CN103009595A - 生产树脂组合物的方法 - Google Patents
生产树脂组合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103009595A CN103009595A CN2012103602013A CN201210360201A CN103009595A CN 103009595 A CN103009595 A CN 103009595A CN 2012103602013 A CN2012103602013 A CN 2012103602013A CN 201210360201 A CN201210360201 A CN 201210360201A CN 103009595 A CN103009595 A CN 103009595A
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Abstract
本申请目的在于提供生产树脂组合物的方法,其中对包含在树脂组合物中的纤维填料的纤维长度进行控制。本发明是生产树脂组合物的方法,该方法包括向挤出机进料树脂(A)和树脂(B)、熔融捏合并随后挤出它们的步骤,其中挤出机包括机筒、安装在机筒内的螺杆、设在机筒上的主进料口和沿挤出方向设在主进料口后方的侧进料口,一部分树脂(A)和一部分重均纤维长度不小于1mm的纤维填料(B)从主进料口进料,而其余部分的树脂(A)以及其余部分的重均纤维长度不小于1mm的纤维填料(B)从侧进料口进料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生产包含纤维填料的树脂组合物的方法。
背景技术
液晶聚酯已经用作电气电子组件和光学组件的材料,因为它们具有良好的模塑加工性能,具有高耐热性和强度,并具有良好的电绝缘性。
液晶聚酯的特征在于,在模塑时,其分子链易于取向为沿流动方向,因此在流动方向和正交方向之间容易产生模后收缩和机械性能的各向异性。由于这个原因,它们已经与各种形式如纤维形式或板状形式的填料结合使用以降低各向异性。
在向液晶聚酯中掺混纤维填料时,需要控制填料的平均纤维长度以获得所需的流动性或可塑性和所需的模制品强度。
在JP-A-6240114中,通过注塑由玻璃纤维加强的液晶树脂组合物制备的小球来测定注塑中的流动长度(flow length)和模制品的收缩,所述组合物包含(A) 100重量份的至少一种液晶树脂,其选自能够形成各向异性的熔融相的液晶聚酯树脂、和液晶聚酰胺酯树脂,和(B) 5-300重量份的平均纤维直径为3-15μm的玻璃纤维,其中所述组合物小球中的重均纤维长度在0.02-0.55mm的范围内,纤维长度大于1mm的玻璃纤维的比例是整个玻璃纤维重量的0-15%,而纤维长度至多0.1mm的玻璃纤维的比例是整个玻璃纤维重量的0-50%。然而,该技术不是在填充玻璃纤维时控制重量比或平均纤维长度的技术。
此外,引入事先在平均纤维长度方面经过均一化的纤维填料使得控制液晶聚酯组合物中填料的平均纤维长度成为可能,但是它需要在引入之前根据纤维长度对纤维填料进行分选,因而耗费时间和成本。
发明内容
本发明是在上述情形下发明的,它试图提供生产树脂组合物的方法,其中对包含在树脂组合物中的纤维填料的纤维长度进行控制。它还试图提供一种方法,通过该方法可以经济地生产树脂组合物,其中该树脂组合物中所含的纤维填料的纤维长度得到控制。
本发明是生产树脂组合物的方法,该方法包括向挤出机进料树脂(A)和树脂(B)、熔融捏合并随后挤出它们的步骤,其中挤出机包括筒体、安装在筒体内的螺杆、设在筒体上的主进料口和沿挤出方向设在主进料口后方的侧进料口,一部分树脂(A)和一部分重均纤维长度不小于1mm的纤维填料(B)经主进料口进料,而其余部分的树脂(A)以及其余部分的重均纤维长度不小于1mm的纤维填料(B)经侧进料口进料。
优选地,在本发明中,进料到挤出机的树脂(A)的量为80-55重量%,而进料到挤出机的纤维填料(B)的量为20-45重量%,其中树脂(A)和纤维填料(B)的总和计为100重量%。
