CN103081791A - Nutrient solution cultivation method of Chinese yews - Google Patents
Nutrient solution cultivation method of Chinese yews Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nutrient solution cultivation method of Chinese yews and belongs to the method of plant nutrient solution cultivation. The method includes the steps: A, plant treatment: cutting off fibril and reserving main roots to be soaked in carbendazim and naphthylacetic acid; B, planting: planting the Chinese yews inside a planting basket with ceramicite; C, root speeding: placing the Chinese yews inside perlite matrix and enabling intelligentized laminas to be buried inside the perlite matrix, and controlling micro-environment factors to regulate and control a system through a plant non-test-tube rapid propagation expert system; D, root promoting: when matrix roots penetrate out the planting basket, enabling the Chinese yews to be soaked into a nutrient solution water tank and arranging the intelligentized laminas, and controlling the micro-environment factors to regulate and control the system through the plant non-test-tube rapid propagation expert system; E, cultivating to be strong, arranging the intelligentized laminas in the positions of hydrophilous root systems and plant laminas, and controlling the micro-environment factors through the plant non-test-tube rapid propagation expert system; F, modeling: trimming and modeling the Chinese yews into commodity bonsai. By the adoption of the method, breeding time is reduced by 60-80%, the new manual cultivation method of the Chinese yews is initiated, and the new way of utilizing the Chinese yews is expanded.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the nutrient fluid cultivation method of plant nutrition liquid cultivation method, particularly a kind of Chinese yew.
Background technology
Chinese yew claims again Japanese yew, belongs to the rare tree of first-grade state protection, and the natural forest resource is exhausted.Chinese yew is aiphyllium, and trunk is perfectly straight, and tree performance is graceful, takes on a red color during seed maturity, and imitation leather is dazzlingly beautiful, is fabulous potted landscape and green tree species.Chinese yew timber is sturdy and durable, and texture is beautiful, and root, stem are all high-grade material for carving on it, is to belong to the extraordinary woods material of using; Its root, stem, skin, leaf all contain taxol, are the curing cancer drugs that the world today generally acknowledges, leaf can stimulate the menstrual flow, diuresis, hypotensive, to preventing and treating diabetes and angiocardiopathy has positive effect, are to be worth expensive medicinal woods.In recent years Chinese year potted landscpe is also ready to appear in flowers and trees market, becomes the upstart who attracts people's attention.Chinese year potted landscpe is placed on the indoor effect that has obvious expelling mosquito and purify air, the harmful substances such as its absorbing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nicotine, sulphur dioxide, can also absorb the carcinogens such as formaldehyde, benzene,toluene,xylene, exhalation oxygen, playing cancer-resisting health care and air purification effect, is the rare species of beautifying the environment in family room, hotel, hotel and office space.
Prior art document 1CN1194603C discloses the artificial cultivation method of a kind of Chinese yew, and " institute's Adopts measure is: a, in clay adds composite fertilizer; B, append fertilizer again, form loam; C, maintenance soil water content are 35～45%; D, transplanting: select to transplant overcast and rainy before Chinese yew resting stage begins to expand to the Chinese yew lateral bud.Described composite fertilizer consists of: Finland import chlorination ternary 16-16-16, total nutrient 〉=45%; The composition of described fertilizer raw material is mainly birds droppings and/or pig manure and/or chicken manure; During preparation: a, first fermentation: birds droppings and/or pig manure and/or chicken manure are covered in the container such as Nylon Bag of sealing, allow its automatic fermentation, generally need the time about 2 months; B, dry: the fertilizer after fermenting is by photosynthesis again, dry with hand rubbing just can be powdered till; C, porphyrize again: utilize the fertilizer after cylinder will dry fine ground to Powdered.During intense light irradiation, 3～4 hours every days: the light application time with spring is 5～6 hours to the light application time of Chinese yew seedling in autumn in summer.Must keep the root system integrality of treelet and the moisture content of Gen Mao to reach 50---60% in the transplanting process, during transplanting, assurance root system and soil are combined closely, and the normal root that waters.During transplanting, the height of seedling first will be carried out training and the moulding of Chinese yew seedling more than 20 centimetres before transplanting.Before transplanting, the Chinese yew growth of seedling is in booth, and booth can sunshade, moisturizing, illumination appropriateness.Training depends on the circumstances, and need to transplant pruning by bonsai style of potted landscape, needs the moulding of establishing in large scale can select the plate field of unified specification, forms beautiful scenery one, also available other moulding.Composite fertilizer and fertilizer after planting yew is good, carry out twice ridging in annual April and August, should add clay when ridging in.When loam was appended fertilizer, fertilising quantity was every strain 100 grams of fertilizer and composite fertilizer's 10 grams; Or fertilising quantity is many strain 100 scholar's 5 grams of fertilizer and composite fertilizer's 101 scholar's 2 grams.”
