CN1030443A - 多价脑膜炎球菌类别1外膜蛋白疫苗 - Google Patents
多价脑膜炎球菌类别1外膜蛋白疫苗 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及到一类多价疫苗,其对于脑膜炎球菌
疾病具有强烈作用,该疫苗特征为血清组分A,B,C,
W和/或Y的一个或多个片段,优选为血清组B脑
膜炎球菌类别1外膜蛋白。上述片段可用本发明中
的切割类别1外膜蛋白的方法得到,也可用肽合成方
法得到。
Description
本发明涉及到基于脑膜炎球菌外膜蛋白的疫苗。
脑膜炎球菌病几乎完全是由血清组分A、B、C、W和Y脑膜炎双球菌引起。一种4价A,C,W,Y多糖疫苗可用来对抗这种疾病。该疫苗具有多糖固有的免疫学特性,例如在幼儿体内低的免疫原性,以及在以前从未与有关细菌接触过的个体中不诱发免疫记忆。结果是,该多糖疫苗仅用于到脑膜炎球菌病发病率高的地区去的风险群体(如士兵和旅游者),也用于该病爆发时期。
在研制对抗脑膜炎球菌病的适当的多糖疫苗时,一个很大的问题是所谓B多糖的非常低的免疫原性,对此,一种可能的解释是B多糖与人类糖脂的结构上的大量对应。由于在很多国家中高于50%的脑膜炎球菌病是由组分B脑膜炎双球菌引起的(Poolman,J.T.et al,Meningoeoeeal Serotypes and Serogroup B Disease in North-west Europe,The Lancet,September 1986,P.P.555-558),使用上述4价A,C,W,Y-多糖疫苗并未使病情减轻,虽然化学修饰方法的确可大大提高B-多糖的免疫原性,但这样做引起的问题会达到如此程度;即作为一种自动免疫应答的结果,接种以后这种修饰的B多糖会引起不需要的副反应。
因此曾采用另一种尝试,使用脑膜炎双球菌的外膜蛋白作为疫苗代替胶囊多糖,因为该蛋白的抗体具有杀细菌活性。然而,脑膜炎双球菌具有多种外膜蛋白,本申请人已筛选了其中的两种用于疫苗研制,类别1和类别2/3外膜蛋白(Frasch,C.E.et,al,Serotype Antigens of Neisseria Menin-gitidis and a Proposed Scheme for Designation of Serotypes,Reviews of Infections Diseases,Volume 7,number 4,July August 1985,Pages 504-510〕,这样得到的对抗脑膜炎球菌病的外膜蛋白疫苗含有纯化的同一品系的类别1和2/3外膜蛋白,内毒素含量已尽可能地降低。此类第一代外膜蛋白疫苗和确实的亚基疫苗已由不少研究人员做出,并见于许多专利出版物(EP-A-O,145,359;EP-A-O,109,668;EP-A-O,088,303〕,但此类疫苗缺点在于它所诱发的免疫性依赖于品系特征。原因是几种类别1和2/3外膜蛋白发生于脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌(脑膜炎双球菌)内。因此尝试用来自几个品系的外膜蛋白制备多价疫苗,以得到刺激一种广泛保护作用的可能性。在与抗体杀菌作用(尤其是单克隆)及动物体内的保护作用相关的研究中,发现抗体主要对类别1外膜蛋白有效(Poolman J.T.et al,Comparison pf meningococcal outer-membrane protein vaccines solublizeod with detergent or c polysaccharide,Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,1987年12月,53,413-419〕。然而,流行病学研究表明在脑膜炎双球菌中有近10种不同的类别1外膜蛋白(Abdillahi,H.and pool-man J.T.1988,Serosubtyping group B meningococci using monoclonal antibodies in a whole-cell-ELISA,Microbial Patho-genesis,Vol.4,Pages 27-32〕。现在已知的用纯化方法得到的5种或更多的类别1外膜蛋白的组合物是不可能的,原因是伴随内毒素纯化,会出现一种毒性的脂多糖。
已发现上述缺点可借助于一种疫苗来去除,该疫苗特征为一种或多种脑膜炎球菌类别1外膜蛋白片段,所述片段已据与杀菌抗体反应性而做了选择,其含有一低到可接受的含量的内毒素,更特别地,本发明之疫苗含有类别1蛋白质的表面定位片段,其衍生于类别1和2/3外膜蛋白结合制剂。这些片段可通过蛋白质切割方法得到,也可通过肽合成得到。
除了上述提到的低含量内毒素这个优点,本发明的另一优点是可得到能大量溶解于水介质中的产品,这与未切为片断的疏水的外膜蛋白相反,后者只能借助于相当可观量的去污剂及其类似物而保存于溶液中。