优选地,X1/X2=55/45至70/30 (X1+X2=100),Y1/Y2=75/25至25/75 (Y1+Y2=100),以及X2/Y2=90/10至45/55 (X2+Y2=100),其中X1表示进料到主进料口的所述一部分树脂(A)的量,Y1表示进料到主进料口的所述一部分纤维填料(B)的量,X2表示进料到侧进料口的所述其余部分的树脂(A)的量,Y2表示进料到侧进料口的所述其余部分的纤维填料(B)的量,且X1+X2+Y1+Y2=100重量%。
本发明中,树脂(A)优选为液晶聚酯。
本发明中,纤维填料(B)优选为选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维和氧化铝纤维的无机填料。
根据本发明,可以经济地生产树脂组合物,其中该树脂组合物中所含的纤维填料的纤维长度得到控制。
附图说明
图1是显示了可用于本发明的挤出机的一个实例的截面示意图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图,描述了本发明的树脂组合物生产方法的实施方式。
本发明使用的挤出机不局限于图1所示的挤出机,但它优选为包括筒体、一根或多根安装在筒体内的螺杆,和设在筒体上的两个或更多个进料口(主进料口和侧进料口)的挤出机,且更优选为在筒体上设有一个或多个排气口的挤出机。
本发明使用的挤出机的例子包括单螺杆挤出机和双螺杆挤出机。这类双螺杆挤出机的例子包括同向单头至三头螺杆挤出机、异向平行轴型挤出机和倾斜轴型或不完全啮合型(incompletely engaging type)挤出机。特别地,优选同向双螺杆挤出机。
图1所示的挤出机10具有装在马达仓1a内的马达1,邻近马达仓1a布置的筒体2,和插入筒体2内并连接到马达1的螺杆3。图1所示的挤出机10是双螺杆挤出机,其中两根螺杆3已经插入筒体2中。
筒体2设有主进料口5,通过它将树脂(A)和纤维填料(B)进料到筒体2内,侧进料口7,通过它将树脂(A)和纤维填料(B)在沿挤出方向位于主进料口5后方(下游)的位置进料到筒体2内,第一排气口4和第二排气口6,通过它们排出筒体2内产生的挥发性组分(气体),和出口模头9,通过它形成熔融捏合的树脂组合物(树脂(A)和纤维填料(B)的混合物)。
筒体2在最上游的位置(位于马达仓1附近的位置)设有主进料口5,且自主进料口5往下游侧(沿挤出方向的后方;在模头9侧)依次设有侧进料口7、第一排气口4和第二排气口6,并在筒体2的下游末端设有出口模头9,其具有与筒体2内部连通的喷嘴孔9a。
主进料口5和侧进料口7均具有连接到筒体2内部的料斗和以固定质量或固定体积进料树脂(A)和纤维填料(B)的进料器。进料器的进料系统的例子包括带式系统、螺旋式系统、振动式系统和盘式系统。
第一排气口4和第二排气口6的系统的例子包括开放至大气的开式排气系统,和通过与泵连接来维持真空的真空排气系统,其中所述泵例如水封泵、旋转泵、油扩散泵及涡轮泵。
螺杆3具有用于输送树脂组合物的输送段8;在主进料口5和侧进料口7之间具有用于塑化和捏合树脂组合物的第一捏合段11;在侧进料口7和第一排气口4之间具有用于塑化和捏合树脂组合物的第二捏合段12;且在第一排气口4和第二排气口6之间具有用于捏合树脂组合物的第三捏合段13。此外,它在第一排气口4和第二排气口6之间还可具有第四捏合段和第五捏合段。在这一实施方式中,优选充分控制筒体温度以抑制剪切加热。
螺杆3通过组合螺杆元件构成。通常,输送段8由正向螺纹(全螺纹)螺杆元件构成,且第一捏合段11、第二捏合段12及第三捏合段13由螺杆元件如全螺纹、反向螺纹、密封圈、正向捏合盘、中性捏合盘和反向捏合盘组合构成。
优选地,第一捏合段11和第二捏合段12的元件各自使用具有如下构造的元件,在该构造中捏合盘相互叠置且捏合盘以大于0且小于90度的相角交错排列,和中性捏合元件(捏合盘以90度相角交错排列的构造)。
优选地,中性捏合元件用于第三捏合段13。
当螺杆3进一步具有沿挤出方向位于第三捏合段13后方(下游)的捏合段时,优选在位于最下游的捏合段使用中性捏合元件,并在除最下游捏合段以外的其它捏合段使用具有如下构造的元件,在该构造中捏合盘相互叠置且捏合盘以大于0且小于90度的相角交错排列,和中性捏合元件。例如,当螺杆3在第一排气口4和第二排气口6进一步具有第四捏合段和第五捏合段时,优选使用具有如下构造的元件,在该构造中捏合盘相互叠置且捏合盘以大于0且小于90度的相角交错排列,和中性捏合元件作为第一至第四捏合段的元件,并使用中性捏合元件作为第五捏合段的元件。
