (for example, the position that is called off the record " dessert ") locate, the PV active element can alleviate the adverse effect that is associated with this type of variation of light pattern, even because also can keep illuminated in the situation that optical focus may be shifted.
As described below, can guarantee that the light incident on the PV element roughly configures or arrange described PV element with the irrelevant layout of the fluctuation of optical focus.In one aspect of the invention, directed PV battery is (for example on receiver by as described below, the VMJ solar cell), roughly the focusing track is (for example in the output of parabolic solar collector system 7100, point, line or arc) uneven irradiation located has elasticity, because the per unit battery in the VMJ battery can make at least a portion of its lateral areas section (for example, width) illuminated; For example, referring to Figure 13 B and associated descriptions.Correspondingly, VMJ solar cell or roughly any or any PV active element will be directed in the following manner: wherein it is connected in series with the major axis (for example, Y 8405) of optical imagery and aims at.
Figure 15 A can be used for the cluster configurations of VMJ solar cell of power conversion or the example of layout in Figure 15 C graphic extension parabolic solar collector 7100.When the VMJ solar cell is mentioned in following explanation, should note and roughly the same mode to configure other alternative or extra PV active element (for example, film serial connection solar cell).Figure 15 A shows that capable three of K=2 that have of VMJ solar cell troop 8520
1To 8520
3Or go here and there 8535
1And 8535
2, every delegation comprises M=8 VMJ battery, it is connected in series and each can comprise near 40 formation solar cells.Troop 8520
1To 8520
3By electric wire or negative voltage bus 8560 and positive voltage bus connection (also referring to Figure 16).Pass through and be connected in parallel to increase electric current output.Should note, consider based on design at least in part, the number M(positive integer of the VMJ battery in the delegation in trooping) can be greater than or less than eight, described design is considered (for example can comprise business, cost, stock, purchase order) and technical elements (for example, battery efficiency, battery structure) both.For instance, troop 8520
1To 8520
3Can be to draw by each design that produces the VMJ battery generation Δ V=200V of 25V from target.Equally, can according to initial with focus on day optical receiver 7120
γOn the space of light beam stretch relevant design restriction and determine the K(positive integer) (also referring to Figure 14).Trooping through being connected in series of VMJ battery.Electric wire 8524 is routed on the dorsal part of day optical receiver.
As described previously, the light that focuses on is often inhomogeneous towards the length (directed along Y 8405 directions) of the more described receiver of end span of institute's focus pattern.Therefore, on the one hand in, can add in " division " layout and additionally troop, wherein four VMJ batteries are to being positioned at an end place, and other four VMJ solar cells are to making up the balance of trooping that is positioned at other end place.This " division is trooped " is configured in one and troops in (in the one that arbitrary end punishment is split) but not comprehesive property in troop at 2 (one at each end place).Dorsal part that can be by passing described receiver and along the electric wire 8560 of the dorsal part wiring of described receiver interconnect that described division troops 2 half.
Figure 15 B graphic extension wherein configures three row 8565
1To 8565
3The layout 8530 of PV active element.Configuration comprises that three PV that connect by electric wire or bus 8560 troop 8550
1To 8550
3(also referring to Figure 16).The spatial distribution of described PV active element is usually wide than the expection spatial distribution of institute's focused light pattern; Can estimate this kind width by the simulation as those simulations of presenting in Figure 14.Can implement to configure 8530 when the cost of PV active element (for example, VMJ solar cell) is feasible.This kind configuration can keep structural fluctuation, make the system that wants (for example, the solar collector 7100) tolerance limit of undesirable property (for example, scale error) and structure displacement because its provide for the light through being shifted fall thereon than the general objective area.In this configuration sight, introduce extra VMJ solar-electricity pool area by introducing the third line, the part in described zone may be not illuminated and this be non-operational; Yet, obtain operation (for example, the net increase of illuminated area and therefore to configure at least one advantage of 8530 be to utilize more radiation.Should be appreciated that, utilize larger VMJ solar cell floor space and larger light beam floor space relative cost effectiveness or compromise at least in part according to solar collector 7100 structures and respective element (for example, speculum) relative cost and efficient relative cost and the efficient to PV active element (for example, VMJ battery).
Figure 15 C graphic extension exemplary configuration 8580, wherein having trooping of disparate structure can adjust according to expection (referring to Figure 14) spatial variations of institute's focused beam pattern; For example, the change width of the direction X 8407 of the institute focusedimage of edge on the whole length of receiver.
Troop for adjusting PV active element layout, can changing on width (number that for example, can adjust VMJ solar cell parallel in a string or row on the whole length of receiver).On the one hand, side group collection 8582
1And 8582
3Comprise K=3 capable 8585
1To 8585
3, and every delegation has M=8 PV element, and the center troops 8580
2Can be K=2 capable, for example the PV active element wide 8595
1And 8595
2Troop 8582
1To 8582
3Be connected in parallel by electric wire or positive voltage bus 8590.