The artificial cultivation method of prior art document 1 disclosed Chinese yew is implemented in clay in actual applications, adds composite fertilizer, then appends fertilizer, keeps soil water content 35～45%.This artificial cultivation method soil cultivation moisture on the one hand is difficult to accurate control, is difficult to improve survival rate, and damage by disease and insect very easily appears in soil cultivation; Be poor growth on the other hand, be difficult to Fast-propagation and short-term and grow up to nursery stock or commodity potted landscape.
Soilless culture is the important means that improves industrialized agriculture production efficiency, wherein, nutrient fluid cultivation is a kind of novel plant soil-less culturing mode, have another name called that water is ploughed, water planting, exactly without soil but with the perlite that has added nutrient solution, vermiculite etc. as plant growth medium, even do not use medium, directly fixedly swim in the planting type of growing in nutrient solution with foamed plastics.It is to use modern biotechnology, by biological, chemistry, physical technique means, the plant of common long term growth in soil induced, tames, cultivates, make it change the high-tech biotechnology means of new generation that to grow for a long time and form in water, its great advantage is thoroughly to have broken away from the restriction of soil condition and cultivated land resource, next is the efficient utilization to water resource, can enlarge planting range and space, save fertilizer, save manual labor, and the acceleration plant growth improves the quality and yield of plant.Because the production process of whole plant can be controlled by computer fully, make that in plant growth and development process, the demand to temperature, moisture, illumination, nutrient and air is in optimum state all the time, thereby realize the batch production large-scale production, greatly improved labor productivity.
This shows, it is necessary studying and design a kind of nutrient fluid cultivation method that grows up to fast the Chinese yew of commodity water planting potted landscape.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, study and design a kind of nutrient fluid cultivation method that grows up to fast the Chinese yew of commodity water planting potted landscape.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: utilize plant domestication to cultivate and aquatic induced-mutation technique, pass through root processing, field planting, urge root, urge root, educate the processes such as strong, induce Chinese yew to produce aquatic root system, make its root can long period of soaking in water, and keep planting the identical growth characteristics of Chinese yew with soil, and can grow in the water that adds nutrient solution, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, plant is processed: selected anosis, grow fine, blade-carrying plant, first carrying out root processes: its root is washed, use the scissors that otch is smoothly sharp and sterilized, fibrous root is all cut, the primary roots that keeps 3～5 centimetre lengths, select again carbendazim through 500～1000 times of water dilutions/or tpn, / or to select concentration be 0.2～0.5% potassium permanganate solution, the plant root was first soaked 5～10 minutes in one of above-mentioned aqueous solution, be the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution of 200mg/L again in concentration, / or the heteroauxin aqueous solution among soaked 30～40 minutes, carrying out branches and leaves processes again: wipe out the top slightly, then be as the criterion to keep original crown width 1/3～1/2, remove other branches and leaves,
B, field planting: with the plant that root and branches and leaves were processed, plant to enter to fill 0.5～1.0 centimetre of haydite of particle diameter, 5～10 centimetres of the degree of depth, have in the field planting basket of open-work;
C, urge root: plant is placed in the matrix of the perlite composition of 0.2～0.3 centimetre of particle diameter together with field planting basket, and embedding to temperature in the close matrix of plant in field planting basket, humidity, illuminance has sensing effect " intelligent blade ", " intelligent blade " is connected with the air of quick-witted energy control device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " control as calculated and heats and the matrix heating system, the atomizing humidifying system, the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as artificial light filling or diaphragm system, control 24～27 ℃ of the temperature in daytime of plant and root with this, night, temperature was 15～18 ℃, relative moisture 70～85%, plant leaf intensity of illumination 5～60,000 lux, induce it to grow new matrix root system, urge 80～90 days duration root phase, described matrix root system refers to the general name of the root that the plant primary roots newly grows in the substrate in the present invention,
Described " intelligent blade " is a kind of isoparametric agricultural control sensor of microenvironment factor temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, EC value that can detect near Plant Leaf, stem, root place, is the prior art sensor that can purchase from market at present.
