CN103077242A - Method for hot standby of dual database servers - Google Patents
Method for hot standby of dual database servers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for the hot standby of dual database servers in the technical field of database systems. A system comprises an active database server and a standby database server. The two servers perform regular handshake, master-slave negotiation, data access and data synchronization through a synchronization network port. A server network port of the active database server employs a virtual Internet protocol (IP) address to externally provide server service, and a service network port of the standby database server does not externally provide database service. A database client accesses the active database server through the virtual IP address by adopting a transmission control protocol (TCP). A flexibly selectable real-time/quasi-real-time database synchronization mechanism, a comprehensive data consistency detection method for the active and standby database servers and a selectable data consistency recovery means are provided by the invention.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Database Systems technical field, particularly a kind of method of database server two-node cluster hot backup.
Background technology
Database two-node cluster hot backup technology mainly contains several types at present:
(1) based on the double-machine standby technology of standby usage server shared storage device
The shortcoming of this scheme is because sharing storage equipment, therefore is not easy to realize physically disaster tolerance and backup.
(2) the standby usage database replication technology of Log-based
Although what this scheme can fulfillment database copying and backing up, and can not guarantee the consistance of database, can not in time find the inconsistent situation of data that the standby usage database exists.
(3) based on the database redundancy redundancy technique of Clustering
Although this scheme is relatively perfect, shortcoming is that entity is many, disposes and safeguard more complicated, and implementation cost is also higher.
In addition, above-mentioned several schemes often can not in time be found the inconsistent situation of standby usage database, thereby can not provide in time alarm and processing.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the method that defects discloses the two-node cluster hot backup of a kind of fulfillment database server, it is characterized in that: this database server Dual-Computer Hot-Standby System comprises primary database server and standby database server; Between described two servers by synchronous network interface carry out that timing is shaken hands, master-slave negotiation, active and standby switching, data access and real time data be synchronous, wherein the service network port of primary database server uses virtual ip address that database service externally is provided, the service network port of standby host does not externally provide database service, database client passes through virtual ip address, adopt Transmission Control Protocol to access primary database server
Timing between the described active and standby machine is shaken hands and active and standby switching flow comprises the steps:
Step 1 sends handshake information by synchronous network interface per second between the active and standby machine, and handshake information adopts udp protocol to transmit, and the handshake information content comprises the network ip address of self standby usage state and synchronous network interface;
Step 2 was not received the handshake information that main frame sends in continuous five seconds when standby host, perhaps received primaryly when reducing to message for subsequent use, and standby host namely switches to master state;
Step 3, when occurring two-shipper simultaneously as the situation of main computer, the less server in network interface IP address is reduced to for subsequent use synchronously;
The synchronous flow process of described data access and real time data comprises the steps:
Step 1 by synchronous network interface, adopts Transmission Control Protocol to carry out the data synchronous communication between the active and standby machine;
Step 2, when receiving the data storage request of database client, when only having active and standby machine all correctly to finish database manipulation, primary database just returns successfully to client, otherwise return failure, produce simultaneously " the standby usage database data is inconsistent " alarm, in this step, correctness for the operation of active and standby machine data storehouse is to finish by the data consistency that detects active and standby machine
Step 3, primary database is made regular check on not synchronous data-base recording, and it is synchronous to re-start data.
