CN102994680A - Controllable atmosphere rotary hearth furnace process for producing direct reduction iron - Google Patents
Controllable atmosphere rotary hearth furnace process for producing direct reduction iron Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a controllable atmosphere rotary hearth furnace process for producing direct reduction iron, comprising the steps of: pressing iron ore concentrate powder into pellets with the diameter of 30-40mm or directly using lump ores with the granularity of 5-25mm; preheating to 700-1000 DEGC at first; then mixing with a reducing agent; adding the mixture into a controllable atmosphere rotary hearth furnace; laying materials with the thickness of 30-70mm, wherein during laying materials, if the common iron ore powder pellets are used 5-10mm of reducing agent is paved at the bottom of the furnace in advance, and 5-10mm of reducing agent is scattered to the mixture at last, and the step of scattering the reducing agent is not needed if internally arranged carbon pellets are used; enabling all materials to operate in the controllable atmosphere rotary hearth furnace for 3-8h at 1200-1400 DEG C; discharging the materials out of the furnace by a water-cooled spiral discharging machine introduced with protective gas; and carrying out magnetic separation on the discharged materials to obtain sponge iron pellets. The materials are preheated at first and then reduced by the controllable atmosphere rotary hearth furnace, and the controllable atmosphere rotary hearth furnace process is suitable for various kinds of materials; and the temperature in a furnace hearth is uniform, the automation degree of equipment is high, workers operate simply and conveniently, and sponge iron meeting the demand of steel-making can be produced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that a kind of production connects reduced iron, it adopts controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace two-step process can use the production of fine iron breeze/oxides-containing irons (Fe 〉=68%) such as higher-grade lump ore/steel scale of steel rolling to satisfy the reduced iron that connects of steel industry use.
Background technology
It is the low-carbon (LC) vesicular material that forms through reduction in reduction furnace with fine iron breeze/oxides-containing irons such as higher-grade lump ore/steel scale of steel rolling that direct-reduced iron is also referred to as sponge iron, its chemical composition stability, foreign matter content is few, mainly as the raw material of Electric furnace steel making, also can be used as the refrigerant of converter steelmaking.In recent years because steel products towards miniaturization and, advanced, the Composite future development of function, so non-metallic material and non-ferrous metal usage ratio increase in the steel, cause waste steel quality constantly to descend.Steel scrap is as the electric steel raw material, because its source is different, chemical component fluctuation is very large, and is difficult to grasp, control, and this has brought great difficulty for the Electric furnace steel making operation.If as thinner and steel scrap collocation, not only can increase the homogeneity of steel with a certain proportion of direct-reduced iron 30-50%, can also improve the physical properties of steel, thereby reach the purpose of production high-quality steel.Therefore, direct-reduced iron is not only the surrogate of high-quality steel scrap, or the requisite senior raw material of production high-quality steel, collocation 30-50% direct-reduced iron in furnace charge, the average saves energy 27% of furnace charge per ton, save the steel-making time 28%, oxygen-consumption reduces by 22%, and the steel physicals obviously improves.At this point, a certain amount of direct-reduced iron of collocation not only can improve the throughput of electric furnace in the electric steel furnace charge, and can also reduce power consumption and production cost.Raw material improves the quality of steel, if still take steel scrap as main, will be very difficult.This be because detrimental impurity Sn, As, Cu in the steel scrap, etc. almost in the 100% residual steel.Therefore, it will be very difficult that simple use steel scrap improves the steel-making quality, and use the part direct-reduced iron just to avoid these problems, so to smelting high-quality steel and special steel, be very important such as adapted direct-reduced irons such as petroleum casing pipe, automobile steel, used in nuclear power station steel, military steel, also can say and produce special steel and the high-quality steel just must the adapted direct-reduced iron.Therefore, direct-reduced iron be production high-quality steel and special steel must use material, be the high-quality electric furnace raw material that replenishes the steel scrap deficiency, can be used as the refrigerant of converter steelmaking.The direct-reduced iron of high-quality is processed through secondary reduction can also be used for Powder Metallurgy Industry production reduced iron powder.