Described " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is a kind ofly to be electrically connected in " intelligent blade " with the net mask line, detection and computing through the computer software data, and send instruction in the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive system that is subjected to its control, as the heat computer hardware equipment of matrix heating system, atomizing humidifying system, artificial light filling or diaphragm system, nutrient solution concentration regulating system etc. of air, it is can purchase from market, the supporting prior art computerized equipment that corresponding operating software is arranged at present.
D, short root: when 2.5～3.5 centimetres of matrix root reveals field planting baskets, immersion fills in the tank of dark 4～8 centimetres of nutrient solutions of liquid, the matrix root system of reveals field planting basket is had in the air of 1～2 centimetre length on the nutrient solution liquid level, and arrange liquid temperature near the place at the matrix root system that immerses nutrient solution, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, in the sign nutrient solution, a large amount of EC values that reach microelement concentration have " the intelligent blade " of sensing effect, " intelligent blade " is connected with the liquid temperature regulating system of quick-witted energy control device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " control as calculated, the acid-base value regulating system, the oxygen capacity regulating system, reach in a large number the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as microelement concentration regulating system in nutrient solution, impel plant matrix root system top newly to grow with this and can adapt to the aquatic root system of growing in water, short 50～60 days duration root phase,
Described aquatic root system refers to the general name of the root that matrix root system top newly grows in the present invention in nutrient solution.
The plant matrix root microenvironment factor of described short root phase is: 20～25 ℃ of solution temperatures, acidity-basicity ph value 5.9～6.2, dissolved oxygen content 4.5～6.5mg/L, EC value 1.0～1.6mS/cm; Wherein said EC value also claims conductivity, and English full name: ElectricalConductivity is the power of the solubility salinity conductive capability that exists of the form with charged ion in the soil that can measure by conductivity gauge, matrix, nutrient solution.
Constituent and the ratio thereof of described short root phase nutrient solution are: nitrate of lime 500～550g/T, potassium nitrate 400～450g/T, magnesium sulfate 200～250g/T, ammonium phosphate 95～135g/T, iron chloride 95～125g/T, potassium iodide 2～4g/T, boric acid 0.5～1.5g/T, zinc sulphate 0.5～1.5g/T, manganese sulphate 0.5～1.5g/T, and all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg;
the place arranges air themperature at close plant leaf, relative air humidity, the microenvironment factors such as intensity of illumination have sensing effect " intelligent blade ", intelligent blade is connected with the planting environment air themperature system of quick-witted energy control device control as calculated, the relative air humidity regulating system, the microenvironment factors such as intensity of illumination regulating system regulation and control executive system, the microenvironment factor of described short root phase is: 25～27 ℃ of air themperature daytimes, 13～17 ℃ of nights, relative air humidity 60～70%, intensity of illumination is kept 4～50,000 lux at least in 8 hours daytimes, do not do requirement night,
E, educate strong: when aquatic root system grows under the nutrient solution liquid level 2.5～3.5 centimetres of average lengths, must make the matrix root system that passes the field planting basket open-work 2～3 centimetre lengths be arranged on the nutrient solution liquid level in air, and arrange the solution temperature in the microenvironment factor near the place at the aquatic root system that immerses nutrient solution, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, the EC value has sensing effect " intelligent blade ", intelligent blade is connected with quick-witted energy control device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " control solution temperature regulating system as calculated, the acid-base value regulating system, the oxygen capacity regulating system, reach in a large number the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as microelement concentration regulating system in nutrient solution, impel the strain bar of plant sturdy with this, tree crown is luxuriant, grow up to the requirement of commodity potted landscape, short 50～60 days duration root phase,
Describedly educate the aquatic root system place microenvironment factor that the strong phase immerses nutrient solution and be: 20～25 ℃ of solution temperatures, acidity-basicity ph value 5.9～6.2, dissolved oxygen content 4.5～6.5mg/L, EC value 1.0～1.6mS/cm;