In order to realize goal of the invention of the present invention, the present invention also provides the method for a kind of fulfillment database server two-node cluster hot backup, it is characterized in that: this database server Dual-Computer Hot-Standby System comprises primary database server and standby database server, carrying out timing by synchronous network interface between described two servers shakes hands, master-slave negotiation, active and standby switching, data access and quasi real time data are synchronous, wherein the service network port of primary database server uses virtual ip address that database service externally is provided, the service network port of standby host does not externally provide database service, database client passes through virtual ip address, adopt Transmission Control Protocol to access primary database server
Timing between the described active and standby machine is shaken hands and active and standby switching flow comprises the steps:
Step 1 sends handshake information by synchronous network interface per second between the active and standby machine, and handshake information adopts udp protocol to transmit, and the handshake information content comprises the network ip address of self standby usage state and synchronous network interface;
Step 2 was not received the handshake information that main frame sends in continuous five seconds when standby host, perhaps received primaryly when reducing to message for subsequent use, and standby host namely switches to master state;
Step 3, when occurring two-shipper simultaneously as the situation of main computer, the less server in network interface IP address is reduced to for subsequent use synchronously;
Described data access and quasi real time the synchronous flow process of data comprise the steps:
Step 1 by synchronous network interface, adopts Transmission Control Protocol to carry out the data synchronous communication between the active and standby machine;
Step 2, when receiving the data storage request of database client, as long as primary database server correctly finishes database manipulation, this is recorded as not synchronously with tense marker, and main frame just returns successfully to database client;
Step 3, main frame sends the data synch command to standby host, finishes the database synchronization operation when standby host, and when returning successfully, main frame is denoted as this record synchronous;
Step 4, when standby host return data storehouse synchronization failure, then main frame produces " the standby usage database data is inconsistent " alarm;
Step 5, primary database is made regular check on not synchronous data-base recording, and it is synchronous to re-start data;
Step 6, in above-mentioned steps three and four, the correctness that operates for active and standby machine data storehouse is to finish by the data consistency that detects active and standby machine.
The data's consistency of described active and standby machine detects and comprises the steps:
Step 1 when primary database server operates successfully, and during the standby database operation failure, produces " the standby usage database is inconsistent " alarm;
Step 2, standby usage database server are regularly carried out segmentation with all data-base recordings according to the rule of prior setting, to segmentation calculation check code, by contrasting the check code of active and standby machine, find the inconsistent situation of data;
Wherein, hashing algorithm is adopted in the calculating of check code.
Step 3 when the inconsistent situation of data occurring, produces " the standby usage database is inconsistent " alarm.
Described when producing the inconsistent alarm of standby usage database, the step that adopts the data of primary database to cover standby database is fully carried out the standby usage data's consistency and is recovered.
Described when producing the inconsistent alarm of standby usage database, employing is carried out the recovery of standby usage data's consistency with the step that the data in the standby database merge to primary database, thereby reach the consistent purpose of standby usage database, and can not cause loss of data, wherein, the data union operation comprises already present record is upgraded operation, and non-existent record is carried out update.
Therefore, a kind of reliable database two-node cluster hot backup mechanism that provides is provided the beneficial effect that can obtain in real time of the present invention, but provide in real time/quasi real time database synchronization mechanism of flexible choice, reliable real time data synchronization mechanism both can be provided, quasi real time data synchronous operation can be provided again, therefore data access reliability and data access performance can be taken into account.Simultaneously, the data consistency detection of comprehensive standby usage database is provided, compares by the operating result to the standby usage database, and the standby usage database is regularly carried out data sectional, calculation check code and comparing can in time be found the standby usage Data Consistency.The present invention also provides selectable data consistency recovery ways, and the user both can select to carry out simple data cover and data replacement, also can carry out comparatively perfect data and merge, and realizes data's integrity and consistency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is database two-node cluster hot backup synoptic diagram
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet that the standby usage data are successfully carried out real-time synchronization
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet that the standby usage data are not successfully carried out real-time synchronization
Fig. 4 is that the standby usage data are successfully carried out quasi real time synchronous schematic flow sheet
Fig. 5 is that the standby usage data are not quasi real time successfully carried out synchronous schematic flow sheet
Embodiment
The invention provides the method for a kind of fulfillment database server two-node cluster hot backup.Between primary database server and standby database server, by synchronous network interface carry out that timing is shaken hands, master-slave negotiation, active and standby switching, data access and data are synchronous, wherein the service network port of database server uses virtual ip address that database service externally is provided, and database client adopts Transmission Control Protocol to access primary database server by virtual ip address.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred embodiment is elaborated.
