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CN103026026B - 排气涡轮增压器 - Google Patents

排气涡轮增压器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103026026B
CN103026026B CN201180036708.7A CN201180036708A CN103026026B CN 103026026 B CN103026026 B CN 103026026B CN 201180036708 A CN201180036708 A CN 201180036708A CN 103026026 B CN103026026 B CN 103026026B
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collecting chamber
bear box
oil collecting
axle
exhaust turbine
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CN103026026A (zh
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J·霍恩巴赫
M·贝克尔
T·科纳
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BorgWarner Inc
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BorgWarner Inc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/18Lubricating arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/02Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of sliding-contact bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/18Lubricating arrangements
    • F01D25/183Sealing means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/14Lubrication of pumps; Safety measures therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/12Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
    • F16C17/18Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with floating brasses or brushing, rotatable at a reduced speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • F01D25/166Sliding contact bearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/18Lubricating arrangements
    • F01D25/183Sealing means
    • F01D25/186Sealing means for sliding contact bearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/40Application in turbochargers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00Components
    • F05D2240/70Slinger plates or washers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/26Systems consisting of a plurality of sliding-contact bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/23Gas turbine engines
    • F16C2360/24Turbochargers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/02Shafts; Axles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种排气涡轮增压器(1),该排气涡轮增压器(1)具有一根轴(2),该轴上安排了一个压缩机叶轮(3)和一个涡轮机叶轮(4);并且具有一个轴承壳体(5),该轴承壳体具有一个涡轮机侧径向轴承衬套(6)并且具有安排在该涡轮机侧径向轴承衬套(6)与一个涡轮机侧轴承壳体末端区域(8)之间的一个油收集腔(7);其中该轴(2)具有一个台肩(9),该台肩在径向方向(R)上向外延伸到该油收集腔(7)内,并且该台肩与该油收集腔(7)的一个径向轴承侧第一定界壁(10)一起界定了一个间隙(11)。