任何螺杆元件均可作为其它元件用于构造螺杆3,只要不影响输送熔融树脂组合物的总体能力。
[树脂(A)]
树脂(A)的例子包括液晶聚酯类、聚苯硫醚类、聚醚砜类、聚酰胺类和聚酰亚胺来。特别地,优选液晶聚酯类。
这类液晶聚酯是在熔融状态显示出液晶性的液晶聚酯,且优选在不高于450℃的温度熔解的那些。这类液晶聚酯可以是液晶聚酰胺酯、液晶聚酯醚、液晶聚酯碳酸酯或液晶聚酯酰亚胺。液晶聚酯优选为仅使用芳族化合物作为进料单体制备的全芳(all-aromatic)液晶聚酯。
液晶聚酯的典型例子包括以下的(I)至(IV):
(I) 通过使芳族羟基羧酸与至少一种选自芳族二羧酸、芳族二醇、芳族羟胺和芳族二胺的化合物聚合(缩聚)制备的液晶聚酯;
(II) 通过使两种或更多种类型的芳族羟基羧酸聚合制备的液晶聚酯;
(III) 通过使芳族二羧酸与至少一种选自芳族二醇、芳族羟胺和芳族二胺的化合物聚合制备的液晶聚酯;
(IV) 通过使聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯与芳族羟基羧酸聚合制备的液晶聚酯。
本文中,芳族羟基羧酸、芳族二羧酸、芳族二醇、芳族羟胺和芳族二胺各自独立地允许它们的可聚合衍生物用作对其进行部分或整体替代的替代物。
具有羧基的化合物如芳族羟基羧酸和芳族二羧酸的可聚合衍生物的例子包括羧基转化为烷氧羰基或芳氧羰基所得到的化合物(酯)、羧基转化为卤代甲酰基所得到的化合物(酰卤)和羧基转化为酰氧羰基所得到的化合物(酸酐)。
具有羟基的化合物如芳族羟基羧酸、芳族二醇和芳族羟胺的可聚合衍生物的例子包括羟基通过酰化转化为酰氧基所得到的化合物(酰化体)。
具有氨基的化合物如芳族羟胺和芳族二胺的可聚合衍生物的例子包括氨基通过酰化转化为酰氨基所得到的化合物(酰化体)。
优选地,液晶聚酯具有下式(1)所示的重复单元(下文有时称为“重复单元(1)”),且更优选地,它具有重复单元(1)、下式(2)所示的重复单元(下文有时称为“重复单元(2)”)、和下式(3)所示的重复单元(下文有时称为“重复单元(3)”):
(1)-O-Ar1-CO-
(2)-CO-Ar2-CO-
(3)-X-Ar3-Y-
其中Ar1代表亚苯基、亚萘基或亚联苯基;Ar2和Ar3各自独立地代表亚苯基、亚萘基、亚联苯基或下式(4)所示的基团;X和Y各自独立地代表氧原子或亚氨基(-NH-);且Ar1、Ar2和Ar3中的一个或多个氢原子可各自独立地被卤原子、烷基或芳基取代,
(4)-Ar4-Z-Ar5-
其中Ar4和Ar5各自独立地代表亚苯基或亚萘基;且Z代表氧原子、硫原子、羰基、磺酰基或亚烷基。
卤原子的例子包括氟原子、氯原子、溴原子和碘原子。
烷基的例子包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基、2-乙基己基、正辛基、正壬基和正癸基;其碳原子数优选为1至10。
芳基的例子包括苯基、邻甲苯基、间甲苯基、对甲苯基、1-奈基和2-奈基;其碳原子数优选为6-20。
当氢原子被这类基团取代时,对于Ar1、Ar2或Ar3所示基团中每一者,其数目优选为2个或更少,更优选为1个或更少。
亚烷基的例子包括亚甲基、亚乙基、异亚丙基、正亚丁基和2-乙基亚己基;其碳原子数优选为1-10。
重复单元(1)是源自前述芳族羟基羧酸的重复单元。作为重复单元(1),优选其中的Ar1是对亚苯基的重复单元(源自对羟基苯甲酸的重复单元)和其中的Ar1是2,6-亚萘基的重复单元(源自6-羟基-2-萘甲酸的重复单元)。
重复单元(2)是源自前述芳族二羧酸的重复单元。作为重复单元(2),优选其中的Ar2是对亚苯基的重复单元(源自对苯二甲酸的重复单元)、其中的Ar2是间亚苯基的重复单元(源自间苯二甲酸的重复单元)、其中的Ar2是2,6-亚萘基的重复单元(源自2,6-萘二甲酸的重复单元)和其中的Ar2是二苯醚-4,4’-二基的重复单元(源自二苯醚-4,4’-二羧酸的重复单元)。
重复单元(3)是源自前述芳族二醇、芳族羟胺或芳族二胺的重复单元。作为重复单元(3),优选其中的Ar3是对亚苯基的重复单元(源自对苯二酚、对氨基苯酚或对苯二胺的重复单元)和其中的Ar3是4,4’-亚联苯基的重复单元(源自4,4’-二羟基联苯、4-氨基-4’-羟基联苯或4,4’-二氨基联苯的重复单元)。