更特殊地,本发明涉及到这样一些疫苗,其特征为,存在一种或多种A,B,C,W和/或Y组分脑膜炎球菌类别1外膜蛋白的片段。
因为已发现上述类别1外膜蛋白发生于A,B,C,W和Y脑膜炎双球菌,据本发明得到的多价类别1外膜蛋白片段疫苗能激发起对于所有这些血清组分的一种杀菌免疫应答。这意味着A,C,W,Y多糖疫苗可由据本发明的一种疫苗取代,这种疫苗对于脑膜炎球菌病具有强反应性。
考虑到脑膜炎球菌病主要由组分B脑膜炎双球菌引起及发生于组分B脑膜炎双球菌的类别1外膜蛋白也发生于组分A,C,W和Y脑膜炎双球菌这一事实,本发明有利地涉及到一种疫苗,其特征为组分B脑膜炎双球菌类别1外膜蛋白的一个或多个片段。优选为,此疫苗制剂始于至少10个品系组分B脑膜炎双球菌,这些品系被选作为10种不同的类别1外膜蛋白。
本发明疫苗含有,例如,5-10种外膜蛋白片段,用溴化氰处理类别1外膜蛋白得到。这些片段也可通过肽合成或重组DNA技术得到。
此外,本发明疫苗可有利地含有脑膜炎球菌A,C,Y和W多糖和/或去污剂。对此须注意这样一个事实,即可采用产生两性离子,阳离子、阴离子及不产生离子的去污剂,例如Zwittergent 3-10,Zwittergent 3-14(即N-十四烷基-N,N-二甲基-3-氨基-1-丙磺酸盐),吐温-20和脱氧胆酸钠。
据本发明的疫苗还可含一种吸收剂如氢氧化铝,磷酸钙,或更有利地,磷酸铝。该片段还可在免疫刺激复合物(ISCOMs)中加工或与其它佐剂结合。以便获得较高的免疫原性。
多价脑膜炎球菌蛋白片段疫苗制剂在下文中将详细讨论;但这些解释不应认为是限制性的。
A)品系/培养程序
尤其是,品系H44/76(B∶15∶P1∶16)(Holten E.,Norway),187(B∶4∶P1.1)(Etienne J,France),Swiss 4(B∶4∶P1.15)(Hirschel B,Switserland),B2106(B∶4∶P1.2)(Berger U,West Germany),395(B∶NT∶P1.9)(Jonsdottir K.,Iceland),M990(B∶6∶P1∶6)(Frasch c,U.S.A.),M1080(B∶1∶P1.1)(Frasch C.U.S.A.),2996(B∶2b∶P1.2)(本申请人制备),M982(B∶9∶P1.9)(Frasch C.U.S.A.)S3446(B∶14∶P1.6)(Frasch C.U.S.A.),H355(B∶15∶P1.15)(Holten E,Norway),6557(B∶17∶P1∶17)(Zollinger W,U.S.A)及B40(A∶4∶P1.NT)(A chtman M,West Germany),从-70℃预培养物接种于摇动烧瓶中,再转移至40,140或350升发酵培养基中,该半合成培养基具有下列成分:L-谷氨酸1.3克/升,L-半胱氨酸盐酸0.02克/升,亚磷酸氢二钠Na2-HPO2·2H2O)10克/升,氯化钾(Kcl)0.09克/升,氯化钠(NaCl)6克/升,氯化铵(NH4Cl)1.25克/升,硫酸镁(MgSO4·7H2O)0.6克/升,葡萄糖5克/升,硝酸铁(Fe(NO3)3)100微克/升,酵母透析液。
在发酵器中培养时,PH和CO2被监测并自动调节到PH7.0-7.2,空气饱和度为10%,用离心方法收集细胞,用无菌0.14MNaCl洗涤,-20℃贮存或冻干。
B).用溴化氰处理得到的类别1外膜蛋白片段的纯化。
步骤(A)所得细菌团块用0.5MCaCl2,1%(W/V)Zwittergent 3-14(Zw 3-14)和0.14M NaCl(PH4.0)萃取,每克干重用100毫升。重悬浮后,PH调至6.0,该悬浮液于室温下搅拌1小时,离心(1小时,3000×g),然后用无菌方法收集上清液,将20%乙醇(V/V)加到此上清液中,搅拌30分钟后将产物离心,(30分钟,10,000×g),之后,在无菌条件下收集上清。上清液再通过Amicon Hollow Fiber System(H1D×50,断流50000)进行分离过滤达到浓缩,将CaCl2和乙醇去除,浓缩物用0.1M醋酸钠,25mM EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸),0.05%Zw3-14,PH6.0稀释至原始体积,然后用分离过滤方法再次浓缩。此过程重复5次,最后浓缩物的PH值调至4.0,将20%(V/V)乙醇加入到浓缩物中,搅拌30分钟,将产物离心(30分钟,10000×g),得到的沉淀物置于70%(V/V)甲酸中,再用10倍过量的溴化氰(CNBr)在室温下处理16小时。用蒸发方法去除CNBr和甲酸,换以0.2M Tris(三羟甲基氨基甲烷),6M尿素溶液,PH为7.2。上清液含有类别1外膜蛋白(分子量约20,000至25,000道尔顿)及未受影响的类别3外膜蛋白的片段,最后采用凝胶过滤进行纯化,Sephacryl S-200或TSK-2000和0.2M Tris,6M尿素溶液作为洗脱剂,将类别1外膜蛋白和类别3外膜蛋白片段分离。收集所需级分,并浓缩,此过程的标准是类别1外膜蛋白片段的纯度及低的内毒素含量。