Described constituent and ratio thereof of educating strong phase nutrient solution is: nitrate of lime 450～550g/T, potassium nitrate 420～450g/T, magnesium sulfate 220～250g/T, ammonium phosphate 100～135g/T, iron chloride 105～125g/T, potassium iodide 3～4g/T, boric acid 1.5～2.5g/T, zinc sulphate 1.5～2.5g/T, manganese sulphate 1.5～2.5/T, and all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg;
educating the strong phase is arranging air themperature near the plant leaf place, relative air humidity, intensity of illumination and spray " the intelligent blade " that foliage fertilizer has the sensing effect, " intelligent blade " is connected with the planting environment air themperature system of quick-witted energy control device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " control as calculated, the relative air humidity regulating system, the intensity of illumination regulating system, spray the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as foliage fertilizer system, the described microenvironment factor of educating the strong phase is: 25～27 ℃ of planting environment air themperature daytimes, 15～20 ℃ of nights, relative air humidity 80～85%, intensity of illumination is kept 4～50,000 lux at least in 8 hours daytimes, increase light filling 6 hour by this intensity of illumination night, every 6 hours, plant leaf is sprayed the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage fertilizer of 0.25% concentration daytime,
F, moulding: 2～4 centimetres of the plant to be planted diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, during 50～60 centimetres of crown width diameters, design is carried out in pollarding in good time, wipe out rotten, weak root, the root of aging blackening, pack into together with field planting basket and fill 10～20 times of dilutions and educate in the transparent vessel that is filled with water of strong phase nutrient solution, it is constant that the matrix root system of keeping the reveals field planting basket has airborne on liquid level of 2～3 centimetre lengths to require, 120～150 days duration moulding phase, during this time to the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage fertilizer of plant leaf every 20～30 days spraying concentrations 2.5%, become water planting Chinese yew commodity potted landscape finally by check.
The invention process obtains the method for water planting Chinese yew commodity potted landscape, has compared with prior art shown following beneficial effect through trying out:
1, the time of breeding nursery stock or commodity water planting potted landscape significantly shortens.Compare with the artificial cultivation method of prior art document 1 disclosed Chinese yew, the present invention is after improving on breeding method, and the Chinese yew commodity nursery stock of the same diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, crown width shortens within 1 year from 3-5, the 60-80% that bred time decreased.
2, start the tame new method of Chinese yew, expanded the artificial new way of utilizing of Chinese yew, for beautify life has been made contribution to society.Artificial cultivation method for taxus rests on the soil cultivation stage before this, and soil cultivation moisture is difficult to accurate control, causes to be difficult to improve survival rate, the drawbacks such as damage by disease and insect very easily occur, has blocked the Chinese yew artificial breeding; And it is partially cloudy that the biological property of Chinese yew has determined that Chinese yew seedling and treelet stage belong to neutrality, shows according to surveying and determination 1 year living nursery stock light saturation point 26500lux, 3 years living nursery stock light saturation point 31200lux, 6 years living young growth light saturation point 48200lux.a little less than having illustrated that red bean seedling and treelet photosynthesis are, light saturation point and light compensation point are lower, and seedling and treelet Chinese yew are fit to be made into Chinese year potted landscpe fully, in addition, Chinese year potted landscpe is placed on the indoor effect that has obvious expelling mosquito and purify air, the energy absorbing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nicotine, the harmful substances such as sulphur dioxide, can also absorb formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, the carcinogens such as dimethylbenzene, exhalation oxygen, play cancer-resisting health-care effect and air purification effect, it is family room, the hotel, the rare species of beautifying the environment in hotel and office space, the present invention has expanded the artificial new way of utilizing of Chinese yew, the water planting Chinese year potted landscpe of particularly breeding fast will be people's beautify life, make contribution to society.