In world's direct-reduction iron production method, mainly be divided into gas base method and coal-based method at present, wherein rotary hearth furnace process is a kind of important process in the coal-based method.Rotary hearth furnace process is to adopt fine-grained ore deposit and reductive agent to combine closely, and fast restore under 1350 ℃ of high temperature only needs 30～60min, and is with short production cycle; Material just no longer moves after dropping on furnace bottom, only moves ahead with furnace bottom, so unlikely fragmentation is not high to the requirement of strength of ball; Capacity usage ratio is high, and reduzate CO emits a large amount of heat energy through secondary combustion, is equivalent to approximately about half of gross heat input (being reported as 2/3rds abroad); In the raw material as contain harmful impurity (zinc, lead, arsenic etc.), can part or the volatilization of large section in rotary hearth furnace, and can from flue gas, reclaim; Be little negative pressure system in the stove, smokeless releases, also without industrial sewage, and SO in the flue gas
2Quantity discharged also is significantly less than sintering.
China's rotary hearth furnace process development also has certain history, many rotary hearth furnace devices had also in succession been built in recent years, processing complex ore, low-grade refractory iron ore, Steel Plant's zinc-containing dust, the special ferrous material such as laterite has been obtained better result, but traditional rotary hearth furnace is because the furnace reduction temperature contrast is larger, reduction temperature is inhomogeneous, the furnace atmosphere Modulatory character is poor, there is product ferrous grade low (TFe＜85%) in the direct-reduced iron that causes producing, the high shortcomings such as (S:0.1%～0.2%) of sulfur-bearing, be difficult to directly as producing steel-making DRI, common product is used for directly adding blast furnace ironmaking, for reducing coke ratio; The accidents such as material, not discharging often occur to leak in the duplex discharging machine of rotary hearth furnace in addition.
Summary of the invention
The problem that purpose of the present invention exists in order to overcome above-mentioned prior art, and provide a kind of controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace process of producing direct-reduced iron, the present invention adopts preheating and reduction two-step process to use simultaneously the controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace well to solve the problems referred to above, can not only satisfy the reduction of various materials, and temperature is even in the burner hearth, the output qualification rate is high, automation degree of equipment is high, and the workman is easy and simple to handle.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace process of producing direct-reduced iron is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) the powdery iron-containing oxide raw material is added a certain amount of binding agent batch mixing, wherein powdered iron ore quality: binding agent quality=1:0.001～0.03 re-uses forming machine and is rolled into the pelletizing that diameter is 30～40mm; Or, the powdery iron-containing oxide raw material is added a certain amount of binding agent and powdered carbon batch mixing, wherein powdered iron ore quality: the binding agent quality: powdered carbon quality=1:0.001～0.03:0.05-0.2, re-use forming machine be rolled into diameter be 30～40mm in join the charcoal pelletizing;
(2) with diameter be 30～40mm pelletizing/in join charcoal pelletizing or 5～25mm the lump ore pre-heating system of packing into be preheating to 700～1000 ℃, pre-heating system adopts grate kiln;
(3) material after the preheating is sent into 2 grades of cloth mouth clothes on rotary hearth furnace top by material feeder; Described rotary hearth furnace top is provided with 3 height adjustable distributors, 1 grade and 3 grades of cloth mouth cloth reductive agents, 2 grades of cloth pelletizings/in join charcoal pelletizing or lump ore;
(4) cloth operation: controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace base plate rotates counterclockwise, and is layered on thickness 5～10mm on the drop-bottom at the bottom of 1 grade of cloth mouth elder generation cloth reductive agent; 2 grades of cloth mouths are cloth pellets/lump ores and reductive agent mixture again, is that reductive agent is sneaked in 1:0.3～0.5 by pelletizing or lump ore and reductive agent mass ratio, cloth height 30～70mm; The 3 grades of last cloth reductive agent of cloth mouth top covers on iron pellets/lump ores compound, top cover thickness 5～10mm;
Or controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace base plate rotates counterclockwise, and joins charcoal pelletizing cloth height 30～70mm in 2 grades of cloth mouth cloth;
(5) all materials 1200 ℃～1400 ℃ operation 3h～8h in the controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace; the controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace can be regulated by the rotary hearth furnace transmission system working time; discharge out of the furnace through the water-cooling spiral discharging machine that can lead to shielding gas again; discharge and expect that delivering to the product stock ground through transport tape again carries out the magnetic separation separation; obtain at last the sponge iron pelletizing; the sponge iron pelletizing is through rolling; briquetting after rolling can directly send steelshop as steelmaking feed; the size of described briquetting: length is 100～150mm; wide is 50～80mm; thick is 30～60mm, proportion 3～4.5g/ cm
3Useless reductive agent after the magnetic separation can mix use with new reductive agent by a certain percentage, new reductive agent quality: old reductive agent quality=90%～60%:10%～40%.
