CN103002612B - Built-in porous heater - Google Patents
Built-in porous heater Download PDFInfo
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- CN103002612B CN103002612B CN201110278801.0A CN201110278801A CN103002612B CN 103002612 B CN103002612 B CN 103002612B CN 201110278801 A CN201110278801 A CN 201110278801A CN 103002612 B CN103002612 B CN 103002612B
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- boron nitride
- porous
- heater
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- tube
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- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical group [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005254 chromizing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- BGOFCVIGEYGEOF-UJPOAAIJSA-N helicin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O BGOFCVIGEYGEOF-UJPOAAIJSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035807 sensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical group NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000145637 Lepturus Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003961 penetration enhancing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000809 Alumel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101001038535 Pelodiscus sinensis Lysozyme C Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000005269 aluminizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001074085 Scophthalmus aquosus Species 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000386 athletic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a built-in porous heater. An integrated heating core is formed by circularly penetratingly winding a helical heating unit in a heating unit framework which is formed by closely arranging seven porous boron nitride tubes. The integrated heating core and a transitional leading out component are packaged in an armored casing and kept insulated from the shell. The heating body is connected with an outer lead line via a transition line, the transition line is in insulation protection with a joint of the outer lead line, and the joint, a thin tail end of a reducer tube and the outer lead line are fixedly sealed in a leading out section, so that integration between a heating element and a propelling chamber is realized. The built-in porous heater is applicable to heat control of an attitude and rail control propelling system for aerospace crafts, propellant medium utilized by an electric heating propeller passes through the built-in porous heater to directly contact with meshed porous electric heating materials so as to be heated up quickly, and the integrated heating core is high in heat exchange efficiency and low in power density. Electric heating performance, insulating performance and assembly performance of the built-in porous heater can meet requirements of the aerospace department.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the heating element of electric heating thruster inside in aerospace craft propulsion system, specifically be placed in a built-in porous heater for thruster inside, in the time of the mesh structural porous thermo electric material of propellant medium by heater, can be heated rapidly.
Background technology
Thruster is the propulsion system actuator that keeps or change aerospace craft orbit and athletic posture.The heating element of electric heating thruster can promote the temperature of propellant on the one hand to improve the specific impulse of thruster, thereby improves the efficiency of thruster; On the other hand, some propellant can directly be decomposed after electric heating in thruster, exempt from catalyst, thus the reliability of raising thruster.Therefore, in the world, no matter be military satellite or commercial satellite, electric heating thruster is all widely used in miniature propulsion system; In China, electric heating thruster is also in the development stage.
Heating element in electric heating thruster is its critical component.A kind of electric heating thruster of SSTL company of Britain development is for lifting track, the heater of its heater that adopts is nickel filament, propellant medium can be heated to 1000K, but power reaches 100W, volume is also larger, can not meet the needs of small electrothermal thruster.The SSTL company also heating properties of the integral heater to material with carbon element tests, and in the time that power is 30W, the propellant Xe of 0.09 Grams Per Second can be heated to 210 DEG C from normal temperature, but its heat resisting temperature is only 600 DEG C.Built-in porous heater in the present invention, in the time that power is 20W, the central temperature of heater can reach 700 DEG C, and it is little to have volume, and heating surface (area) (HS is large, and efficiency of heating surface advantages of higher can meet the requirement of compact low power electric heating thruster.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of built-in porous heater on electric heating thruster in aerospace craft propulsion system that is applied to is provided, this heater heat exchange area is large, and power density is low, and volume is little, insulation and good seal performance; Heating element is built-in and realized with thrust chamber integrated.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of built-in porous heater, comprises that integrated heating core, armouring housing, transition draw assembly, the section of drawing and outer lead;
Described integrated heating core comprises heater and heater skeleton; Heater is bar shaped helical form, its material is mesh structural porous nichrome or mesh structural porous nichrome aluminum alloy, heater skeleton is formed through solid matter by seven boron nitride tubes, and described solid matter is specially symmetry arrangement centered by the boron nitride tube of six roots of sensation periphery boron nitride tube Yi Yigen center; Center boron nitride tube inner axial tube is placed partition, and the two ends of periphery boron nitride tube have notch, and heater back and forth installs into periphery boron nitride tube successively through notch; Between boron nitride tube, fix with inorganic glue;
Described armouring housing comprises stainless steel cylinder, ring flange and reducer pipe, and stainless steel cylinder and reducer pipe weld together by ring flange, and integrated heating core is encapsulated in stainless steel cylinder, and the fairlead of transition wire is left at ring flange center;
The insulating material part that assembly comprises transition wire and compound composition is drawn in described transition, and transition wire is multiply nichrome wire, and its sectional area is 4～5 times of the true sectional area of heater; The insulating material part of compound composition comprises diplopore boron nitride disk, quartz ampoule, inorganic glue and fine magnesium oxide micro-powder; Diplopore boron nitride disk utilizes inorganic glue to be bonded between integrated heating core and ring flange, (between two transition wires, insulating ensureing) drawn in its one end of transition wire and the heater two ends partition both sides in the porous boron nitride pipe of Hou Cong center that are connected, then two holes on diplopore boron nitride disk enter in reducer pipe, transition wire is connected with outer lead after drawing reducer pipe, transition wire overcoat quartz ampoule in reducer pipe, filling inorganic glue and fine magnesium oxide micro-powder in reducer pipe; Draw in two transition wires, two holes on diplopore boron nitride disk, to ensure the insulation of heater and armour body.