Embodiment
The test of embodiment Chinese yew nutrient fluid cultivation
The enforcement time: in April, 2011～2012 year April; Implement the place: the industry Dantu District hereditary property town Chinese holly Agricultural Park at the applicant place; Content of the test: utilize plant domestication to cultivate and aquatic induced-mutation technique, through root processing, field planting, urge root, short root, educate the process such as strong, moulding, induce Chinese yew to produce aquatic root system, make its root can long period of soaking in water, and keep planting the identical growth characteristics of Chinese yew with soil, and can grow in the water that adds nutrient solution, testing program:
A, plant process: selected anosis, grow fine, blade-carrying plant, first carrying out root processes: its root is washed, use the scissors that otch is smoothly sharp and sterilized, fibrous root is all cut, keep the primary roots of 3～5 centimetre lengths, select again the carbendazim doubly through water dilution 500-1000, the plant root was first soaked 5～10 minutes in one of above-mentioned aqueous solution, then be the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 200mg/L in concentration, or soaked among heteroauxin 30～40 minutes; Carrying out branches and leaves processes again: wipe out the top slightly, then be as the criterion to keep original crown width 1/3～1/2, remove other branches and leaves;
B, field planting: with the plant that root and branches and leaves were processed, plant to enter to fill 0.5～1.0 centimetre of haydite of particle diameter, 5～10 centimetres of the degree of depth, have in the field planting basket of open-work;
C, urge root: plant is placed in the matrix of the perlite composition of 0.2～0.3 centimetre of particle diameter together with field planting basket, and embedding to temperature in the close matrix of plant in field planting basket, humidity, illuminance has sensing effect " intelligent blade ", select the A type " intelligent blade " of Wuxi automation control element Co., Ltd, " intelligent blade " is connected with the air of quick-witted energy control device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " control as calculated and heats and the matrix heating system, the atomizing humidifying system, artificial light filling or diaphragm system, the VO4 type " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " that " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " selects the Lishui of Zhejiang Institute of agricultural sciences to produce, control 24～27 ℃ of the temperature in daytime of plant and root with this, night, temperature was 15～18 ℃, relative moisture 70～85%, plant leaf intensity of illumination 5～60,000 lux, induce it to grow new matrix root system, urge 80～90 days duration root phase,
D, short root: when 2.5～3.5 centimetres of matrix root reveals field planting baskets, immersion fills in the tank of dark 4～8 centimetres of nutrient solutions of liquid, in test, the airborne length of the matrix root system of reveals field planting basket on the nutrient solution liquid level is made as respectively and does not expose, expose 1～1.9cm, 2～3cm, the first that 3cm is above, second, third, four groups of fourths, and arrange liquid temperature near the place at the matrix root system that immerses nutrient solution, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, in the sign nutrient solution, a large amount of EC values that reach microelement concentration have " the intelligent blade " of sensing effect, " intelligent blade " is connected with the liquid temperature regulating system of quick-witted energy control device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " control as calculated, the acid-base value regulating system, the oxygen capacity regulating system, reach in a large number the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as microelement concentration regulating system in nutrient solution, impel plant matrix root system top newly to grow with this and can adapt to the aquatic root system of growing in water,
The plant matrix root microenvironment factor of described short root phase is: 20～25 ℃ of solution temperatures, acidity-basicity ph value 5.9～6.2, dissolved oxygen content 4.5～6.5mg/L, EC value 1.0～1.6mS/cm;
Preferred constituent and the ratio thereof of described short root phase nutrient solution are: nitrate of lime 520g/T, potassium nitrate 430g/T, magnesium sulfate 220g/T, ammonium phosphate 110g/T, iron chloride 115g/T, potassium iodide 3g/T, boric acid 1g/T, zinc sulphate 1g/T, manganese sulphate 1g/T, all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg.
the place arranges cultivation microenvironment factor air themperature at close plant leaf, relative air humidity, the microenvironment factors such as intensity of illumination have sensing effect " intelligent blade ", " intelligent blade " is connected with the air themperature system of quick-witted energy control device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " control as calculated, the relative air humidity regulating system, the microenvironment factors such as intensity of illumination regulating system regulation and control executive system, the microenvironment factor of described short root phase is: 25～27 ℃ of air themperature daytimes, 13～17 ℃ of nights, relative air humidity 60～70%, intensity of illumination is kept 4～50,000 lux at least in 8 hours daytimes, do not do requirement night,
When short root phase the 7th, 14,21,28 days, the aquatic root system counting statistics that respectively the matrix root system top of place group is grown, result is as follows:
Effect analysis: the aquatic radical of second group that exposes 1～1.9cm is maximum; Third group that exposes 2～3cm is taken second place; The first group of not exposing is the poorest.