Be illustrated in figure 1 as the Dual-Computer Hot-Standby System that comprises data access client, primary database server, standby database server.
(1) timing between the active and standby machine is shaken hands as follows with active and standby switching flow:
A) main frame uses virtual ip address that database service externally is provided by service network port, and the service network port of standby host does not externally provide database service.
B) pass through synchronous network interface between the active and standby machine regularly, normally per second sends handshake information, and handshake information adopts udp protocol to transmit, and the handshake information content comprises the network ip address of self standby usage state and synchronous network interface.
C) do not receive the handshake information that main frame sends in continuous 5 seconds when standby host, perhaps receive primaryly when reducing to message for subsequent use that standby host namely switches to master state.
D) when occurring two-shipper simultaneously as primary situation, the less server in network interface IP address is reduced to for subsequent use synchronously.
The flow process that Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show database access and carry out data synchronous operation in the mode of real-time synchronization, wherein Fig. 2 is the successful flow process of operation, Fig. 3 is the unsuccessful flow process of operation.As shown in Figure 2, by synchronous network interface, adopt Transmission Control Protocol to carry out the data synchronous communication between the active and standby machine.When receiving the data storage request of database client, primary database server produces and inserts the order that is recorded to Table A, and notice standby database server carries out corresponding database manipulation, when primary database server only has active and standby machine all correctly to finish database manipulation, primary database just returns successfully to client, otherwise, namely as shown in Figure 3, primary database returns " failure " to client, and the rollback database produces " the standby usage database data is inconsistent " alarm simultaneously.In this operation, it is to finish by following step that the standby usage data consistency detects:
Step 1 when primary database server operates successfully, and during the standby database operation failure, produces " the standby usage database is inconsistent " alarm;
Step 2, the standby usage database server regularly carries out segmentation with all data-base recordings according to the rule of prior setting, this rule can be determined according to specific requirement, to segmentation calculation check code, find the inconsistent situation of data by the check code that contrasts active and standby machine; And when the inconsistent situation of data occurring, produce " the standby usage database is inconsistent " alarm.
In step 2, the calculating of check code can be adopted hashing algorithm, also can select as the case may be other algorithms.
When producing the inconsistent alarm of standby usage database, the recovery of standby usage data consistency mainly contains two kinds of methods, can select as required:
Method one covers the data of standby database fully with the data of primary database, thereby reaches the consistent purpose of standby usage database data.
Method two, data in the standby database are merged (merge) to primary database, thereby reach the consistent purpose of standby usage database, and can not cause loss of data, wherein the data union operation comprises already present record is upgraded operation, and non-existent record is carried out update.
The flow process that Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 show database access and carry out data synchronous operation in quasi real time synchronous mode, wherein Fig. 4 is the successful flow process of operation, Fig. 5 is the unsuccessful flow process of operation.As shown in Figure 4, by synchronous network interface, adopt Transmission Control Protocol to carry out the data synchronous communication between the active and standby machine.When receiving the data storage request of database client, as long as primary database server is correctly finished database manipulation, this is recorded as not synchronous with tense marker, main frame just returns successfully to database client, simultaneously, produces and inserts the order that is recorded to Table A, and notice standby database server carries out corresponding data synchronous operation order, finish the database synchronization operation when standby host, when returning successfully, main frame is denoted as this record synchronous; And as shown in Figure 5, when the synchronization failure of standby host return data storehouse, then main frame produces " the standby usage database data is inconsistent " alarm.Primary database is made regular check on not synchronous data-base recording, and it is synchronous to re-start data, at this quasi real time synchronously in the flow process, also is to finish by the data consistency that detects active and standby machine for the correctness of active and standby machine data storehouse operation, comprises the steps:
Step 1 when primary database server operates successfully, and during the standby database operation failure, produces " the standby usage database is inconsistent " alarm;
Step 2, standby usage database server are regularly carried out segmentation with all data-base recordings according to the rule of prior setting, and this rule is determined according to specific requirement, to segmentation calculation check code, found the inconsistent situation of data by the check code that contrasts active and standby machine.And when the inconsistent situation of data occurring, produce " the standby usage database is inconsistent " alarm.