After transition wire and outer lead tie point are coated with heat-shrinkable T bush, adopt high temperature resistant epoxy that its sealing together with reducer pipe end, in stainless steel tube, is formed to the section of drawing; Described transition wire is multiply nickel filament (the quality percentage composition 80% of nickel, the quality percentage composition 20% of chromium), and described outer lead is multiply silver-plated copper wire (polyimide film is wrapped).
Described heater is to form three-dimensional netted loose structure by the hollow and thin-walled metal rib being interconnected, and its hole is interconnected, is evenly distributed; Porosity is 90～98%, and aperture size is 90～110PPI; In described mesh structural porous nichrome, the quality percentage composition of chromium is 18～35%; In described mesh structural porous nichrome aluminum alloy, the quality percentage composition of chromium is 18～35%, and the quality percentage composition of aluminium is 2～10%.
Described heater is that porous nickel mesh is processed as after the spiral helicine nickel foam of bar shaped, to carrying out vacuum heat after the chromising of the spiral helicine nickel foam employing of bar shaped solid phase chromium implements, obtains mesh structural porous nichrome; Or spiral helicine bar shaped nickel foam is adopted to solid phase chromising, after aluminising, carries out vacuum heat again, obtain mesh structural porous nichrome aluminum alloy.
Described boron nitride tube is to utilize laser drilling on every boron nitride tube wall, to make evenly intensive hole, and pipe two ends fluting is made; The two ends otch of boron nitride tube, in order to install and fixing heater.
Its hole of described boron nitride tube is uniformly distributed on the circumference of pipe, and adjacent two round holes are spaced, and arrange neighbour on the perpendicular bisector of two hole circle center line connectings in the center of circle of some holes; The hole gross area is greater than 50% of tube wall area;
The internal diameter of described periphery boron nitride tube is 3～5mm, and wall thickness is 0.2～0.5mm, and length is 10～15mm; Described center its length of boron nitride tube be periphery boron nitride tube 4/5ths to 1/2nd between, its thickness is that between a times to two times of periphery boron nitride tube, its internal diameter is identical with periphery boron nitride tube;
Described partition is bar shaped boron nitride, and its length is identical with length and the wall thickness of center boron nitride tube respectively with thickness, and its width is identical with the internal diameter of center boron nitride tube;
Described reducer pipe is made up of thin-walled reducer pipe and light-wall pipe, and thin-walled reducer pipe and light-wall pipe weld together by connecting ring; Described quartz ampoule is thick single hole quartz ampoule and thin single hole quartz ampoule, the thick single hole quartz ampoule of the part overcoat of transition wire in light-wall pipe, the thin single hole quartz ampoule of the part overcoat of transition wire in thin-walled reducer pipe; Filling inorganic glue in light-wall pipe, filling fine magnesium oxide micro-powder in thin-walled reducer pipe.