E, educate strong: when aquatic root system grows under the nutrient solution liquid level average length 2.5-3.5 centimetre, in test, the airborne length of the matrix root system of reveals field planting basket on the nutrient solution liquid level is made as respectively and does not expose, expose 1～1.9cm, 2～3cm, the first that 3cm is above, second, third, four groups of fourths, and arrange the solution temperature in the microenvironment factor at the close place of water root system of immersing nutrient solution, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, the EC value has sensing effect " intelligent blade ", intelligent blade is connected with quick-witted energy control device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " control solution temperature regulating system as calculated, the acid-base value regulating system, the oxygen capacity regulating system, reach in a large number the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as microelement concentration regulating system in nutrient solution, impel the strain bar of plant sturdy with this, tree crown is luxuriant, grow up to the requirement of commodity potted landscape, short 50～60 days duration root phase,
Describedly educate the aquatic root system place microenvironment factor that the strong phase immerses nutrient solution and be: 20～25 ℃ of solution temperatures, acidity-basicity ph value 5.9～6.2, dissolved oxygen content 4.5～6.5mg/L, EC value 1.0～1.6mS/cm;
Described preferred constituent and ratio thereof of educating strong phase nutrient solution is: nitrate of lime 550g/T, potassium nitrate 450g/T, magnesium sulfate 250g/T, ammonium phosphate 135g/T, iron chloride 125g/T, potassium iodide 4g/T, boric acid 2.5g/T, zinc sulphate 2.5g/T, manganese sulphate 2.5/T, and all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg;
educating the strong phase is arranging microenvironment factor planting environment air themperature near the plant leaf place, relative air humidity, intensity of illumination and spray " the intelligent blade " that foliage fertilizer has the sensing effect, " intelligent blade " is connected with the planting environment air themperature system of quick-witted energy control device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " control as calculated, the relative air humidity regulating system, the intensity of illumination regulating system, spray the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as foliage fertilizer system, the described microenvironment factor of educating the strong phase is: 25～27 ℃ of planting environment air themperature daytimes, 15～20 ℃ of nights, relative air humidity 80～85%, intensity of illumination is kept 4～50,000 lux at least in 8 hours daytimes, increase light filling 6 hour by this intensity of illumination night, every 6 hours, plant leaf is sprayed the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage fertilizer of 0.25% concentration daytime,
When educating strong phase the 7th, 14,21,28 days, respectively to the water root length counting statistics of place group, measurement unit centimetre, result is as follows:
Effect analysis: the third group of water root that exposes 2～3cm is the longest; Exposing the second group of 1～1.9cm takes second place; The first group of not exposing is the poorest.
F, moulding: 2～4 centimetres of the plant to be planted diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, during 50～60 centimetres of crown width diameters, design is carried out in pollarding in good time, wipe out rotten, weak root, the root of aging blackening, pack into together with field planting basket and fill 10～20 times of dilutions and educate in the transparent vessel that is filled with water of strong phase nutrient solution, it is constant that the matrix root system of keeping the reveals field planting basket has airborne on liquid level of 2～3 centimetre lengths to require, 120～150 days duration moulding phase, during this time to the foliage fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution of plant leaf every 20～30 days spraying concentrations 2.5%, finally by check, be respectively charged into and become water planting Chinese yew commodity potted landscape in the vial with different designs.
Chinese yew commodity potted landscape routine servicing is as follows: if breed fish in vial, changing water must be hardworking, select running water or the rainwater of standing a couple of days, changed once in 5～7 days, can execute foliage fertilizer or use a small amount of slow-release fertilizer harmless to pet fish at the blue root of field planting branches and leaves; If do not breed fish, but two weeks changes water one time, can drip certain density nutrient solution in water; Observe water and muddiness occurs, should change immediately; Require during this time 15～20 days clean Chinese yew root mucus, cut off the root of blackout; If occur rotten, remove rotten, pour out simultaneously original cultivation water, change running water or the rainwater of standing a couple of days.