为制备疫苗,将大量类别1外膜蛋白的这些不同片段(5至10种)混合使蛋白质终浓度为1毫克/毫升,与脑膜炎球菌C多糖(W/W=1∶1)混合并透析。
据本发明,另一种制备疫苗的可能方法包括用吐温-20%和脱氧胆酸钠作为去污剂,在这个方法中,脑膜炎球菌C多糖的使用成为多余的了。
以此方式得到的多价类别1外膜蛋白疫苗与磷酸铝混合得到终浓度为20-50微克/毫升类别1外膜蛋白及2毫克/毫升磷酸铝,此疫苗人类剂量为0.5毫升,所以在10价疫苗的情形中每次接种最多注射100-200微克蛋白。
该疫苗制剂的组成是借助于单克隆抗体,用一种定量的抗原决定试验监测的,分子量由HPLC(高压液相层析)测定,所有类别1蛋白片段的免疫原性借助于常用良性试验测定。
C)用蛋白水解和肽合成方法制备肽疫苗。
从C-末端溴化氰片段(与杀菌单克隆抗体结合的抗原表面决定基位于这些片段上)开始,借助于内溶素C和蛋白水解酶endoAr-C制备较小的片段。这些片段用高压液相层析方法纯化,用氨基酸顺序仪,采用Edman降解的方法测定其氨基酸顺序。具有分子量约4000道尔顿(约33个氨基酸)的一条肽与杀菌单克隆抗体反应,其具有下列顺序:PVSVRYDSEFSGFSGSVQFVPIQNSKSAYTPAY。借助于蛋白水解酶endoGlu-C进行水解,得到一条6000道尔顿的肽,其与杀菌单克隆抗体结合,N-末端顺序为FSGFSGSVQFVPI。用蛋白水解酶endoArg-C和endoGlu-C得到的肽FSGFSGSVQFVPIQNSKSAYTPAY为结合杀菌单克隆抗体的抗原表面决定基,借助于肽合成,并采用有机化学方法制备了一系列的肽以便更深入表征此抗原表面决定基。具有顺序FSGFSGSVQFV和PIQNSKSAYTP的肽呈阳性反应,进一步证实了用蛋白质水解方法所得到的结果。此方法将确定脑膜炎球菌类别1外膜蛋白的结合杀菌抗体的抗原表面决定基,借助于蛋白质水解技术,肽合成或重组技术,可以只对感兴趣的抗原表面决定基进行加工而产生一种疫苗其中相应的抗原表面决定基是B和Th。
Claims (16)
1、疫苗,特征为脑膜炎球菌类别1外膜蛋白的一种或多种片段。
2、权利要求1所述疫苗,特征为脑膜炎球菌类别1外膜蛋白的A,B,C,W和/或Y组分的一种或多种片段。
3、权利要求1或2所述疫苗,特征为B组分脑膜炎球菌类别1外膜蛋白的一种或多种片段。
4、权利要求3所述疫苗,特征为5-10种不同的B组分脑膜炎球菌类别1外膜蛋白的一种或多种片段。
5、权利要求1-4中之一或更多项所述疫苗,特征为,用溴化氰处理类别1外膜蛋白后得到的蛋白片段。
6、权利要求5所述疫苗,特征为5-10种类别1外膜蛋白片段,其分子量为20,000-25,000道尔顿。
7、权利要求1-4中之一或更多项所述疫苗,特征为用蛋白水解方法(例如用endoArg-C,endoGlu-C)得到的类别1外膜蛋白片段。
8、权利要求1-4中之一或更多项所述疫苗,特征为合成肽,至少对应于脑膜炎球细类别1外膜蛋白的一种或多种能结合杀菌抗体的抗原表面决定基。
9、权利要求8所述疫苗,特征为含有至少一种或多种肽FSGFSGSVQFV和PIQNSKSAYTP。
10、权利要求1-4中之一或更多项所述疫苗,特征为,是rDNA产物,至少对应于脑膜炎球菌类别1外膜蛋白的一种或多种能与杀菌抗体结合的抗原表面决定基。
11、权利要求1-10中之一或更多项所述疫苗,特征在于,该疫苗也含有脑膜炎球菌A,C,Y和W多糖,可能与蛋白质产物相结合。
12、权利要求1-11中之一或更多项所述疫苗,特征为该疫苗还含有两性离子,阳离子,阴离子和/或非离子的去污剂。
13、权利要求12所述疫苗,特征在于该去污剂选自:两性离子去污剂Zw3-10,Zw3-14,吐温-20和脱氧胆酸钠。
14、权利要求1-13中之一或更多项所述疫苗,特征为该疫苗还含有吸收剂,选自磷酸铝,氢氨化铝和磷酸钙。
15、权利要求14所述疫苗,特征为吸收剂是磷酸铝。
16、权利要求1-10所述疫苗,特征在于采用了佐剂,例如免疫刺激复合物(ISCOMs)。
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NL8701600 | 1987-07-07 | ||
NL8701600 | 1987-07-07 |
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CN1030443A true CN1030443A (zh) | 1989-01-18 |