After described transition wire is fixed in light-wall pipe, transition wire is cut off at fold point place, every transition wire is split as two strands of transition wires; Connecting ring is enclosed within to the joint of light-wall pipe and thin-walled reducer pipe, adopts pulse laser to weld to connecting ring and light-wall pipe lap-joint and connecting ring and thin-walled reducer pipe lap-joint; On four strands of transition wires, put respectively thin single hole quartz ampoule, to filling fine magnesium oxide micro-powder in thin-walled reducer pipe, fixing thin single hole quartz ampoule and transition wire; After transition wire is drawn from thin-walled reducer pipe, utilize energy-accumulating spot welder that two strands of nickel filaments of every transition wire are welded again at gap.
Described inorganic glue is silicate refractory inorganic adhesive, and its solid phase composition and liquid phase ingredient mass ratio are 2: 1; Liquid phase ingredient is potassium silicate solution, its modulus ratio SiO
2/ K
2o=4; Solid phase composition is that SiO 2 powder and alumina powder mix, the mass ratio of SiO 2 powder and alumina powder 3: 1; In SiO 2 powder, the mass ratio of different-grain diameter silicon dioxide is 10 nanometers: 1000 orders: 600 orders: 400 orders: 200 order=1: 2: 2.5: 2.5: 2; In alumina powder, the mass ratio of different-grain diameter aluminium oxide is 1200 orders: 40 order=2: 8.
Boron nitride ring is placed in described integrated heating core lower end, and described ring flange is circular, and there is the step with the welding of stainless steel cylinder upper end in edge; Described stainless steel cylinder upper end open, lower end has MEDIA FLOW to portal, and has MEDIA FLOW hand-hole on barrel.
Described high temperature resistant epoxy is that after being mixed by epoxy resin, curing agent and fine magnesium oxide micro-powder, room temperature is placed 24 hours curing forming, and the part by weight of epoxy resin, curing agent and fine magnesium oxide micro-powder is 10: 10: 1, and described curing agent is diethylenetriamine; Described thick single hole quartz ampoule and light-wall pipe are isometric, and its material of described heat-shrinkable T bush is polytetrafluoroethylene.
Above-mentioned built-in porous heater is applied in aerospace craft appearance, rail control thruster thermal controls apparatus used.
The built-in porous heater of the present invention, the resistance value of its integrated heating core is determined by resistivity, sectional area and the length of mesh structural porous heater; Its power density is determined by helical form heater diameter, pitch and heater skeleton length, diameter; Its rate of heat exchange is determined by the specific area of mesh structural porous material and the volume of heater.
Stainless steel cylinder is the armour body of integrated heating core, is also the shell of electric heating thruster thrust chamber, and its tail end is that the MEDIA FLOW after heating or decomposition is portalled, and leaves the technique step being connected with Laval nozzle; Its front end and ring flange seam, have tangential hole on its barrel, as the inflow entrance of propellant, integrated heating core is contained in stainless steel cylinder, and tail end is separated with boron nitride ring, is separated with diplopore boron nitride disk near ring flange end, two transition wires are drawn through hole, to ensure the insulation of heater and armour body.Light-wall pipe and thin-walled reducer pipe are welded together with stainless steel connecting ring, transition is drawn assembly and is mounted in it.The design of armouring housing has realized heating element and thrust chamber is integrated.
The encapsulation technology of the built-in porous heater of the present invention adopts high and low temperature to encapsulate respectively and lengthen the scheme of seal distance.In high temperature section, between transition wire, diplopore boron nitride disk and armouring housing near ring flange, adopt inorganic glue sealing and filling inorganic glue in the light-wall pipe of stainless steel material; Filling fine magnesium oxide micro-powder in low-temperature zone, thin-walled reducer pipe, and adopt high temperature resistant epoxy by transition wire and thin-walled reducer pipe taper end sealing.
Preparation technology's concrete steps of above-mentioned integrated heating core are as follows:
1) preparation of boron nitride tube and boron nitride sheet
Adopt chemical vapour deposition technique on the carbon-point of various outer diameter or carbon plate, to deposit the boron nitride tube of different-thickness and length, remove the carbon in boron nitride tube or on carbon plate by the method for machinery and calcining, obtain boron nitride tube or boron nitride partition;
2) boron nitride tube punching
Determine the parameters such as the number, aperture, pitch of holes of length, the hole of periphery boron nitride tube and center boron nitride tube, set pulse laser machining machine equipment parameter, punch by designing requirement.