In exemplary configuration sight 8500,8530 and 8580 and utilization be connected in series in string the PV active element (for example, the VMJ solar cell) in arbitrary configuration, the PV element that the performance of trooping is had lowest performance affects, because this kind element is the electric current output bottleneck in being connected in series, for example, electric current output is reduced to the electric current output of the poorest PV active element of performance.Therefore, be Optimal performance, the string of PV active element can be currents match based under the condition (for example, wavelength and aggregation intensity) of those expection normal operating conditions that roughly the are similar to solar energy collector system performance characterization that carries out in test envelope.
In addition, can the geometric ways arrange current string of coupling produce to optimize electric power.For instance, (for example, row 8565 when three strings
1To 8565
3) be connected in parallel to form when trooping, (for example, row 8565 for middle string
2) can comprise the currents match PV active element of peak performance, because the optimum position of the light beam of the collection that middle string may be positioned to focus on or optical imagery.In addition, the top string (for example, 8565
1) can be the second string of putting up the best performance, and bottom string (for example, 8565
3) can be the 3rd string of putting up the best performance.In this kind layout, when described image upward displacement, described top and middle string can be fully illuminated, and the bottom string may partly be shone, thereby provide than electric power output high when the light beam image that focuses on is shifted downwards, therefore fully in the middle of irradiation and bottom string and the top string is partly shone.When the PV active element (for example, when roughly all cluster configurations VMJ battery) are positioned at the top string for the relatively poor PV active element of performance is arranged in bottom line, the battery that behaves oneself best is arranged in described layout centre and the inferior element that behaves oneself best, can adopt for adjusting collector panel (for example, 7130
1To 7130
4) the position with the tracing system system of the position of sun-tracing (for example, system 8700) at least in part adjust wherein collector panel or the configuration of reflector, make the light beam focusedimage in collector operating period towards receiver (for example, 7120
γ) top displacement in case make electricity output maximum-for example, centre and top row in preferential illumination configuration 8530.In addition or or, can adopt described tracing system adjust wherein collector panel or the position of reflector so that the PV element therein in PV module (for example, 7810) is not currents match or otherwise makes in the sight of coupling energy conversion performance or electricity output maximum.
Should be appreciated that, the battery sizes of configuration or pattern or PV active element (for example, length and width) and shape are not limited to Figure 15 A illustrated those sizes and shape or general those sizes and shape of discussing above in Figure 15 C.Solar cell size and shape can change to be matched with by various may speculums or the light pattern of the gathering that produces of reflector, structure.In addition, the layout of PV element or configuration can be straight line, square, bowknot, arc or other pattern specific characteristic or the aspect to utilize described PV element; For instance, the characteristic of the one chip of VMJ solar cell, axial orientation.
Figure 16 A makes it possible to two exemplary cluster configurations of PV battery of the change of active correction institute focused beam light pattern according to aspect described herein to Figure 16 B graphic extension.Exemplary cluster configurations 8600 and 8650 makes it possible to the variation on institute's focus pattern (its by shaded block 8605 expression) of the collected daylight of passive adjustment.In exemplary configuration 8600, troop 8610 for three
1To 8610
3Light beam 8605 by the collection that focuses in the initial configuration of solar collector (for example, 7100) shines.The output of electricity that each is trooped is electrically connected to+V(for example ,+200V) voltage bus 8676.Equally, electric wire 8677 is for sharing the negative voltage bus.In one or more alternate embodiments or configuration, be accomplished to the connection of bus 8626 by block diode; For instance, in the configuration 8680 in Figure 16 C, respectively in bus 8626 and module 8610
1, 8610
2And 1610
3Output between insert block diode 8684,1886 and 8688.The current reflux that block diode can stop bus 8626 is to for non-functional or during the PV of perform poor (because of internal fault or lack irradiation) troops.Each is trooped and comprises two row (M=2) of eight (N=8) PV elements.After variation occurring, for example, structural change or fault condition begin (for example, the breakage of reflecting element (for example, 7205)), and the light beam 8605 that focuses on can arrive receiver (for example, 7120 with displacement at once
1) on; As by in graphic to open arrow illustrated, the institute's focus pattern 8605 that can be shifted to one side and therefore it can stop irradiation and troops 8610
1In first pair of 8615PV active element being connected in parallel.For preventing because first pair of 8615PV element lacks the thing followed open loop state that irradiation causes, can troop 8610 with PV
3Be adjacent to put additional or redundancy to PV battery 8620 and with its with 8615 parallel connections are electrically connected to; Electrical connection is by electric wire 8622 and 8624 graphic extensions.Correspondingly, additional irradiation to 8620 causes trooping 8610
1Even closed circuit configuration and the light beam 8615 that focuses on be subjected to displacement and also keep its power conversion performance.
In exemplary configuration 8650, troop 8610 for three
1To 8610
3Light beam 8605 by the collection that focuses in the initial configuration of solar collector (for example, 7100) shines.Even additional or redundancy battery also keeps the performance of module 86603 to 8670 permissions when the displacement (referring to opening arrow) of the light beam 8605 of the collection that focuses on causes the PV battery not illuminated to 8665.As mentioned above, additional PV element 8670 and battery are electrically connected to 8665 parallel connection causes making it possible to trooping 8660 with respect to roughly keeping the PV battery near ideal or desirable illuminate condition
3Performance close current loop (also referring to Figure 13 A to Figure 13 C).Realize being electrically connected in 8670 and 8665 by electric wire 8622 and 8624.The output of electricity that each is trooped is electrically connected to+V(for example ,+200V) voltage bus 8626; In one or more alternate embodiments, be accomplished to the connection of bus 1626 by block diode.