Claims (7)
1. the nutrient fluid cultivation method of a Chinese yew, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, plant is processed: selected anosis, grow fine, blade-carrying plant, first carrying out root processes: its root is washed, use the scissors that otch is smoothly sharp and sterilized, fibrous root is all cut, the primary roots that keeps 3～5 centimetre lengths, select again carbendazim through 500～1000 times of water dilutions/or tpn, / or to select concentration be 0.2～0.5% potassium permanganate solution, the plant root was first soaked 5～10 minutes in one of above-mentioned aqueous solution, be the methyl α-naphthyl acetate aqueous solution of 200mg/L again in concentration, / or the heteroauxin aqueous solution among soaked 30～40 minutes, carrying out branches and leaves processes again: wipe out the top slightly, then be as the criterion to keep original crown width 1/3～1/2, remove other branches and leaves,
B, field planting: with the plant that root and branches and leaves were processed, plant to enter to fill 0.5～1.0 centimetre of haydite of particle diameter, 5～10 centimetres of the degree of depth, have in the field planting basket of open-work;
C, urge root: plant is placed in the matrix of the perlite composition of 0.2～0.3 centimetre of particle diameter together with field planting basket, and embedding to temperature in the close matrix of plant in field planting basket, humidity, illuminance has sensing effect " intelligent blade ", " intelligent blade " is connected with the air of quick-witted energy control device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " control as calculated and heats and the matrix heating system, the atomizing humidifying system, the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as artificial light filling or diaphragm system, control 24～27 ℃ of the temperature in daytime of plant and root with this, night, temperature was 15～18 ℃, relative moisture 70～85%, plant leaf intensity of illumination 5～60,000 lux, induce it to grow new matrix root system, urge 80～90 days duration root phase,
D, short root: when 2.5～3.5 centimetres of matrix root reveals field planting baskets, immersion fills in the tank of dark 4～8 centimetres of nutrient solutions of liquid, the matrix root system of reveals field planting basket is had in the air of 1～2 centimetre length on the nutrient solution liquid level, and arrange liquid temperature near the place at the matrix root system that immerses nutrient solution, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, in the sign nutrient solution, a large amount of EC values that reach microelement concentration have " the intelligent blade " of sensing effect, " intelligent blade " is connected with the liquid temperature regulating system of quick-witted energy control device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " control as calculated, the acid-base value regulating system, the oxygen capacity regulating system, reach in a large number the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as microelement concentration regulating system in nutrient solution, short 50～60 days duration root phase, the plant matrix root microenvironment factor of described short root phase is: 20～25 ℃ of solution temperatures, acidity-basicity ph value 5.9～6.2, dissolved oxygen content 4.5～6.5mg/L, E C value 1.0～1.6mS/cm, constituent and the ratio thereof of described short root phase nutrient solution are: nitrate of lime 500～550g/T, potassium nitrate 400～450g/T, magnesium sulfate 200～250g/T, ammonium phosphate 95～135g/T, iron chloride 95～125g/T, potassium iodide 2～4g/T, boric acid 0.5～1.5g/T, zinc sulphate 0.5～1.5g/T, manganese sulphate 0.5～1.5g/T, and all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg, the place arranges cultivation microenvironment factor air themperature at close plant leaf, relative air humidity, the microenvironment factors such as intensity of illumination have sensing effect " intelligent blade ", " intelligent blade " is connected with the air themperature system of quick-witted energy control device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " control as calculated, the relative air humidity regulating system, the microenvironment factors such as intensity of illumination regulating system regulation and control executive system, the microenvironment factor of described short root phase is: 25～27 ℃ of air themperature daytimes, 13～17 ℃ of nights, relative air humidity 60～70%, intensity of illumination is kept 4～50,000 lux at least in 8 hours daytimes, do not do requirement night,