3) cutting of boron nitride tube and boron nitride sheet
Use scribing cut-off machine of many that boron nitride tube and the boron nitride sheet of accomplishing fluently hole are cut by design size, then clean up.
4) porous boron nitride end surfaces otch
By 7 boron nitride tube close-packed arrays, center is slightly short boron nitride tube, and each pipe front end face alignment, then ties up fastening with fine wire; With miniature brill according to designing requirement at the upper and lower end face of heat generating core otch, when operation, slowly polish, avoid large stretch of boron nitride to come off.Heater skeleton front end face between the first periphery boron nitride tube to the six periphery boron nitride tubes across in tangent front end face double-walled notch three places that open of two pipes, be respectively the first periphery boron nitride tube and the second tangent place of periphery boron nitride tube, the 3rd periphery boron nitride tube and the tangent place of boron nitride tube, 4th week limit, the 5th periphery boron nitride tube and the 6th tangent place of periphery boron nitride tube; Heater skeleton rear end face is opened rear end face double-walled notch two places at the second periphery boron nitride tube and the 3rd tangent place of periphery boron nitride tube, 4th week limit boron nitride tube and the 5th tangent place of periphery boron nitride tube; Heater skeleton rear end face is opened single wall notch two places at the first periphery boron nitride tube and the tangent extended spot of center boron nitride tube, the 6th periphery boron nitride tube and the tangent extended spot of center boron nitride tube.
5) preparation of bar shaped helical form heater
Nickel foam sheet material is processed into the bar shaped of required size with numerically controlled wire cutting machine, then in thin ceramic tubes, be wound up as helical form, after cleaning-drying, through solid phase chromising (or aluminising again after chromising), vacuum heat then, obtain the spiral helicine nickel chromium triangle of bar shaped or the nickel chromium triangle aluminium heater of three-dimensional netted porous.
6) heater wear around
Heater penetrates from the first periphery boron nitride tube rear end, then passes through successively the second periphery boron nitride tube to the six periphery boron nitride tubes and front end face double-walled notch, rear end face double-walled notch, finally passes from the 6th periphery boron nitride tube rear end; Heater two ends penetrate in the boron nitride tube of center and are drawn by transition wire through single wall notch again; Each bending place of bar shaped helical form heater must embed each notch; Be specially: the spiral helicine heater of bar shaped is put into from the first periphery boron nitride tube rear end, arrive after the first periphery boron nitride tube front end, enter from the second periphery boron nitride tube front end again, arrive behind the second periphery boron nitride tube rear end, enter again the 3rd periphery boron nitride tube, reciprocal successively, finally from the 6th periphery boron nitride tube, pass, then the heater two ends in the first periphery boron nitride tube and the 6th periphery boron nitride tube and two transition wires are welded respectively, then transition wire is drawn from the boron nitride tube of center, ensure that two pads are in the boron nitride tube of center; When heater enters another root boron nitride tube from a boron nitride tube, its bending place will embed each double-walled notch, when heater two ends enter center boron nitride tube after being connected with transition wire, enter via two single wall notches.
7) electricity of heater is drawn
Whole doubling of every transition wire, two one end reciprocating folding types that close up termination are as lap-joint, and the other end is as being wound around silk; The termination of heater and the lap-joint of transition wire mediate, and adopt impulsed spot welding with being wound around after silk is fixed; Two transition wires are drawn from the boron nitride tube of center, and partition by two transition wires separately, prevents short circuit, and ensures that tie point is in the boron nitride tube of center.
8) heater skeleton is fixing
To wear around the periphery six roots of sensation boron nitride tube of heater and center boron nitride tube according to putting in order and otch position inorganic glue cements and places certain hour and solidifies.
The preparation method of above-mentioned bar shaped helical form heater is: described porous nickel mesh is made up through conductive treatment, plating and reduction sintering of polyurethane foam; Porous nickel mesh is processed as after slice shape, according to the structure of built-in porous heater and technical indicator, determines coiling spiral shell footpath and pitch, is wound in helical form, makes bar shaped helical form nickel foam.