In extra or alternate embodiment, except be electrically connected on additional to 8620 output and PV battery to the second block diode between 8615, can be to 8615 and module 8610
1In second pair of PV battery between be electrically connected in series the first block diode.On the one hand, described the first block diode can be diode 8684, and it can and troop 8610 from bus 8626
1Output disconnect and such as description reconnect.It should be noted that the second block diode is the diode except diode 8684,8686 and 8688.When normal irradiation troops 8610
1To 8610
3The time, for example, collected day light pattern 8605 these three of coverings are trooped, and the first block diode of inserting does not affect troops 8610
1Or whole three operation of trooping the PV module.As mentioned above, balancing cell 8620 in the OR that prevents open loop state arranges be electrically connected to it to 8615.When the PV battery to 8615 because of the displacement of the light pattern 8605 that focuses on when not illuminated, the first block diode prevents that current reflux is to 8615(is performed poor or undesirable condition because of it), and the second block diode allows electric current output to keep illuminated and (and therefore trooping 8610 from additional entering 8620
1In work) the PV battery in.Can realize comprising the similar embodiment of the block diode in configuration 8650.Yet, in this kind embodiment, can troop 8610
3In first (Far Left) PV battery pair and described trooping in residue PV element in again be connected in series after, the first diode is embodied in diode 8688.
It should be noted that for comprising when the VMJ battery and troop 8610
1To 8610
3The time, cause the unnecessary of bypass diode to be connected in the subgroup of the VMJ battery of large reverse bias breakdown voltage in trooping that is associated with described VMJ battery.Yet the PV element (for instance, three-joint solar cell) for non-VMJ battery can comprise this type of bypass diode in each PV troops, and makes the PV element alleviate the non-operational situation that can produce because of the PV element that breaks down.
Because of the PV performance roughly the passive character of the adjustment that produces of the maintained fact-maintained degree of power conversion performance at least in part by additional to 8620 the energy conversion efficiency efficient regulation with respect to PV element 8615.Although the passive adjustment of graphic extension in having single additional right cluster configurations 8600,8650 and 8680 also can adopt larger additional clusters (for example, two pairs) to adapt to the displacement of institute's focused beam pattern.It should be noted that also and can utilize larger redundancy pair in the configuration with block diode with the described roughly the same mode of preamble.On the one hand, what be used for power conversion can comprise balancing cell 8620 and 8670 by one group of PV PV module that forms of trooping, and the light pattern that is focused on to adapt to is along the displacement on the both direction of the axle of described pattern.In addition, can troop 8610
1, 8610
2Or 8610
3Near substitute or additional positions in put additional or redundancy PV battery with at the pattern 8605 that is focused on correct operation passively during at the alternative orientation superior displacement.Should be appreciated that, comprise one or several the additional or operation of redundancy PV battery to allowing to keep larger PV battery to troop; Such as description, single additional PV element is to protecting the whole module of N * M element.
Figure 17 makes it possible to adjust the position of its solar collector or reflector panel so that the block diagram of the exemplary adjustment System 8700 of the performance metric maximum of described solar collector according to aspect described herein.Adjustment System 8700 comprises can be to the monitor assemblies 8720 of the operating data of the described solar collectors of control assembly 8740 supply, the described solar collector of described control assembly capable of regulating or one or one with the position of upper-part in order to make the performance metric that extracts from described operating data maximum.Control assembly 8740(for example can be the computer related entity of hardware, firmware or software or its arbitrary combination) (for example, one or more panels (for example 7130 can to realize solar collector or its part
1To 7130
4) or one or more reflector group components 7135) tracking or the adjustment of position.On the one hand, this kind tracking comprises at least one in the following: (i) collect data by measuring or being linked into the Local or Remote database, (ii) activation motor is to adjust the position of the element in solar collector, or (iii) report the situation of solar collector, power conversion performance metric (for example, output current, the heat that transmits for example ...), the response of controlled element and the roughly diagnosis of arbitrary type.Should be appreciated that, control assembly 8740 can be in adjustment assembly 8710 inside or in its outside, described adjustment assembly itself can be central type or distributed system, and can be embodied in the computer that can comprise processor unit, data and system bus architecture and memory stores device.
Monitor assemblies 8720 can be collected the data that are associated with the performance of solar collector and described data are fed to performance metric generator assembly 8725(in this article also referred to as performance metric generator 8725), described performance metric generator assembly can come assessed for performance tolerance based on described data at least in part.Performance metric can comprise at least one in electric current output, heat energy generation of energy conversion efficiency, power conversion etc.Diagnotic module 8735 can receive the performance metric values that produces and the situation of reporting solar collector.On the one hand, can come with various grade report situations based on the granularity of collected operating data at least in part; For instance, for the data of collecting with the grade of trooping in the PV module, the diagnotic module 8735 grade report situation of can describedly trooping.The situation of reporting can be stored in memory 8760 to produce the historical operation data, described historical operation data can be used for producing operation trend.