Description

排气涡轮增压器
说明书
本发明涉及根据权利要求1前序部分的一种排气涡轮增压器。
从DE102007027869A1中已知所述类型的一种排气涡轮增压器。尽管所述涡轮增压器实施了用于最小化进入涡轮机内的油损失的多项措施,在本发明环境中进行的多个试验已经示出了所述的这些措施是不够的。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供权利要求1的前序部分所指明类型的一种排气涡轮增压器,这种涡轮增压器使之有可能基本上防止油损失到涡轮机内。
所述目的是通过权利要求1的这些特征来实现的。
本发明提出了一种通过受流动控制的油排泄的压缩机侧动态密封概念,其中在该涡轮机侧径向轴承衬套的涡轮机侧处的油被引导通过一个狭窄间隙并且被径向引入一个油收集腔内,该油收集腔在其内部优选地是通过车削来机加工的和/或平滑处理的。在将油导入所述油收集腔之后,又借助于轴的高旋转速度以及在一个台肩与该油收集腔的径向轴承侧界定壁之间的狭窄间隙,使得油被离心力向前导送至该油收集腔的外径上(该外径在涡轮机侧的方向上变小),并且被引入优选地配备有一个流动导向元件的一个油腔或油芯内。
多项从属权利要求涉及本发明的多个有利改进。
如果提供了这种流动导向元件(也被称为“角撑板”)的话,在该油收集腔中的这种所限定的油引导具有的效果是可以减少涡流的形成以及油泡沫和/或油雾的形成。
此外,通过所述措施,油以有针对性的方式被排出,并且保持远离处于该油收集腔与一个活塞环密封件之间的一个活塞环密封间隙。
通过关于该油收集腔的环绕切开的车出部分以及该铸造芯与该车出部分的下侧或该油收集腔芯的下侧的一个连接,可以加长该活塞环密封间隙。这导致了该砂芯的最小壁厚的消除以及铸造公差的改进。
通过在该轴承壳体与该台肩以及转子轴颈之间的这种狭窄间隙,减少了从该径向轴承到涡轮机侧的油通过量。为了这些支承点之间改进的油排放,,也有可能使得该涡轮机侧轴承座借助于一种油芯改进来相对于已知设计而缩短。
从以下基于附图的多个示例性实施方案的说明中将显现出本发明的进一步的细节、优点和特征,在附图中:
图1示出了根据本发明的一种排气涡轮增压器的示意性略微简化的图示,
图2示出了该排气涡轮增压器的轴承壳体的一个在涡轮机侧径向轴承衬套区域中的部分的放大图示,
图3示出了图2中所展示的区域的、相对于图2又进一步放大的图示,
图4示出了该轴承壳体在一个油收集腔的进入一个油腔中的一个出口的区域的示意性高度简化的图示,
图5、6示出了用于形成该排气涡轮增压器的轴承壳体的油腔的一个砂芯的多个图示,并且
图7、8示出了根据图5和6的砂芯与用于生产油收集腔的另一个芯件相连接的多个局部图示。
图1展示了根据本发明的一种排气涡轮增压器1,其包括一根轴2、一个压缩机叶轮3、以及附接到该轴另一端上的一个涡轮机叶轮4。在压缩机叶轮3与涡轮机叶轮4之间所展示的是一个轴承壳体5,该轴承壳体具有一个涡轮机侧轴承安排或径向轴承衬套6还以及一个压缩机侧轴承安排或径向轴承衬套30。
排气涡轮增压器1,或者轴承壳体5还具有一个油收集腔7以及在轴承壳体末端区域8中的一个活塞环密封件14。
排气涡轮增压1不言自明还具有一个压缩机壳体和一个涡轮机壳体以及取决于增压器类型而提供的其他多个部件,但所述这些部件并没有在图1中展示,因为它们对于说明本发明的原理而言并不是要求的。
并列图2和3显现出排气涡轮增压器1的轴2具有一个台肩9,该台肩在径向方向R上向外延伸到油收集腔7内。图1和图3中都以垂直于该增压器轴线L的一个方向箭头的形式展示了该径向方向R。该台肩9也可以被称为一个转子轴颈,并且考虑到其径向向外引导的程度而与油收集腔7的一个径向轴承侧第一定界壁10一起界定了一个间隙11,该间隙优选地具有非常狭窄的设计。
油收集腔7被形成为一个车出的腔室,这样使得油收集腔7的第一定界壁10、一个顶壁12以及一个第二定界壁13是机加工的以便具有平滑的多个表面。这是优选的,以便能够获得间隙11的所述狭窄设计。
如从图3可具体地看出,顶壁12从第一定界壁10向下倾斜至第二定界壁13,这就是说从大直径区域运输到小直径区域、从第一定界壁10延伸到在该活塞环密封件侧的第二定界壁13。
图3还示出了提供的一个活塞环密封间隙15,该活塞环密封间隙优选地具有长形设计并且形成在轴2的一个外圆周表面16与一个轴承壳体内圆周表面17之间。所述活塞环密封间隙15安排在油收集腔7与活塞环密封件14之间,该活塞环密封件被安排在轴承壳体末端区域8中。
图4示出了轴承壳体5、轴2以及油收集腔7的示意性高度简化的端视图,其中应该说明的是经由平滑过渡的一种空气流动LU在油收集腔7中向上拖曳油并且允许所述油通过安排了一个流动导向元件20的一个漏斗状出口19流出而进入轴承壳体5的油腔18之内。流动导向元件20以一种角撑板或一种截头锥体的方式形成,如从图4的图解展示可见。这与轴2的高转速相联系地产生了一种目标油流动
为了能够在轴承壳体5中形成这种油腔18,可以提供图5和6中所展示的一个砂芯22。为了能够制造一个与已知设计相比缩短的涡轮机侧轴承座21(见图2),砂芯22具有一个表面23以及在轴向上与该表面间隔开的一个表面24,在完全铸造的状态下,这些表面与图2中所指出的表面S1和S2相对应。
砂芯22还具有多个突出部25和26,这些突出部界定了一个切口27,在完全铸造的状态下,该切口产生了图4中所展示的这种流动导向元件20。
图7和8以其多个突出部25和26区域示出了一个砂芯22,而且也示出了允许具体地油收集腔7的这种构形29的一个机械加工模型28。在此,这些突出部25和26形成了该芯件与该车出部分的或油收集腔7的下侧的连接。
除以上本发明的书面披露外,特此明确地参考在图1至图8中对本发明的图形展示。
参考符号清单
1排气涡轮增压器
2轴
3压缩机叶轮
4涡轮机叶轮
5轴承壳体
6涡轮机侧径向轴承衬套
7油收集腔
8轴承壳体末端区域
9台肩/轴肩/转子轴颈
10第一定界壁
11间隙
12顶壁
13第二定界壁
14活塞环密封件
15活塞环密封间隙
16轴2的外圆周表面
17轴承壳体内圆周表面
18轴承壳体5的油腔
19漏斗状出口
20流动导向元件/角撑板
21涡轮机侧轴承座
22砂芯
23,24表面
25,26突出部
27凹陷
28机械加工模型
29用于油收集腔的车出部分
30压缩机侧径向轴承衬套
L增压器轴线
R径向方向
LU空气流动
平滑的切线过渡
油流动
S1,S2表面

Claims (6)

1.一种排气涡轮增压器(1),
-具有一根轴(2),该轴上安排了一个压缩机叶轮(3)和一个涡轮机叶轮(4);并且
-具有一个轴承壳体(5),
该轴承壳体具有一个涡轮机侧径向轴承衬套(6)并且
该轴承壳体具有安排在该涡轮机侧径向轴承衬套(6)与一个涡轮机侧轴承壳体末端区域(8)之间的一个油收集腔(7);
其中
-该轴(2)具有一个台肩(9),该台肩在径向方向(R)上向外延伸到该油收集腔(7)内,并且该台肩与该油收集腔(7)的一个径向轴承侧第一定界壁(10)一起界定了一个间隙(11);
其中该油收集腔的第一定界壁(10)、一个顶壁(12)以及一个第二定界壁(13)是机加工的;
其中在该油收集腔(7)与安排在该轴承壳体末端区域(8)中的一个活塞环密封件(14)之间、在该轴(2)的一个外圆周表面(16)与一个轴承壳体内圆周表面(17)之间安排了一个活塞环密封间隙(15)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的排气涡轮增压器,其中该顶壁(12)向下倾斜至该第二定界壁(13)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的排气涡轮增压器,其中该油收集腔(7)连接至该轴承壳体(5)的一个油腔(18)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的排气涡轮增压器,其中该油收集腔(7)具有进入该油腔(18)之内的一个漏斗状出口(19)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的排气涡轮增压器,其中在该漏斗状出口(19)中安排了一个角撑板状流动导向元件(20)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的排气涡轮增压器,其中该油收集腔的第一定界壁(10)、一个顶壁(12)以及一个第二定界壁(13)是车出的。
CN201180036708.7A 2010-08-24 2011-08-18 排气涡轮增压器 Expired - Fee Related CN103026026B (zh)

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