CN103073351B - Cultivation substrate of edible mushroom, preparation method of cultivation substrate and cultivation method of edible mushroom - Google Patents
Cultivation substrate of edible mushroom, preparation method of cultivation substrate and cultivation method of edible mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN103073351B CN103073351B CN201310028397.0A CN201310028397A CN103073351B CN 103073351 B CN103073351 B CN 103073351B CN 201310028397 A CN201310028397 A CN 201310028397A CN 103073351 B CN103073351 B CN 103073351B
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical group CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000252132 Pleurotus eryngii Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001681 Pleurotus eryngii Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000007685 Pleurotus columbinus Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation substrate of an edible mushroom, a preparation method of the cultivation substrate and a cultivation method of the edible mushroom. The cultivation substrate of the edible mushroom comprises a carbon source, a nitrogen source, water and other auxiliary materials and is characterized in that all or a part of the nitrogen source is lactic acid fermentation residue; and all or a part of the water is replaced by lactic acid extract waste liquid. The lactic acid fermentation residue and the lactic acid extract waste liquid serve as raw materials of the cultivation substrate of the edible mushroom, and are recycled completely, discharge of waste residue and waste water is reduced, the cultivation substrate is appropriate to industrial production and has better social and economic benefits, and a new approach is provided for utilization of the lactic acid fermentation residue and the lactic acid extract waste liquid.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation field of edible mushrooms, be specifically related to the cultivating method of cultivation matrix of a kind of edible mushrooms and preparation method thereof and edible mushrooms.
Background technology
After lactic fermentation terminates, first carry out solid-liquid separation to fermented liquid, isolated residue mainly adopts landfill, burning disposal, and small part is sold as feedstuff raw material.Isolated clear liquid proceeds lactic acid extraction, and the waste liquid extracted after lactic acid discharges after treatment.
Lactic fermentation residue carries out landfill disposal and takies a large amount of land resources, contaminate environment; And burning disposal calorific value is low, it is large that equipment runs power consumption, and processing cost is high; As feedstuff raw material, easily produce secondary pollution in transportation, sterilizing cost is high; Lactic acid extraction liquid waste disposal also needs larger waste water disposal facility.Containing comprising abundant nutritive substance such as thalline, protein, peptide, amino acid, VITAMIN, fat, food fibre, various ion and a small amount of residual sugar, starch etc. in lactic fermentation residue and lactic acid extraction waste liquid, it is the growth stimulant that edible fungus culturing is good.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the cultivating method of cultivation matrix of a kind of edible mushrooms and preparation method thereof and edible mushrooms.
The cultivation matrix of a kind of edible mushrooms, comprise carbon source, nitrogenous source, water and other auxiliary materials, it is characterized in that, described nitrogenous source is all lactic fermentation residue or part is lactic fermentation residue, and described water all replaces with lactic acid extraction waste liquid or part replaces with lactic acid extraction waste liquid.
Described carbon source, is preferably agricultural crop straw, wood chip, waste cotton, corn cob, bagasse, Chinese medicine slag, branch or leaf.
Preferably, the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms of the present invention, comprises siccative and lactic acid extraction waste liquid, described siccative, by total mass mark 100%, comprise lactic fermentation residue 30% ~ 40%, straw 54% ~ 64%, terra alba 1%, sucrose 1%, lime 4%, described lactic acid extraction waste liquid, its addition makes the water content of the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms be 60 ~ 65%.
Preferably, the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms of the present invention, comprise siccative and lactic acid extraction waste liquid, described siccative, by total mass mark 100%, comprise lactic fermentation residue 20 ~ 25%, straw 69 ~ 74%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime 5%, described lactic acid extraction waste liquid, its addition makes the water content of the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms be 65 ~ 75%.
Described lactic fermentation residue is through organic solid waste residue that solid-liquid separation obtains after lactic fermentation terminates, its water ratio is about 80%, crude protein content is about 7 ~ 8%, simultaneously containing the abundant inorganic salt such as residual sugar, starch, crude fat, robust fibre, water soluble chloride and calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, as the nitrogenous source of cultivation matrix.