The used reductive agent of the present invention is the hard coal of routine and the compound that sweetening agent is pressed 1:0.1～0.15 ratio.
Advantage of the present invention
1. employing two-step approach is carried out first preheating, can Effective Raise rotary hearth furnace output and product quality;
2. adopt the controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace, material is placed on the furnace bottom carborundum plate, by the burner boosting on the furnace wall, thereby satisfy the inhomogeneity requirement of temperature of charge, material top arranges flame shield, a plurality of heat-accumulating burners are set on the outer shroud furnace wall, a plurality of inferior high combustion rate burners are set on the interior ring oven wall, and arrange that a plurality of coal gas pass into the hole and air passes into the hole, thereby can satisfy the essential condition of the reduction such as various specific reducing atmospheres, not only make rotary hearth furnace can reach high furnace temperature, and satisfied the processing requirement of producing qualified direct-reduced iron.
3. adopt the water-cooling spiral discharging machine that can lead to shielding gas to pass into shielding gas in the spiral again, avoid at the secondary oxidation of direct-reduced iron in spiral;
4. spiral discharging machine arranges the ramp type hopper that a stainless steel plate is made near the bent envelope of furnace wall place, and material gathers the discharge port that accesses spiral discharging machine through the ramp type hopper, solved spiral discharging machine the leakage material, can't discharge etc. disadvantage.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is craft block-diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described by reference to the accompanying drawings.The used reductive agent of the present invention is the hard coal of routine and the compound that sweetening agent is pressed 1:0.1～0.15 ratio.
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, the used reductive agent of present embodiment is the mixture of hard coal and sweetening agent, hard coal quality: sweetening agent quality=1:0.15, the present invention carries out according to the following steps: (1) by weight the 1:0.01 batch mixing, re-uses powdery iron-containing oxide compound and binding agent forming machine and is rolled into the pelletizing that diameter is 30mm; (2) pelletizing is packed into grate kiln is preheating to 800 ℃; (3) material after the preheating is sent into 2 grades of cloth mouth clothes of furnace roof by material feeder; Described controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace top arranges 3 height adjustable distributors, 1 grade and 3 grades of cloth mouth cloth reductive agents, and reductive agent is the hard coal quality: sweetening agent quality=1:0.15,2 grades of cloth iron content pelletizings; (4) cloth operation: controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace base plate rotates counterclockwise, and is layered on thickness 5mm on the drop-bottom at the bottom of 1 grade of cloth mouth elder generation cloth reductive agent; 2 grades of cloth mouths are cloth iron content pelletizing and reductive agent mixture again, is that 1:0.4 sneaks into reductive agent by pelletizing and reductive agent mass ratio, cloth height 70mm; The 3 grades of last cloth reductive agent of cloth mouth top covers are rolled into a ball on the compound top cover thickness 5mm at iron ball; (5) all materials move 4h about 1300 ℃; discharge out of the furnace finally by crossing the water-cooling spiral discharging machine that can lead to shielding gas; discharge and expect that delivering to the product stock ground through transport tape carries out the magnetic separation separation; the sponge iron pelletizing that separates is become briquetting through mill milling again; the size of briquetting: long is 100mm; wide is 50mm, and thick is 30mm, and proportion is 4.5g/ cm
3About, this briquetting can directly send steelshop as steelmaking feed, and the useless reductive agent after the magnetic separation can mix use with new reductive agent by a certain percentage, realizes comprehensive utilization of energy.
Embodiment 2: a kind of controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace process of producing direct-reduced iron as shown in Figure 1, undertaken by following step:
(1) with powdery iron-containing oxide compound and binding agent and powdered carbon by weight the 1:0.01:0.15 batch mixing, re-use forming machine be rolled into diameter be 30mm in join the charcoal pelletizing;
(2) join the charcoal pelletizing in and be preheating to 900 ℃ through grate kiln;
(3) material after the preheating is sent into 2 grades of cloth mouth clothes on rotary hearth furnace top by material feeder;
(4) cloth operation: controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace base plate rotates counterclockwise, and joins the charcoal pelletizing in 2 grades of cloth mouth cloth, and the cloth height is set to 70mm;
(5) all materials move 3h about 1300 ℃ of rotary hearth furnaces, discharge out of the furnace finally by crossing the water-cooling spiral discharging machine that can lead to shielding gas, and it is rolling that the discharge material is delivered to the product stock ground through transport tape; rolling briquetting size: long is 150mm; wide is 80mm, and thick is 60mm, proportion 4.5g/ cm
3About, this briquetting can directly send steelshop to use as steelmaking feed.