In step 2, the calculating of check code can be adopted hashing algorithm, also can select as the case may be other algorithms.
When producing the inconsistent alarm of standby usage database, the recovery of standby usage data consistency mainly contains two kinds of methods, can select as required:
Method one covers the data of standby database fully with the data of primary database, thereby reaches the consistent purpose of standby usage database data.
Method two, data in the standby database are merged (merge) to primary database, thereby reach the consistent purpose of standby usage database, and can not cause loss of data, wherein the data union operation comprises already present record is upgraded operation, and non-existent record is carried out update.
The invention provides that active and standby machine is shaken hands, active and standby negotiation and active and standby handover mechanism, in real time/quasi real time data synchronous operation of active and standby machine mechanism is provided, reliable real time data synchronization mechanism both can be provided, quasi real time data synchronous operation can be provided again, therefore data access reliability and data access performance can be taken into account.Simultaneously, the present invention also provides active and standby machine data consistency detecting method and recovery ways, guarantees in time to pinpoint the problems, and in time recovers normal and uses.
The above; only for the better embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (8)
1. the method for fulfillment database server two-node cluster hot backup, it is characterized in that: this database server Dual-Computer Hot-Standby System comprises primary database server and standby database server; Between described two servers by synchronous network interface carry out that timing is shaken hands, master-slave negotiation, active and standby switching, database access and real time data be synchronous, wherein the service network port of primary database server uses virtual ip address that database service externally is provided, the service network port of standby host does not externally provide database service, database client adopts Transmission Control Protocol to access primary database server by virtual ip address;
Timing between the described active and standby machine is shaken hands and active and standby switching flow comprises the steps:
Step 1 sends handshake information by synchronous network interface per second between the active and standby machine, and handshake information adopts udp protocol to transmit, and the handshake information content comprises the network ip address of self standby usage state and synchronous network interface;
Step 2 was not received the handshake information that main frame sends in continuous five seconds when standby host, perhaps received primaryly when reducing to message for subsequent use, and standby host namely switches to master state;
Step 3, when occurring two-shipper simultaneously as the situation of main computer, the less server in network interface IP address is reduced to for subsequent use synchronously;
The synchronous flow process of described database access and real time data comprises the steps:
Step 1 by synchronous network interface, adopts Transmission Control Protocol to carry out the data synchronous communication between the active and standby machine;
Step 2, when receiving the data storage request of database client, when only having active and standby machine all correctly to finish database manipulation, primary database just returns successfully to client, otherwise return failure, produce simultaneously " the standby usage database data is inconsistent " alarm, in this step, correctness for the operation of active and standby machine data storehouse is to finish by the data consistency that detects active and standby machine
Step 3, primary database is made regular check on not synchronous data-base recording, and it is synchronous to re-start data.
2. the method for a kind of fulfillment database server as claimed in claim 1 two-node cluster hot backup is characterized in that: the data consistency of described active and standby machine detects and comprises the steps:
Step 1 when primary database server operates successfully, and during the standby database operation failure, produces " the standby usage database is inconsistent " alarm;
Step 2, standby usage database server are regularly carried out segmentation with all data-base recordings according to the rule of prior setting, to segmentation calculation check code, by contrasting the check code of active and standby machine, find the inconsistent situation of data;
Wherein, adopt hashing algorithm for the calculating of check code.
Step 3 when the inconsistent situation of data occurring, produces " the standby usage database is inconsistent " alarm.
3. the method for a kind of fulfillment database server as claimed in claim 1 or 2 two-node cluster hot backup, it is characterized in that: described when producing the inconsistent alarm of standby usage database, the step that adopts the data of primary database to cover standby database is fully carried out the standby usage data's consistency and is recovered.