Nickel foam solid phase chromium implements is powder embedding chromium implements, powder embedding chromium implements is carried out in tube type high-temperature furnace, wherein: 950～1100 DEG C of temperature, temperature retention time 10～60min, after penetration enhancer is mixed by alumina powder (1200 order), chromium powder (300 order) and ammonium chloride (analyzing pure) and through fully grinding and form, the weight percent of alumina powder, chromium powder and ammonium chloride is that content is (70～83): (15～25): (2～5).
Described solid phase alitizing is pack aluminizing method, after solid phase chromising, carry out again solid phase aluminising in the spiral helicine nickel foam of bar shaped, pack aluminizing method is carried out in tube type high-temperature furnace, wherein: 700～800 DEG C of temperature, temperature retention time 10～40min, after penetration enhancer is mixed by alumina powder (1200 order), alumel (chemical pure) and ammonium chloride (analyzing pure) and through fully grinding and form, the part by weight of alumina powder, alumel and ammonium chloride is (80～83): 15: (2～5).
When the chromising of described powder investment and aluminising, first vacuumize 30min with mechanical pump, remove the oxygen in tube type high-temperature furnace, pipeline and penetration enhancer, then pass into protective gas (pure argon), protective gas is carried out deoxygenation and removes water treatment simultaneously.Adopt active nickel oxygen scavenger to remove oxygen, adopt 4A molecular sieve to remove water.When chromising or aluminising, penetration enhancer and sample are loaded in quartz ampoule or alumina tube to high silica cloth or nickel foil sealing for two ends.
Described vacuum heat-treating method is, the sample after chromising or aluminising is put into vacuum furnace, and vacuum degree is (1～5) × 10
-3pa, is heated to after 1000～1100 DEG C, and insulation 2～10h, then cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains mesh structural porous thermo electric material, and cooldown rate is determined by material requirements.
Described porous nickel mesh, according to structure and the technical indicator of built-in porous heater, determines its specification and size.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1. to select the mesh structural porous electrothermal alloy of bigger serface be heating material in the present invention, increased the contact area of propellant medium and heater, thereby improve the efficiency of heating element, makes the present invention can be applicable to the research and development of small size low-power consumption electric heating thruster.
2. the present invention adopts bar shaped helical form heater, can meet the required high resistance of built-in porous heater and small size requirement; It is the skeleton of heat generating core that the present invention adopts porous boron nitride pipe, and it not only plays and support and insulating effect heater, and can not hinder the circulation of propellant medium; Helical form heater is back and forth installed on being integrally formed heat generating core in skeleton, is the basis that makes built-in heater.
3. the present invention adopts Laser Welding technology that stainless steel cylinder, ring flange are formed to armouring housing together with thin-wall pipe welding, and Laser Welding heat affected area is little, and fusion penetration is large, and weld seam is not revealed, and ensures air-tightness; .
4. to adopt light-wall pipe and thin-walled reducer pipe be the armour body that assembly is drawn in transition in the present invention, can greatly reduce heat conduction, reduces the temperature of the built-in porous heater section of drawing.
5. the present invention adopts respectively self-control inorganic sealant and two kinds of encapsulant technology of high temperature resistant epoxy in high temperature section and the low-temperature zone of device, and by extending seal length, to ensure that air-tightness meets the requirement of electric heating thruster.
6. the present invention adopts inorganic glue and fine magnesium oxide micro-powder that the single hole quartz ampoule of transition wire and overcoat is fixed in thin-walled reducer pipe, improves the impact resistance of device, in use can not break and affect the insulation of device.
7. in the present invention, integrated heating core and transition are drawn assembly and are arranged in armouring housing, have realized heating element and thrust chamber is integrated, are convenient to be combined with other assembly of thruster, improve integral installation and reliability.
In a word, the present invention adopts design and the reliable implementing process of unique exothermic material, novelty, develops the heating element that meets the requirement of electric heating thruster thermal controls apparatus---built-in porous heater.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the built-in porous heater assembly of the present invention structural representation.
Fig. 2 is heater of the present invention and transition wire connection diagram.
Fig. 3 is heater skeleton structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is heater skeleton front end face structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is integrated heating core rear end face structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is integrated heating core front end face structural representation of the present invention.