相对于构成液晶聚酯的所有重复单元的总量(对于构成液晶聚酯的每种重复单元,用重复单元的质量除以重复单元的化学式量计算得到相当于重复单元的物质的量的数量(mol为单位),随后将它们相加,从而确定的值),重复单元(1)的含量优选为30mol%或更多,更优选30-80mol%,更加优选40-70mol%且特别优选45-65mol%。
相对于构成液晶聚酯的所有重复单元的总量,重复单元(2)的含量优选为35mol%或更少,更优选10-35mol%,更加优选15-30mol%且特别优选17.5-27.5mol%。
相对于构成液晶聚酯的所有重复单元的总量,重复单元(3)的含量优选为35mol%或更少,更优选10-35mol%,更加优选15-30mol%且特别优选17.5-27.5mol%。
重复单元(1)的含量越大,越有可能改善熔体流动性、耐热性和强度/刚性;然而,如果过大,则熔解温度和熔体粘度容易变高且成形所需的温度容易变高。
以[重复单元(2)的含量/重复单元(3)的含量](mol/mol)表示的重复单元(2)含量与重复单元(3)含量的比值优选为从0.9/1至1/0.9,更优选从0.95/1至1/0.95且更加优选从0.98/1至1/0.98。
对于重复单元(1)-(3)中的每一者,液晶聚酯可以具有两种或更多种类型的重复单元。虽然液晶聚酯可以具有不同于重复单元(1)-(3)的重复单元,但是相对于构成液晶聚酯的所有重复单元的总量,它的含量优选至多10mol%,且更优选至多5mol%。
液晶聚酯优选具有其中的X和Y为氧原子的重复单元,即源自前述芳族二醇的重复单元,作为重复单元(3),并且它优选只具有其中的X和Y为氧原子的重复单元作为重复单元(3)。这样的构造容易使液晶聚酯表现出低熔体粘度。
优选地,通过使与构成聚酯的重复单元相对应的进料单体发生熔融聚合并随后使所得聚合物(下文有时称为“预聚物”)发生固相聚合来生产液晶聚酯。从而可以充分的操作性制备具有高耐热性和强度/刚性的高分子量液晶聚酯。熔融聚合可在催化剂存在下进行;这种情况下可用的催化剂示例包括金属化合物如醋酸镁、醋酸锡、钛酸四丁酯、醋酸铅、醋酸钠、醋酸钾和三氧化锑,和含氮杂环化合物如4-(二甲氨基)吡啶和1-甲基咪唑。
液晶聚酯的流动起始温度优选为270℃或更高,更优选270-400℃,且更加优选280-380℃。流动起始温度越高,更有可能改善耐热性和强度/刚性;然而,如果流动起始温度过高,则熔解温度和熔体粘度容易变高且成形所需的温度容易变高。
流动起始温度也称流动温度,并且是在该温度下,通过使用毛细管流变仪在9.8MPa (100kg/cm2)的负载下以4℃/min的速率升高液晶聚酯的温度使其熔解,并随后经由内径1mm、长度10mm的喷嘴挤出时,液晶聚酯表现出4800Pa·s (48000 泊)的粘度的温度。流动起始温度可用作液晶聚酯的分子量的量度(参见“Liquid Crystalline Polymer-Synthesis, Molding, and Application-”,Naoyuki Koide编著,第95页,CMC,1987年6月5日出版)。
(纤维填料)
本实施方式的制备方法使用的纤维填料(B)可以是无机纤维填料或有机纤维填料。
无机纤维填料的例子包括玻璃纤维;碳纤维,如PAN型碳纤维和沥青基碳纤维;陶瓷纤维,如二氧化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维和二氧化硅氧化铝纤维;金属纤维,如不锈钢纤维;和玄武岩纤维。更多的例子包括须晶,如钛酸钾须晶、钛酸钡须晶、硅灰石须晶、硼酸铝须晶、氮化硅须晶和碳化硅须晶。
有机纤维填料的例子包括聚酯纤维和芳族聚酰胺纤维。
考虑到模塑加工中施加到设备上的磨损负荷和可得性,优选以选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维和氧化铝纤维的无机纤维填料作为纤维填料(B),且特别地,更优选玻璃纤维。
纤维填料(B)可以是两种或更多种前述填料的混合物。它也可以是纤维填料与其他填料的混合物。相对于100质量份的液晶聚酯,所述填料的装载量通常为0-100质量份。
