CN103004315A - Multifunctional double-layer frame of field operation vehicle - Google Patents
Multifunctional double-layer frame of field operation vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN103004315A CN103004315A CN2012105912480A CN201210591248A CN103004315A CN 103004315 A CN103004315 A CN 103004315A CN 2012105912480 A CN2012105912480 A CN 2012105912480A CN 201210591248 A CN201210591248 A CN 201210591248A CN 103004315 A CN103004315 A CN 103004315A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multifunctional double-layer frame of a field operation vehicle. The frame is characterized by comprising a walking rack for mounting walking wheels and an operation rack for mounting operation equipment, wherein the operation rack is arranged on the upper side of the walking rack, and is connected with the walking rack through a lifting mechanism; the walking rack consists of a left walking beam and a right walking beam; the lifting mechanism comprises a plurality of lifting poles evenly distributed on the two walking beams; and the operation rack is provided with a connection mechanism capable of being connected with low-position operation equipment and high-position operation machinery respectively. The frame can be used for a rice transplanter and a field nursing machine respectively, and has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in use, and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of farm machinery, especially relate to a kind of multifunctional agricultural machine.
Background technology
Rice transplanter is one of the most frequently used mechanism in the agricultural mechanism, and field cleaning device (mainly referring to fertilizer distributor, vehicle-mounted sprayer) also is widely used.Be that the Chinese patent of CN101611668 discloses a kind of fertilizer distributor such as publication number, publication number is that the Chinese patent of CN102450131 discloses a kind of agricultural fertilizer applicator.Existing rice transplanter and field cleaning device are two independently equipment, and cost is higher.Because the characteristics of transplanting work have determined its frame the end of than, and the field cleaning device generally is just to use afterwards to higher in that crop is long, thus its frame need higher, the structure on the frame as far as possible can not with the crop interference.Therefore, existing rice transplanter and field cleaning device can not be realized at an equipment.
In addition, existing rice transplanter use machine driving without exception, this kind of drive are with the accuracy of its transmission, and ripe technology is well received.But its complicated transmission mechanism has restricted rice transplanter to be developed to multifunction, has also promoted its maintenance cost.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves arriving mutually independently of the existing rice transplanter of prior art and field cleaning device, cost is higher, and the frame of existing rice transplanter is the end of than, and the technical problem that the bracket height of field cleaning device is had relatively high expectations, provide a kind of and can be respectively applied to rice transplanter and field cleaning device, and the double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of field operating vehicle simple in structure, easy to use.
Above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is mainly solved by following technical proposals: a kind of double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of field operating vehicle, it is characterized in that it is made of the operation frame that is used for the walker of road wheel being installed and being used for installation exercise equipment, operation frame is located at the upside of walker, and between walker, link to each other by an elevating mechanism, described walker by about two walking beams consist of, described elevating mechanism comprises several lifting columns, this lifting column is evenly distributed on two walking beams, and described operation frame is provided with the bindiny mechanism that can be respectively links to each other with low level implement and high-order homework machinery.When operation frame connects rice transplanting mechanism (or other need at the equipment of lower operation), operation frame is in lowest order; When operation frame connects field care institutions vibrations (or other needs the aloft equipment of operation), when the operation such as applying fertilizer, because this operation is generally all carried out to certain phase in plant growth, the plant height that is in this moment is higher, and the height of chassis above ground during rice transplanting can not meet the demands.Just need operation frame under the effect of elevating mechanism, to raise.Because the walker of the technical program only has the walking beam of left and right sides, does not have crossbeam, in use, the walking beam of left and right sides is in the gap of crop, and not with the crop interference, therefore, the height of operation frame has determined the effective depth of this vehicle frame.The Height Adjustment of operation frame by lifting column stretch finish.
As preferably, described lifting column is lifting hydraulic cylinder, and each walking beam is provided with former and later two described lifting hydraulic cylinders, and this hydraulic cylinder links to each other with fluid power system.Hydraulic cylinder is as lifting column, and it is easy to use, the power arrangement convenience.