Described lactic acid extraction waste liquid is the waste liquid that the clear liquid obtained through solid-liquid separation after lactic fermentation terminates produces after extracting lactic acid again, wherein containing soluble substance and calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc plasmas such as a small amount of organic acid, protein, peptide, amino acid, residual sugar, water soluble chlorides, use as nutritive medium.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of the cultivation matrix of above-mentioned edible mushrooms, it is characterized in that, first carbon source is anticipated, interpolation lactic fermentation residue and other auxiliary materials are mixed to form siccative, add lactic acid extraction waste liquid again to carry out mixing and obtain compound, the water content controlling compound is 55 ~ 70%, by compound sterilizing or fermentative processing, the pH value controlling the compound after sterilizing or fermentative processing, between 6 ~ 9, is the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms.
Described sterilizing, optimum condition is sterilizing 1.5 ~ 2h or temperature 100 DEG C of normal-pressure sterilization 6 ~ 12h at temperature 126 ~ 128 DEG C.
3rd object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method utilizing the cultivation matrix culturing edible fungus of above-mentioned edible mushrooms, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1), by edible bacterial vaccine inoculation in cultivation matrix;
(2), cultivate;
(3), to gather sporophore.
The method of described culturing edible fungus, preferably after sporophore of gathering, remaining bacterium chaff is carried out dry, add zymin, fermentative processing after as animal-feed, or make fertilizer by after the pulverizing of bacterium chaff, interpolation auxiliary material, or press the explained hereafter solid waste derivatived fuel (RDF) of production solid waste derivatived fuel, or by producing the explained hereafter gac of gac, or prepare new edible fungus culturing matrix after mixing with new cellulose raw material.
Described edible mushrooms, is preferably flat mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Pleurotus eryngii, glossy ganoderma, needle mushroom, straw mushroom or Coprinus comatus.
Described being mixed with new cellulose raw material by bacterium chaff prepares new edible fungus culturing matrix afterwards, comprise siccative and water, described siccative, by total mass mark 100%, comprise bacterium chaff 70%, wheat straw or straw 22%, lime 8%, described water, its addition makes the water content of the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms be 65 ~ 75%.
The present invention is using lactic fermentation residue and the lactic acid extraction waste liquid raw material as edible fungus culturing matrix, lactic fermentation residue and lactic acid extraction waste liquid is made to obtain recycling treatment completely, decrease slag and effluent discharge, be applicable to factorial praluction, having good Social benefit and economic benefit, is a kind of new way of lactic fermentation residue and lactic acid extraction waste water utilization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schema of the cultivation matrix culturing edible fungus utilizing edible mushrooms of the present invention.
Embodiment
Explain the present invention further below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiment does not do any type of restriction to the present invention.The equivalent replacement of any technical characteristic that all foundations disclosure of the present invention is implemented and improvement all belong to the protection domain of claim of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
1, cultivation matrix is prepared
First be liming immersion more than the 8h of 4% by the straw massfraction of 54kg, drain, straw after soaking is prescinded to 3cm, again by the straw that prescinds and 40kg lactic fermentation residue, 1kg terra alba, 1kg sucrose, 4kg lime is mixed to form siccative, add lactic acid extraction waste liquid again to carry out mixing and obtain compound, the lactic acid extraction waste liquid added makes the water content of compound be 60%, compound is used wide 17cm, the polypropylene bacterium bag of long 37cm carries out packing, the packed 0.5kg of each bacterium, bacterium bag one end fraps, sterilizing 2h at temperature 126 DEG C, the pH value of the compound after sterilizing is between 6 ~ 7.5, be the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms.