At least in part based on the performance metric that produces, but control assembly 1740 drive actuator assemblies 8745 are to adjust at least one in solar collector or its parts (for example, be deployed in one or more panels that form described solar collector one or more reflectors).Control assembly 8740 can be in closing feedback control loop drive actuator assembly 8745 repeatedly, so that one or more performance metrics are maximum: repeatedly locating each time of the position correction that is realized by actuator 8745, control assembly 8740 available signals notices monitor assemblies 8720 collect operating datas and feed back described data with further activation point adjustment until performance metric satisfactorily in predetermined tolerance limit, for example acceptable can threshold value.Should be appreciated that, the position adjustment that is realized by adjustment System 8700 relates to so that the mode of the performance maximum of solar collector focuses on collected daylight in described gatherer.On the one hand, as mentioned above, comprise for the top row in trooping and show the PV module of the array of PV element preferably, tracing system 8700 can be configured to alleviate the image that light beam focuses on and remain in high output scope to guarantee operation towards the displacement of the bottom section of receiver (for example, 7120).
The automatic electric that PV element in one or more PV modules that adjustment assembly 8710 also can allow to utilize in solar collector 8705 or PV element are trooped reconfigures.At least for this purpose, on the one hand in, monitor assemblies 8720 can be collected operating data and be produced one or more performance metrics.The performance metric that monitor assemblies 8720 can produce one or more is transported to control assembly 8740, and the electrical connectivity in one or more a plurality of PV elements of trooping that reconfigurable one or more performance metrics with producing of described control assembly are associated is to keep the performance of being wanted of solar collector 8705.Aspect in, can repeatedly complete electricity and reconfigure by collect continuously performance data via monitor assemblies 8720.Be used for the electric logic (not shown) that configures or reconfigure described described a plurality of PV elements that one or more are trooped and be stored in memory 8760.On the one hand, control assembly 8740 can be by configuration component 8747(its can connect at least each PV element in described a plurality of PV element and turn-off at least each PV element in described a plurality of PV element) realize the electricity configuration of described a plurality of PV elements or reconfigure, or produce extra in each element in described a plurality of PV elements or the replacement circuit footpath provides the favourable electricity of target capabilities to arrange to obtain to provide or approach.In one or more alternate embodiments, can mechanically implement reconfiguring of described a plurality of PV elements by each PV element in mobile a plurality of PV elements.At least one advantage that automatically reconfigures of PV module in solar collector 8705 is, gets involved and operating characteristics is maintained at essence wants grade in the situation that need not the operator; Therefore, adjust assembly 8710 and cause solar collector 8705 self-healings.
Example system 8700 comprises and is configured to give and it gives one or more processors 8750 of institute's representation function of adjusting assembly 8710 and assembly wherein or assembly associated with it at least in part.Except uniprocessor and multiple processor structure etc., processor 8750 can comprise the various ways of realization of computing element, as on-the-spot gating programmable array, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and roughly arbitrary chipset with disposal ability.Should be appreciated that, each in one or more processors 8750 can be centralised element or distributed element.In addition, processor 8750 can by bus functionality be coupled to and adjust assembly 8710 and wherein assembly and memory 8760, described bus can comprise at least one in system bus, address bus, data/address bus or memory bus.Processor 8750 can be carried out the code command (not shown) that is stored in memory 8760 or other memory so that the described functional of example system 8700 to be provided.This type of code command can comprise the whole bag of tricks implemented described in the application's case and at least in part with the functional program module that is associated or software or the firmware application of example system 8700.
Except the code command or logic that monitor in order to realization and control, but memory 1860 retentions are measured the daily record through the adjustment position of report, solar collector, the timestamp that institute's enforcing location is proofreaied and correct etc.
Figure 18 A to Figure 18 B represent according to aspect described herein utilize broad gatherer day optical receiver 8800 the disparate view of embodiment.As illustrated, a day optical receiver 8800 comprises that PV module 8810 groups, each PV module have and is illustrated as foursquare one group of PV and troops; Each group PV troops and joins channelizing gatherer 1240 к to, к=1,2 wherein, 3,4.Channelizing gatherer 8200
1To 8200
4Be fastened to guider 8820, described guider is attached to supporting construction 8825 or is the part of described supporting construction, and described supporting construction can be coupled to the support mast, and for example 7130; Have square sectional although be illustrated as, supporting construction 8825 can be fabricated to and have disparate cross section.Channelizing gatherer 8200
1To 8200
4Can extract heat from PV module 8810 groups.In addition, a day optical receiver 8800 comprises that the open guider 8820(that collects is also referred to as guider 8820), it has lateral section (Figure 18 A) and the rectangular top cross section (Figure 18 B) of opening gradually; Guider 8820 can by metal, pottery or in coated ceramic or founding materials or the visible spectrum in electromagnetic radiation roughly arbitrary solid-state material of tool high reflection make.The outer surface that it should be noted that guider 8820 can be coated with thermoelectric material to be used for power conversion (as the byproduct of the heating of the guider that causes because of incident daylight).As mentioned above, the electricity that the electricity that produces in the thermoelectricity mode can replenish PV module 8810 produces.In addition, guider 8820 can comprise usually at the pars intramuralis of guider 8820 or be embedded in one or more conduits 8815 guider 8820 in, and described conduit can allow the circulation of fluid to gather in the crops to be used for heat; Circulating fluid can be at least a portion that the fluid of channelizing heat collection device 8200 к is passed in circulation.