4. the method for a kind of fulfillment database server as claimed in claim 1 or 2 two-node cluster hot backup, it is characterized in that: described when producing the inconsistent alarm of standby usage database, employing is carried out the recovery of standby usage data's consistency with the step that the data in the standby database merge to primary database, thereby reach the consistent purpose of standby usage database, and can not cause loss of data, wherein, described data union operation comprises already present record is upgraded operation, and non-existent record is carried out update.
5. the method for fulfillment database server two-node cluster hot backup, it is characterized in that: this database server Dual-Computer Hot-Standby System comprises primary database server and standby database server, carrying out timing by synchronous network interface between described two servers shakes hands, master-slave negotiation, active and standby switching, data access and quasi real time data are synchronous, wherein the service network port of primary database server uses virtual ip address that database service externally is provided, the service network port of standby host does not externally provide database service, database client passes through virtual ip address, adopt Transmission Control Protocol to access primary database server
Timing between the described active and standby machine is shaken hands and active and standby switching flow comprises the steps:
Step 1 sends handshake information by synchronous network interface per second between the active and standby machine, and handshake information adopts udp protocol to transmit, and the handshake information content comprises the network ip address of self standby usage state and synchronous network interface;
Step 2 was not received the handshake information that main frame sends in continuous five seconds when standby host, perhaps received primaryly when reducing to message for subsequent use, and standby host namely switches to master state;
Step 3, when occurring two-shipper simultaneously as the situation of main computer, the less server in network interface IP address is reduced to for subsequent use synchronously;
Described database access and quasi real time the synchronous flow process of data comprise the steps:
Step 1 by synchronous network interface, adopts Transmission Control Protocol to carry out the data synchronous communication between the active and standby machine;
Step 2, when receiving the data storage request of database client, as long as primary database server correctly finishes database manipulation, this is recorded as not synchronously with tense marker, and main frame just returns successfully to database client;
Step 3, main frame sends the data synch command to standby host, finishes the database synchronization operation when standby host, and when returning successfully, main frame is denoted as this record synchronous;
Step 4, when standby host return data storehouse synchronization failure, then main frame produces " the standby usage database data is inconsistent " alarm;
Step 5, primary database is made regular check on not synchronous data-base recording, and it is synchronous to re-start data;
Step 6, in above-mentioned steps three and four, the correctness that operates for active and standby machine data storehouse is to finish by the data consistency that detects active and standby machine.
6. the method for a kind of fulfillment database server as claimed in claim 5 two-node cluster hot backup is characterized in that: the data consistency of described active and standby machine detects and comprises the steps:
Step 1 when primary database server operates successfully, and during the standby database operation failure, produces " the standby usage database is inconsistent " alarm;
Step 2, standby usage database server are regularly carried out segmentation with all data-base recordings according to the rule of prior setting, to segmentation calculation check code, by contrasting the check code of active and standby machine, find the inconsistent situation of data;
Step 3 when the inconsistent situation of data occurring, produces " the standby usage database is inconsistent " alarm;
Wherein, adopt hashing algorithm for the calculating of check code.
7. such as the method for claim 5 or 6 described a kind of fulfillment database server two-node cluster hot backups, it is characterized in that: described when producing the inconsistent alarm of standby usage database, the step that adopts the data of primary database to cover standby database is fully carried out the standby usage data's consistency and is recovered.
8. such as the method for claim 5 or 6 described a kind of fulfillment database server two-node cluster hot backups, it is characterized in that: described when producing the inconsistent alarm of standby usage database, employing is carried out the recovery of standby usage data's consistency with the step that the data in the standby database merge to primary database, thereby reach the consistent purpose of standby usage database, and can not cause loss of data, wherein, described data union operation comprises already present record is upgraded operation, and non-existent record is carried out update.
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