As preferably, the power of described hydraulic-driven system is provided by electric hydraulic pump or hydraulic hand-pump.It is easy to use to adopt electric hydraulic pump to have, and simple to operate is preferred, but because the frequency of high-low-position of the present invention conversion is very low, in order to reach the saving cost, reduces the purpose of the fault rate of equipment, and the present invention also can adopt hydraulic hand-pump.
As preferably, the rear and front end of the left and right sides of described operation frame is respectively equipped with connecting hole on the fixed head, the rear and front end of the both sides walking beam of described walker also is respectively equipped with connecting hole under the fixed head, under the fixed head in each orientation on the fixed head of connecting hole and corresponding orientation connecting hole corresponding.When operation frame was in the working depth of field care institutions vibrations, more firm for making its structure, the technical program was provided with the upper and lower connecting hole of fixed head, by the upper and lower connecting hole of this fixed head fixed head is set, and connected operation frame and walker.
As preferably, the downside of the walking beam upside of the left and right side of described walker or the left and right curb girder of operation frame is provided with damping fin.This damping fin so that operation frame dropping to when bottom, can directly not clash into mutually with walker, so that it has a cushioning effect.Simultaneously, also play the effect that hinders the relative sliding between operation frame and the walker, effectively reduced operation frame or walker when the impact that is subject to horizontal direction, the impact that the lifting oil pressure is suffered.
As preferably, described fluid power system comprises fuel tank, oil pump, some magnetic valves and some motors, it is characterized in that it comprises the front-wheel drive oil circuit, the rear wheel drive oil circuit, operation oil circuit and jacking oil circuit, described front-wheel drive oil circuit links to each other with two front-wheel drive motors, be provided with a synchronous valve between two front-wheel drive motors, described rear wheel drive oil circuit links to each other with two rear wheel drive motors, also be provided with synchronous valve between two rear wheel drive motors, described operation oil circuit links to each other with an operation motor, and described jacking oil circuit links to each other with described lifting hydraulic cylinder.The present invention forms the 4 wheel driven structure by two front-wheel drive motors and two rear wheel drive motors drive wheel separately, this type of drive very flexibly and power powerful, be conducive to it and adapt to various operating conditions.Between the two front-wheel drive motors and the synchronous valve that is provided with between the two rear wheel drive motors guaranteed in advancing or falling back process the synchronism between the left and right sides wheel.Simultaneously since at rice transplanter in steering procedure, different to the reaction force of oil piping system between the left and right wheels, the just in time balanced action by synchronous valve so that its nearside wheel rotating speed when realizing turning is slower than outboard wheel, reaches smooth, the effect of turning flexibly.
As preferably, described front-wheel drive oil circuit comprises forerunner's pump and a H type three position four-way directional control valve, the oil-in of this three position four-way directional control valve links to each other with forerunner's pump, and oil return opening links to each other with the oil inlet end of described operation oil circuit, and actuator port links to each other with two front-wheel drive motors respectively; Described rear wheel drive oil circuit comprises a rear-guard pump and a H type three position four-way directional control valve, the oil-in of this three position four-way directional control valve links to each other with the rear-guard pump, oil return opening links to each other with the oil inlet end of described operation oil circuit, and actuator port links to each other with two rear wheel drive motors respectively.No matter above-mentioned three position four-way directional control valve is in forward oil circuit or reverse oil circuit, its oil return all by transplanting oil circuit (being a kind of of operation oil circuit, lower same), utilizes front and rear wheel to drive the oil return of oil circuit, the work of driving implanting mechanism, when this three position four-way directional control valve is in meta, because this three position four-way directional control valve is the H type, at this moment, oil-feed and the oil return circuit of front and rear wheel are directly connected, the front and rear wheel CD-ROM drive motor quits work, and at this moment, this hydraulic circuit can drive implanting mechanism work.The oil return that the present invention utilizes front and back wheel to drive oil circuit drives implanting mechanism, has simplified on the one hand the working oil path of implanting mechanism, and on the other hand, this mode has realized the interlock of implanting mechanism and wheel walking, and has guaranteed the proportionate relationship between them.When walk in different road surfaces, can also cut wheel drive or rear wheel drive by the three position four-way directional control valve of adjusting on front-wheel drive oil circuit or the rear wheel drive oil circuit.