The advantage of described broadness-gatherer receiver is that the light that is incident in the inwall of broad guider 8820 is reflected in Multi-instance and scattering, and therefore produces the homogenizing of light incident in PV module 8810 groups.It should be noted that daylight directly strikes against in PV module 8810 or can be reflected at the place, inside of guider 8820 and scattering and again being collected after one or more continuous scattering events.The angle that forms in the main side of guider 8820 reaches by channelizing gatherer 8200
1To 8200
4The platform that forms can be stipulated the uniformity of gained light incident in PV module 8810 at least in part.
Figure 19 shows the exemplary alternate embodiment of utilizing the solar receiver 8900 of broad gatherer according to aspect described herein.Guider 8820(shows with cross sectional view) be attached to one group of two heat collection device or heat conveying element 8920
1And 8920
2Therefore each in described heat collection device comprises the channelizing structure roughly the same with 8210, and to operate with the roughly the same mode of channelizing heat collection device 8200.As mentioned above, guider 8820 comprises that the circulation that allows fluid is with the conduit 8930 of the cooling or heat collection that is used for described guider.Equally, the heat collection device 8920
1And 8920
2Have the conduit 8940 that allows cooling fluid to pass through, described cooling fluid is further realized refrigeration and heat results.Heat conveying element 8920
1And 8920
2Be fastened to the supporting bracket 8917 for the part of supporting construction 8915.Although two heat collection devices 8920 of graphic extension
1And 8920
2, but can have the additional heat gatherer in broad gatherer 8900, allow as the size by supporting bracket 8917.Bolt or be fastened to heat collection device 8910
1And 8920
1Be one group of three PV module 8140.Should be appreciated that each in described PV module and the thermo-contact of heat collection device; Yet it does not join on the heat collection device but is fastened to described heat collection device (referring to Figure 11) by clamp structure included in the PV module.In addition, can dispose extra PV module 8140, as by as described in the spatial limitation that applies of each size in the heat collection device permitted.As mentioned above, broad gatherer or receiver 8900 permission light approach and are distributed to equably on PV module 8400 and make it possible to gather in the crops heat energy.In addition, can safeguard separately or replace put each in PV module 8400, wherein running cost and maintenance cost decrease.
Figure 20 graphic extension simulates 9000 because of the ray trace of the lip-deep smooth incident of arriving PV module 8810 that a plurality of reflections on the inner surface of guider 8820 cause.In described simulation, the light ray 9005(of random orientation shows as solid line in the predetermined angle scope) be directed towards described broad gatherer, be shown as appearance profile 9030 and 9020, and can arrive the PV module, be modeled as district 9010.The collection of incident event (for example, the accumulation of the ray on the surface of PV module in arrival mode, as distinguish 9010 illustrated) makes it possible to produce institute's analog detector profile that sxemiquantitative at least ground appears.Figure 21 presents the analog image 9110 of the light of collecting at PV module 8810 places in broadness with guider 2020-gatherer receiver.A plurality of reflections that institute's analog image of collected light appears the inwall place of guider 8820 provide roughly uniformly light to collect, and it can reduce the complexity that in PV module 8810, the PV battery is trooped.
In view of above-mentioned example system and element, the flow chart with reference to Figure 22 in Figure 23 can more preferably be understood the exemplary methods that can implement according to the subject matter that discloses.As indicated above, for the purpose of simplify explaining, exemplary methods is presented and be described as a series of actions; Yet, should understand and understand, the order that the subject matter of describing and asking is not moved limits, because some actions can occur and/or occur simultaneously with other action by the order different from shown and order that describe herein.For instance, should understanding and understand, can be a series of state or events (for example, in state diagram or mutual chart) of being mutually related with the method replacing representation.In addition, enforcement is according to not all illustrated actions of needs of exemplary methods of this specification.In addition, should be further appreciated that hereinafter reaching method that this specification discloses in the whole text can be stored on goods or computer-readable media to promote the method is transported and is sent to computer for carrying out, and therefore implement or be stored in memory for processor.
In particular, Figure 22 presents be used to utilizing paraboloidal reflector to come gathered light with the flow chart of the exemplary methods 9200 that is used for power conversion.At action 9210 places, the assembling paraboloidal reflector.Assembling comprises that the ribs by the different sizes that are attached to brace summer is bent into the reflecting element (for example, thin glass reflector) of otherwise flat the parabola cross section or runs through shape.On the one hand, the reflecting material of original flat is being that rectangle and described brace summer are along the long-axis orientation of described rectangle in shape.Can adopt various materials and attachment members (the integrated option that comprises ribs and beam) to come large-scale production or assemble described paraboloidal reflector.
At action 9220 places, install a plurality of through assembling paraboloidal reflector array in support frame.In every an array, the included number through the assembling paraboloidal reflector depends on the size of wanting of solar collection area at least in part, can determine described size by set effectiveness for collected light at first.In addition, the size of the array uniformity of wanting that also is collected at least in part the beam pattern on focal track in receiver affects.Usually obtain the uniformity of increase by less array size.In one aspect of the invention, paraboloidal reflector is positioned to sentence apart from the same focal length of receiver the uniformity that increases collected light pattern.