2, cultivating white mushroom
(1) cultivation matrix, after sterilizing is placed in transfer room, ultraviolet sterilization 1h, when the cultivation matrix temperature after subject to sterilization is down to below 30 DEG C, by flat mushroom strain according to 5% inoculum size be inoculated in the cultivation matrix of above-mentioned edible mushrooms;
(2), above-mentioned postvaccinal cultivation matrix is placed in dark place, maintain the temperature at 23 ~ 26 DEG C, controlling atmospheric moisture is 60% ~ 70%, and keeps ventilation, after 25 days ~ 35 days, mycelia covers with bacterium bag, illustrate that when fruit body primordium appears in part bacterium bag mycelia is ripe, can proceed to management of producing mushroom, for stimulating fruiting, day and night temperature to 6 ~ 10 DEG C should be widened, control atmospheric moisture 85 ~ 90%, strengthen ventilation, illuminance all can fruiting in 50 ~ 1000 luxs.
(3), occur that mushroom flower bud is after one week, sporophore is ripe, gathers in time and moisturizing, and 3 tides of can gathering, the Yield of Pleurotus Ostreatus gathered in the crops is substantially identical with the Yield of Pleurotus Ostreatus utilizing conventional edible fungus culturing substrate culture to obtain, there was no significant difference.
(4), cultivated flat mushroom after, by bacterium chaff pulverize, through fermentation after make green organic fertilizer (as shown in Figure 1), (concrete referenced patent ZL200410082924.7).
Embodiment 2:
1, cultivation matrix is prepared
First be the liming immersion 8h of 4% by the straw massfraction of 64kg, drain, straw after soaking is prescinded to 3cm, again by the straw that prescinds and 30kg lactic fermentation residue, 1kg terra alba, 1kg sucrose, 4kg lime is mixed to form siccative, add lactic acid extraction waste liquid again to carry out mixing and obtain compound, the lactic acid extraction waste liquid added makes the water content of compound be 65%, compound is used wide 17cm, the polypropylene bacterium bag of long 37cm carries out packing, the packed 0.6kg of each bacterium, bacterium bag one end fraps, sterilizing 1.5h at temperature 128 DEG C again, the pH value of the compound after sterilizing is between 6 ~ 7.5, be the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms.
2, cultivating white mushroom
(1) cultivation matrix, after sterilizing is placed in transfer room, ultraviolet sterilization 1h, when the cultivation matrix temperature after subject to sterilization is down to below 30 DEG C, by flat mushroom strain according to 10% inoculum size be inoculated in the cultivation matrix of above-mentioned edible mushrooms;
(2), above-mentioned postvaccinal cultivation matrix is placed in dark place, maintain the temperature at 23 ~ 26 DEG C, controlling moisture is 60 ~ 70%, and keeps ventilation, after 25 ~ 35 days, mycelia covers with bacterium bag, illustrate that when fruit body primordium appears in part bacterium bag mycelia is ripe, can proceed to management of producing mushroom, for stimulating fruiting, day and night temperature is widened to 6 ~ 10 DEG C, humid control, 85 ~ 90%, strengthens ventilation, and controlled light degree is that 50 ~ 1000 luxs all can fruiting;
(3), occur that mushroom flower bud is after one week, sporophore is ripe, gathers in time and moisturizing, and 3 tides of can gathering, the Yield of Pleurotus Ostreatus gathered in the crops is substantially identical with the Yield of Pleurotus Ostreatus utilizing conventional edible fungus culturing substrate culture to obtain, there was no significant difference.
(4), cultivated flat mushroom after, by bacterium chaff pulverize, through fermentation after make green organic fertilizer (as shown in Figure 1), (concrete referenced patent ZL200410082924.7).