As preferably, this system comprises and turns to oil circuit, turns to oil circuit to link to each other with steering motor, and described jacking oil circuit is provided with a M type three position four-way directional control valve, and the oil-out of this three position four-way directional control valve links to each other with the oil inlet end that turns to oil circuit.The steering mechanism of rice transplanter can finish by mechanical mechanism, also can finish by the oil circuit that turns to of the technical program.The jacking oil circuit turns to by the oil return driving of jacking oil circuit, and when M type three-position four-way valve was in meta, two actuator ports of jacking cylinder all sealed, and the oil-in of jacking oil circuit and oil return opening are connected, and the jacking pump directly drives steering motor work.Because the lifting of vehicle frame is few function of using, the technical program is so that jacking cylinder is in closed state for a long time, and turn to oil circuit general with rise pump and directly drive.
As preferably, be parallel with respectively overflow valve, choke valve between the oil inlet end of described operation motor and the oil revolving end, and two position two-way valve.Overflow valve has protective effect to the operation motor; choke valve can be shunted the oil mass of operation motor; it can be controlled operating speed; when the present invention is used for rice transplanter; after the aperture of a choke valve of setting; because operation oil circuit and front and rear wheel drive the relation of oil circuit, regardless of the pace of rice transplanter, the spacing of its rice transplanting is fixed.That is to say that the control of spacing is finished by the aperture of regulating choke valve.So that its operation is very easy.When two position two-way valve is in closed valve position, the transplanting motor operations, when two position two-way valve is in the connection valve position, hydraulic circuit emptying, the operation motor is not worked.
The beneficial effect that brings of the present invention is, it is independent to have solved arriving mutually of the existing rice transplanter of prior art and field cleaning device, cost is higher, and the frame of existing rice transplanter is the end of than, and the technical problem that the bracket height of field cleaning device is had relatively high expectations, realized a kind ofly can being respectively applied to rice transplanter and field cleaning device, and the double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of a kind of field operating vehicle simple in structure, easy to use.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of front view of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is a kind of left views of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 3 is structural representations of hydraulic system of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, and by reference to the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the present invention is a kind of double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of field operating vehicle, it is made of the operation frame 1-1 that is used for the walker 1-2 of road wheel being installed and being used for installation exercise equipment, operation frame 1-1 is located at the upside of walker 1-2, and between walker 1-2, link to each other by an elevating mechanism, described walker by about two walking beams consist of, described elevating mechanism comprises four lifting hydraulic jack 2-21, this lifting hydraulic jack 2-21 is arranged on two walking beams in twos.This lifting hydraulic jack links to each other with hydraulic hand-pump.The rear and front end of the left and right sides of operation frame is respectively equipped with connecting hole on the fixed head, the rear and front end of the both sides walking beam of described walker also is respectively equipped with connecting hole under the fixed head, under the fixed head in each orientation on the fixed head of connecting hole and corresponding orientation connecting hole corresponding.When operation frame rise to topmost carry out operation before, by mounting plate 1-3 under connecting hole on the fixed head and the fixed head, to limit its position.The walking beam upside of the left and right side of connecting hole walker is provided with damping fin.Operation frame is provided with the bindiny mechanism that can be respectively links to each other with fertilizer distributor with rice transplanter.