At action 9230 places, the position of adjusting each reflector in described a plurality of arrays is gathered in light beam on receiver with optimization.Implement described adjustment in the time of can or utilizing when disposing solar collector in test phase or in production model.In addition, can carry out adjustment when the described solar collector of correlated performance metric operations that produces based on measured operating data and from described data at least in part.Adjust common target and be to obtain even collected light pattern on described receiver, described receiver comprises the PV module for power conversion.Except uniformity, adjust described light pattern so that roughly focusing effect is upper to increase the performance of described module in described PV active element (for example, the solar cell in the PV module).Can automatically perform described adjustment via being installed on the tracing system that in solar collector or functionally is coupled to described solar collector.This automated system can increase the complexity of receiver, because circuit that will installation is associated with control assembly and measurement of correlation device in described receiver is followed the trail of or optimized in order to implement.Yet the performance (assembling configuration because of the best daylight that keeps the reflector in described array causes) of increase that can be by the PV module is offset the cost that is associated with the complexity that increases.
At action 9240 places, configure photovoltaic module according to the pattern of the institute's gathered light in described receiver on described receiver.In one aspect of the invention, due to the torsion distortion of the defective on the reflecting surface of reflector, reflecting surface and at least one in the accumulation etc. of stain in the distortion that is associated, reflecting surface of catoptrical pattern, even the best configuration of institute's installation paraboloidal reflector also can cause focusing on the inhomogeneous shape of the beam pattern on described receiver.Correspondingly, PV battery in the PV module (for example, VMJ, film serial connection solar cell, three-joint solar cell or nano-structured solar cell) can be arranged to have disparate shape troop or unit (Figure 15 A is to Figure 15 C) in order to increase the exposure of collected light and so increase the power conversion performance.In addition, the described PV module of configuration can comprise and puts additional PV element (for example, 1620 or 1670) with displacement or the distortion of the pattern of proofreading and correct passively collected light.
At action 9250 places, hot harvesting apparatus is installed on described receiver collects by light the heat that is produced to collect.In one aspect of the invention, described hot harvesting apparatus can be and makes Fluid Circulation with the flexible metal(lic) conduit of collecting and transport heat or at least one in the channelizing gatherer.In another aspect, described heat energy harvesting apparatus can be and converts heat to electricity to replenish the thermoelectric device of photovoltaic energy conversion.
Figure 23 is in order to the position of the adjusting solar collector flow chart with the exemplary methods 9300 that realizes pre-determined characteristics according to aspect described herein.Can be by adjusting assembly (for example, 8710) or wherein processor or the processor that functionally is coupled to it are implemented target exemplary methods 9300.Although carry out graphic extension for solar collector, exemplary methods 9300 can be through implementing to be used for adjusting the position of one or more paraboloidal reflectors.At action 9310 places, by measuring or at least one from database retrieval collected the performance data of solar collector, described database comprises current and the historical operation data.At action 9320 places, the situation of the described solar collector of report.At action 9330 places, produce performance metric based on described collected performance data at least in part.Performance metric can comprise at least one in electric current output, heat energy generation of energy conversion efficiency, power conversion etc.In addition, can for a cohort collection of PV element in the PV module, for single troop or for troop interior one group one or more consist of the PV element and produce performance metric.At action 9340 places, whether assess performance tolerance is satisfactory.On the one hand, this kind evaluation can based on one group of described performance metric one or more define in advance threshold value, wherein gratifying performance metric is defined as the performance higher than one or more threshold values; Can set up by the operator who administers solar collector described group of one or more threshold values.
When the result indication performance metric of estimating action 9340 when being gratifying, with flow leading to action 9310 to carry out further performance data collection.On the one hand, flow process can be rebooted action 9310 after scheduled wait cycle (for example, one hour, 12 hours, one day) passage.In another aspect, with flow leading before the action 9310, can be to operator's transport messages (for example, via terminating machine or computer), thus whether inquiry needs further performance data to collect.Performance metric is unsatisfactory or during lower than one or more threshold values, 9350 places adjust the position of solar collector and flow process is rebooted action 9310 to carry out further Data Collection in action when the result of estimating action 2340 appears.
Such as in this manual employing, term " processor " can refer to roughly arbitrary calculation processing unit or device, including but not limited to comprising single core processor, have uniprocessor, the polycaryon processor of the multi-thread executive capability of software, the polycaryon processor with the multi-thread executive capability of software, the polycaryon processor with hardware multiwire technology, parallel platform and having the parallel platform of distributed shared memory.In addition, processor can refer to that integrated circuit, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP), field programmable gate array (FPGA), programmable logic controller (PLC) (PLC), complex programmable logic device (CPLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components or its design are used for carrying out arbitrary combination of function described herein.Processor can utilize nano-scale architectures, such as but not limited to transistor, switch and the door based on molecule and quantum dot, in order to optimize the performance that subscriber's installation was used or strengthened in the space.Also processor can be embodied as the combination of calculation processing unit.