纤维填料(B)可以经过表面涂覆处理,目的是降低使用由本实施方式的制备方法得到的树脂组合物所获得的树脂模制品的气体生成,从而提高树脂模制品的化学稳定性,并且从生产电气电子设备和光学设备的角度出发,所生成气体对外围组件的污染更少。这类表面涂覆处理的例子包括使用偶联剂如钛偶联剂的表面涂覆处理,和使用各种类型的热固性树脂和热塑性树脂的表面涂覆处理。
作为纤维填料(B)的玻璃纤维可以是已用环氧树脂基涂布剂或施胶剂(sizing agent)、氨基甲酸酯基涂布剂或施胶剂或者丙烯酸涂布剂或施胶剂处理过的玻璃纤维。
调节纤维填料(B)的重均纤维长度为1mm或更长,且优选1mm至10mm,且更加优选2-10mm。优选地,纤维填料(B)的平均直径是3-15μm。如果纤维填料(B)的平均直径小于3μm,作为加强剂的效果趋于降低。如果纤维填料(B)的平均直径超过15μm,会有可塑性降低和表面外观劣化的趋势。优选地,纤维填料(B)是长度均匀无分布的短切原丝(chopped strands)。
下文,作为上述实施方式的树脂组合物生产方法的一种实施方式,描述了如下的情形,其中通过使用图1所示的挤出机10熔融捏合树脂(A)和纤维填料(B),随后挤出,来制备树脂组合物。
在树脂组合物制备方法的这一实施方式中,(i)树脂(A)的一部分(X1)和重均纤维长度为1mm或更长的纤维填料(B)的一部分(Y1)经挤出机10的主进料口5进料,而后(ii)树脂(A)的其余部分(X2)和重均纤维长度为1mm或更长的纤维填料(B)的其余部分(Y2)经挤出机10的侧进料口7进料。
本文中,树脂(A)向挤出机10的总进料量,(P)=X1+X2(重量%),纤维填料(B)向挤出机10的总进料量,(Q)=Y1+Y2(重量%),且树脂(A)的进料与纤维填料(B)的进料的总和,(P+Q),是100重量%。
所得的树脂组合物中树脂(A)和纤维填料(B)的重量比(即进料到挤出机10的树脂(A)和纤维填料(B)的进料的比例)优选为55-85重量%的树脂(A)和45-20重量%的纤维填料(B),且更优选60-70重量%的(A)和40-30%重量的(B)(本文中树脂(A)和纤维填料(B)的总和是100重量%)。
如果树脂组合物中纤维填料(B)的比例过高,那么使用该树脂组合物进行模塑时,树脂组合物的流动性会劣化,因此它变得难以进行模塑。相反,如果树脂组合物中纤维填料(B)的比例过低,那么对使用该树脂组合物获得的模制品的加强效果会降低,导致缺乏刚性。
在本发明中,优选树脂(A)的一部分(X1)和纤维填料(B)的一部分(Y1)经挤出机10的主进料口5进料,且树脂(A)的其余部分(X2)和纤维填料(B)的其余部分(Y2)经由沿挤出方向设在主进料口5后方的侧进料口7进料,使得以%重量比计X1/X2比为从55/45至70/30,且以%重量比计Y1/Y2比为从75/25至25/75。更优选地,它们进料为使得以%重量比计X2/Y2=90/10至45/55。
如果进料到主进料口5的纤维填料(B)的量(Y1)大于上述范围,那么挤出机10的装载量可能过大。相反,如果进料到主进料口5的纤维填料(B)的量(Y1)过于小于该范围,那么所得树脂组合物中纤维填料的平均纤维长度可能变长,从而在使用该树脂组合物进行模塑的情形中树脂组合物的流动性可能受损。如果经侧进料口7进料的树脂(A)的量(X2)与纤维填料(B)的量(Y2)的比值在所述范围之外,那么所得树脂组合物中纤维填料的平均纤维长度可能变长,从而在使用该树脂组合物进行模塑的情形中树脂组合物的流动性可能受损。
在主进料口5和侧进料口7处,均优选同时进料树脂(A)和纤维填料(B)。
在该实施方式的树脂组合物生产方法中,优选在挤出机10筒体2的温度调节至树脂(A)熔解的温度(400℃-340℃)的条件下进行捏合。为了抑制剪切加热导致的熔融树脂过热,仅在侧进料口7下游侧具有剪切加热的部分,筒体2的温度可降至低于树脂(A)熔解温度(400℃-340℃)至多120℃。换而言之,仅在侧进料口7下游侧具有剪切加热的部分,筒体2的温度可在400℃-220℃的范围。
经挤出机10的出口模头9排出的树脂组合物(树脂(A)和纤维填料(B)的混合物)优选调节至200kg/hr至400kg/hr。优选地,挤出机10螺杆3的转速调节至500-800rpm。优选调节这些生产条件使得转矩可为60%或更高。
通过在上述条件下向挤出机10进料树脂(A)和纤维填料(B)、熔融捏合它们、并进行挤出,可制备树脂组合物。优选地,所得树脂组合物在从挤出机10挤出后成形为小球形式。