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 3, the present invention is a kind of double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of field operating vehicle, it is made of the operation frame that is used for the walker of road wheel being installed and being used for installation exercise equipment, operation frame is located at the upside of walker, and between walker, link to each other by an elevating mechanism, described walker by about two walking beams consist of, described elevating mechanism comprises four lifting hydraulic jacks, this lifting hydraulic jack is arranged on two walking beams in twos.This lifting hydraulic cylinder links to each other with fluid power system.Fluid power system comprises fuel tank 2-15, oil pump, some magnetic valves and some motors, it comprises that front-wheel drive oil circuit, rear wheel drive oil circuit, transplanting oil circuit, transplanting section promote oil circuit, jacking oil circuit and turn to oil circuit, described front-wheel drive oil circuit links to each other with two front-wheel drive motor 2-1, be provided with a synchronous valve 2-3 between two front-wheel drive motor 2-1, described rear wheel drive oil circuit links to each other with two rear wheel drive motor 2-2, also be provided with synchronous valve 2-3 between two rear wheel drive motor 2-2, described transplanting oil circuit links to each other with a transplanting motor 2-8.Be parallel with respectively overflow valve 2-7, choke valve 2-6 between the oil inlet end of transplanting motor and the oil revolving end, and two position two-way valve 2-5.The front-wheel drive oil circuit comprises forerunner's pump 2-10 and a H type three position four-way directional control valve 2-4, the oil-in of this three position four-way directional control valve 2-4 links to each other with forerunner's pump 2-1, oil return opening links to each other with the oil inlet end of described transplanting oil circuit, and actuator port links to each other with two front-wheel drive motor 2-1 respectively; Described rear wheel drive oil circuit comprises a rear-guard pump 2-11 and a H type three position four-way directional control valve 2-4, the oil-in of this three position four-way directional control valve 2-4 links to each other with rear-guard pump 2-11, oil return opening links to each other with the oil inlet end of described transplanting oil circuit, and actuator port links to each other with two rear wheel drive motor 2-2 respectively; Transplanting section promotes oil circuit and is provided with an elevator pump 2-12, and this transplanting section promotes oil circuit and links to each other with lift cylinder 2-14; Described jacking oil circuit links to each other with four jacking cylinder 2-21, turn to oil circuit to link to each other with steering motor, described jacking oil circuit is provided with a M type three position four-way directional control valve 2-22, the oil-out of this three position four-way directional control valve 2-22 links to each other with the oil inlet end that turns to oil circuit, and this turns to oil circuit to link to each other with a steering motor 2-9.Each front-wheel drive motor 2-1 and rear wheel drive motor 2-2 are equipped with the by-pass cock 2-17 of a high low or first gear, this by-pass cock 2-17 links to each other with a hydraulic cylinder 2-18, this hydraulic cylinder 2-18 links to each other with a hydraulically powered high/low pressure cut-over valve 2-19, this high/low pressure cut-over valve 2-19 drives port and links to each other with an oil control transfer valve 2-16, oil inlet end with the lifting oil circuit of two oil inlet ends of this oil control transfer valve 2-16 links to each other, and another links to each other with the oil outlet end that turns to oil circuit, front-wheel drive oil circuit, rear wheel drive oil circuit and transplanting oil circuit.Forerunner's pump 2-10, rear-guard pump 2-11, elevator pump 2-12 and steering pump 2-13 are combined into one four and connect pump, and wherein forerunner's pump and rear-guard pump are provided with a linkage regulating valve 2-20.The rear and front end of the left and right sides of operation frame is respectively equipped with connecting hole on the fixed head, the rear and front end of the both sides walking beam of described walker also is respectively equipped with connecting hole under the fixed head, under the fixed head in each orientation on the fixed head of connecting hole and corresponding orientation connecting hole corresponding.The walking beam upside of the left and right side of walker is provided with damping fin.Operation frame is provided with the bindiny mechanism that can be respectively links to each other with fertilizer distributor with rice transplanter.