In this manual, terms such as " storage ", " data storage ", " data storage device ", " database " and refer to " memory assembly " to the operation of assembly and functional relevant roughly arbitrary out of Memory memory module or be embodied in the entity in " memory " or form the assembly of described memory.Should be appreciated that, memory assembly as herein described can be volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, maybe can comprise volatile memory and nonvolatile memory both.
The infinite mode by illustration, nonvolatile memory can comprise read-only memory (ROM), programming ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM(EPROM), the erasable ROM(EEPROM of electronics) or flash memory.Volatile memory can comprise the random-access memory (ram) that serves as external cache.The infinite mode by illustration, RAM can possess many kinds of forms, for example synchronous random access memory (SRAM), dynamic ram (DRAM), synchronous dram (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM(DDR SDRAM), enhancement mode SDRAM(ESDRAM), synchronization link (Synchlink) DRAM(SLDRAM) and direct Ram bus RAM(DRRAM).In addition, the set memory including but not limited to comprising these and any other suitable type of the memory assembly of system disclosed herein or method.
But Application standard programming and/or engineering design technology are embodied as a kind of method, equipment or goods with various aspects as herein described or feature.In addition, also can make up the various aspects implementing to disclose in this specification by other of the program module that is stored in memory and carried out by processor or hardware and software or hardware and firmware.Set the including of term used herein " goods " can be from the computer program of arbitrary computer readable device, carrier or medium access.For instance, computer-readable media (for example can include but not limited to magnetic storage device, hard disc, floppy disc, magnetic stripe ...), CD (for example, compact disk (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), Blu-ray disc (BD) ...), smart card and flash memory device (for example, card, rod, key drive ...).
Specific for by performed various functions such as said modules, device, circuit, systems, unless indication is separately arranged, otherwise arbitrary assembly of the set predetermined function corresponding to carrying out the assembly of describing of term (comprising quoting " member ") that be used for to describe this class component (for example, functional equivalent), even it structurally is not equal to the structure of the function in execution this paper of disclosing illustrated exemplary aspect.In this regard, it will also be appreciated that various aspects comprise system and have computer-readable media for the computer executable instructions of the action of carrying out the whole bag of tricks and/or event.
" exemplary " used word is used for meaning " as example, example or illustration " herein.The either side or the design that are described as " exemplary " herein all may not be interpreted as than other side or be designed to good or favourable.In addition, example is only to provide for the purpose of clear and understanding and is not to plan to limit the present invention or its relevant portion in arbitrary mode.Should be appreciated that, originally can present numerous extra or alternate example, but for simple and clear purpose with its omission.
Content as described above comprises example of the present invention.Certainly, can not describe for describing purpose of the present invention each combination that can conceive of each assembly or method, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that to have many other combinations of the present invention and arrangement.Correspondingly, the present invention set include all this type of still belong to the spirit of appended claims and change, modification and the variation in scope.In addition, " comprise (includes) " with regard to this detailed description or terminology in claims, the mode that comprises of described term is set be similar to term " comprise (comprising) " when being used as adversative in claims " comprising (comprising) " explained like that.
Claims (10)
1. solar collector is characterized in that it comprises:
A plurality of paraboloidal reflector arrays, wherein each paraboloidal reflector comprises the reflecting element that is bent into groove shape via the one group of ribs that is attached to frame beam;
One or more receivers, it collects light from described a plurality of paraboloidal reflector arrays, and described gatherer comprises at least one of the photovoltaic module of power conversion or heat energy harvesting system; And
Adjustment System, its in order to optimize collect the collected light in each described one or more receivers of light from described a plurality of paraboloidal reflector arrays the light intensity distributions of pattern so that the performance metric of described solar collector is maximum, wherein said performance metric be electric energy produce or heat energy aborning at least one.
2. solar collector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that wherein said photovoltaic module comprises one group of photovoltaic cell and troops, it is through arranging to utilize best described collected light, the described photovoltaic cell that described cohort is concentrated comprises solar cells made of crystalline silicon, crystallization germanium solar cells, based on III to the semi-conductive solar cell of V family, based at least one in the solar cell of copper gallium selenium, solar cell, amorphous silicon battery, film serial connection solar cell, three-joint solar cell or nano-structured solar cell based on copper indium diselenide.
3. solar collector according to claim 2 is characterized in that wherein said group of photovoltaic cell each photovoltaic cell in trooping is one chip and along the orientation perpendicular to the specific axis on the plane of containing described photovoltaic module.
4. solar collector according to claim 2 is characterized in that troop a plurality of photovoltaic cells of one or more row of comprising to be connected in series electric coupling of each in trooping of wherein said group of photovoltaic cell.
5. solar collector according to claim 4, it is characterized in that at least one in described a plurality of photovoltaic cells of wherein said one or more row comprises the photovoltaic active element of currents match, wherein said photovoltaic active element is at least in part based on the performance characterization that carries out in test facilities under the operation site condition of simulation and currents match.
6. method in order to the assembling solar gatherer is characterized in that described method comprises:
Assemble paraboloidal reflector by via the one group of ribs that is attached to frame beam, the part of planar reflective material being bent to groove shape;
Be installed in support frame through assembling paraboloidal reflector array a plurality of;
The position of adjusting each paraboloidal reflector in described a plurality of array is collected in beam pattern on receiver with optimization, and wherein said adjustment action comprises the described position of each paraboloidal reflector of automatic tracing so that the fluctuation of the pattern of described collected light beam is minimum; And
According to the pattern of the institute's gathered light in described receiver and configure photovoltaic module on described receiver.