In figure: 1 outer lead, 2 stainless steel tubes, 3 thin-walled reducer pipes, 4 connecting rings, 5 light-wall pipes, 6 ring flanges, 7 MEDIA FLOW hand-holes, 8 stainless steel cylinders, 9 high temperature resistant epoxies, 10 outer lead joints, 11 heat-shrinkable T bushs, 12 sub-thread transition wires, 13 thin single hole quartz ampoules, 14 fine magnesium oxide micro-powders, 15 bifilar transition wires, 16 thick single hole quartz ampoules, 17 inorganic glue, 18 diplopore boron nitride disks, 19 integrated heating cores, 20 heaters, 21 center boron nitride tubes, 22 transition contacts, 23 boron nitride rings, 24 partitions, 25 first periphery boron nitride tubes, 26 second periphery boron nitride tubes, 27 the 3rd periphery boron nitride tubes, 28 4th week limit boron nitride tubes, 29 the 5th periphery boron nitride tubes, 30 the 6th periphery boron nitride tubes, 31 front end face double-walled notches, 32 rear end face double-walled notches, 33 is rear end face single wall notch, in figure, identical numbering has same meaning.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment and accompanying drawing in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Taking the required heating element of electric heating hydrazine thruster as example, and with reference to figure 1-6.
Foam nickel material is cut into the strip of 1.5mm × 1.2mm × 1000mm, with the specification coiled of pitch 0.5mm and spiral shell footpath 1.0mm, utilize solid phase to ooze aluminising again after technology chromising thereon or chromising, the three-dimensional netted porous nickel chromium triangle forming or the heater of nichrome aluminum alloy after vacuum heat.
Utilize the hole of evenly getting thick and fast aperture Φ 1.0mm, pitch-row 1.8mm on the boron nitride tube that laser machine is 25mm in length (diameter 5mm, wall thickness 0.5mm) tube wall, make porous boron nitride pipe; With slotting on the miniature tube wall that is drilled in pipe two ends, width and the degree of depth of notch are 1.5～2.0mm simultaneously.7 porous boron nitride Guan Liufang solid matters are formed to heater skeleton, and the center boron nitride tube 21 of skeleton is slightly short, is 20mm, assigns a boron nitride partition 24 in pipe.Helical form heater 20 is back and forth worn in 6 porous boron nitride pipes of center boron nitride tube 21 peripheries, and installed and fix by the notch at boron nitride tube two ends, form integrated heating core.
The 80Ni20Cr B alloy wire that is 200mm using Φ 0.3mm length is as transition wire, and every transition wire must whole doubling, and two one end reciprocating folding types that close up termination are as lap-joint, and the other end is as being wound around silk; The termination of heater and the lap-joint of transition wire mediate, and adopt impulsed spot welding with being wound around after silk is fixed; Two transition wires are drawn through center boron nitride tube 21, must ensure to insulate between two transition wires.Again transition wire is fixed in two Φ 0.6mm holes at diplopore BN disk 18 (diameter 25mm, thickness 0.5mm contact with skeleton) center by inorganic glue, on every bifilar transition wire 15, puts thick single hole quartz ampoule 16, form transition and draw assembly high-temperature section.
Utilize laser welder that ring flange 6 (there is the hole of Φ 4.5mm at center for diameter 25mm, thickness 3mm) and light-wall pipe 5 (wall thickness 0.15mm, external diameter 4.5mm, length 20mm) are welded together; Recycling inorganic glue is drawn transition diplopore BN disk 18 use inorganic glue in assembly high-temperature section and is fixed on the inner side of ring flange 6, allows cover have the bifilar transition wire 15 of thick single hole quartz ampoule 16 to pass from light-wall pipe 5.
First BN ring 23 is put into stainless steel cylinder 8 tail ends, then putting into stainless steel cylinder 8 with the integrated heating core of ring flange 6, then utilize laser welder by ring flange 6 and 8 seam of stainless steel cylinder.In the light-wall pipe 5 of transition wire that overcoat single hole quartz ampoule is housed, be filled with inorganic glue 17; The transition wire stretching out is split into sub-thread transition wire 12 and is inserted in respectively thin single hole quartz ampoule 13, then penetrate thin-walled reducer pipe 3 (wall thickness 0.15mm; Thick section external diameter 4.5mm, length 5mm; Thin segment external diameter 2.5mm, length 35mm), and be filled with fine magnesium oxide micro-powder 14.By stainless steel connecting ring 4, light-wall pipe 5 and thin-walled reducer pipe 3 are welded together with laser welder.