Vehicle frame of the present invention is connecting rice transplanting mechanism, and when carrying out transplanting work, operation frame is in lowest order; When this vehicle frame connects the field care institutions vibrations, apply fertilizer when waiting operation, because this operation is generally all carried out to certain phase in plant growth, it is higher to be in plant height at this moment, the height of chassis above ground during rice transplanting can not meet the demands.Just need operation frame under the effect of elevating mechanism, to raise.Because the walker of the technical program only has left and right sides curb girder, does not have crossbeam, in use, left and right sides curb girder is in the gap of crop, and not with the crop interference, therefore, the height of operation frame has determined the effective depth of this vehicle frame.For making its structure more firm, the present invention also is provided with the upper and lower connecting hole of fixed head, by the upper and lower connecting hole of this fixed head fixed head 5 is set and connects operation frame and walker.
This fluid power system in use, by two front-wheel drive motors and two rear wheel drive motors drive wheel separately, form the 4 wheel driven structure, between the two front-wheel drive motors and the synchronous valve that is provided with between the two rear wheel drive motors guaranteed in advancing or falling back process the synchronism between the left and right sides wheel.Simultaneously, since at rice transplanter in steering procedure, reaction force to oil piping system between the left and right wheels is different, the just in time balanced action by synchronous valve, so that its nearside wheel rotating speed when realize turning is slower than outboard wheel, reach smooth, the effect of turning flexibly, front and back wheel drives the oil return of oil circuit all by the transplanting oil circuit, before the utilization, the oil return of rear wheel drive oil circuit drives implanting mechanism work, when this three position four-way directional control valve is in meta, before, oil-feed and the oil return circuit of trailing wheel are directly connected, before, the rear wheel drive motor quits work, and at this moment, this hydraulic circuit can drive implanting mechanism work.The oil return that the present invention utilizes front and back wheel to drive oil circuit drives implanting mechanism, has simplified on the one hand the working oil path of implanting mechanism, and on the other hand, this mode has realized the interlock of implanting mechanism and wheel walking, and has guaranteed the proportionate relationship between them.When walk in different road surfaces, can also cut wheel drive or rear wheel drive by the three position four-way directional control valve of adjusting on front-wheel drive oil circuit or the rear wheel drive oil circuit.Top gear is not operation of rice transplanter, and the gear of walking on the road surface, low or first gear are the gear of rice transplanter when operation.When high/low pressure cut-over valve driving port links to each other with the oil inlet end that promotes oil circuit by oil control transfer valve, can drive the high/low pressure cut-over valve action, and then drive the action of above-mentioned hydraulic cylinder, make it drive high low or first gear by-pass cock action, so that the front and rear wheel CD-ROM drive motor enters high speed rotating, otherwise, when high/low pressure cut-over valve driving port linked to each other with the oil outlet end that turns to oil circuit, front-wheel drive oil circuit, rear wheel drive oil circuit and transplanting oil circuit by oil control transfer valve, the front and rear wheel CD-ROM drive motor entered and slowly runs.Jacking oil circuit of the present invention is the driving mechanism of mechanism's lifting, it is conducive to realize the multifunction of rice transplanter, as using as the field cleaning device, when it uses as the field cleaning device, improve the height of vehicle frame by lifting body, so that vehicle frame does not damage the crop that has grown to certain altitude, then the implanting mechanism with rice transplanter changes field care appliances (such as fertilizer distributor) into.
So the present invention has diverse in function, simple in structure, easy to use, the features such as stabilized structure.
Claims (10)
1. the double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of a field operating vehicle, it is characterized in that it is made of the operation frame that is used for the walker of road wheel being installed and being used for installation exercise equipment, operation frame is located at the upside of walker, and between walker, link to each other by an elevating mechanism, described walker by about two walking beams consist of, described elevating mechanism comprises several lifting columns, this lifting column is evenly distributed on two walking beams, and described operation frame is provided with the bindiny mechanism that can be respectively links to each other with low level implement and high-order homework machinery.
2. the double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of a kind of field operating vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that described lifting column is lifting hydraulic cylinder, and each walking beam is provided with former and later two described lifting hydraulic cylinders, and this hydraulic cylinder links to each other with fluid power system.
3. the double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of a kind of field operating vehicle according to claim 2 is characterized in that the power that described hydraulic-driven is is provided by electric hydraulic pump or hydraulic hand-pump.