7. the method in order to the assembling solar gatherer according to claim 6 is characterized in that it further is included in hot harvesting apparatus is installed on described receiver is collected by light the heat that is produced to collect.
8. the method in order to the assembling solar gatherer according to claim 6, is characterized in that the described position of each paraboloidal reflector of automatic tracing so that the fluctuation minimum of the pattern of described collected light beam comprises at least one in the following: collect data by measuring or being linked into the Local or Remote database; Activation motor is to adjust the position of the element in described solar collector; Or report the situation of described solar collector.
9. the method in order to the assembling solar gatherer according to claim 6, it is characterized in that according to the pattern of the institute's gathered light in described receiver and on described receiver the configuration photovoltaic module further be included in the described photovoltaic module that disparate one-element group concentrates and arrange that one group of photovoltaic cell is in order to increase described group of photovoltaic cell to the exposure of collected light.
10. the method in order to the assembling solar gatherer according to claim 6 is characterized in that troop a plurality of photovoltaic cells of one or more row of comprising to be connected in series electric coupling of wherein said disparate unit.
Applications Claiming Priority (29)
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| US7799108P | 2008-07-03 | 2008-07-03 | |
| US7803808P | 2008-07-03 | 2008-07-03 | |
| US7825908P | 2008-07-03 | 2008-07-03 | |
| US7825608P | 2008-07-03 | 2008-07-03 | |
| US7799808P | 2008-07-03 | 2008-07-03 | |
| US7824508P | 2008-07-03 | 2008-07-03 | |
| US7802908P | 2008-07-03 | 2008-07-03 | |
| US61/077,991 | 2008-07-03 | ||
| US61/077,998 | 2008-07-03 | ||
| US61/078,029 | 2008-07-03 | ||
| US61/078,245 | 2008-07-03 | ||
| US61/078,256 | 2008-07-03 | ||
| US61/078,038 | 2008-07-03 | ||
| US61/078,259 | 2008-07-03 | ||
| US12/495,303 US20100000517A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-06-30 | Sun position tracking |
| US12/495,164 | 2009-06-30 | ||
| US12/495,136 | 2009-06-30 | ||
| US12/495,303 | 2009-06-30 | ||
| US12/495,398 US8646227B2 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-06-30 | Mass producible solar collector |
| US12/495,136 US20100000594A1 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-06-30 | Solar concentrators with temperature regulation |
| US12/495,164 US8229581B2 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-06-30 | Placement of a solar collector |
| US12/495,398 | 2009-06-30 | ||
| US12/496,541 | 2009-07-01 | ||
| US12/496,034 US8253086B2 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-01 | Polar mounting arrangement for a solar concentrator |
| US12/496,150 | 2009-07-01 | ||
| US12/496,034 | 2009-07-01 | ||
| US12/496,150 US8345255B2 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-01 | Solar concentrator testing |
| US12/496,541 US8450597B2 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-01 | Light beam pattern and photovoltaic elements layout |
| CN2009801345270A CN102150282B (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Solar collector assembly |
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| CN2009801345270A Division CN102150282B (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Solar collector assembly |
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| CN103107225A true CN103107225A (en) | 2013-05-15 |
| CN103107225B CN103107225B (en) | 2016-05-18 |
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| CN201210593389.6A Expired - Fee Related CN103107225B (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Solar collector sub-assembly |
| CN2012105935092A Pending CN103107221A (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Solar collector assembly |
| CN2012105939178A Pending CN103104991A (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Solar collector assembly |
| CN2012105935073A Pending CN103104990A (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Solar collector assembly |
| CN2009801345270A Expired - Fee Related CN102150282B (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Solar collector assembly |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2012105935092A Pending CN103107221A (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Solar collector assembly |
| CN2012105939178A Pending CN103104991A (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Solar collector assembly |
| CN2012105935073A Pending CN103104990A (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Solar collector assembly |
| CN2009801345270A Expired - Fee Related CN102150282B (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2009-07-02 | Solar collector assembly |
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| EP (1) | EP2311097A4 (en) |
| CN (5) | CN103107225B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2009266870A1 (en) |
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| CA (1) | CA2729811A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL210448A0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2011000201A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW201017905A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010003115A1 (en) |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116192036A (en) * | 2023-05-04 | 2023-05-30 | 太一光伏科技(常州)有限公司 | Automatic cooling device for photovoltaic module |
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|---|---|
| CN103104990A (en) | 2013-05-15 |
| WO2010003115A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| BRPI0915510A2 (en) | 2016-01-26 |
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| CN103107225B (en) | 2016-05-18 |
| CA2729811A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| EP2311097A4 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
| TW201017905A (en) | 2010-05-01 |
| CN103104991A (en) | 2013-05-15 |
| WO2010003115A4 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
| MX2011000201A (en) | 2011-08-17 |
| AU2009266870A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| CN102150282B (en) | 2013-12-11 |
| CN102150282A (en) | 2011-08-10 |
| IL210448A0 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
| CN103107221A (en) | 2013-05-15 |
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