Embodiment 3:
1, cultivation matrix is prepared
First be the liming immersion 8h of 4% by 69kg straw massfraction, drain, straw after soaking is prescinded to 3cm, again by the straw that prescinds and 25kg lactic fermentation residue, 5kg lime, 1kg calcium superphosphate is mixed to form siccative, add lactic acid extraction waste liquid again to carry out mixing and obtain compound, the lactic acid extraction waste liquid added makes the water content of compound be 65%, compound is used wide 17cm, the polypropylene bacterium bag of long 37cm carries out packing, the packed 0.5kg of each bacterium, bacterium bag uses the sealing of the waterproof collar, sterilizing 2h at temperature 126 DEG C again, the pH value of the compound after sterilizing is between 7.5 ~ 9, be the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms.
2, cultivating straw mushroom
(1) cultivation matrix, after sterilizing is placed in inoculation tank, ultraviolet sterilization 1h, when the cultivation matrix temperature after subject to sterilization is down to below 38 DEG C, by straw mushroom bacterial classification according to 5% inoculum size be inoculated in the cultivation matrix of above-mentioned edible mushrooms;
(2), by above-mentioned postvaccinal cultivation matrix be placed in dark place, maintain the temperature at 33 ~ 35 DEG C, controlling atmospheric moisture is 70%, and keep ventilation, after 10 days, mycelia covers with bacterium bag, when mycelia covers with bacterium bag substantially, when bacterium bag two ends start to occur intensive greyish white chromogen base, can management of producing mushroom being proceeded to, for stimulating fruiting, temperature being controlled to be 28 ~ 32 DEG C, atmospheric moisture controls 85 ~ 90%, strengthen ventilation, avoid direct sunlight, controlled light degree is that 300 ~ 500 luxs get final product fruiting;
(3), when sporophore reaches the egg shape phase can gather, 2 tides of generally gathering, the straw mushroom output gathered in the crops is substantially identical with the straw mushroom output utilizing conventional edible fungus culturing substrate culture to obtain, there was no significant difference.
(4), cultivated straw mushroom after, bacterium chaff is pulverized, adds microbial starter culture, through fermentation, after drying and processing as animal-feed (as shown in Figure 1), (concrete referenced patent CN201010249236.0).
Embodiment 4:
1, cultivation matrix is prepared
First be the liming immersion 12h of 5% by 74kg straw massfraction, drain, straw after soaking is prescinded to 5cm, again by the straw that prescinds and 20kg lactic fermentation residue, 5kg lime, 1kg calcium superphosphate is mixed to form siccative, add lactic acid extraction waste liquid again to carry out mixing and obtain compound, the lactic acid extraction waste liquid added makes the water content of compound be 75%, compound is used wide 17cm, the polypropylene bacterium bag of long 37cm carries out packing, the packed 0.6kg of each bacterium, bacterium bag uses the sealing of the waterproof collar, sterilizing 2h at temperature 128 DEG C again, the pH value of the compound after sterilizing is between 7.5 ~ 9, be the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms.
2, cultivating straw mushroom
(1) cultivation matrix, after sterilizing is placed in transfer room, ultraviolet sterilization 1h, when the cultivation matrix temperature after subject to sterilization is down to below 38 DEG C, by straw mushroom bacterial classification according to 10% inoculum size be inoculated in the cultivation matrix of above-mentioned edible mushrooms;
(2), by above-mentioned postvaccinal cultivation matrix be placed in dark place, maintain the temperature at 33 ~ 35 DEG C, controlling atmospheric moisture is 70%, and keep ventilation, after 10 days, mycelia covers with bacterium bag, when mycelia covers with bacterium bag substantially, when bacterium bag two ends start to occur intensive greyish white chromogen base, can management of producing mushroom being proceeded to, for stimulating fruiting, temperature being controlled to be 28 ~ 32 DEG C, humid control is 85 ~ 90%, strengthen ventilation, avoid direct sunlight, controlled light degree is that 300 ~ 500 luxs get final product fruiting;
(3), when sporophore reaches the egg shape phase can gather, 2 tides of generally gathering, the straw mushroom output gathered in the crops is substantially identical with the straw mushroom output utilizing conventional edible fungus culturing substrate culture to obtain, there was no significant difference.