The transition wire Split Down again of stretching out from thin-walled reducer pipe 3 taper ends, adopt mechanical grip, the scolding tin reinforcing mode polyimide film wrapped silver-plated copper outer lead 1 long with 500mm to be connected; After coated transition wire outer lead joint 10 use polytetrafluoro heat-shrinkable T bushs 11, adopt high temperature resistant epoxy 9 sealings in stainless steel tube 2 (diameter 3.4mm).
After built-in porous heater is made, measuring its resistance value is 36 Ω, and normal temperature insulation is greater than 250M Ω/250VD.C.In vacuum, examination in useful life condition is: rated power 20W, and central temperature is not less than 700 DEG C, and power on/off each two minutes is a circulation.Examination in useful life in vacuum, built-in porous heater is stablized power on/off and is exceeded 20,000 circulations, reaches the technical indicator of space flight department.
Claims (10)
1. a built-in porous heater, is characterized in that: comprise that integrated heating core, armouring housing, transition draw assembly, the section of drawing and outer lead;
Described integrated heating core comprises heater and heater skeleton; Heater is bar shaped helical form, its material is mesh structural porous nichrome or mesh structural porous nichrome aluminum alloy, heater skeleton is formed through solid matter by seven boron nitride tubes, and described solid matter is specially symmetry arrangement centered by the boron nitride tube of six roots of sensation periphery boron nitride tube Yi Yigen center; Center boron nitride tube inner axial tube is placed partition, and the two ends of periphery boron nitride tube have notch, and heater back and forth installs into periphery boron nitride tube successively through notch; Between boron nitride tube, fix with inorganic glue;
Described armouring housing comprises stainless steel cylinder, ring flange and reducer pipe, and stainless steel cylinder and reducer pipe weld together by ring flange, and integrated heating core is encapsulated in stainless steel cylinder, and the fairlead of transition wire is left at ring flange center;
The insulating material part that assembly comprises transition wire and compound composition is drawn in described transition, and transition wire is multiply nichrome wire, and its sectional area is 4～5 times of the true sectional area of heater; The insulating material part of compound composition comprises diplopore boron nitride disk, quartz ampoule, inorganic glue and fine magnesium oxide micro-powder; Diplopore boron nitride disk utilizes inorganic glue to be bonded between integrated heating core and ring flange, draw the partition both sides in the porous boron nitride pipe of Hou Cong center that are connected with heater two ends, one end of transition wire, then two holes on diplopore boron nitride disk enter in reducer pipe, transition wire is connected with outer lead after drawing reducer pipe, transition wire overcoat quartz ampoule in reducer pipe, filling inorganic glue and fine magnesium oxide micro-powder in reducer pipe;
After transition wire and outer lead tie point are coated with heat-shrinkable T bush, adopt high temperature resistant epoxy that transition wire in stainless steel tube, is formed to the section of drawing with tie point sealing together with reducer pipe end of outer lead; Described transition wire is multiply nickel filament, and described outer lead is multiply silver-plated copper wire.
2. built-in porous heater according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described heater is to form three-dimensional netted loose structure by the hollow and thin-walled metal rib being interconnected, and its hole is interconnected, is evenly distributed; Porosity is 90～98%, and aperture size is 90～110PPI; In described mesh structural porous nichrome, the quality percentage composition of chromium is 18～35%; In described mesh structural porous nichrome aluminum alloy, the quality percentage composition of chromium is 18～35%, and the quality percentage composition of aluminium is 2～10%.
3. built-in porous heater according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described heater is that porous nickel mesh is processed as after the spiral helicine nickel foam of bar shaped, after the spiral helicine nickel foam of bar shaped is adopted to the chromising of solid phase chromium implements, carry out vacuum heat, obtain mesh structural porous nichrome; Or spiral helicine bar shaped nickel foam is adopted to solid phase chromising, after aluminising, carries out vacuum heat again, obtain mesh structural porous nichrome aluminum alloy.