所得树脂组合物中纤维填料的重均纤维长度为150-350μm,优选200-300μm,更优选200-280μm。所得树脂组合物中纤维填料的数均纤维长度为100-220μm,优选100-210μm,更优选120-200μm。
如果树脂组合物中纤维填料的纤维长度短于上述范围,那么使用该树脂组合物获得的模制品的刚性有可能不足且有可能具有增大的各向异性。相反,如果树脂组合物中纤维填料的纤维长度长于上述范围,那么使用该树脂组合物生产模制品时,树脂组合物的流动性有可能劣化且可塑性有可能受损。此外,如果树脂组合物中纤维填料的纤维长度长于上述范围,那么使用该树脂组合物获得的模制品的表面有可能损坏,且由纤维填料的掉落或源于其的树脂尘(resin dust)的生成引起的污染度(dustiness)有可能劣化。
以下描述了纤维填料的纤维长度的测量方法。
[纤维填料的纤维长度的测量方法]
纤维填料的重均纤维长度和数均纤维长度从树脂组合物中所含的纤维填料的形状测定。以下具体描述了其测量方法。
取1.0g树脂组合物放入坩埚,在电炉内于600℃处理4小时,从而使其灰化,将残余物分散在甲醇中并将分散体散布在载玻片上以拍摄显微照片,从照片中直接检测纤维填料的形状,并计算其平均值,从而测定纤维填料的形状。在平均值的计算中,使用400或更高的总数(population parameter)。对于每一重量,每一纤维长度对应的重量由纤维填料的比重计算得到,且在平均值的计算中使用所用样品的总重。
本发明的树脂组合物制备方法设置为树脂(A)的一部分和重均纤维长度不小于1mm的纤维填料(B)的一部分经挤出机10的主进料口5进料,且树脂(A)的其余部分和重均纤维长度不小于1mm的纤维填料(B)的其余部分经由沿挤出方向设在主进料口5后方的侧进料口7进料。因此,由于经主进料口5进料的纤维填料(B)在第一捏合段11、第二捏合段12和第三捏合段13共进行了3次捏合,与纤维仅在侧进料口7进料的情形相比,纤维长度变短了。如果在第一排气口4添加第四捏合段且在第二排气口6添加第五捏合段,那么纤维长度控制的效果得到了增强。此外,由于经主进料口5进料的纤维填料(B)和与之同时进料的未熔解的硬树脂(A)一起捏合从而它们相互研磨,进一步缩短了纤维长度。因此,通过本发明的制备方法,可以制备具有特定重均纤维长度以及附加地具有特定纤维长度分布的树脂组合物。
本发明的制备方法使得将所得树脂组合物中的数均纤维长度控制在100-220μm以及将重均纤维长度控制在150-350μm成为可能。
此外,通过本发明的制备方法,可以经济地生产所含纤维填料的纤维长度得到良好控制的树脂组合物,原因在于纤维填料在进料到挤出机10之前无需分选为所需的纤维长度。
虽然在上述实施方式中描述了使用挤出机熔融捏合的树脂组合物仅包含树脂(A)和纤维填料(B)的情形,但是本发明并不限于这种实施例,并且一种或多种其他组分,如添加剂和非液晶聚酯的树脂,也可进一步掺混到使用挤出机熔融捏合的树脂组合物中。其他组分如添加剂和非液晶聚酯的树脂可以根据需要经由主进料口5和/或侧进料口7进料到筒体2内。
使用挤出机熔融捏合的树脂组合物可能包含的添加剂的例子包括抗氧化剂、热稳定剂、UV吸收剂、抗静电剂、表面活性剂、阻燃剂和着色剂。相对于100质量份的液晶聚酯,这类添加剂的加载量优选为0-5质量份。
使用挤出机熔融捏合的树脂组合物可能包含的非液晶聚酯的树脂的例子包括非液晶聚酯的热塑性树脂,如聚丙烯类、聚酰胺类、非液晶聚酯的聚酯类、聚砜类、聚苯硫醚类、聚醚酮类、聚碳酸酯类、聚苯醚类和聚醚酰亚胺类;和热固性树脂,如酚树脂、环氧树脂、聚酰亚胺树脂和氰酸酯树脂。相对于100质量份的液晶聚酯,这类非液晶聚酯的树脂的加载量优选为0-99质量份。
通过模塑由本发明制备方法获得的树脂组合物可以得到各种类型的模制品。这类模制品的例子包括电气电子组件和光学组件,且其具体例子包括与半导体生产工艺相关的组件,如连接器、插座、继电器组件、线圈轴、光学拾取器、振荡器、印刷线路板、电路板、半导体封装,电脑相关的组件、相机的镜头筒、光学传感器外壳、袖珍相机模块外壳(包装和镜头筒)、投影机光学引擎构成元件、IC托盘和晶片载体;家用电器组件,如VTR、电视、熨斗、空调、音响、吸尘器、冰箱、电饭锅和照明设备;照明设备组件,如灯反射罩和灯座;声学产品组件如光盘、激光唱片和扬声器;和通信设备组件如光缆的套圈、电话组件、传真机组件和调制解调器。