(4), cultivated straw mushroom after, bacterium chaff is pulverized, adds microbial starter culture, through fermentation, after drying and processing as animal-feed (as shown in Figure 1), (concrete referenced patent CN201010249236.0).
Embodiment 5:
1, cultivation matrix is prepared
First be the liming immersion 8h of 4% by 54kg straw massfraction, remove excessive moisture, straw after soaking is prescinded to 3cm, again by the straw that prescinds and 40kg lactic fermentation residue, 1kg terra alba, 1kg sucrose, 4kg lime is mixed to form siccative, the lactic acid extraction waste liquid added again carries out mixing and obtains compound, the lactic acid extraction waste liquid added makes the water content of compound be 60%, wide 17cm is used after vexed for compound 1 ~ 2 hour, the polypropylene bacterium bag of long 37cm carries out packing, the packed 0.3kg of each bacterium, bacterium bag uses the sealing of the waterproof collar, at temperature 100 DEG C of normal-pressure sterilization 6h, the pH value of the compound after sterilizing is between 6 ~ 7.5, be the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms.
2, cultivating ganoderma
(1) cultivation matrix, after sterilizing is placed in transfer room, ultraviolet sterilization 1h, when the cultivation matrix temperature after subject to sterilization is down to below 30 DEG C, is inoculated in the cultivation matrix of above-mentioned edible mushrooms by Ganderma lucidum strain according to the inoculum size of mass ratio 5%;
(2), above-mentioned postvaccinal cultivation matrix is placed in dark place, maintain the temperature at 21 ~ 25 DEG C, controlling atmospheric moisture is 65%, and keeps ventilation, after 25 days ~ 35 days, mycelia covers with bacterium bag, sesame management can be proceeded to out, go out the sesame stage, temperature is controlled to be 25 ~ 28 DEG C, atmospheric moisture controls 85 ~ 90%, strengthen ventilation, scattered light irradiates, and controlled light degree is 1000 ~ 2000 luxs;
(3), occur about 25 days sporophore maturations after mushroom flower bud, can gather, the glossy ganoderma output gathered in the crops is substantially identical with the glossy ganoderma output utilizing conventional edible fungus culturing substrate culture to obtain, there was no significant difference.
(4), cultivated glossy ganoderma after, bacterium chaff as producing the raw material of gac, prepares gac (as shown in Figure 1) by process for preparing activated carbon, (concrete referenced patent CN201010566649.1) after crushed.。
Embodiment 6:
1, cultivation matrix is prepared
First be the liming immersion 12h of 5% by 64kg straw massfraction, drain, straw after soaking is prescinded to 5cm, again by the straw that prescinds and 30kg lactic fermentation residue, 1kg terra alba, 1kg sucrose, 4kg lime is mixed to form siccative, add lactic acid extraction waste liquid again to carry out mixing and obtain compound, the lactic acid extraction waste liquid added makes the water content of compound be 65%, wide 17cm is used after vexed for compound 1 ~ 2 hour, the polypropylene bacterium bag of long 37cm carries out packing, the packed 0.5kg of each bacterium, bacterium bag uses the sealing of the waterproof collar, again at temperature 100 DEG C of normal-pressure sterilization 12h, the pH value of the compound after sterilizing is between 6 ~ 7.5, be the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms.
2, cultivating ganoderma
(1) cultivation matrix, after sterilizing is placed in transfer room, ultraviolet sterilization 1h, when the cultivation matrix temperature after subject to sterilization is down to below 30 DEG C, by Ganderma lucidum strain according to 10% inoculum size be inoculated in the cultivation matrix of above-mentioned edible mushrooms;
(2), above-mentioned postvaccinal cultivation matrix is placed in dark place, maintain the temperature at 21 ~ 25 DEG C, controlling moisture is 65%, and keeps ventilation, after 25 days ~ 35 days, mycelia covers with bacterium bag, sesame management can be proceeded to out, go out the sesame stage, temperature is controlled to be 25 ~ 28 DEG C, humid control is 85 ~ 90%, strengthen ventilation, scattered light irradiates, and controlled light degree is 1000 ~ 2000 luxs;
(3), occur about 25 days sporophore maturations after mushroom flower bud, can gather, the glossy ganoderma output gathered in the crops is substantially identical with the glossy ganoderma output utilizing conventional edible fungus culturing substrate culture to obtain, there was no significant difference.