4. built-in porous heater according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described boron nitride tube is to utilize laser drilling on every boron nitride tube wall, to make evenly intensive hole, and pipe two ends fluting is made;
The hole of described boron nitride tube is uniformly distributed on the circumference of pipe, and adjacent two round holes are spaced, and arrange neighbour on the perpendicular bisector of two hole circle center line connectings in the center of circle of some holes; The hole gross area is greater than 50% of tube wall area;
The internal diameter of described periphery boron nitride tube is 3～5mm, and wall thickness is 0.2～0.5mm, and length is 10～15mm; Described center its length of boron nitride tube be periphery boron nitride tube 4/5ths to 1/2nd between, its thickness is that between a times to two times of periphery boron nitride tube, its internal diameter is identical with periphery boron nitride tube;
Described partition is bar shaped boron nitride, and its length is identical with length and the wall thickness of center boron nitride tube respectively with thickness, and its width is identical with the internal diameter of center boron nitride tube.
5. built-in porous heater according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described reducer pipe is made up of thin-walled reducer pipe and light-wall pipe, and thin-walled reducer pipe and light-wall pipe weld together by connecting ring; Described quartz ampoule is thick single hole quartz ampoule and thin single hole quartz ampoule, the thick single hole quartz ampoule of the part overcoat of transition wire in light-wall pipe, the thin single hole quartz ampoule of the part overcoat of transition wire in thin-walled reducer pipe; Filling inorganic glue in light-wall pipe, filling fine magnesium oxide micro-powder in thin-walled reducer pipe.
6. built-in porous heater according to claim 5, is characterized in that: after described transition wire is fixed in light-wall pipe, transition wire is cut off at fold point place, every transition wire is split as two strands of transition wires; Connecting ring is enclosed within to the joint of light-wall pipe and thin-walled reducer pipe, adopts pulse laser to weld to connecting ring and light-wall pipe lap-joint and connecting ring and thin-walled reducer pipe lap-joint; On four strands of transition wires, put respectively thin single hole quartz ampoule, to filling fine magnesium oxide micro-powder in thin-walled reducer pipe, fixing thin single hole quartz ampoule and transition wire; After transition wire is drawn from thin-walled reducer pipe, utilize energy-accumulating spot welder that two strands of nickel filaments of every transition wire are welded again at gap.
7. built-in porous heater according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described inorganic glue is silicate refractory inorganic adhesive, its solid phase composition and liquid phase ingredient mass ratio are 2:1; Liquid phase ingredient is potassium silicate solution, its modulus ratio SiO
2/ K
2o=4; Solid phase composition is that SiO 2 powder and alumina powder mix, the mass ratio 3:1 of SiO 2 powder and alumina powder; In SiO 2 powder, the mass ratio of different-grain diameter silicon dioxide is 10 nanometers: 1000 orders: 600 orders: 400 orders: 200 orders=1:2:2.5:2.5:2; In alumina powder, the mass ratio of different-grain diameter aluminium oxide is 1200 orders: 40 orders=2:8.
8. built-in porous heater according to claim 1, is characterized in that: boron nitride ring is placed in described integrated heating core lower end, and described ring flange is circular, and there is the step with the welding of stainless steel cylinder upper end in edge; Described stainless steel cylinder upper end open, lower end has MEDIA FLOW to portal, and has MEDIA FLOW hand-hole on barrel.
9. built-in porous heater according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described high temperature resistant epoxy is that after being mixed by epoxy resin, curing agent and fine magnesium oxide micro-powder, room temperature is placed 24 hours curing forming, the part by weight of epoxy resin, curing agent and fine magnesium oxide micro-powder is 10:10:1, and described curing agent is diethylenetriamine; Described thick single hole quartz ampoule and light-wall pipe are isometric, and the material of described heat-shrinkable T bush is polytetrafluoroethylene.
10. an application for built-in porous heater as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described built-in porous heater is applied in aerospace craft appearance, rail control thruster thermal controls apparatus used.
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| CN110726320A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2020-01-24 | 沈阳工程学院 | Electric heating protective sleeve for solid electric heat storage furnace |
| CN112543521A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-03-23 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Spiral high-temperature armored heater of high-energy propulsion system for satellite |
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| CN201252650Y (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-06-03 | 杨栋 | Low pressure heating element and heating device for heating liquid |
| KR101036509B1 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2011-05-24 | 정광호 | Apparatus for making hot water using carbon heater |
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