此外,上述以外的应用的例子包括复印机和与打印机相关的元件如分离爪和加热器座;机器组件如叶轮、扇形齿轮、齿轮、轴承、马达组件和外壳;机动车组件如用于机动车的机械组件、发动机组件、发动机空间内的组件、照明组件和内部组件;炊具如用于烹饪的微波炉和耐热餐具;隔热和隔音材料如地面覆盖材料和墙体材料,支撑材料如梁和柱,建筑材料如屋顶材料,或土木工程和建筑用材料;用于飞行器、太空飞行器、太空设备的组件;辐射设备的构件如核反应器;航海设备的构件;用于清洗的夹具;光学仪器的组件;阀;管;喷嘴;过滤器;膜;医用设备组件和医用材料;用于传感器的组件;卫生用品;运动商品;和休闲商品。
当由通过本发明得到的树脂组合物生产模制品时,作为所用模塑方法优选熔融模塑方法,其例子包括注塑法、挤出成型方法如T形模头方法和管状膜成型方法、压缩模塑法、吹塑法、真空模塑法和压制成型方法。特别地,优选注塑法。
使用由本发明制备方法获得的树脂组合物的模制品具有优异的机械强度、耐热性和可塑性,并具有抗尘性(anti-dusting property)。
实施例
参照以下具体实施例对本发明进行了更具体的说明。然而,本发明不限于以下实施例。
参考实施例1[液晶聚酯的制备]
向装配有搅拌器、扭矩计、氮气入口、温度计和回流冷凝器的反应容器中装入994.5g (7.2mol)对羟基苯甲酸、299.0g (1.8mol)对苯二甲酸、99.7g (0.6mol)间苯二甲酸、446.9g (2.4mol) 4,4’-二羟基联苯、1347.6g (13.2mol)乙酸酐和0.194g 1-甲基咪唑,然后在搅拌和氮气流下,在15分钟内将温度由室温升至145℃,随后在145℃回流1小时。其后,加入0.194g 1-甲基咪唑,然后在3小时内将温度由145℃升至320℃,同时蒸出副产的乙酸和未反应的乙酸。温度在320℃保持2小时以后,从反应器中取出内容物并冷却至室温。所得固体用粉碎机粉碎,从而得到粉状预聚物。该预聚物的流动起始温度是261℃。其后,在氮气气氛下在1小时内将预聚物由室温加热至250℃,然后在5小时内将温度由250℃升至285℃并在285℃保持3小时,借此进行固相聚合。随后,冷却混合物,从而获得粉状液晶聚酯。该液晶聚酯的流动起始温度为327℃。由此获得的液晶聚酯称为LCP1。
实施例1-3,比较例1-3
通过使用双螺杆挤出机(Toshiba Machine Co.,Ltd制造的TEM-41SS ),以表1给出的LCP1(X1,X2)和玻璃纤维(Y1,Y2)的分配比,通过熔融捏合以上获得的LCP1和玻璃纤维(Nitto Boseki Co.,Ltd生产的CS-3J-260S)制备了树脂组合物。
使用具有一定构造的双螺杆挤出机作为所用的双螺杆挤出机,该构造在具有图1所示构造的挤出机的第一排气口处添加第四捏合段和第二排气口段添加第五捏合段。设置双螺杆挤出机的捏合段,使得第一捏合段至第四捏合段构造成5R和5N,且第五捏合段构造成只有5N。N意为由5片以90度交错排列的捏合片组成的中性捏合节段,而R意为由5片以30度顺时针交错排列的捏合片组成的节段。第二捏合段至第五捏合段调节至240℃以抑制剪切加热。其他段调节至340℃。使用的螺杆直径为41mm,且第二排气口加装水流泵使得真空度为表压-0.09MPa(大气压视为0MPa)。所用的螺杆是同向旋转(顺时针旋转)的双螺杆且螺杆的转速调节至700rpm且挤出以300kg/hr的速率进行。
通过以下方法测量所得树脂组合物中纤维填料(玻璃纤维)的纤维长度。结果列于表2中。
<树脂组合物中纤维填料的重均纤维长度和数均纤维长度的测量>
将1.0g所得树脂组合物放入坩埚内并在电炉中于600℃处理4小时,由此灰化。将残余物分散至甲醇中并将分散体散布在载玻片上以获取显微照片。从照片中直接检测纤维填料的形状,并计算它们的平均值。在平均值的计算中,使用400或更高的总数。对于每一重量,每一纤维长度对应的重量由纤维填料的比重计算得到,且在平均值的计算中使用所用样品的总重。
[表1]
[表2]
从表2所示结果可知,在使用本发明制备方法的实施例1-3中,确认可以将树脂组合物中纤维填料的数均纤维长度控制到100-200μm并且可以将重均纤维长度控制到150-350μm。