E, educate strong: when aquatic root system grows under the nutrient solution liquid level 2.5～3.5 centimetres of average lengths, must make the matrix root system that passes the field planting basket open-work 2～3 centimetre lengths be arranged on the nutrient solution liquid level in air, and arrange the solution temperature in the microenvironment factor near the place at the aquatic root system that immerses nutrient solution, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, E C value has sensing effect " intelligent blade ", intelligent blade is connected with quick-witted energy control device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " control solution temperature regulating system as calculated, the acid-base value regulating system, the oxygen capacity regulating system, reach in a large number the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as microelement concentration regulating system in nutrient solution, short 50～60 days duration root phase, describedly educate the aquatic root system place microenvironment factor that the strong phase immerses nutrient solution and be: 20～25 ℃ of solution temperatures, acidity-basicity ph value 5.9～6.2, dissolved oxygen content 4.5～6.5mg/L, EC value 1.0～1.6mS/cm, described constituent and ratio thereof of educating strong phase nutrient solution is: nitrate of lime 450～550g/T, potassium nitrate 420～450g/T, magnesium sulfate 220～250g/T, ammonium phosphate 100～135g/T, iron chloride 105～125g/T, potassium iodide 3～4g/T, boric acid 1.5～2.5g/T, zinc sulphate 1.5～2.5g/T, manganese sulphate 1.5～2.5/T, and all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg, educating the strong phase is arranging microenvironment factor planting environment air themperature near the plant leaf place, relative air humidity, intensity of illumination and spray " the intelligent blade " that foliage fertilizer has the sensing effect, " intelligent blade " is connected with the air themperature system of quick-witted energy control device " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " control as calculated, the relative air humidity regulating system, the intensity of illumination regulating system, spray the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive systems such as foliage fertilizer system, the described microenvironment factor of educating the strong phase is: 25～27 ℃ of planting environment air themperature daytimes, 15～20 ℃ of nights, relative air humidity 80～85%, intensity of illumination is kept 4～50,000 lux at least in 8 hours daytimes, increase light filling 6 hour by this intensity of illumination night, every 6 hours, plant leaf is sprayed the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage fertilizer of 0.25% concentration daytime,
F, moulding: 2～4 centimetres of the plant to be planted diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, during 50～60 centimetres of crown width diameters, design is carried out in pollarding in good time, wipe out rotten, weak root, the root of aging blackening, pack into together with field planting basket and fill 10～20 times of dilutions and educate in the transparent vessel that is filled with water of strong phase nutrient solution, the matrix root system of keeping the reveals field planting basket has the airborne requirement of 2～3 centimetre lengths on liquid level, 120～150 days duration moulding phase, during this time plant leaf was sprayed the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution foliage fertilizer of 0.25% concentration every 20～30 days, become water planting Chinese yew commodity potted landscape finally by check.
2. according to the nutrient fluid cultivation method of claim Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described matrix root system refers to the general name of the root that the plant root newly grows in the substrate.
3. the nutrient fluid cultivation method of Chinese yew according to claim 1 is characterized in that described " intelligent blade " is a kind of isoparametric agricultural control sensor of microenvironment factor temperature, humidity, intensity of illumination, acidity-basicity ph value, dissolved oxygen content, EC value that can detect near Plant Leaf, stem, root place.
4. the nutrient fluid cultivation method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described " the non-tube rapid propagation expert system of plant " is a kind ofly to be electrically connected in " intelligent blade " with the net mask line, detection and computing through the computer software data, and send instruction in the microenvironment factor regulation and control executive system that is subjected to its control, as air heat matrix heating system, atomizing humidifying system, artificial light filling or diaphragm system, nutrient solution concentration regulating system etc., the supporting computerized equipment that corresponding operating software is arranged.
5. the nutrient fluid cultivation method of Chinese yew according to claim 1 is characterized in that described aquatic root system refers to the general name of the root that matrix root system top newly grows in nutrient solution.
6. the nutrient fluid cultivation method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, the preferred constituent and the ratio thereof that it is characterized in that described short root phase nutrient solution are: nitrate of lime 520g/T, potassium nitrate 430g/T, magnesium sulfate 220g/T, ammonium phosphate 110g/T, iron chloride 115g/T, potassium iodide 3g/T, boric acid 1g/T, zinc sulphate 1g/T, manganese sulphate lg/T, all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg.
7. the nutrient fluid cultivation method of Chinese yew according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described preferred constituent and ratio thereof of educating strong phase nutrient solution is: nitrate of lime 550g/T, potassium nitrate 450g/T, magnesium sulfate 250g/T, ammonium phosphate 135g/T, iron chloride 125g/T, potassium iodide 4g/T, boric acid 2.5g/T, zinc sulphate 2.5g/T, manganese sulphate 2.5/T, all the other add water to total amount 1000Kg.
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