4. according to claim 1 and 2 or the double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of 3 described a kind of field operating vehicles, the rear and front end that it is characterized in that the left and right sides of described operation frame is respectively equipped with connecting hole on the fixed head, the rear and front end of the both sides walking beam of described walker also is respectively equipped with connecting hole under the fixed head, under the fixed head in each orientation on the fixed head of connecting hole and corresponding orientation connecting hole corresponding.
5. the downside that according to claim 1 and 2 or the double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of 3 described a kind of field operating vehicles, it is characterized in that the left and right curb girder of the walking beam upside of left and right side of described walker or operation frame is provided with damping fin.
6. the double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of a kind of field operating vehicle according to claim 4 is characterized in that the downside of the left and right curb girder of the walking beam upside of left and right side of described walker or operation frame is provided with damping fin.
7. the double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of a kind of field operating vehicle according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described fluid power system comprises fuel tank, oil pump, some magnetic valves and some motors, it is characterized in that it comprises the front-wheel drive oil circuit, the rear wheel drive oil circuit, operation oil circuit and jacking oil circuit, described front-wheel drive oil circuit links to each other with two front-wheel drive motors, be provided with a synchronous valve between two front-wheel drive motors, described rear wheel drive oil circuit links to each other with two rear wheel drive motors, also be provided with synchronous valve between two rear wheel drive motors, described operation oil circuit links to each other with an operation motor, and described jacking oil circuit links to each other with described lifting hydraulic cylinder.
8. the double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of a kind of field operating vehicle according to claim 7, it is characterized in that described front-wheel drive oil circuit comprises forerunner's pump and a H type three position four-way directional control valve, the oil-in of this three position four-way directional control valve links to each other with forerunner's pump, oil return opening links to each other with the oil inlet end of described operation oil circuit, and actuator port links to each other with two front-wheel drive motors respectively; Described rear wheel drive oil circuit comprises a rear-guard pump and a H type three position four-way directional control valve, the oil-in of this three position four-way directional control valve links to each other with the rear-guard pump, oil return opening links to each other with the oil inlet end of described operation oil circuit, and actuator port links to each other with two rear wheel drive motors respectively.
9. according to claim 7 or the double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of 8 described a kind of field operating vehicles, it is characterized in that it comprises turns to oil circuit, turn to oil circuit to link to each other with steering motor, described jacking oil circuit is provided with a M type three position four-way directional control valve, and the oil-out of this three position four-way directional control valve links to each other with the oil inlet end that turns to oil circuit.
10. according to claim 7 or the double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of 8 described a kind of field operating vehicles, it is characterized in that being parallel with respectively overflow valve, choke valve between the oil inlet end of described operation motor and the oil revolving end, and two position two-way valve.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210591248.0A CN103004315B (en) | 2012-12-29 | 2012-12-29 | A kind of double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of field operating vehicle |
| JP2014546307A JP5847328B2 (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2013-05-16 | Dual-use body frame for field work vehicles |
| KR1020137032744A KR101622120B1 (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2013-05-16 | Dual-purpose vehicle frame of farmland operation vehicle |
| PCT/CN2013/075754 WO2014075433A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2013-05-16 | Dual-purpose frame of field operating vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210591248.0A CN103004315B (en) | 2012-12-29 | 2012-12-29 | A kind of double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of field operating vehicle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103004315A true CN103004315A (en) | 2013-04-03 |
| CN103004315B CN103004315B (en) | 2016-02-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201210591248.0A Expired - Fee Related CN103004315B (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2012-12-29 | A kind of double-layer multifunctional vehicle frame of field operating vehicle |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN103004315B (en) |
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| WO2014075433A1 (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2014-05-22 | 莱恩农业装备有限公司 | Dual-purpose frame of field operating vehicle |
| CN107624344A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-26 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of variable machine vision formula of wheelspan keeps away a fluid pressure underpan and application method |
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| CN107624344A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-26 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of variable machine vision formula of wheelspan keeps away a fluid pressure underpan and application method |
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