本发明可用于各种类型的模制品,包括电气电子组件、光学组件、半导体生产工艺相关的组件、家用电器组件、照明设备组件、声学产品组件、通讯设备组件、打印机相关的组件、汽车组件、炊具、土木工程和建筑用材料、用于飞行器、太空飞行器和太空设备的组件、医用设备部件、运动商品和休闲商品。
Claims (5)
1.生产树脂组合物的方法,该方法包括向挤出机进料树脂(A)和纤维填料(B)、熔融捏合并随后挤出它们的步骤,其中所述挤出机包括机筒、安装在机筒内的螺杆、设在机筒上的主进料口和沿挤出方向设在主进料口后方的侧进料口,一部分树脂(A)和一部分重均纤维长度不小于1mm的纤维填料(B)经主进料口进料,且其余部分的树脂(A)和其余部分的重均纤维长度不小于1mm的纤维填料(B)经侧进料口进料。
2.根据权利要求1的生产树脂组合物的方法,其中以树脂(A)的进料量和纤维填料(B)的进料量的总和为100重量%计,进料到挤出机的树脂(A)的量为80-55重量%,而进料到挤出机的纤维填料(B)的量为20-45重量%。
3.根据权利要求1的生产树脂组合物的方法,其中以X1表示进料到主进料口的所述一部分树脂(A)的量,Y1表示进料到主进料口的所述一部分纤维填料(B)的量,X2表示进料到侧进料口的所述其余部分的树脂(A)的量,Y2表示进料到侧进料口的所述其余部分的纤维填料(B)的量,则X1/X2=55/45至70/30 (X1+X2=100),Y1/Y2=75/25至25/75 (Y1+Y2=100),且X2/Y2=90/10至45/55 (X2+Y2=100),且X1+X2+Y1+Y2=100重量%。
4.根据权利要求1的生产树脂组合物的方法,其中树脂(A)是液晶聚酯。
5.根据权利要求1的生产树脂组合物的方法,其中纤维填料(B)是选自玻璃纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维和氧化铝纤维的无机填料。
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CN105408407B (zh) * | 2013-06-28 | 2018-06-15 | 阿尔塔谢姆股份有限公司 | 阀门构件 |
CN104275751A (zh) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-14 | 株式会社捷太格特 | 电绝缘树脂材料的制造方法和滚动轴承 |
CN103991203A (zh) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-08-20 | 杨镇嘉 | 长纤维增强热塑料直接在线成型设备 |
CN106661241A (zh) * | 2015-03-26 | 2017-05-10 | 住友理工株式会社 | 玻璃纤维强化热塑性树脂成型体和其制法 |
CN106661241B (zh) * | 2015-03-26 | 2018-01-02 | 住友理工株式会社 | 玻璃纤维强化热塑性树脂成型体和其制法 |
CN111132805A (zh) * | 2017-09-26 | 2020-05-08 | 株式会社日本制钢所 | 纤维增强热塑性树脂的捏合方法、塑化装置和挤出机 |
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TWI573682B (zh) | 2017-03-11 |
TW201318816A (zh) | 2013-05-16 |
JP2013071281A (ja) | 2013-04-22 |
KR20130033970A (ko) | 2013-04-04 |
US9138915B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 |
US20130079454A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
CN103009595B (zh) | 2017-06-23 |
JP5771860B2 (ja) | 2015-09-02 |
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