(4), cultivated glossy ganoderma after, bacterium chaff as producing the raw material of gac, prepares gac (as shown in Figure 1) by process for preparing activated carbon, (concrete referenced patent CN201010566649.1) after crushed.
Embodiment 7:
1, the bacterium chaff after cultivating white mushroom is utilized to prepare the cultivation matrix of cultivating straw mushroom
Be exposed to the sun 2 days after 70kg flat mushroom bacterium chaff is pulverized, add 22kg wheat straw again, 8kg lime is mixed to form siccative, compound is obtained after adding water and mixing again, the water added makes the water content of compound be 65%, is fermented by compound 3 days, every 12h turning once, until mix surface grows actinomyces albus, there is fragrant, terminate fermentation when pH value is 8 ~ 9, namely obtain the cultivation matrix of cultivating straw mushroom.
2, cultivating straw mushroom
(1), the cultivation matrix of above-mentioned straw mushroom is paved into the bed of material of thickness 10cm, sends out method inoculation, by straw mushroom bacterial classification according to 5% inoculum size be inoculated in Volvaria volvacea cultivation matrix;
(2), the cultivation matrix of above-mentioned inoculation straw mushroom bacterial classification is placed in dark place, and with covered rearing with plastic film, keep temperature 35 ~ 36 DEG C, raise plastics film after 12h to ventilate 1 time, even if remove plastics film after epiphragma 24h, keep humidity 70 ~ 80%, latter 4th day of inoculation, grow to until mycelia and spray heavy water after bottom cultivation matrix and add intense light irradiation to stimulate fruiting, enter the fruiting phase after 6 days, can management of producing mushroom be proceeded to; During fruiting, temperature controls at 28 ~ 32 DEG C, and humid control is 85 ~ 90%, and strengthen ventilation, avoid direct sunlight, illuminance is 300 ~ 500 luxs.
(3), when sporophore reaches the egg shape phase can gather, 2 tides of generally gathering, the straw mushroom output gathered in the crops is substantially identical with the straw mushroom output utilizing conventional edible fungus culturing substrate culture to obtain, there was no significant difference.
(4), cultivated straw mushroom after, bacterium chaff stirs after pulverizing, adding auxiliary material and ignition dope, shaping, dry after make solid waste derivatived fuel (RDF) (as shown in Figure 1), (concrete referenced patent CN201110096577.3).
Embodiment 8:
1, the bacterium chaff after cultivating white mushroom is utilized to prepare the cultivation matrix of cultivating straw mushroom
Be exposed to the sun 3 days after 70kg flat mushroom bacterium chaff is pulverized, add 22kg straw again, 8kg lime is mixed to form siccative, compound is obtained after adding water and mixing again, the water added makes the water content of compound be 75%, is fermented by compound 5 days, every 12h turning once, until mix surface grows actinomyces albus, there is fragrant, terminate fermentation when pH value is 8 ~ 9, namely obtain the cultivation matrix of cultivating straw mushroom.
2, cultivating straw mushroom
(1), the cultivation matrix of above-mentioned straw mushroom is paved into the bed of material of thickness 10cm, sends out method inoculation, by straw mushroom bacterial classification according to 10% inoculum size be inoculated in Volvaria volvacea cultivation matrix;
(2), the cultivation matrix of above-mentioned inoculation straw mushroom bacterial classification is placed in dark place, and with covered rearing with plastic film, keep temperature 35 ~ 36 DEG C, raise plastics film after 12h to ventilate 1 time, even if remove plastics film after epiphragma 24h, keep humidity 70 ~ 80%, latter 4th day of inoculation, grow to until mycelia and spray heavy water after cultivation matrix stage and add intense light irradiation to stimulate fruiting, enter the fruiting phase after 6 days, can management of producing mushroom be proceeded to; During fruiting, temperature controls at 28 ~ 32 DEG C, and humid control is 85 ~ 90%, and strengthen ventilation, avoid direct sunlight, illuminance is 300 ~ 500 luxs.