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CN 88104213 Pending CN1030443A (zh) | 1987-07-07 | 1988-07-07 | 多价脑膜炎球菌类别1外膜蛋白疫苗 |
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JP (1) | JPS6429321A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1030443A (zh) |
DK (1) | DK375488D0 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI883256A0 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO882936D0 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT87935A (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7238345B1 (en) | 1988-12-19 | 2007-07-03 | Wyeth Holdings Corporation | Recombinant microorganism expressing meningococcal class 1 outer membrane protein |
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JP4846103B2 (ja) * | 2001-02-07 | 2011-12-28 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | 繊維強化樹脂パイプ及びこれを用いた動力伝達シャフト |
GB0118249D0 (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2001-09-19 | Chiron Spa | Histidine vaccines |
GB0408977D0 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2004-05-26 | Chiron Srl | Immunising against meningococcal serogroup Y using proteins |
JP5067394B2 (ja) | 2009-03-25 | 2012-11-07 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | 液体吐出装置 |
-
1988
- 1988-07-01 NO NO882936A patent/NO882936D0/no unknown
- 1988-07-06 JP JP16865288A patent/JPS6429321A/ja active Pending
- 1988-07-06 DK DK375488A patent/DK375488D0/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-07-07 PT PT8793588A patent/PT87935A/pt unknown
- 1988-07-07 CN CN 88104213 patent/CN1030443A/zh active Pending
- 1988-07-07 FI FI883256A patent/FI883256A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7238345B1 (en) | 1988-12-19 | 2007-07-03 | Wyeth Holdings Corporation | Recombinant microorganism expressing meningococcal class 1 outer membrane protein |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JPS6429321A (en) | 1989-01-31 |
NO882936D0 (no) | 1988-07-01 |
FI883256A0 (fi) | 1988-07-07 |
DK375488D0 (da) | 1988-07-06 |
PT87935A (pt) | 1988-08-01 |
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