Claims (2)
1. controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace process of producing direct-reduced iron is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) the powdery iron-containing oxide raw material is added a certain amount of binding agent batch mixing, wherein powdered iron ore quality: binding agent quality=1:0.001～0.03 re-uses forming machine and is rolled into the pelletizing that diameter is 30～40mm; Or, the powdery iron-containing oxide raw material is added a certain amount of binding agent and powdered carbon batch mixing, wherein powdered iron ore quality: the binding agent quality: powdered carbon quality=1:0.001～0.03:0.05-0.2, re-use forming machine be rolled into diameter be 30～40mm in join the charcoal pelletizing;
(2) with diameter be 30～40mm pelletizing/in join charcoal pelletizing or 5～25mm the lump ore pre-heating system of packing into be preheating to 700～1000 ℃, pre-heating system adopts grate kiln;
(3) material after the preheating is sent into 2 grades of cloth mouth clothes on rotary hearth furnace top by material feeder; Described rotary hearth furnace top is provided with 3 height adjustable distributors, 1 grade and 3 grades of cloth mouth cloth reductive agents, 2 grades of cloth pelletizings/in join charcoal pelletizing or lump ore;
(4) cloth operation: controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace base plate rotates counterclockwise, and is layered on thickness 5～10mm on the drop-bottom at the bottom of 1 grade of cloth mouth elder generation cloth reductive agent; 2 grades of cloth mouths are cloth pellets/lump ores and reductive agent mixture again, is that reductive agent is sneaked in 1:0.3～0.5 by pelletizing or lump ore and reductive agent mass ratio, cloth height 30～70mm; The 3 grades of last cloth reductive agent of cloth mouth top covers on iron pellets/lump ores compound, top cover thickness 5～10mm;
Or controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace base plate rotates counterclockwise, and joins the charcoal pelletizing in 2 grades of cloth mouth cloth, cloth height 30～70mm;
(5) all materials 1200 ℃～1400 ℃ operation 3h～8h in the controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace; discharge out of the furnace through the water-cooling spiral discharging machine that can lead to shielding gas again; discharge and expect that delivering to the product stock ground through transport tape again carries out the magnetic separation separation; obtain at last the sponge iron pelletizing; the sponge iron pelletizing is through rolling, and the briquetting after rolling can directly send steelshop as steelmaking feed.
2. the controlled atmosphere rotary hearth furnace process of production direct-reduced iron according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the size of described production direct-reduction iron pressing block: length is 100～150mm, and wide is 50～80mm, and thick is 30～60mm, proportion 3～4.5g/ cm
3
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| CN103937921A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-07-23 | 酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Hierarchical material distribution reduction method for sponge iron tunnel kiln and tunnel kiln applying same |
| CN104004874A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-08-27 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Combined direct reduction technology of blast furnace gas ash and refractory low-grade iron ore in tunnel kiln |
| CN104099438A (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2014-10-15 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Reduction ironmaking process of bottom heating type fixed furnace hearth |
| CN104789727A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-22 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Device and method for producing iron beads |
| CN104789725A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-22 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Device and method for reducing coal-based pellets |
| CN104878148A (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2015-09-02 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | High reducing atmosphere rotary hearth furnace iron making method |
| CN106148625A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-11-23 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | Direct-reduction processes the system and method for iron-bearing material |
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| CN109943719A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-06-28 | 冉显俊 | The method for preparing titanium slag and pig iron containing vanadium simultaneously as raw material using vanadium titano-magnetite |
| CN109943719B (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2021-03-23 | 冉显俊 | Method for simultaneously preparing titanium slag and vanadium-containing pig iron by taking vanadium-titanium magnetite as raw material |
| CN111074033A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-04-28 | 钢铁研究总院 | Method for directly reducing materials by using rotary hearth furnace |
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