(3), when sporophore reaches the egg shape phase can gather, 2 tides of generally gathering, the straw mushroom output gathered in the crops is substantially identical with the straw mushroom output utilizing conventional edible fungus culturing substrate culture to obtain, there was no significant difference.
(4), cultivated straw mushroom after, bacterium chaff stirs after pulverizing, adding auxiliary material and ignition dope, shaping, dry after make solid waste derivatived fuel (RDF) (as shown in Figure 1), (concrete referenced patent CN201110096577.3).
Claims (10)
1. the cultivation matrix of an edible mushrooms, comprise carbon source, nitrogenous source, water and other auxiliary materials, it is characterized in that, described nitrogenous source is all lactic fermentation residue or part is lactic fermentation residue, and described water all replaces with lactic acid extraction waste liquid or part replaces with lactic acid extraction waste liquid.
2. the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described carbon source comprises agricultural crop straw, wood chip, waste cotton, corn cob, bagasse, Chinese medicine slag, branch or leaf.
3. the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise siccative and lactic acid extraction waste liquid, described siccative, by total mass mark 100%, comprise lactic fermentation residue 30% ~ 40%, straw 54% ~ 64%, terra alba 1%, sucrose 1%, lime 4%, described lactic acid extraction waste liquid, its addition makes the water content of the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms be 60 ~ 65%.
4. the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise siccative and lactic acid extraction waste liquid, described siccative, by total mass mark 100%, comprise lactic fermentation residue 20 ~ 25%, straw 69 ~ 74%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime 5%, described lactic acid extraction waste liquid, its addition makes the water content of the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms be 65 ~ 75%.
5. the preparation method of the cultivation matrix of an edible mushrooms according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, first carbon source is anticipated, interpolation lactic fermentation residue and other auxiliary materials are mixed to form siccative, add lactic acid extraction waste liquid again to carry out mixing and obtain compound, by compound sterilizing or fermentative processing, the pH value controlling the compound after sterilizing or fermentation, between 6 ~ 9, is the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms.
6. the preparation method of the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described sterilizing, and condition is sterilizing 1.5 ~ 2h or temperature 100 DEG C of normal-pressure sterilization 6 ~ 12h at temperature 126 ~ 128 DEG C.
7. utilize a method for the cultivation matrix culturing edible fungus of the edible mushrooms described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1), by edible bacterial vaccine inoculation in cultivation matrix;
(2), cultivate;
(3), to gather sporophore.
8. the method for culturing edible fungus according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, after sporophore of gathering, remaining bacterium chaff is carried out dry, add zymin, fermentative processing after as animal-feed, or make fertilizer by after the pulverizing of bacterium chaff, interpolation auxiliary material, or press the explained hereafter solid waste derivatived fuel of production solid waste derivatived fuel, or by producing the explained hereafter gac of gac, or prepare new edible fungus culturing matrix after mixing with new cellulose raw material.
9. the method for culturing edible fungus according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described edible mushrooms comprises flat mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Pleurotus eryngii, glossy ganoderma, needle mushroom, straw mushroom or Coprinus comatus.
10. the method for culturing edible fungus according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, prepare new edible fungus culturing matrix after being mixed with new cellulose raw material by bacterium chaff, comprise siccative and water, described siccative, by total mass mark 100%, comprise bacterium chaff 70%, wheat straw or straw 22%, lime 8%, described water, its addition makes the water content of the cultivation matrix of edible mushrooms be 65 ~ 75%.
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